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WO2020262430A1 - Élément optique et réseau de microlentilles - Google Patents

Élément optique et réseau de microlentilles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020262430A1
WO2020262430A1 PCT/JP2020/024735 JP2020024735W WO2020262430A1 WO 2020262430 A1 WO2020262430 A1 WO 2020262430A1 JP 2020024735 W JP2020024735 W JP 2020024735W WO 2020262430 A1 WO2020262430 A1 WO 2020262430A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
polymer material
electrode layer
optical element
pvc
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PCT/JP2020/024735
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
秀之 江守
山田　泰美
利博 平井
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Shinshu University NUC
Nitto Denko Corp
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Shinshu University NUC
Nitto Denko Corp
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Priority claimed from JP2020107458A external-priority patent/JP2021009365A/ja
Application filed by Shinshu University NUC, Nitto Denko Corp filed Critical Shinshu University NUC
Publication of WO2020262430A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020262430A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/19—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical element and a microlens array.
  • a focus adjustment mechanism for example, see Patent Document 1
  • a lens drive mechanism for example, see Patent Document 2
  • the polymer material is used for the lens holder that holds the lens, and the position of the lens is moved along the optical axis by utilizing the expansion and contraction of the polymer material due to the application of voltage.
  • a gel material containing 1 to 30 parts by weight of an ionic liquid with respect to 1 to 50 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride is known (see, for example, Patent Document 4).
  • An object of the present invention is to variably control the characteristics and / or shape of an optical element by using a polymer material having predetermined physical properties.
  • the optical element has a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a gel-like polymer material arranged between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • the shear modulus of the polymer material when no voltage is applied is 11 kPa or less, and the polymer material forms a light scatterer on the surface of the first electrode layer under voltage application.
  • the characteristics and / or shape of the optical element can be variably controlled by using a polymer material having predetermined physical characteristics.
  • FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the distribution of the breaking elongation of the polymer material of FIG. It is a figure explaining the measurement of the elastic modulus change by applying a voltage, (a) is a schematic diagram of a measuring device, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the stress applied to a sample. It is a figure which shows the measurement result of FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the display system using the microlens array of embodiment. It is a schematic diagram of the lighting system using the microlens array of embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a basic configuration diagram of the optical element 10 of the embodiment.
  • the optical element 10 has a three-layer laminated structure in which the polymer material 11 is sandwiched between the electrodes 12 and 13. When a voltage is applied between the electrodes 12 and 13, a light scatterer 15 is formed on the surface 13s of at least one electrode (for example, the electrode 13).
  • the polymer material 11 is formed of a gel-like polymer material (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as "polymer gel").
  • the electrode 13 is provided with an opening 14, and the polymer gel protrudes from the opening 14 due to expansion or contraction or deformation of the polymer gel by applying a voltage to form a light scattering body 15.
  • the light scattering body 15 has a convex shape.
  • the term "convex” or “protruding” does not mean only a completely convex shape as shown in FIG. 1 (A), but at least a part of the polymer gel is the electrode 13. It means a state of protruding from the surface 13s (zero surface) of.
  • the shape in which the central portion of the convex light scattering body is recessed is also seen from the opening 14 of the electrode 13 to the surface 13s when the light scattering body 15 as a whole is viewed. It has a light scattering effect. Further, as shown in FIG. 1C, even when the central portion of the light scattering body 15B is below the surface 13s of the electrode 13, the other portion protrudes from the surface 13s of the electrode 13, so that the “convex shape” is obtained. "include.
  • the polymer gel has predetermined physical properties as described later.
  • a polymer gel polyvinyl chloride (PVC: polyvinyl chloride), polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, silicone rubber, etc., as long as the conditions of the physical properties described below are satisfied.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • polymethyl methacrylate polyurethane
  • polystyrene polyvinyl acetate
  • polyvinyl alcohol polycarbonate
  • polyethylene terephthalate polyacrylonitrile
  • silicone rubber etc.
  • a polymer (or resin) material that is transparent with respect to the wavelength to be used can be appropriately selected.
  • the range of physical properties that are easily handled due to the large displacement due to the action of the electric field is specified.
  • the electrode 12 and the electrode 13 are not particularly limited as long as they are made of a conductive material.
  • the electrode 12 and the electrode 13 is formed of metal, platinum, gold, silver, nickel, chromium, copper, titanium, tantalum, indium, palladium, lithium, niobium, alloys thereof and the like can be used.
  • At least one of the electrode 12 and the electrode 13 may be formed of a transparent oxide semiconductor material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), or a conductive polymer, conductive carbon, or the like may be used.
  • the electrode 12 and the electrode 13 is used as the anode can be set according to the direction in which the shape of the polymer material 11 is changed.
  • the electrode 12 is a cathode and the electrode 13 is an anode, both of which are in contact with the polymer material 11.
  • the electrode 13 has an opening 14, and in a state where a voltage is applied, the light scatterers 15, 15A, and 15B project from the opening 14 beyond the surface position of the electrode 13.
  • the diameter of the opening 14 can be appropriately set according to the application of the optical element 10, but is less than 1 mm, preferably 300 ⁇ m or less. When the diameter of the opening 14 is 1 mm or more, it becomes difficult to project the polymer gel from the opening 14 by applying a voltage. By setting the diameter of the opening to 300 ⁇ m or less, the deformation efficiency of the polymer gel with respect to voltage application can be increased, and the polymer gel can be projected in a substantially uniform shape with respect to the center of the opening 14.
  • the shape of the opening 14 can be determined according to the purpose, such as a circle, an ellipse, or a polygon.
  • a layer of the polymer material 11 is formed on an electrode 12 formed to a predetermined size, and a pattern of openings 14 is formed in advance on the layer of the polymer material 11.
  • the electrode 13 is arranged.
  • a predetermined voltage is applied between the electrode 12 and the electrode 13 to project the light scatterer 15, 15A, or 15B from the surface 13s of the electrode 13.
  • the thickness of the polymer material 11 is appropriately determined according to the size of the opening 14, the height h of the light scattering body 15 to be formed, the thicknesses of the electrodes 12 and 13 to be used, and the like, but as an example, 1 mm or less. It is preferably 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. When the thickness of the polymer material 11 is 0.1 mm or less, it becomes a little difficult to handle, but since there is a balance with the aperture size of the electrode 13, when producing a microlens array sheet having a large number of fine lenses. In some cases, the thickness of the polymer material 11 may be 0.1 mm or less.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the operating principle of the optical element 10 of the embodiment by taking the shape of FIG. 1 (A) as an example.
  • FIG. 2A shows a state in which no voltage is applied.
  • FIG. 2B shows a state when a voltage is applied.
  • the polymer material 11 has a substantially flat surface and is inside the opening 14.
  • the surface position of the polymer material 11 at this time is lower than the surface 13s of the electrode 13 in the height direction (lamination direction).
  • the surface 13s of the electrode 13 is defined as the zero surface in the height direction.
  • the transmittance of the polymer gel used in the embodiment is 90% to 92% with respect to light having a wavelength ⁇ of 550 nm.
  • the refractive index of the polymer gel also changes depending on the addition rate of the plasticizer (for example, DBA).
  • the refractive index of the polymer gel used in the embodiment is 1.44 to 1.49 with respect to light having a wavelength of 589 nm.
  • the higher the addition rate of DBA the lower the refractive index.
  • the light scatterer 15 formed of this polymer gel has sufficient transmittance for green (G) light rays.
  • the light transmittance and the refractive index of a normal white glass substrate (BK7) are 90% and 1.52, and the polymer gel of the embodiment is a highly transparent material with little reflection.
  • the deformation of the polymer gel is based on the elasticity and voltage response characteristics of the gel, and if the composition of the polymer material 11 is uniform, the light scatterer 15 formed by applying the same level of voltage varies. Is few. Since the total volume of the polymer gel is the same, the thickness of the polymer material 11 can be slightly changed by the amount of the polymer gel protruding from the opening 14, but the optical characteristics of the light scatterer 15 are not affected.
  • the deformation of the polymer material 11 is reversible, and the initial state shown in FIG. 2 (A) can be restored by stopping the application of the voltage. Further, the height h of the light scattering body 15 can be made variable according to the level of the applied voltage.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the voltage dependence of the cross-sectional shape of the light scattering body 15 of the optical element 10. As the applied voltage is increased to V1, V2, and V3, the height of the light scattering body protruding from the zero plane increases. In addition, the cross-sectional profile of the light scatterer changes.
  • the polymer material 11 protrudes from the vicinity of the edge of the opening, but the ridge of the polymer material 11 does not reach the zero plane in the central portion.
  • the applied voltage is raised to V2
  • almost the entire light scattering body 15 protrudes from the zero plane. In this state, the ridges at the periphery are superior to those at the center of the opening.
  • the polymer material 11 When the applied voltage is raised to V3, the polymer material 11 also rises in the central portion of the opening, and the height of the entire light scattering body 15 becomes higher.
  • the height of the light scattering body 15 can be changed by controlling the level of the applied voltage.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the optical element 10A, which is a modified example of the optical element 10.
  • the electrode 13A in which the insulator 16 is coated with the conductive film 17 is used as the anode instead of the electrode 13 made of metal or the like shown in FIG.
  • an inorganic insulator such as silicon dioxide or alumina ceramics or an insulating resin can be used.
  • the conductive film 17 is a thin film such as platinum, gold, silver, nickel, chromium, copper, titanium, tantalum, indium, palladium, lithium, niobium, alloys thereof, a conductive polymer, a conductive carbon, and a thin film of an oxide semiconductor. Etc. are formed. Both the insulator 16 and the conductive film 17 may be formed of a transparent material.
  • the light scattering body 15 is formed in a reversible deformation process depending on the presence or absence of voltage application, as described in FIG.
  • the light scattering body 15 is formed by being extruded from the opening 14 by utilizing the elasticity and voltage response characteristics of the polymer material 11. As described with reference to FIG. 3, the height of the light scattering body 15 can be controlled according to the level of voltage application.
  • the light scattering body 15 can take the cross-sectional shape of the light scattering body 15A of FIG. 1 (B) or the cross-sectional shape of the light scattering body 15B of FIG. 1 (C).
  • the configuration of FIG. 4 has an advantage that a transparent optical element can be manufactured by using a transparent insulator and a transparent conductive film. Further, the use of a metal material can be reduced to reduce the mass of the entire optical element 10A.
  • the configuration of FIG. 1 and the configuration of FIG. 4 can be extended to a configuration having light scattering bodies 15 on both sides of the optical element.
  • an electrode 12 as a cathode as a common electrode
  • arranging a polymer material 11 on both sides of the electrode 12 and sandwiching it between electrodes 13 of two anodes a light scatterer 15 is applied to both sides of an optical element by applying a voltage.
  • a voltage can be generated.
  • the electrode 12 in the middle it is possible to form a lens unit whose both sides are convex.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a microlens array 100 as an application example of the optical element 10 of FIG.
  • the microlens array 100 has an array of a plurality of light scatterers 15 on the surface 13s of the electrode 13.
  • the microlens array 100 has a three-layer laminated structure in which the polymer material 11 is sandwiched between the pair of electrodes 12 and the electrodes 13.
  • the polymer material 11 is made of PVC, polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, silicone rubber and the like, as long as the specific physical properties are satisfied.
  • a polymer gel can be used.
  • DBA dibutyl adipate
  • DEA diethyl adipate
  • DOA dioctyl adipate
  • DES diethyl sebacate
  • DOP dioctyl phthalate
  • DEP diethyl phthalate
  • tributylacetyl citrate tributylacetyl citrate
  • the polymer material 11 may have a different degree of polymerization or molecular weight, or may have a different composition ratio with a plasticizer, as long as it satisfies specific physical characteristics.
  • the polymer material 11 may be used by mixing (blending) materials having different degrees of polymerization and molecular weight as long as the conditions of specific physical properties are satisfied.
  • a crosslinked structure having a low crosslink density at a soluble level or a copolymerized material may be used as the polymer material 11. Gels having different types of polymer materials 11, the degree of polymerization and molecular weight thereof, or composition ratios with plasticizers may be laminated at any thickness.
  • the electrodes 12 and 13 are made of an appropriate conductive material.
  • the electrode 12 is a cathode
  • the electrode 13 is an anode
  • the arrangement of the light scatterers 15 is formed on the surface 13s of the anode.
  • the thickness of the polymer material 11 is 300 ⁇ m
  • the diameter of the light scattering body 15 is 150 ⁇ m
  • the distance between the centers is 200 ⁇ m
  • the distance between two adjacent light scattering bodies 15 is 50 ⁇ m.
  • the microlens array 100 is formed by utilizing the micron-order aperture formed in the film-shaped electrode 13 and the elasticity of the polymer gel, and a plurality of light scattering bodies 15 are arranged on the surface 13s of the electrode 13. There is. Depending on the level of voltage applied between the electrodes 12 and 13, the array of light scatterers 15 can appear and / or the height of the light scatterers 15 can be changed.
  • the light scattering body 15 has a light scattering function if at least a part of the polymer gel protrudes from the opening 14 by applying a voltage, but the polymer gel protrudes from the surface 13s of the electrode 13 at the center of the opening 14. If the case has less light loss, it is more desirable.
  • Shear elastic modulus also called rigidity
  • rigidity is a physical property value that determines the difficulty of deformation due to shearing force.
  • polymer gel As a sample of polymer gel, different types of polymer gel are prepared by changing the type and amount of PVC raw material and plasticizer.
  • the PVC raw material and the plasticizer are mixed with a solvent, THF (tetrahydrofuran).
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • the weight ratio of PVC, plasticizer and THF is 15 parts by weight of THF when the total of PVC and plasticizer is 6 parts by weight.
  • the weight ratio of PVC to the plasticizer after drying is 1/3 to 1/9, and the content ratio of the plasticizer to the entire polymer gel is about 67 wt% to 90 wt%.
  • the specific procedure for producing a polymer gel is as follows: a total of 6 g of PVC and plasticizer, and 15 g of THF (solvent) are placed in a container so that the weight ratio of PVC and plasticizer becomes a desired value, and a planetary stirrer (Co., Ltd.) The planet is stirred with AR-250) manufactured by Shinky. After casting the mixture, it is dried at room temperature for 5 days.
  • the polymer gel after removing the solvent is placed on the electrode 12 with a thickness of 300 ⁇ m, and the electrode 13 having the opening 14 is placed on the polymer gel.
  • the electrode 13 is a metal thin film having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m, and has a circular opening 14 having a diameter of 100 ⁇ m.
  • a voltage of 600 V is applied between the electrodes 12 and 13, and the height of the polymer gel from the electrode surface (zero plane) is measured at the center of the opening.
  • each sample of the polymer gel obtained by the above procedure is measured.
  • the polymer gel of each sample is cast on a fluorine petri dish, dried at room temperature for 5 days, and then the membrane is cut to the required size and used for evaluation.
  • this shear modulus is several percent to several tens of percent higher when measured with a voltage applied than when measured without a voltage applied. Since the elastic modulus of general compounds such as polydimethylsiloxane that does not deform even when a voltage is applied does not change due to the application of a voltage, the deformation of the polymer gel of the example is related to the increase of the elastic modulus when a voltage is applied. You might also say that. A specific measurement method and measurement result of the shear modulus when a voltage is applied will be described later with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing specific physical properties of Examples 1 to 12 and Reference Examples 1 to 3.
  • the shear modulus [kPa], breaking strength [kPa], breaking elongation [%], protrusion height [ ⁇ m] at the center of the hole, and handleability are examined.
  • the shear modulus of the polymer material 11 is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and more specifically, the shear modulus G is 11 kPa or less (G). ⁇ 11 kPa) is desirable.
  • Mw / Mn is the ratio of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) to the number average molecular weight (Mn), and represents the polydispersity of the molecular weight.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus is 9.6 kPa, which is within the above range.
  • the protruding height at the center of the opening when a voltage is applied is 1.2 ⁇ m.
  • the breaking strength is as large as 270 kPa and the breaking elongation is as large as 402%, and the handling is good.
  • the PVC reprecipitation treatment is a treatment for extracting an additive component by precipitating a polymer component. Specifically, 5 g of PVC is weighed, 150 mL of THF is added thereto, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Then, with vigorous stirring, 200 mL of methanol is added dropwise over about 30 minutes. The resulting precipitate is filtered by suction filtration and washed with methanol. After air-drying overnight or more, it is dried at 50 ° C. for 8 hours in a vacuum dryer, and the obtained powder is weighed. This reprecipitation treatment is repeated twice and used for the sample.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus of the polymer gel is 9.6 kPa, which is within the above range.
  • the protruding height at the center of the opening is 0.45 ⁇ m.
  • the breaking strength is as large as 87 kPa and the breaking elongation is as large as 275%, and the handling is good.
  • This sample is a copolymer, the plasticizer is DBA, and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus is 3.6 kPa, which is within the above range. Since the shear modulus is small, the protruding height at the center of the opening is as large as 4.61 ⁇ m.
  • the breaking strength is 14 kPa and the breaking elongation is 123%, which means that the film is easily broken and the handling is slightly inferior.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus is 4.8 kPa, which is within the above range. Since the shear modulus is small, the protruding height at the center of the opening is as large as 3.64 ⁇ m.
  • the breaking strength is 4.8 kPa and the breaking elongation is 63%, which means that the film is easily broken and the handling is slightly inferior.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus is 2.4 kPa, which is within the above range. Since the shear modulus is small, the protruding height at the center of the opening is as large as 1.2 ⁇ m.
  • the breaking strength is 1.7 kPa and the breaking elongation is 57%, which means that the film is easily broken and the handling is slightly inferior.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/7.
  • the shear modulus is 0.8 kPa, which is within the above range. Since the shear modulus is very small, the protrusion height at the center of the opening is as large as 15 ⁇ m, but the handling is slightly inferior.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/9.
  • the shear modulus is 1.0 kPa, which is within the above range. Since the shear modulus is very small, the protruding height at the center of the opening is as large as 11 ⁇ m, but the handling is slightly inferior.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus is 7.0 kPa, which is within the above range.
  • the protruding height at the center of the opening is 4.3 ⁇ m.
  • the breaking strength is 160 kPa, the breaking elongation is as large as 297%, and the handling is also good.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus is 4.6 kPa, which is within the above range.
  • the protruding height at the center of the opening is 15.0 ⁇ m.
  • the breaking strength is as large as 300 kPa, the breaking elongation is as large as 140%, and the handling is also good.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus is 5.4 kPa, which is within the above range.
  • the protruding height at the center of the opening is 11.7 ⁇ m.
  • the breaking strength is as large as 540 kPa, the breaking elongation is as large as 165%, and the handling is also good.
  • the plasticizer is DES and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus is 7.0 kPa, which is within the above range.
  • the protruding height at the center of the opening is 11.5 ⁇ m, and the handling is also good.
  • the plasticizer is DOA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus is 10.4 kPa, which is within the above range.
  • the protruding height at the center of the opening is 1.8 ⁇ m, and the handling is also good.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus is 12 kPa, which exceeds the upper limit of the above range.
  • the protruding height at the center of the opening is -3.9 ⁇ m, and the polymer gel does not protrude on the surface of the electrode 13.
  • the breaking strength is as large as 350 kPa and the breaking elongation is as large as 770%, and the handling is very good, but the rigidity is too strong to be displaced at the same applied voltage.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/5.
  • the shear modulus is 21 kPa, which greatly exceeds the upper limit of the above range.
  • the amount of displacement at the center of the opening is -8.9 ⁇ m, and the polymer gel hardly displaces under the same voltage.
  • the breaking strength is as large as 730 kPa and the breaking elongation is as large as 656%, and the handling is very good, but the rigidity is too strong to be displaced at the same applied voltage.
  • the plasticizer is DBA and the PVC / plasticizer composition ratio is 1/3.
  • the shear modulus is 26.6 kPa, which greatly exceeds the upper limit of the above range.
  • the protruding height at the center of the opening is -12.0 ⁇ m, and the polymer gel does not protrude on the surface of the electrode under the same voltage.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram in which the protrusion amount of the polymer gel is plotted as a function of the shear elastic modulus for each of Examples 1 to 12 and Reference Examples 1 to 3. It does not mean that the amount of protrusion of the polymer gel is large, but the preferable range of the shear modulus is determined by the handling property, the reproducibility, and the like.
  • the shear modulus exceeds 11 kPa, the rigidity of the polymer gel becomes stronger and the deformation becomes smaller when the same voltage is applied. To put it the other way around, the applied voltage increases even though the deformation is performed by the same amount.
  • the shear modulus is 11 kPa or less, the polymer gel is deformed with good voltage response, and the light scattering body 15 can be formed on the surface 13s of the electrode 13.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram in which the breaking strength is plotted as a function of the degree of polymerization
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram in which the elongation at break is plotted as a function of the degree of polymerization.
  • the measurement results of the samples of Examples 1 to 5, 8 to 10 and Reference Examples 1 to 2 are shown.
  • Both the breaking strength and the breaking elongation show the characteristics of the material itself in the state where no voltage is applied.
  • the layer of the polymer material 11 is formed to a desired thickness and is maintained between the electrodes in a displaceable state even after repeated use. It is necessary to be. Further, it is necessary that the light scattering body 15 can be formed with good reproducibility even after repeated use. If the polymer material 11 is too soft or too brittle, it will be difficult to handle the polymer gel during the process. Further, not only is it difficult to maintain the shape of the light scattering body 15 formed by applying a voltage, but also the reproducibility of the light scattering body 15 by voltage driving is deteriorated.
  • the film of each polymer gel is cut into a width of 10 mm and sandwiched between a tensile tester (Autograph AGS-50NX manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) with an initial chuck distance of 10 mm.
  • Tensile stress is applied at 25 ° C. and 50 mm / min, and the stress when the polymer gel of each sample is completely broken is defined as the breaking strength, and the strain is defined as the breaking elongation.
  • the measured breaking strength and breaking elongation values of the polymer gel are acceptable as the polymer material of the optical element 10 is judged by the evaluation of handleability. After casting and drying, the film of each polymer gel is cut, and when the gel is pinched with tweezers or the like and placed on a measuring machine, the gel is maintained without breaking or breaking, and the handling is evaluated as good. "Symbol is attached. Under the same conditions, gels that break or rupture, or those that lose their own weight and are difficult to stand on their own, are evaluated as having slightly inferior handling, and are marked with a “ ⁇ ” symbol in FIG.
  • the two samples indicated by the triangular marks ruptured immediately after the start of measurement or before applying tensile stress, and did not meet the allowable handling standard.
  • the threshold value of breaking strength is 16 kPa
  • the threshold value of breaking elongation is 150%.
  • breaking strength when the breaking strength is larger than 16 kPa, or when the breaking elongation is larger than 150%, it is acceptable as the polymer material 11. It is more desirable that the breaking strength is 87 kPa or more, or the breaking elongation is 275% or more.
  • Shear modulus varies depending on the physical properties of PVC, which is the raw material, and the type and amount of plasticizer.
  • the degree of polymerization which is one of the physical properties of PVC raw materials, has a great influence.
  • the higher the degree of polymerization the longer the molecular chains and the greater the entanglement of the molecular chains in the gel, thus increasing the shear modulus, breaking strength, and breaking elongation.
  • the degree of polymerization is too large, the shear modulus becomes too high and the polymer gel is difficult to be displaced.
  • the degree of polydispersity (Mw / Mn) is about 1.8 to 2.5 for normal PVC and about 2.5 to 5.5 for cross-linking with a low degree of cross-linking.
  • the shear modulus tends to be low for the average degree of polymerization.
  • the degree of polydispersity can be changed from 1.8 to more than 5.5 depending on the combination of PVCs to be mixed.
  • the range of shear modulus suitable as the polymer material 11 used for the optical element 10 is 11 kPa or less.
  • THF is mixed with PVC and a plasticizer (DBA, etc.) at a constant ratio, and the types and composition ratios of the PVC raw material and the plasticizer are changed.
  • DBA plasticizer
  • the lower the degree of polymerization the smaller the shear modulus.
  • the behavior of the elastic modulus with respect to the degree of polymerization may change when the PVC raw material contains a branched structure, a crosslinked structure, or a copolymer component. If there are many branched structures, the elastic modulus tends to be lower than that of a linear structure having the same degree of polymerization. Further, when a crosslinked structure having a low degree of crosslinking (crosslinking points on average of 2 or less per molecule) is introduced to the extent that solubility is not lost (THF insoluble gel content is less than 0.2 wt%), shearing is performed at the same degree of polymerization. The elastic modulus tends to be low. However, if the THF-insoluble gel content exceeds 0.2 wt%, it becomes difficult to prepare a uniform gel, which is not preferable.
  • the range of physical properties of the polymer material 11 suitable for the optical element 10 is specified by primarily considering the displacement due to the voltage response and secondarily considering the ease of handling, the reproducibility of the light scattering body, and the like. be able to.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the measurement of the change in elastic modulus due to the application of voltage.
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram of a measuring device
  • FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating stress applied to a sample.
  • the measuring device of FIG. 10 (a) is substantially the same as the device for measuring the shear modulus described with reference to FIG. 7.
  • the surface of the parallel plate of the rotary rheometer that comes into contact with the sample S is electrically insulated.
  • a polymer gel film is cut to a diameter of 8 mm, sandwiched between jigs of a rotary rheometer 8 mm diameter parallel plate, and a force of 50 grams is applied in the vertical direction. ..
  • FIG. 11 shows the measurement result of FIG.
  • a polymer gel in which PVC (TH3800) and a plasticizer (DBA) are mixed at a ratio of 1/5 is used.
  • PVC TH3800
  • DBA plasticizer
  • the shear modulus of the PVC gel increases due to the application of voltage is that the polymer gel is pulled by the electrode, making it difficult for the sample S to rotate, and for the measuring instrument, the gel becomes hard (the elastic modulus increases). It is considered that it may have been detected.
  • the shear modulus of the polymer gel is apparently increased by applying a voltage.
  • an appropriate range of shear modulus is specified without applying a voltage.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a display system 150 using the microlens array 100 of FIG.
  • the microlens array 100 can be applied to the projection optical system of the display system 150 in which the display panel, screen, poster, signboard, sign, etc. are used as the display medium 120.
  • an array of a plurality of light scattering bodies 15 is formed on the surface 13s of the electrode 13.
  • the physical property values of the polymer material 11 are adjusted to a range in which displacement is possible and the reproducibility of the light scattering body 15 can be maintained well. Since the light scattering body 15 is reproducibly formed on the surface of the microlens array 100 by applying a voltage, an image can be formed on a desired focal plane FP.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the lighting device 250 using the microlens array 100 of the embodiment.
  • the lighting device 250 has a light source 230 such as an LED lamp and a microlens array 100 arranged in front of the output side of the light source 230.
  • a light source 230 such as an LED lamp
  • a microlens array 100 arranged in front of the output side of the light source 230.
  • the microlens array 100 it is possible to control light diffusion and convert diffused light into parallel light while maintaining high brightness.
  • the optical element of the embodiment or the microlens array 100 having a plurality of light scattering bodies 15 in the vicinity of the output surface of the fine light emitting element, the present invention is applied to a lighting device for a microscope, an industrial use, or the like. You can also do it.
  • the microlens array 100 is formed as thin as 1 mm or less and both the anode and the cathode can be made transparent, it can be applied to an ultra-thin camera, a head-mounted display (HMD), a microlens array (MLA) sheet, and the like. In addition, it can be applied to the medical field such as an endoscope system.
  • the optical element 10 having a single light scatterer 15 can also be applied to a light diffusion sheet, a lens sheet, and the like in the fields of medicine and image formation.
  • a predetermined amount of ionic liquid may be added to the polymer material 11. By adding the ionic liquid, the driving voltage of the optical element 10 or the microlens array 100 can be reduced, and the deformation efficiency of the polymer material can be increased.
  • 1-ethyl- 3-Methylimidazolium disianamide
  • TBP-BF 4 tetrafluoroborate
  • the arrangement of the light scatterers 15 is not limited to the matrix-like arrangement, and may be staggered arrangements.
  • the shape of the opening 14 of the electrode 13 may be hexagonal and finely arranged.
  • the microlens array 100 can also be expanded to have a light scatterer 15 on both sides.
  • An electrode 13 as a cathode is used as a common electrode, layers of a polymer material 11 are arranged on both sides of the electrode 13, and sandwiched between two electrodes 12 serving as anodes.
  • the light scattering body 15 can be formed on the surface of the electrode 13 with good reproducibility.
  • Non-conductive region 100 Microlens array 120 Display medium 150 Display System 250 lighting device

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Overhead Projectors And Projection Screens (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément optique dont les caractéristiques et/ou la forme peuvent être commandées de façon à changer, par l'utilisation d'un matériau de polymère ayant des propriétés physiques prescrites. L'élément optique comprend : une première couche d'électrode ; une deuxième couche d'électrode ; et un matériau de polymère en gel disposé entre la première couche d'électrode et la deuxième couche d'électrode. Le module de cisaillement du matériau de polymère n'est pas supérieur à 11 kPa lorsque aucune tension ne lui est appliquée. Lorsqu'une tension est appliquée au matériau de polymère, le matériau forme un corps de diffusion de lumière sur la surface de la première couche d'électrode.
PCT/JP2020/024735 2019-06-28 2020-06-24 Élément optique et réseau de microlentilles Ceased WO2020262430A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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JP2019-122264 2019-06-28
JP2019122264 2019-06-28
JP2020-107458 2020-06-23
JP2020107458A JP2021009365A (ja) 2019-06-28 2020-06-23 光学素子、及びマイクロレンズアレイ

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62148901A (ja) * 1985-12-23 1987-07-02 Canon Inc 光学材料
JP2006064951A (ja) * 2004-08-26 2006-03-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 光学素子、レンズユニット、および撮像装置
WO2009123606A1 (fr) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-08 Louisiana Tech Univ. Research Foundation As A Division Of The Louisiana Tech Univ. Foundation, Inc. Système de lentille à longueur focale variable et grand angle
WO2016133278A1 (fr) * 2015-02-17 2016-08-25 한국기술교육대학교 산학협력단 Lentille accordable à base de polymère, polymère électro-actif associé, et son procédé de fabrication
JP2017062488A (ja) * 2013-03-18 2017-03-30 ポライト アーエス 透明な光学装置構造

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62148901A (ja) * 1985-12-23 1987-07-02 Canon Inc 光学材料
JP2006064951A (ja) * 2004-08-26 2006-03-09 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 光学素子、レンズユニット、および撮像装置
WO2009123606A1 (fr) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-08 Louisiana Tech Univ. Research Foundation As A Division Of The Louisiana Tech Univ. Foundation, Inc. Système de lentille à longueur focale variable et grand angle
JP2017062488A (ja) * 2013-03-18 2017-03-30 ポライト アーエス 透明な光学装置構造
WO2016133278A1 (fr) * 2015-02-17 2016-08-25 한국기술교육대학교 산학협력단 Lentille accordable à base de polymère, polymère électro-actif associé, et son procédé de fabrication

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