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WO2020206520A1 - Procédé et équipement pour conversion de hauts fourneaux au mode d'auto-réduction - Google Patents

Procédé et équipement pour conversion de hauts fourneaux au mode d'auto-réduction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020206520A1
WO2020206520A1 PCT/BR2020/050121 BR2020050121W WO2020206520A1 WO 2020206520 A1 WO2020206520 A1 WO 2020206520A1 BR 2020050121 W BR2020050121 W BR 2020050121W WO 2020206520 A1 WO2020206520 A1 WO 2020206520A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
auto
agglomerates
reduction
blast furnace
reduction mode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/BR2020/050121
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English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Giovanni Coassin
Marcos De Albuquerque Contrucci
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
G-Meta Consultoria Participacao E Servicos Ltda
Original Assignee
G-Meta Consultoria Participacao E Servicos Ltda
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by G-Meta Consultoria Participacao E Servicos Ltda filed Critical G-Meta Consultoria Participacao E Servicos Ltda
Publication of WO2020206520A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020206520A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
    • C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/02—Internal forms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an effective processing system for iron ore and coal by Auto-Reduction in existing Blast Furnaces in order to obtain pig iron.
  • the Auto-Reduction mode avoids the high temperature production of the load (Sinter and Coke) followed by cooling to room temperature, with consequent waste of energy.
  • Furnaces have been widely known and used since the 18th century and are now responsible for more than 90 to 95% of the world's production of Iron, whereas Auto-Reduction processes are relatively recent (1980s in the 20th century) and their participation in the world production of Iron is less than 1%.
  • Gas / Solid that is, they are Reactors that generate at the base a Reducing Gas that rises in counter current with the downward load of Iron Oxides. Burning the coke at the base of the blast furnaces, in addition to generating CO (carbon oxide), the chemical agent of the reduction, also generates Thermal energy to cover the needs for the reduction of iron oxides and the fusion of iron and slag produced.
  • CO carbon oxide
  • the carbon C (reducing element) supplied by the Mineral and / or Biomass Coal is dosed in the agglomerates (briquettes or pellets), produced cold, containing the load of iron oxides or other metals to reduce more fluxes and binders.
  • the presence of the carbon C reducing element in the load provides Auto-Reduction with a high reaction speed compared to the reduction by the current Gas / Solid mode, given the independence of the reduction rate of the slow gas penetration in the solid load since the reducer has already it will be embedded in the clusters.
  • the Tecnored Oven is a modular rectangular reactor, each module is made up of two vats, one smaller upper and one larger lower, each having one or more rows of bladders and with a gas outlet duct in common with the supply of Auto clusters -Reducers. 010
  • the OXYCUP Process starts from the production of
  • 012 The operational mode of the Altos-Fomos has historically resulted from the reality of the iron ore deposits that until the middle of the twentieth century consisted of thick compact material (lump ore).
  • the progressive exhaustion of high-grade compact ore deposits has led to the need for processing of poorer ores and the use of the fine fractions produced by intensive mining, which has led to the burden of the Altos Fomos towards the increasing participation of Agglomerates of Natural Fines or Concentrates (Sinter or Pellets).
  • 013 Blast Furnaces are today the dominant Equipment for the production of Pig Iron for the production of Steel, in the classic model of Integrated Plants. Indeed, worldwide, there are more than 1,000 units in Industrial Production, totaling around 1 Billion tons of pig iron per year. This process, progressively optimized, especially in the second half of the 20th century, has now reached its practical limit of optimization.
  • the present invention is directed to the conversion of
  • Auto-Reduction Furnaces eliminating the use of Sinter, Pellets or Coke, replaced by Auto-Reducing Agglomerates such as Metallic Load and Mineral Coal and / or Biomass Agglomerates, as solid fuel, produced at low temperature, increasing the global efficiency of Steel Plants.
  • cheaper non-coking coal can be used both as Reducers and fuel
  • Biomass Coals can be incorporated in different proportions, both in Auto-Reducing Agglomerates and in Mineral and / or Biomass Agglomerates.
  • the present invention furthermore proposes a new mode of internal load disposition, no longer by horizontal layers of sinter and coke with the gas forced to pass through these layers, as done in the current Blast Furnaces, operating in the Gas / Solid mode, but, for the assembly of concentric cylindrical or polyhedral vertical elements, inside the Blast Furnace, anchored to its structure, allowing the formation of two separate vertical load columns, concentric and not crossed by the gas.
  • the two concentric elements start from the top plane of the Blast Furnaces, within reach of their loading system, with different lengths, suitable for the formation of an active volume, that is, a volume of cargo to be crossed by the gases of the process called active load volume or work volume.
  • active volume that is, a volume of cargo to be crossed by the gases of the process called active load volume or work volume.
  • the Coal and / or Biomass Agglomerates are loaded forming a first load column, in the space between the Blast Furnace wall and the first concentric element, while the Auto-Reducing Agglomerates are loaded in the space between the first and the second concentric element.
  • the two load columns are located slightly above the plane of the nozzles in the natural slope formed at the base of the Mineral Coal and / or Biomass Agglomerates column.
  • the shape of the Agglomerates is approximately spherical, with a diameter of 25 to 50 mm in Auto-Reducing Agglomerates and a diameter of 80 to 200 mm in Mineral Coal and / or Biomass Agglomerates, allowing the formation of a low reactivity burning bed and operate with a flame with a temperature around 2,500 ° C due to the minimization of CO gas generation, unnecessary due to the use of Auto-Reducing Agglomerates containing the reducer C at its core, for the benefit of greater energy generation.
  • 027 Figure 1 shows a typical section of a traditional Blast Furnace in Gas / Solid mode (1) where, on the right of its axis (14), the empty equipment is represented and on the left, the typical load distribution of this mode.
  • Figure 2 shows the graph of the average temperature of solids (16) and (17) and gases (21) along the load height of a traditional Blast Furnace in Gas / Solid mode (1).
  • FIG. 3 shows a typical section of a Blast Furnace adapted to the Auto Reduction mode (2).
  • Figure 4 represents the graph of average temperatures of gas (21) and solids along the height of the load (29) and (30) in a Blast Furnace adapted (2) to Auto-Reduction.
  • 035 Figure 5 represents the geometry of the flame (20) generated by the blowing of air through the bladder (12), formed in the column of Agglomerates of Mineral Coal and / or Biomass (29). The lengths of burning flame in the different thicknesses of the column of Agglomerates of Mineral Coal and / or Biomass (29) allowed by the positioning options (25a), (25b) and (25c) of the concentric element (25) are also shown.
  • 036 Figure 6 shows the bands (25a), (25b) and (25c), of the concentric element (25) and their respective CO / C02 ratios.
  • Figure 7 shows the case of the concentric element (25) of variable geometry, when alternatively used instead of the concentric element of fixed geometry, in which case this element, in the lower section, has a plurality of tilting elements (33), articulated on the axes (34) able to provide different thicknesses of the column of Agglomerates of Mineral Coal and / or Biomass (29) in front of the bladders (12).
  • a and B represent, respectively, the distances between the housing (11) and the element (25) and between the elements (25) and (26).
  • Figure 9 shows the development in plane of the element (25) that has four helical planes (35) symmetrically arranged inside for the feeding of Mineral Coal and / or Biomass Clusters (29) by rolling and not by falling free.
  • the Auto-Reduction mode radically alters the dynamics of the Reduction in the High-Waves, where an oxidized load is reduced by going downstream to the Reducing Gas, generated at the base, by burning Coke that provides Energy and Reducer to the Process.
  • the reducing element is dosed and added to the mass of Auto Reducing Agglomerates (30) containing the iron oxides (iron ore) to be reduced, in addition to fluxes and binders.
  • the proposed solution is to deploy, from the top plane (24), in the interior of the Alto-Fomos (1), two concentric elements, coaxial, (25) and (26) of circular or polygonal tubular section, whose axis coincides with the axis of the Alto-Fomo (14), being the length of the concentric element ( 25) greater than the length of the concentric element (26)
  • 046 Mineral Coal and / or Biomass Clusters (29) are loaded forming a first load column, in the space between the blast housing (11) and the first concentric element (25), while the Self-Reducing Clusters (30) are loaded in the space between the first concentric element (25) and the second concentric element (26).
  • the two load columns (29) and (30) are located slightly above the plane of the nozzles in the natural slope formed at the base of the column of Agglomerates of Mineral Coal and / or Biomass (29).
  • the concentric elements (25) and (26) allow reconfiguring the load distribution profile of the Gas / Solid mode, to a profile adapted to Auto-Reduction.
  • Figures 2 and 4 show the evolution curves of the temperature of gases and solids as a function of height, measured from the axis (15) of the nozzles (12) for the two processes. It can be seen that in the Auto-Reduction mode the reactions are concentrated in the Reduction and Fusion Zone (32), at the meeting of the Columns of Mineral Coal and / or Biomass (29) and Auto-Reducing Agglomerates (30 ), within the reach of the high temperature flame (20) of the nozzles (12), around 2,500 ° C, in relation to the melting temperature of 1,500 ° C, which provides a gradient of 1,000 ° C, as evidenced in the curves of Figure 4.
  • the gases (21) are enriched by CO without Nitrogen N2 from the Auto-Reduction reactions, in the Reduction and Fusion Zone (32), rising through the preheating load until leaving through the ducts (22) and may be used as a fuel to preheat the air blast, in several places at the plant or to generate motive steam or cogeneration.
  • the length of the flame (20) generated by the blowing of air through the nozzle (12), formed in the column of Agglomerates of Mineral Coal and / or Biomass (29) defines the CO / C02 ratio of the flame and, consequently, its temperature and thermal capacity.
  • the lengths of burning flame in the different thicknesses of the column of Agglomerates of Mineral Coal and / or Biomass (29) allowed by the positioning options (25a), (25b) and (25c) of the concentric element (25) are also shown.
  • FIG. 052 Figure 6 shows the flame temperature ranges that correspond to each positioning (25a), (25b) and (25c) of the concentric element (25) and their respective CO / C02 ratios, showing the regions where the value of this relationship is 0.5, 1 and 2
  • the distance (hl) between the base of the concentric element (25) and the axis (15) of the nozzles (12) is less than the distance (h2) between the base of the element (26) and the axis (15) of the nozzles (12), with the value of (hl) between 3 and 6 m and the value of (h2) between 6 and 9 m.
  • the distances (A) between the concentric element (25) and the housing (ll) is 1 to 3 m and (B) between the elements (25) and (26) is 0.5 to 1.5 m.
  • the shape of the Agglomerates will be approximately spherical, with a diameter of 25 to 50 mm in the Auto-Reducing Agglomerates and a diameter of 80 to 200 mm in the Mineral and / or Biomass Agglomerates.
  • the use of large coal and / or biomass (30) agglomerates, combined with the positioning of the concentric element (25) allows the formation of a low reactivity burning bed providing a flame (20) with a CO / ratio C02 close to 0.5 and temperature around 2,500 ° C due to the minimization of CO generation for the benefit of energy generation.
  • the positioning of the concentric element of fixed geometry (25) or variable (33) allows to vary the parameters of the flame (20), as indicated in Figure 5, to produce a certain proportion of combustible gas, if, case by case, desired.
  • Coke retorts are deactivated, but the receiving and storage yard and the preparation of Coke Coke are used for the production of Mineral Coal and / or Biomass Agglomerates.
  • the conversion of Blast Furnaces from Gas / Solid mode to Auto Reduction mode also endows the Plant with greater operational flexibility and raw materials, compared to current Blast Furnaces.
  • the housing refractory (11) can be limited to the height of the active load, that is, the sum of the height of the reduction and melting zone (32) and the preheating zone (31), with the conditions of the a steel plant in particular, may indicate that it is more economical to remove the entire upper part of the blast furnace from the minimum level of the loading column (28) to the top (24).
  • Figure 9 shows, as an example, the development in plane of the element (25) that has four symmetrically arranged helical planes (35) inside, intended for feeding the Mineral Coal and / or Biomass Clusters (29) by scrolling and not by free fall.
  • element (26) is similar and, therefore, is not represented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention permet de convertir les hauts fourneaux actuels (1) de la réduction gaz/solide en auto-réduction (2), réduisant ainsi le temps de traitement de 8 heures à 30 minutes. On remplace les produits frittés, les pellets ou le minerai (17) par des agglomérés auto-réducteurs (30) et le coke (16) par des agglomérés de charbon minéral et/ou de biomasse (29). L'introduction, à l'intérieur des hauts fourneaux de deux éléments concentriques de forme cylindrique ou polyèdre (25) et (26) permet la formation de deux colonnes isolées de charge des agglomérés (29) et (30) qui se trouvent légèrement au-dessus du plan des tuyères (12), dans la zone de réduction et de fusion (32) formée par la flamme (20), régulée pour produire une haute énergie, permettant de réduire la hauteur de la colonne active des hauts fourneaux (1) et le temps de séjour de la charge. Les agglomérés (29) sont chargés entre l'enveloppe (11) et l'élément (25), les agglomérés (30) étant chargés entre l'élément (25) et l'élément (26).
PCT/BR2020/050121 2019-04-12 2020-04-07 Procédé et équipement pour conversion de hauts fourneaux au mode d'auto-réduction Ceased WO2020206520A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRBR1020190075422 2019-04-12
BR102019007542A BR102019007542A8 (pt) 2019-04-12 2019-04-12 processo e equipamento para conversão de altos-fornos ao modo de auto-redução

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WO2020206520A1 true WO2020206520A1 (fr) 2020-10-15

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WO (1) WO2020206520A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024221075A1 (fr) * 2023-04-25 2024-10-31 Gavea Tech Ltda Procédé de réduction et de fusion de minerais, réacteur et déflecteur de gaz et régulateur de descente de la charge

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3648997A (en) * 1968-05-14 1972-03-14 Sumitomo Metal Ind Apparatus for the production of iron
US6800113B2 (en) * 2001-06-28 2004-10-05 Startec Iron Llc Equipment for distribution and feeding of charge and fuel in shaft furnaces of rectangular cross section
US7896963B2 (en) * 2003-09-23 2011-03-01 Hanqing Liu Self-reducing, cold-bonded pellets

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3648997A (en) * 1968-05-14 1972-03-14 Sumitomo Metal Ind Apparatus for the production of iron
US6800113B2 (en) * 2001-06-28 2004-10-05 Startec Iron Llc Equipment for distribution and feeding of charge and fuel in shaft furnaces of rectangular cross section
US7896963B2 (en) * 2003-09-23 2011-03-01 Hanqing Liu Self-reducing, cold-bonded pellets

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BR102019007542A8 (pt) 2021-02-02

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