WO2020138207A1 - ガスバリア性積層体 - Google Patents
ガスバリア性積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020138207A1 WO2020138207A1 PCT/JP2019/050923 JP2019050923W WO2020138207A1 WO 2020138207 A1 WO2020138207 A1 WO 2020138207A1 JP 2019050923 W JP2019050923 W JP 2019050923W WO 2020138207 A1 WO2020138207 A1 WO 2020138207A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas barrier
- layer
- group
- barrier laminate
- underlayer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/048—Forming gas barrier coatings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/44—Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polycarbonamides, polyesteramides or polyimides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gas barrier laminate that is preferably used as a member for electronic devices such as liquid crystal displays and electroluminescence (EL) displays.
- electronic devices such as liquid crystal displays and electroluminescence (EL) displays.
- a transparent plastic film for a display such as a liquid crystal display or an electroluminescence (EL) display, it has been considered to use a transparent plastic film in place of a glass plate in order to realize thinning, weight reduction, and flexibility.
- a plastic film is more permeable to water vapor, oxygen, etc. than a glass plate, and when a transparent plastic film is used as a substrate for a display, the water vapor, oxygen, etc. that permeate the substrate act on the elements inside the display device.
- a film having a property of suppressing permeation of water vapor and oxygen as a substrate of a display.
- gas barrier property the property of suppressing permeation of water vapor and oxygen
- gas barrier film the film having gas barrier property
- gas barrier laminate the laminate having gas barrier property
- Patent Document 1 discloses a gas barrier film having a gas barrier layer on one surface of a cured resin layer, wherein the cured resin layer comprises a thermoplastic resin having a glass transition temperature of 140° C. or higher and a curable monomer.
- a gas barrier film which is a layer composed of a cured product of a curable resin composition contained therein, has been proposed.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a gas barrier laminate having high bending resistance and excellent gas barrier properties, which is suitably used as a member for electronic devices.
- the present inventors have conducted extensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, a gas barrier laminate having a process film, an underlayer, and a gas barrier layer in this order, wherein the underlayer is a polymer.
- a layer formed of a cured product of a curable resin composition containing the component (A) and the curable component (B), and the absolute value of the heat shrinkage rate of the gas barrier laminate and the elongation at break of the underlayer are predetermined. It was found that the above problems can be solved by setting the value to be the value, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [6].
- a gas barrier laminate comprising a step film, a base layer, and a gas barrier layer in this order,
- the underlayer is a layer formed of a cured product of a curable resin composition containing a polymer component (A) and a curable component (B),
- a gas barrier laminate wherein the gas barrier laminate satisfies the following requirements (1) and (2).
- (1) The absolute value of the thermal shrinkage of the gas barrier laminate is 0.5% or less.
- the breaking elongation of the gas barrier laminate is 1.9% or more.
- the gas barrier laminate according to [1], wherein the underlayer has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- preferable rules can be arbitrarily selected, and combinations of preferable rules can be said to be more preferable.
- the description “XX to YY” means “XX or more and YY or less”.
- the lower limit value and the upper limit value described stepwise for the preferable numerical range can be independently combined.
- the “preferable lower limit value (10)” and the “more preferable upper limit value (60)” are combined to obtain “10 to 60".
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
- a gas barrier laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a process film, a base layer, and a gas barrier layer in this order.
- the underlayer is a layer formed of a cured product of a curable resin composition containing the polymer component (A) and the curable component (B), and the gas barrier laminate has the following requirement [1] and [2] is satisfied.
- the absolute value of the thermal shrinkage of the gas barrier laminate is 0.5% or less.
- the breaking elongation of the gas barrier laminate is 1.9% or more.
- the base layer is a cured product of the curable resin composition, whereby the base layer has excellent solvent resistance.
- the coating film is a coating film obtained by applying the coating material onto a substrate or an object and subjecting it to treatment such as drying or curing by heating if necessary.
- the gas barrier layer is used as a coating film, it is a coating film obtained by applying a coating material containing a component for forming a gas barrier layer, which will be described later, onto the undercoat layer and performing curing by drying or heating.
- the curable resin composition is applied to an object to be coated such as a process film, and either or both of curing treatments such as drying and heating and irradiation with active energy rays are performed. It is a film obtained by performing. Further, by satisfying the above requirement [1], shrinkage of the gas barrier laminate during heating is suppressed. Therefore, for example, when the gas barrier layer is formed on the underlayer by applying the material forming the gas barrier layer and heating and drying, the gas barrier layer is contracted by the underlayer and the precursor of the gas barrier layer. It can be avoided that the gas barrier property is lowered due to the deformation.
- the thermal contraction rate of the gas barrier laminate is determined by setting the gas barrier laminate in a thermomechanical analyzer, raising the temperature to 130° C. at 5° C./min, and then cooling to room temperature at 5° C./min.
- it is a value obtained by measuring the rate of change of displacement in the longitudinal direction before and after heating the underlayer, and it is measured in detail by the procedure shown in the examples.
- the breaking elongation of the underlayer is a value measured according to JIS K7127:1999, and more specifically, it is measured by the procedure shown in the examples.
- the underlayer of the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises a cured product of a curable resin composition containing a polymer component (A) and a curable component (B).
- the underlayer may be a single layer or may include a plurality of laminated layers.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer component (A) is preferably 250° C. or higher, more preferably 290° C. or higher, still more preferably 320° C. or higher.
- Tg is 250° C. or higher, the heat shrinkage of the underlayer is suppressed, and as a result, it becomes easy to adjust the heat shrinkage rate of the gas barrier laminate to the range described above (that is, the above requirement [1]). Easier to meet).
- Tg is the maximum point of tan ⁇ (loss elastic modulus/storage elastic modulus) obtained by viscoelasticity measurement (measurement in a tensile mode at a frequency of 11 Hz and a temperature rising rate of 3° C./minute in a range of 0 to 250° C.). Refers to temperature.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer component (A) is usually 100,000 to 3,000,000, preferably 200,000 to 2,000,000, and more preferably 250,000 to 2,000. 000, particularly preferably 500,000 to 1,000,000.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) is preferably in the range of 1.0 to 5.0, more preferably 2.0 to 4.5.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) are polystyrene-converted values measured by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) method. By setting the Mw to 100,000 or more, it becomes easy to increase the breaking elongation of the underlayer.
- thermoplastic resin As the polymer component (A), a thermoplastic resin is preferable, and an amorphous thermoplastic resin is more preferable.
- the amorphous thermoplastic resin By using the amorphous thermoplastic resin, it is easy to obtain a base layer having excellent optical isotropy, and it is easy to obtain a gas barrier laminate having excellent transparency. Further, since the amorphous thermoplastic resin is generally easily dissolved in an organic solvent, the underlayer can be efficiently formed by using the solution casting method as described later.
- the amorphous thermoplastic resin refers to a thermoplastic resin whose melting point is not observed in differential scanning calorimetry.
- the polymer component (A) is soluble in a general organic solvent having a low boiling point such as benzene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). If it is soluble in a general-purpose organic solvent, it becomes easy to form the underlayer by coating.
- a general organic solvent having a low boiling point such as benzene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). If it is soluble in a general-purpose organic solvent, it becomes easy to form the underlayer by coating.
- the polymer component (A) is an amorphous thermoplastic resin having a Tg of 250° C. or higher, which is soluble in a general organic solvent having a low boiling point such as benzene and MEK.
- thermoplastic resin having a ring structure such as an aromatic ring structure or an alicyclic structure is preferable, and a thermoplastic resin having an aromatic ring structure is more preferable.
- polymer component (A) examples include polyimide resin and polyarylate resin. These resins generally have a high Tg and excellent heat resistance, and since they are amorphous thermoplastic resins, they are capable of forming a coating film by a solution casting method. Among these, a polyimide resin is preferable because it has a high Tg and excellent heat resistance, and that it is easy to obtain a resin that is soluble in a general-purpose organic solvent while exhibiting good heat resistance.
- the polyimide resin is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- an aromatic polyimide resin an aromatic (carboxylic acid component)-cyclic aliphatic (diamine component) polyimide resin, a cyclic fat A group (carboxylic acid component)-aromatic (diamine component) polyimide resin, a cycloaliphatic polyimide resin, a fluorinated aromatic polyimide resin, or the like can be used.
- a polyimide resin having a fluoro group in the molecule is preferable.
- the Tg of a polyimide resin is 250° C. or higher.
- a polyimide resin obtained by using an aromatic diamine compound and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride to polymerize into a polyamic acid and undergo a chemical imidization reaction is preferable.
- a polyimide having a predetermined transparency which is soluble in a common solvent (for example, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC)) by a reaction with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride used together.
- a common solvent for example, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC)
- aromatic diamine compound can be used as long as it is an aromatic diamine compound that gives Specifically, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 3,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,4′ -Diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone, 3 , 3'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane,
- aromatic diamine compounds may be used alone or two or more kinds of aromatic diamine compounds may be used.
- preferable aromatic diamine compounds are 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 2,2 -Bis(3-aminophenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 2-(3-aminophenyl)-2-(4-aminophenyl)-1,1,1,3 ,3,3-Hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis[4- (4-Aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis[3-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1,1,3,3 3,3-hexafluoropropane
- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride a tetracarboxylic acid which is soluble in a common solvent (for example, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC)) and gives a polyimide having a predetermined transparency, like the aromatic diamine compound.
- a common solvent for example, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC)
- DMAC N,N-dimethylacetamide
- Any dianhydride can be used, and specifically, 4,4′-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane-2,2-diyl)diphthalic acid dianhydride can be used.
- the polymerization to polyamic acid can be performed by reacting the above aromatic diamine compound and tetracarboxylic dianhydride in a solvent in which the polyamic acid to be produced is soluble.
- Solvents used for polymerization into polyamic acid include N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like. Can be used.
- the polymerization reaction to polyamic acid is preferably carried out while stirring in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer.
- a reaction is carried out by adding tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride while stirring, to obtain a polyamic acid
- the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is dissolved in the solvent
- a method of adding an aromatic diamine compound while reacting to obtain a polyamic acid a method of alternately charging an aromatic diamine compound and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and reacting to obtain a polyamic acid, etc.
- a method of adding an aromatic diamine compound while reacting to obtain a polyamic acid a method of alternately charging an aromatic diamine compound and a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and reacting to obtain a polyamic acid, etc.
- the temperature of the polymerization reaction into the polyamic acid is not particularly limited, but it is preferably carried out at a temperature of 0 to 70°C, more preferably 10 to 60°C, still more preferably 20 to 50°C. By carrying out the polymerization reaction within the above range, it is possible to obtain a high-molecular-weight polyamic acid with little coloration and excellent transparency.
- the aromatic diamine compound and the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride used for polymerization into the polyamic acid are used in approximately equimolar amounts, but in order to control the degree of polymerization of the polyamic acid obtained, the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is used. It is also possible to change the molar amount of the above/the molar amount of the aromatic diamine compound (molar ratio) within the range of 0.95 to 1.05.
- the molar ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the aromatic diamine compound is preferably in the range of 1.001 to 1.02, more preferably 1.001 to 1.01.
- the concentration of the polyamic acid solution to be generated is preferably adjusted to an appropriate concentration (for example, about 10 to 30% by mass) so that the viscosity of the solution can be kept appropriate and handling in subsequent steps is easy.
- an imidizing agent to the obtained polyamic acid solution to carry out a chemical imidization reaction.
- carboxylic acid anhydrides such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and benzoic anhydride can be used, and they are anhydrous from the viewpoint of cost and ease of removal after the reaction.
- the equivalent amount of the imidizing agent used is equal to or more than the equivalent amount of the amide bond of the polyamic acid that undergoes the chemical imidization reaction, and is preferably 1.1 to 5 times the equivalent amount of the amide bond, and is 1.5 to 4 times. Is more preferable.
- the imidization reaction can be efficiently performed even at a relatively low temperature.
- aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic tertiary amines such as pyridine, picoline, quinoline, isoquinoline, trimethylamine and triethylamine can be used as imidization promoters.
- the imidization reaction can be efficiently performed at a low temperature, and as a result, it becomes possible to suppress coloration during the imidization reaction, and it becomes easier to obtain a more transparent polyimide.
- the chemical imidization reaction temperature is not particularly limited, but it is preferably performed at 10°C or higher and lower than 50°C, more preferably 15°C or higher and lower than 45°C.
- a poor solvent for the polyimide is added to the polyimide solution obtained by the chemical imidization reaction to precipitate the polyimide to form a powder, and the powder is dried.
- the polyimide resin is preferably capable of being a low boiling point organic solvent such as benzene or MEK, and more preferably soluble in MEK. When it is soluble in MEK, a layer of the curable resin composition can be easily formed by coating and drying.
- a polyimide resin containing a fluoro group is preferable from the viewpoints of being easily dissolved in a general-purpose organic solvent having a low boiling point such as MEK and easily forming a base layer by a coating method.
- a general-purpose organic solvent having a low boiling point such as MEK
- the polyimide resin having a fluoro group an aromatic polyimide resin having a fluoro group in the molecule is preferable, and one having a skeleton represented by the following chemical formula in the molecule is preferable.
- the polyimide resin having the skeleton represented by the above chemical formula has an extremely high Tg exceeding 300° C. due to the high rigidity of the skeleton. Therefore, the heat resistance of the underlayer can be greatly improved. Further, the skeleton is linear and has relatively high flexibility, and it becomes easy to increase the breaking elongation of the underlayer. Further, the polyimide resin having the above skeleton has a fluoro group, so that it can be dissolved in a low boiling point general-purpose organic solvent such as MEK. Therefore, the undercoat layer can be formed as a coating film by applying the solution using the solution casting method, and the solvent can be easily removed by drying.
- Polyimide resins having a skeleton represented by the above chemical formula include 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl and 4,4′-(1,1,1,3,3,3 -Hexafluoropropane-2,2-diyl)diphthalic acid dianhydride, and can be obtained by the polymerization and imidization reaction of the above polyamic acid.
- the polyarylate resin is a resin composed of a polymer compound obtained by reacting an aromatic diol with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid or its chloride.
- the polyarylate resin also has a relatively high Tg and relatively good elongation characteristics.
- the Tg of the polyarylate resin is in the range of about 170 to 300° C., and depending on its structure, there is Tg of 250° C. or more.
- the polyarylate resin is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used.
- aromatic diols include bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane [bisphenol F], bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 1,1-bis(4′-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 1, 1-bis(3'-methyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, 2,2-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propane [bisphenol A], 2,2-bis(3'-methyl-4'-hydroxy) Bis(hydroxyphenyl)alkanes such as phenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4′-hydroxyphenyl)butane, and 2,2-bis(4′-hydroxyphenyl)octane; 1,1-bis(4′- Bis(hydroxy) such as hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentane, 1,1-bis(4′-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane [bisphenol Z], 1,1-bis(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane Phenyl)cycloalkanes
- aromatic dicarboxylic acids or chlorides thereof include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, diphenoxyethanedicarboxylic acid, diphenylether 4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4′- Examples thereof include diphenyl sulfone dicarboxylic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and chlorides thereof.
- the polyarylate-based resin used may be a modified polyarylate-based resin.
- the polyarylate resin is preferably a resin made of a polymer compound obtained by the reaction of 2,2-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propane and isophthalic acid.
- the polymer component (A) may be used singly or in combination of two or more, but one using a single kind of polyimide resin, one using a plurality of different kinds of polyimide resins, and polyimide It is preferable to add at least one of a polyamide resin and a polyarylate resin to the resin from the viewpoint of adjusting the elongation property and the solvent resistance.
- polyamide resin those soluble in an organic solvent are preferable, and rubber-modified polyamide resin is preferable.
- rubber-modified polyamide resin for example, those described in JP-A-2004-035638 can be used.
- the amount of the resin added is preferably 100 relative to 100 parts by weight of the polyimide resin from the viewpoint of imparting appropriate flexibility while maintaining a high Tg.
- the amount is not more than 70 parts by mass, more preferably not more than 70 parts by mass, further preferably not more than 50 parts by mass, still more preferably not more than 30 parts by mass, and preferably not less than 1 part by mass, more preferably not less than 3 parts by mass.
- the curable component (B) is a component that can participate in the polymerization reaction, or the polymerization reaction and the crosslinking reaction, and has, for example, a polymerizable unsaturated bond, and is involved in the polymerization reaction or the polymerization reaction and the crosslinking reaction. It is the monomer to be obtained.
- curing means a broad concept including this "polymerization reaction of monomers” or “polymerization reaction of monomers and subsequent crosslinking reaction of polymer”.
- the curable component (B) has a molecular weight of usually 3,000 or less, preferably 200 to 2,000, more preferably 200 to 1,000.
- the number of polymerizable unsaturated bonds in the curable component (B) is not particularly limited.
- the curable component (B) may be a monofunctional monomer having one polymerizable unsaturated bond or a polyfunctional monomer having a plurality of difunctional or trifunctional monomers. Good.
- Examples of the monofunctional monomers include monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivatives.
- the monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative is not particularly limited, and known compounds can be used. Examples thereof include monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivatives having a nitrogen atom, monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivatives having an alicyclic structure, and monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivatives having a polyether structure. ..
- the monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative having a nitrogen atom includes compounds represented by the following formula.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent an organic group having a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 12
- R 2 and R 3 may combine with each other to form a ring structure
- R 4 represents a divalent organic group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 1 include a methyl group, an ethyl group and a propyl group, and a methyl group is preferable.
- Examples of the organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 2 and R 3 include an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group and propyl group; cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like, And cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 12 carbon atoms; aromatic groups having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as phenyl group, biphenyl group and naphthyl group. These groups may have a substituent at any position. Further, R 2 and R 3 may combine to form a ring, and the ring may further have a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom in the skeleton. Examples of the divalent organic group represented by R 4 include groups represented by —(CH 2 ) m — and —NH—(CH 2 ) m —. Here, m is an integer of 1 to 10.
- (meth)acryloylmorpholine represented by the following formula is preferable as the monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative having a nitrogen atom.
- the monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative having an alicyclic structure includes compounds represented by the following formula.
- R 1 has the same meaning as described above, and R 5 is a group having an alicyclic structure.
- R 5 is a group having an alicyclic structure. Examples of the group having an alicyclic structure represented by R 5 include a cyclohexyl group, an isobornyl group, a 1-adamantyl group, a 2-adamantyl group and a tricyclodecanyl group.
- monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative having an alicyclic structure examples include isobornyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 1-adamantyl (meth)acrylate, and 2-adamantyl (meth)acrylate. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivatives having a polyether structure include compounds represented by the following formula.
- R 1 has the same meaning as described above, and R 6 represents an organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the organic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms represented by R 6 include alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as methyl group, ethyl group and propyl group; and 3 to 12 carbon atoms such as cyclohexyl group. Examples thereof include a cycloalkyl group; an aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as a phenyl group, a biphenyl group and a naphthyl group; j represents an integer of 2 to 20.
- the monofunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative having a polyether structure examples include ethoxylated o-phenylphenol (meth)acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, and phenoxypolyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate. ..
- an underlayer having excellent toughness can be formed.
- polyfunctional monomers examples include polyfunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivatives.
- the polyfunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative is not particularly limited, and known compounds can be used.
- a bifunctional to hexafunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative may be mentioned.
- Examples of the bifunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative include compounds represented by the following formula.
- R 1 has the same meaning as described above, and R 7 represents a divalent organic group.
- R 7 represents a divalent organic group. Examples of the divalent organic group represented by R 7 include groups represented by the following formula.
- s represents an integer of 1 to 20
- t represents an integer of 1 to 30
- u and v each independently represent an integer of 1 to 30, and “ ⁇ ” at both ends represents Represents a bond.
- bifunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative represented by the above formula examples include tricyclodecane dimethanol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, propoxylated ethoxylated bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate. , Ethoxylated bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate, 1,10-decanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, 9,9-bis[4-(2-acryloyloxyethoxy) Phenyl]fluorene and the like.
- a divalent organic group represented by R 7 in the above formula has a tricyclodecane skeleton, such as tricyclodecane dimethanol di(meth)acrylate, and propoxy.
- Ethoxylated bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A di(meth)acrylate, etc. in which the divalent organic group represented by R 7 in the above formula has a bisphenol skeleton, 9,9-bis
- a divalent organic group represented by R 7 has a 9,9-bisphenylfluorene skeleton, such as [4-(2-acryloyloxyethoxy)phenyl]fluorene.
- neopentyl glycol adipate di(meth)acrylate hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, caprolactone-modified dicyclopentenyl di(meth)acrylate
- examples thereof include ethylene oxide-modified di(meth)acrylate phosphate, di(acryloxyethyl)isocyanurate, and allylated cyclohexyl di(meth)acrylate.
- Trifunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivatives include trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, propionic acid-modified dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, and propylene oxide-modified trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate.
- Examples of the tetrafunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative include pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate.
- Examples of the pentafunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative include propionic acid-modified dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate.
- Examples of the hexafunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative include dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate and caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate.
- the curable component (B) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the curable component (B) is preferably a polyfunctional monomer because it provides an underlayer having excellent heat resistance and solvent resistance.
- the polyfunctional monomer a bifunctional (meth)acrylic acid derivative is preferable from the viewpoint that it is easily mixed with the polymer component (A), curling of the polymer hardly occurs and curling of the cured product can be suppressed. .
- the curable component (B) contains a polyfunctional monomer, its content is preferably 40% by mass or more, more preferably 50 to 100% by mass, based on the total amount of the curable component (B). More preferably, it is 100% by mass.
- the curable component (B) preferably contains a cyclopolymerizable monomer.
- the cyclopolymerizable monomer is a monomer having a property of radical polymerization while undergoing cyclization. Cyclic polymerizable monomers grow into linear macromolecules by forming a ring structure in the molecule by polymerization, but the solvent resistance of the underlying layer is higher than that of general monofunctional curable monomers. The heat resistance can be improved.
- One of the reasons for this is that, in the case of a polymer of a cyclopolymerizable monomer, a ring structure is formed in the polymer chain, which makes the molecule stiffer than a general linear polymer, which results in an underlayer.
- the heat resistance of is improved.
- the molecular design is designed so that the intramolecular cyclization reaction occurs selectively, but some monomers undergo intermolecular reaction, and the structural units derived from that monomer do not react. Functional groups remain. When this reactive functional group reacts with another monomer, branching of the polymer chain occurs, and a crosslinked structure is formed in the polymer of the cyclopolymerizable monomer. This is considered to further improve the heat resistance of the underlayer and also improve the solvent resistance.
- cyclopolymerizable monomer examples include non-conjugated dienes, and for example, an ⁇ -allyloxymethylacrylic acid-based monomer represented by the following formula (1) can be used.
- R 8 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- the organic group is composed of a hydrocarbon and may have an ether group.
- the hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbon is halogen. Optionally substituted with atoms.
- the organic group may have a straight chain structure, a branched chain structure, or a cyclic structure.
- the hydrocarbon group contained in the organic group is not particularly limited.
- the hydrocarbon group is a chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms, a chain unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 3 or more carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 or more carbon atoms, and a carbon number 6 These are aromatic hydrocarbon groups and the like.
- the hydrocarbon group is a chain saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a chain unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms and carbon.
- the substituent is not particularly limited.
- the substituent is a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, a cyano group or a trimethylsilyl group.
- the chain saturated hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited.
- the chain saturated hydrocarbon group includes methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-amyl group, sec-amyl group.
- the chain unsaturated hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited.
- the chain unsaturated hydrocarbon group includes a crotyl group, a 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl group, a 2-methyl-butenyl group, a 3-methyl-2-butenyl group and a 3-methyl-3-group. Examples thereof include butenyl group, 2-methyl-3-butenyl group, oleyl group, linole group and linolene group.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon group includes a cyclopentyl group, a cyclopentylmethyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclohexylmethyl group, a 4-methylcyclohexyl group, a 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl group, a tricyclodecanyl group, an isobornyl group, Examples thereof include an adamantyl group, a dicyclopentanyl group, and a dicyclopentenyl group.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group is not particularly limited.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group is a phenyl group, a methylphenyl group, a dimethylphenyl group, a trimethylphenyl group, a 4-tert-butylphenyl group, a benzyl group, a diphenylmethyl group, a diphenylethyl group, a triphenylmethyl group.
- the hydrocarbon group having an ether bond is not particularly limited.
- the hydrocarbon group having an ether bond is a chain ether group such as a methoxyethyl group, a methoxyethoxyethyl group, a methoxyethoxyethoxyethyl group, a 3-methoxybutyl group, an ethoxyethyl group, an ethoxyethoxyethyl group.
- a group having both an alicyclic hydrocarbon group such as a cyclopentoxyethyl group, a cyclohexyloxyethyl group, a cyclopentoxyethoxyethyl group, a cyclohexyloxyethoxyethyl group, and a dicyclopentenyloxyethyl group and a chain ether group; phenoxyethyl Group, group having both aromatic hydrocarbon group such as phenoxyethoxyethyl group and chain ether group; glycidyl group, ⁇ -methylglycidyl group, ⁇ -ethylglycidyl group, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl group, 2-oxetanemethyl Group, 3-methyl-3-oxetanemethyl group, 3-ethyl-3-oxetanemethyl group, tetrahydrofuranyl group, tetrahydrofurfuryl group, tetrahydropyrany
- R 8 in formula (1) is preferably a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably a methyl group.
- an alkyl ester of 2-allyloxymethylacrylic acid having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and cyclohexyl 2-(allyloxymethyl)acrylic acid are preferable, and an alkyl ester of 2-allyloxymethylacrylic acid having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Methyl 2-(allyloxymethyl)acrylate is more preferable.
- cyclopolymerizable monomers include, for example, monomers represented by the following formula (2).
- X represents an oxygen atom or a methylene group
- a represents 0 or 1
- b represents 1 or 2
- c represents an integer of 1 or 2.
- R 9 represents an alkyl group having 6 or less carbon atoms. Represents.
- Examples of the cyclopolymerizable monomer represented by the formula (2) include dimethyl-2,2'-[oxybis(methylene)]bis-2-propenoate and diethyl-2,2'-[oxybis(methylene)].
- the curable component (B) more preferably contains the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound described above and a cyclopolymerizable monomer.
- the mass ratio of the cyclopolymerizable monomer and the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound is preferably 95:5 to 30:70, more preferably 90:10 to 35:65, further preferably Is 90:10 to 40:60.
- the heat shrinkage rate of the gas barrier laminate is described above while adjusting the breaking elongation of the underlayer to the above range. It becomes easier to adjust the range.
- the curable resin composition used for forming the underlayer according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises a polymer component (A), a curable component (B), and, if desired, a polymerization initiator and other components described below. It can be prepared by mixing and dissolving or dispersing in a suitable solvent.
- the total content of the polymer component (A) and the curable monomer (B) in the curable resin composition is preferably 40 to 99 based on the total mass of the curable resin composition excluding the solvent.
- the amount is 0.5% by mass, more preferably 60 to 99% by mass, and further preferably 80 to 98% by mass.
- the mass ratio of the polymer component (A): the curable monomer (B) is within such a range, the flexibility of the obtained underlayer is more easily improved, and the underlayer Solvent resistance tends to be maintained.
- the content of the curable component (B) in the curable resin composition is in the above range, for example, when the underlayer is obtained by a solution casting method or the like, the solvent can be efficiently removed, and thus the drying is performed.
- the problem of deformation such as curling and waviness due to the lengthening of the process is solved.
- the curable resin composition may contain a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator can be used without particular limitation as long as it initiates the curing reaction, and examples thereof include a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator.
- thermal polymerization initiator examples include organic peroxides and azo compounds.
- Organic peroxides include dialkyl peroxides such as di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide and dicumyl peroxide; diacyl peroxides such as acetyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide and benzoyl peroxide.
- Ketone peroxides such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone peroxide and methyl cyclohexanone peroxide; peroxyketals such as 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)cyclohexane T-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxide, p-menthane hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, 2,5-dimethylhexane-2, Hydroperoxides such as 5-dihydroperoxide; peroxys such as t-butylperoxyacetate, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxybenzoate, t-butylperoxyisopropyl carbonate Esters; and the like.
- peroxyketals such as 1,
- azo compound examples include 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2-cyclopropylpropionitrile), 2,2′-azobis(2 ,4-Dimethylvaleronitrile), azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 1,1′-azobis(cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), 2-(carbamoylazo) ) Isobutyronitrile, 2-phenylazo-4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile and the like can be mentioned.
- photopolymerization initiator examples include 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one.
- Photopolymerization initiator benzophenone, p-chlorobenzophenone, benzoylbenzoic acid, methyl o-benzoylbenzoate, 4-methylbenzophenone, 4-phenylbenzophenone, hydroxybenzophenone, acrylated benzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyl-diphenyl Benzophenones such as sulfide, 3,3'-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone, 4-(13-acryloyl-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxatridecyl)-benzophenone -Based photopolymerization initiators: thioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 3-methylthioxanthone, 2,4-dime Thioxanthone-based photopolymerization initiators such as tylthioxanthone, 2,4-diisopropylthioxanthone
- 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide, ethyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)- Phosphorus photopolymerization initiators such as phenylphosphinate and bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethyl-pentylphosphine oxide are preferable.
- the polymer component (A) is a thermoplastic resin having an aromatic ring
- the polymer component (A) absorbs ultraviolet rays, and as a result, a curing reaction may be difficult to occur.
- the curing reaction can be efficiently progressed by utilizing the light of the wavelength which is not absorbed by the polymer component (A).
- the polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the polymerization initiator is preferably 0.05 to 15% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass, and further preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass, based on the entire curable resin composition.
- the curable resin composition also includes a photopolymerization initiation aid such as triisopropanolamine or 4,4′-diethylaminobenzophenone. You may contain the agent.
- a photopolymerization initiation aid such as triisopropanolamine or 4,4′-diethylaminobenzophenone. You may contain the agent.
- the solvent used for preparing the curable resin composition is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-hexane and n-heptane; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene; dichloromethane.
- Halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as ethylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, monochlorobenzene; alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 2 -Pentanone, isophorone, cyclohexanone and other ketone solvents; ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and other ester solvents; ethyl cellosolve and other cellosolve solvents; 1,3-dioxolane and other ether solvents;
- Halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as ethylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, monochlorobenzene
- alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, propylene glycol monomethyl
- the content of the solvent in the curable resin composition is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 to 1,000 g, preferably 1 to 100 g per 1 g of the polymer component (A). By appropriately adjusting the amount of the solvent, the viscosity of the curable resin composition can be adjusted to an appropriate value.
- the curable resin composition may further contain known additives such as a plasticizer, an antioxidant and an ultraviolet absorber within a range that does not impair the objects and effects of the present invention.
- the method for curing the curable resin composition can be appropriately determined according to the type of polymerization initiator or curable monomer used. Details will be described in the section of the method for producing a gas barrier laminate of the present invention described later.
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention preferably satisfies the following requirement [2′].
- the breaking elongation of the underlayer is 2.5% or more.
- the upper limit of the breaking elongation of the underlayer is not particularly limited, but is usually 20% or less, preferably 15% or less.
- the breaking elongation can be improved while maintaining the elastic modulus at a high temperature relatively high, and the requirement [2′] is easily satisfied.
- the gas barrier properties of the gas barrier laminate will tend to deteriorate.
- the reduction of the gas barrier property was suppressed by suppressing the absolute value of the heat shrinkage ratio within a certain range. This is because the underlayer is affected by heat, and for example, when the underlayer is deformed in the plane direction by heating when forming the gas barrier layer by coating, the heat shrinkage ratio should be within a predetermined range. It seems that the above phenomenon can be suppressed by selecting materials, etc.
- a polyimide resin is used as the polymer component (A), a flexible skeleton is introduced by further adding a polyamide resin, or the polymer component (A) is added. It is effective to increase the molecular weight of ##STR3## or to use a cyclopolymerizable monomer as the curable component (B) to reduce the proportion of aromatic rings present and improve the elongation characteristics of the underlayer.
- a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound and a cyclopolymerizable monomer in combination it is possible to increase the network structure, or as the polymerizable component (A), use a rigid resin represented by a polyimide resin. Therefore, by selecting one having a high glass transition temperature, it is possible to form an underlayer suitable for the above requirement [1].
- the thickness of the underlayer is not particularly limited and may be determined according to the purpose of the gas barrier laminate.
- the thickness of the underlayer is usually 0.1 to 300 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.2 to It is 10 ⁇ m.
- the underlayer has a thickness of, for example, about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, it is possible to prevent the thickness of the gas barrier laminate from increasing, and it is possible to obtain a thin gas barrier laminate.
- a thin gas-barrier laminate is preferable because it is not a factor for increasing the thickness of the entire applied device in an application such as an organic EL display where thinning is required. Further, if the gas barrier laminate is thin, the flexibility and bending resistance of the gas barrier laminate after mounting can be improved.
- the base layer has excellent solvent resistance. Since the solvent resistance is excellent, for example, even when an organic solvent is used when forming another layer on the surface of the underlayer, the surface of the underlayer is hardly dissolved. Therefore, for example, even when the gas barrier layer is formed on the surface of the underlayer using a resin solution containing an organic solvent, the components of the underlayer are less likely to mix into the gas barrier layer, and therefore the gas barrier property is less likely to deteriorate.
- the gel fraction of the underlayer is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 94% or more. Since the underlayer having a gel fraction of 90% or more has excellent solvent resistance, even when an organic solvent is used for forming another layer on the underlayer surface by coating, the underlayer surface is It is possible to easily obtain a gas barrier layered product which is hardly dissolved and has excellent solvent resistance.
- the gel fraction means that the underlayer cut into 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm is wrapped with a nylon mesh (#120) of 150 mm ⁇ 150 mm whose mass is measured in advance, dipped in toluene (100 mL) for 3 days, and taken out. After being dried at 120° C. for 1 hour and then left at 23° C. and 50% relative humidity for 3 hours to adjust the humidity, the mass is measured and obtained by the following formula.
- the base layer has excellent interlayer adhesion with the gas barrier layer. That is, the gas barrier layer can be formed without providing the anchor coat layer on the underlayer.
- the base layer is preferably colorless and transparent. Since the underlayer is colorless and transparent, the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention can be preferably used for optical applications.
- the underlayer has a low birefringence and is excellent in optical isotropy.
- the in-plane retardation of the underlayer is usually 20 nm or less, preferably 15 nm or less.
- the retardation in the thickness direction is usually -500 nm or less, preferably -450 nm or less.
- the value (birefringence) obtained by dividing the in-plane retardation by the thickness of the underlayer is usually 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 or less, preferably 20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 or less. If the in-plane retardation of the underlayer, the retardation in the thickness direction, and the birefringence are within the above ranges, a gas barrier laminate having a low birefringence and excellent optical isotropy can be obtained.
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment can be preferably used for optical applications.
- the absolute value of the heat shrinkage rate of the underlayer is 0.5% or less, preferably 0.3% or less, and more preferably 0.2% or less.
- the breaking elongation of the underlayer is preferably 2.5% or more, more preferably 2.6% or more, still more preferably 2.7% or more, and particularly preferably 3.0% or more.
- the breaking elongation of the underlayer is 2.5% or more, it becomes easy to adjust the breaking elongation of the gas barrier laminate to about 2% or more, and as a result, the gas barrier property is excellent in bending resistance and flexibility. A laminated body is easily obtained.
- the tensile elastic modulus at 130° C. of the underlayer is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 MPa or more, 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 MPa or more, more preferably 1.5 ⁇ 10 3 MPa% or more, further preferably 2.0. It is ⁇ 10 3 MPa or more.
- the tensile elastic modulus at 130° C. of the underlayer is 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 MPa or more, the heat resistance of the underlayer can be increased, and the water vapor permeability of the gas barrier layered product is low. In addition, it is easy to set it to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 (g ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ day ⁇ 1 ) or less.
- the underlayer has excellent heat resistance, solvent resistance, interlayer adhesion, and transparency, and also has a low birefringence rate and excellent optical isotropy. Therefore, as will be described later, by forming a gas barrier layer on the underlayer having such characteristics by, for example, a solution casting method, the gas barrier layer exhibits excellent gas barrier properties, and moreover, the gas barrier layer has excellent properties. It is also possible to prevent the gas barrier property from being impaired by at least one of heat and solvent due to at least one of heat resistance and solvent resistance. In addition, the obtained gas barrier laminate has excellent heat resistance, interlayer adhesion, and transparency. Furthermore, a gas barrier laminate having a low birefringence rate and excellent optical isotropy can be obtained.
- gas Barrier Layer The material and the like of the gas barrier layer of the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they have gas barrier properties. Examples thereof include a gas barrier layer made of an inorganic film, a gas barrier layer containing a gas barrier resin, and a gas barrier layer obtained by subjecting a layer containing a polymer compound to a modification treatment.
- the gas barrier layer is a gas barrier layer obtained by subjecting a gas barrier layer made of an inorganic film and a layer containing a polymer compound to a modification treatment because a thin layer having excellent gas barrier properties and solvent resistance can be efficiently formed. Layers are preferred.
- the inorganic film is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inorganic vapor deposition film.
- the inorganic vapor deposition film include vapor deposition films of inorganic compounds and metals.
- Inorganic oxides such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, and the like; inorganic nitrides such as silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and titanium nitride; inorganic carbides; Inorganic sulfides; inorganic oxynitrides such as silicon oxynitride; inorganic oxycarbides; inorganic nitriding carbides; inorganic oxynitriding carbides and the like.
- the raw material for the metal vapor deposition film examples include aluminum, magnesium, zinc, tin, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, from the viewpoint of gas barrier properties, inorganic oxides, inorganic nitrides or inorganic vapor-deposited films using a metal as a raw material are preferable, and from the viewpoint of transparency, inorganic oxides or inorganic nitrides using a raw material as an inorganic material. Evaporated films are preferred.
- the inorganic vapor deposition film may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- the thickness of the inorganic vapor deposition film is preferably 10 to 2,000 nm, more preferably 20 to 1,000 nm, more preferably 30 to 500 nm, further preferably 40 to 200 nm, from the viewpoint of gas barrier properties and handleability. is there.
- Examples of methods for forming an inorganic vapor deposition film include PVD (physical vapor deposition) methods such as vacuum vapor deposition, sputtering, and ion plating, thermal CVD (chemical vapor deposition), plasma CVD, and photo-CVD.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- thermal CVD chemical vapor deposition
- plasma CVD plasma CVD
- photo-CVD photo-CVD
- gas barrier resin used in the gas barrier layer containing the gas barrier resin examples include polyvinyl alcohol, partially saponified products thereof, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene and the like. Resins that are difficult to permeate oxygen and the like are mentioned.
- the thickness of the gas barrier layer containing the gas barrier resin is preferably 10 to 2,000 nm, more preferably 20 to 1,000 nm, more preferably 30 to 500 nm, further preferably 40 to 200 nm. Is.
- the gas barrier layer containing the gas barrier resin As a method for forming the gas barrier layer containing the gas barrier resin, there is a method of applying a solution containing the gas barrier resin onto the underlayer and appropriately drying the obtained coating film.
- the polymer compound used is a silicon-containing polymer compound, polyimide, polyamide, polyamide
- examples include imides, polyphenylene ethers, polyether ketones, polyether ether ketones, polyolefins, polyesters, polycarbonates, polysulfones, polyether sulfones, polyphenylene sulfides, polyarylates, acrylic resins, cycloolefin polymers, and aromatic polymers. .. These polymer compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymer compound is preferably a silicon-containing polymer compound.
- the silicon-containing polymer compound include polysilazane compounds (Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-16325, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-195024, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-81122, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-138108, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-138108) No. 84437, No. 2-175726, No. 4-63833, No. 5-238827, No. 5-345826, No. 2005-36089, No. 6-122852.
- polysilazane compounds are preferable from the viewpoint of forming a gas barrier layer having excellent gas barrier properties.
- the polysilazane-based compound include inorganic polysilazane and organic polysilazane.
- examples of the inorganic polysilazane include perhydropolysilazane and the like, and examples of the organic polysilazane include compounds in which a part or all of hydrogen of perhydropolysilazane is substituted with an organic group such as an alkyl group.
- inorganic polysilazane is more preferable from the viewpoint of availability and formation of a gas barrier layer having excellent gas barrier properties.
- the polysilazane compound a commercially available product such as a glass coating material can be used as it is.
- the polysilazane compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymer layer may contain, in addition to the above-mentioned polymer compound, other components as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- other components include curing agents, other polymers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, flame retardants and the like.
- the content of the polymer compound in the polymer layer is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of forming a gas barrier layer having excellent gas barrier properties.
- a layer-forming solution containing at least one kind of polymer compound, optionally other components, and a solvent is formed on the underlayer or optionally on the underlayer by a known method.
- a method of applying on the formed primer layer and appropriately drying the obtained coating film may be used.
- a known device such as a spin coater, a knife coater, or a gravure coater can be used.
- the heating and drying method conventionally known drying methods such as hot air drying, hot roll drying, and infrared irradiation can be adopted.
- the heating temperature is usually 80 to 150° C.
- the heating time is usually several tens of seconds to several tens of minutes.
- the gas barrier layer of the gas barrier layered product is formed, for example, when the polysilazane compound as described above is used, the conversion reaction of polysilazane occurs by heating after coating, and a coating film having excellent gas barrier properties is obtained.
- an underlayer having low heat resistance when used, there is a possibility that the underlayer may be deformed by heating when forming such a coating film. The deformation of the underlayer may adversely affect the gas barrier properties of the gas barrier layer of the gas barrier laminate.
- the underlayer according to the embodiment of the present invention has excellent heat resistance, deformation is unlikely to occur even during heating during and after coating. Therefore, it is possible to avoid deterioration of the gas barrier property of the gas barrier laminate due to the deformation of the underlayer.
- the thickness of the polymer layer is usually 20 to 1,000 nm, preferably 30 to 800 nm, more preferably 40 to 400 nm. Even if the thickness of the polymer layer is nano-order, a gas barrier laminate having sufficient gas barrier performance can be obtained by performing a modification treatment as described below. Further, it is preferable that the polymer layer is obtained by subjecting a coating film of a composition containing a silicon compound to a modification treatment. When the polymer layer is obtained by subjecting a coating film of a composition containing a silicon compound to a modification treatment, the polymer layer can be made more flexible than an inorganic film provided by vapor deposition or sputtering, for example.
- ion implantation As the modification treatment, ion implantation, vacuum ultraviolet light irradiation, etc. may be mentioned. Of these, ion implantation is preferable because high gas barrier performance can be obtained. In the ion implantation, the amount of ions to be implanted into the polymer layer may be appropriately determined according to the purpose of use (necessary gas barrier property, transparency, etc.) of the gas barrier laminate to be formed.
- Ions of rare gases such as argon, helium, neon, krypton, and xenon; ions of fluorocarbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, chlorine, fluorine, sulfur, and the like; Ions of alkane gases such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, and hexane; ions of alkenes gases such as ethylene, propylene, butene, and pentene; ions of alkadiene gases such as pentadiene and butadiene; acetylene, Ions of alkyne gases such as methylacetylene; ions of aromatic hydrocarbon gases such as benzene, toluene, xylene, indene, naphthalene, phenanthrene; ions of cycloalkane gases such as cyclopropane and cyclohexane; cyclopentene, Ions of cycloalkene-based gases
- organic silicon compound examples include tetraalkoxysilanes such as tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetra n-propoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, tetra n-butoxysilane, and tetra t-butoxysilane;
- An alkylalkoxysilane having an unsubstituted or substituted group such as dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, diethyldimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)trimethoxysilane;
- Arylalkoxysilanes such as diphenyldimethoxysilane and phenyltriethoxysilane; Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and other disiloxanes; Am
- at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, helium, neon, xenon, and krypton because it can be injected more easily and a gas barrier layer having particularly excellent gas barrier properties can be obtained. are preferred.
- the method of implanting ions is not particularly limited, but examples include a method of irradiating ions (ion beam) accelerated by an electric field and a method of implanting ions in plasma. Among them, the latter method of injecting plasma ions is preferable because a gas barrier film can be easily obtained.
- a plasma ion implantation method As a plasma ion implantation method, ( ⁇ ) a method of injecting ions existing in plasma generated by using an external electric field into a polymer layer, or ( ⁇ ) applying to the layer without using an external electric field A method of injecting into the polymer layer ions existing in the plasma generated only by the electric field generated by the negative high voltage pulse is preferable.
- the pressure during ion implantation (pressure during plasma ion implantation) be 0.01 to 1 Pa.
- the pressure at the time of plasma ion implantation is in such a range, it is possible to simply and efficiently and uniformly implant ions, and it is possible to efficiently form a desired gas barrier layer.
- the method ( ⁇ ) does not require a high degree of decompression, the processing operation is simple, and the processing time can be greatly shortened. Further, the entire layer can be uniformly processed, and ions in the plasma can be continuously injected into the polymer layer with high energy when a negative high voltage pulse is applied. Furthermore, without applying any other special means such as radio frequency (high frequency, hereinafter abbreviated as “RF”) or high frequency power source such as microwave, simply by applying a negative high voltage pulse to the layer, Good quality ions can be uniformly injected into the polymer layer.
- RF radio frequency
- microwave microwave
- the pulse width when applying a negative high voltage pulse that is, when implanting ions is preferably 1 to 15 ⁇ sec.
- the pulse width is in such a range, it is possible to more simply and efficiently implant ions uniformly.
- the applied voltage when generating plasma is preferably -1 to -50 kV, more preferably -1 to -30 kV, and particularly preferably -5 to -20 kV. If the applied voltage is lower than ⁇ 1 kV, the ion implantation amount (dose amount) becomes insufficient and it becomes difficult to obtain desired performance. On the other hand, if ion implantation is performed at a value higher than ⁇ 50 kV, the film is charged during ion implantation and defects such as coloring of the film are likely to occur, which is not preferable.
- the same species as those exemplified as the above-mentioned implanted ions can be mentioned.
- a plasma ion implanter is used to implant the ions in the plasma into the polymer layer.
- a plasma ion implantation apparatus specifically, (i) a high-frequency power is superposed on a feedthrough for applying a negative high voltage pulse to a polymer layer (hereinafter, also referred to as “ion implantation layer”).
- ion implantation layer a polymer layer
- Device for uniformly encircling a layer to be ion-implanted with plasma to attract, inject, collide, and deposit ions in the plasma Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-26887
- An antenna is provided in the chamber, and high-frequency power is supplied.
- the positive and negative pulses are alternately applied to the layer for ion implantation to attract and collide electrons in the plasma with the positive pulse.
- a device for heating a layer to be ion-implanted and controlling a pulse constant to control the temperature while applying a negative pulse to attract and inject ions in plasma Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-156013), (iii).
- the plasma ion implantation apparatus of (iii) or (iv) because the treatment operation is simple, the treatment time can be greatly shortened, and the continuous use is suitable.
- Examples of the method using the plasma ion implantation apparatus of (iii) and (iv) include those described in International Publication WO2010/021326.
- the plasma generating means for generating plasma is also used by the high-voltage pulse power source, and therefore other special means such as a high-frequency power source such as RF or microwave is used. It is possible to generate plasma by simply applying a negative high-voltage pulse without continuously, and to continuously implant ions in the plasma into the polymer layer.
- a gas barrier laminate having a molecular layer, that is, a gas barrier layer can be mass-produced.
- the thickness of the portion where the ions are injected can be controlled by the injection conditions such as the type of ions, the applied voltage, and the processing time, and is determined according to the thickness of the polymer layer, the purpose of use of the gas barrier laminate, etc. However, it is usually 5 to 1,000 nm.
- the ion implantation can be confirmed by performing elemental analysis measurement at about 10 nm from the surface of the polymer layer using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the gas barrier layer has a gas barrier property because the water vapor permeability of the gas barrier layer is small.
- the water vapor permeability of the gas barrier layer in an atmosphere of 40° C. and 90% relative humidity is usually 1.0 g/m 2 /day or less, preferably 0.8 g/m 2 /day or less, and more preferably 0 g/m 2 /day or less. It is 0.5 g/m 2 /day or less, and more preferably 0.1 g/m 2 /day or less.
- the water vapor transmission rate can be measured by a known method.
- the process film has a role of protecting the underlayer, the gas barrier layer, and the other layers described above when the gas barrier laminate is stored or transported, and is peeled off in a predetermined process. ..
- the gas barrier laminate When the gas barrier laminate has a process film, the gas barrier laminate may have a process film on one side, or may have a process film on both sides. In the latter case, it is preferable to use two types of process films so that the process film that is peeled first can be more easily peeled.
- the process film is provided on the underlayer side, it is possible to obtain a gas barrier laminate having high handling property while protecting the underlayer, as compared with the gas barrier laminate without the process film.
- the process film is preferably a sheet or film.
- the sheet-like or film-like one is not limited to a long one, but includes a short flat one.
- Examples of the process film include paper substrates such as glassine paper, coated paper, and high-quality paper; laminated paper obtained by laminating a thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene on these paper substrates; cellulose, starch, polyvinyl on the above paper substrates.
- a thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene
- cellulose, starch, polyvinyl on the above paper substrates examples thereof include those subjected to sealing treatment with alcohol, acrylic-styrene resin and the like; or polyester films such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, and plastic films such as polyolefin films such as polyethylene and polypropylene; glass and the like.
- the process film may be a paper base material or a plastic film provided with a release agent layer from the viewpoint of easy handling.
- the release layer can be formed using a conventionally known release agent such as a silicone release agent, a fluorine release agent, an alkyd release agent, and an olefin release agent.
- the thickness of the release agent layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.02 to 2.0 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.05 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the process film is preferably 1 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 300 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of easy handling.
- the surface roughness Ra (arithmetic mean roughness) of the process film is preferably 10.0 nm or less, and more preferably 8.0 nm or less. Further, the surface roughness Rt (maximum cross-sectional height) is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less. When the surface roughnesses Ra and Rt exceed 10.0 nm and 100 nm, respectively, the surface roughness of the layer in contact with the process film increases, and the gas barrier properties of the gas barrier laminate may deteriorate.
- the surface roughness Ra and Rt are values obtained by an optical interference method in a measurement area of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a process film, a base layer, and a gas barrier layer in this order.
- the process film is peeled from the gas barrier laminate and attached to a display or an electronic device for use.
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention satisfies the following requirement [1].
- the absolute value of the thermal shrinkage of the gas barrier laminate is 0.5% or less.
- a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound and a cyclized compound are used as the curable component (B) contained in the curable resin composition for forming the underlayer.
- a polymerizable monomer By using together with a polymerizable monomer, it is possible to increase the network structure, or to select, as the polymerizable component (A), one having a rigid yet flexible structure as represented by a polyimide resin. Good.
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention satisfies the following requirement [2].
- the breaking elongation of the gas barrier laminate is 1.9% or more.
- the breaking elongation of the gas barrier laminate is preferably 2.0% or more.
- the upper limit of the breaking elongation of the underlayer is not particularly limited, but is usually 17% or less, preferably 13% or less.
- the breaking elongation of the gas barrier laminate is greatly affected by the underlayer and tends to be close to the breaking elongation of the underlayer. Therefore, if the underlayer satisfies the above-mentioned requirement [2′], even if the breaking elongation of the gas barrier layered product is slightly smaller than the breaking elongation of the underlayer due to the influence of the gas barrier layer or the like, the requirements may be satisfied. It is easy to obtain a gas barrier laminate satisfying [2].
- the thickness of the gas barrier laminate can be appropriately determined depending on the intended use of the electronic device and the like. From the viewpoint of handleability, the substantial thickness of the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention is preferably 0.3 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 25 ⁇ m, and further preferably 0.7 to 12 ⁇ m. Is.
- substantially thickness means the thickness in a use state. That is, the gas barrier laminate may have a process sheet or the like, but the thickness of the portion (process sheet or the like) removed during use is not included in the “substantial thickness”.
- the underlayer according to the embodiment of the present invention can have excellent flexibility, and further, when the thickness of the gas barrier laminate is reduced, the bending resistance after mounting the gas barrier laminate is further improved. You can also
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention has the above-described underlayer and gas barrier layer, it is excellent in heat resistance, solvent resistance, interlayer adhesion and gas barrier properties, and has a low birefringence and isotropic optical properties. Excellent in performance.
- the in-plane retardation of the gas barrier laminate is usually 20 nm or less, preferably 15 nm or less.
- the retardation in the thickness direction is usually -500 nm or less, preferably -450 nm or less.
- the value (birefringence) obtained by dividing the in-plane retardation by the thickness of the gas barrier laminate is usually 100 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 or less, preferably 20 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 or less.
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention is excellent in optical isotropy, It can be preferably used for applications.
- the water vapor permeability of the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention at 40° C. and 90% relative humidity is usually 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 g/m 2 /day or less, preferably 8. It is 0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 g/m 2 /day or less, and more preferably 6.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 g/m 2 /day or less.
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention has an underlayer and a gas barrier layer on at least one surface of the underlayer.
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention may have one underlayer and one gas barrier layer, or two or more underlayers and/or gas barrier layers. Good.
- FIG. 1 shows a specific structural example of the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the gas barrier laminate (10) shown in FIG. 1 has a gas barrier layer (3) on one surface of the underlayer (2), and is provided on the surface of the underlayer (2) opposite to the gas barrier layer (3). It has a process film (1). When the process film (1) is peeled and removed, the portion including the underlayer (2) and the gas barrier layer (3) indicated by reference numeral 10a becomes a gas barrier laminate after the process film is removed.
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to that shown in FIG. 1, and may have gas barrier layers on both sides of the underlayer, or a plurality of underlayers and gas barrier layers may be provided as one set.
- the set may be laminated.
- one or more layers may be further contained within a range not impairing the object of the present invention.
- the other layer include a conductor layer, a shock absorbing layer, an adhesive layer, a bonding layer, and a process sheet.
- the arrangement position of other layers is not particularly limited.
- the material forming the conductor layer includes metals, alloys, metal oxides, electrically conductive compounds, mixtures thereof, and the like.
- Semiconductive metal oxides such as indium zinc oxide (IZO); metals such as gold, silver, chromium, nickel; mixtures of these metals with conductive metal oxides; inorganic conductive materials such as copper iodide and copper sulfide. Substances; organic conductive materials such as polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole; and the like.
- a vapor deposition method for example, a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a thermal CVD method, a plasma CVD method and the like can be mentioned.
- the thickness of the conductor layer may be appropriately selected according to its application. It is usually 10 nm to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 20 nm to 20 ⁇ m.
- the shock absorbing layer is for protecting the gas barrier layer when a shock is applied to the gas barrier layer.
- the material for forming the shock absorbing layer is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include acrylic resin, urethane resin, silicone resin, olefin resin, and rubber material.
- the method for forming the shock absorbing layer is not particularly limited, and for example, a material for forming the shock absorbing layer, and, if desired, a shock absorbing layer forming solution containing other components such as a solvent may be provided on the layer to be laminated. Examples include a method of applying, drying the obtained coating film, and heating it as necessary to form it. Alternatively, a shock absorbing layer may be separately formed on the release substrate, and the obtained film may be transferred onto the layer to be laminated and laminated.
- the thickness of the shock absorbing layer is usually 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the adhesive layer is a layer used when the gas barrier laminate is attached to an adherend.
- the material for forming the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and a known adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive such as acrylic, silicone, or rubber, a heat seal material, or the like can be used.
- the bonding layer is a layer that is used when a gas barrier laminate is manufactured by combining a plurality of sets with a base layer and a gas barrier layer as one set.
- the bonding layer is a layer for bonding a base layer included in one of the adjacent groups and a gas barrier layer included in the other pair to maintain a laminated structure.
- the bonding layer may be a single layer or a plurality of layers. Examples of the bonding layer include a layer having a single-layer structure formed by using an adhesive and a layer having a layer formed by using an adhesive on both surfaces of a support layer.
- the material used in forming the bonding layer is not particularly limited as long as it can bond the pair of the underlayer and the gas barrier layer to each other and can maintain the laminated structure, and a known adhesive can be used. It is preferable to use a pressure-sensitive adhesive from the viewpoint that the combination of the underlayer and the gas barrier layer can be bonded to each other.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive used for the bonding layer include an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, a urethane pressure-sensitive adhesive, a silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive, and a rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive. Among these, acrylic adhesives and urethane adhesives are preferable from the viewpoints of adhesive strength, transparency and handleability. Further, a pressure-sensitive adhesive capable of forming a cross-linked structure as described below is preferable.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive may be in any form such as a solvent-type pressure-sensitive adhesive, an emulsion-type pressure-sensitive adhesive, a hot melt-type pressure-sensitive adhesive.
- the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention is produced using a process film. By using the process film, the gas barrier laminate can be efficiently and easily manufactured. Particularly, a method having the following steps 1 to 3 is preferable.
- Step 1 Step A step of forming a curable resin layer on the film using a curable resin composition containing a polymer component (A) having a Tg of 250° C. or higher and a curable component (B)
- Step 2 Step of curing the curable resin layer obtained in Step 1 to form an underlayer made of a cured resin layer
- Step 3 Step of forming a gas barrier layer on the underlayer obtained in Step 2.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a manufacturing process of the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- 2A corresponds to the step 1
- FIG. 2B corresponds to the step 2
- FIG. 2C corresponds to the step 3.
- Examples of the process film and the curable resin composition used include the same ones as described above.
- the method for applying the curable resin composition onto the process film is not particularly limited, and includes spin coating, spray coating, bar coating, knife coating, roll coating, blade coating, die coating, and gravure coating.
- a known coating method such as a method can be used.
- the method for drying the obtained coating film is not particularly limited, and conventionally known drying methods such as hot air drying, hot roll drying, and infrared irradiation can be used.
- the curable resin composition used for forming the underlayer according to the embodiment of the present invention contains the polymer component (A) having a very high Tg, but the curable component By containing (B), the solvent can be efficiently removed when the coating film obtained by the solution casting method is dried.
- the drying temperature of the coating film is usually 30 to 150°C, preferably 50 to 100°C.
- the thickness of the dry coating film (curable resin layer) is not particularly limited, but since it has almost no difference from the thickness after curing, it may be the same as the thickness of the underlayer described above.
- the curable resin layer obtained in step 1 is cured to form a cured resin layer.
- This cured resin layer becomes a base layer (reference numeral 2 in FIG. 2B).
- the method for curing the curable resin layer is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted.
- the curable resin layer can be heated to cure the curable resin layer. ..
- the heating temperature is usually 30 to 150°C, preferably 50 to 100°C.
- the curable resin layer is formed using a curable resin composition containing a photopolymerization initiator
- the curable resin layer is cured by irradiating the curable resin layer with active energy rays.
- the active energy ray can be irradiated using a high pressure mercury lamp, an electrodeless lamp, a xenon lamp or the like.
- the wavelength of the active energy ray is preferably 200 to 400 nm, more preferably 350 to 400 nm.
- the irradiation amount is usually in the range of illuminance of 50 to 1,000 mW/cm 2 and light amount of 50 to 5,000 mJ/cm 2 , preferably 1,000 to 5,000 mJ/cm 2 .
- the irradiation time is usually 0.1 to 1,000 seconds, preferably 1 to 500 seconds, more preferably 10 to 100 seconds. Irradiation may be performed a plurality of times in order to satisfy the above-described light amount in consideration of the heat load of the light irradiation step.
- the active energy rays are curable through a filter that absorbs light of a wavelength unnecessary for the curing reaction.
- the resin composition may be irradiated. According to this method, light having a wavelength that is unnecessary for the curing reaction and deteriorates the polymer component (A) is absorbed by the filter, so that the deterioration of the polymer component (A) is suppressed, and the colorless and transparent layer is formed. A stratum can be easily obtained.
- a resin film such as a polyethylene terephthalate film can be used as the filter. When a resin film is used, it is preferable to provide a step of laminating a resin film such as a polyethylene terephthalate film on the curable resin layer between step 1 and step 2. The resin film is usually peeled off after step 2.
- the curable resin layer can be cured by irradiating the curable resin layer with an electron beam.
- the curable resin layer can be usually cured without using a photopolymerization initiator.
- an electron beam accelerator or the like can be used.
- the irradiation dose is usually in the range of 10 to 1,000 krad.
- the irradiation time is usually 0.1 to 1,000 seconds, preferably 1 to 500 seconds, more preferably 10 to 100 seconds.
- the curing of the curable resin layer may be carried out in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas, if necessary.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen gas
- a gas barrier layer (reference numeral 3 in FIG. 2C) is formed on the underlayer obtained in step 2.
- the method of forming the gas barrier layer the method described above can be appropriately adopted.
- the gas barrier layer is a layer obtained by subjecting a layer containing a silicon-containing polymer compound to a modification treatment
- a step of forming a layer containing a silicon-containing polymer compound on an underlayer and
- a gas barrier layer can be formed by a step of subjecting a layer containing a molecular compound to a modification treatment.
- the gas barrier layer included in the gas barrier laminate can be formed by various methods such as an extrusion molding method and a coating method, but the gas barrier performance of the gas barrier laminate may decrease depending on the method of forming the gas barrier layer.
- the gas barrier layer is formed by a forming method involving heating, for example, coating/drying, there is a possibility that the underlying layer is physically or chemically affected and the characteristics such as gas barrier properties are deteriorated.
- the underlayer according to the embodiment of the present invention is a layer formed of a cured product of a curable resin composition containing the polymer component (A) and the curable component (B), and the polymer Since the Tg of the component (A) is 250° C.
- the underlayer is less likely to be affected by the heating when forming the gas barrier layer. Therefore, the formed gas barrier layer is less likely to be affected by the deformation of the underlayer during the manufacturing process, and the gas barrier layer is less likely to have a problem that, for example, microcracks or the like deteriorate the gas barrier property. ..
- the method of forming the layer containing the silicon-containing polymer compound and the method of performing the modification treatment those described above can be adopted.
- a method of performing a modification treatment a long film in which a layer containing a silicon-containing polymer compound is formed on the underlayer obtained in step 2 is conveyed in a certain direction, and the silicon film is formed. It is preferable that the layer containing the contained polymer compound is subjected to a modification treatment to produce a gas barrier laminate. According to this manufacturing method, for example, a long gas-barrier laminate can be continuously manufactured.
- the process film is usually peeled off in a predetermined process depending on the use of the gas barrier laminate, and as shown in FIG. 2C, the gas barrier laminate after removal of the process film (3). (10a).
- another layer or the like may be formed after step 3 and then the step film may be peeled off, or the step film may be peeled off after step 3. Further, the process film may be peeled off between the process 2 and the process 3.
- the curable resin layer is formed by using the step film, and the gas barrier laminate obtained by this method has the step film. May or may not be included. According to the method for producing a gas barrier laminate described above, the gas barrier laminate according to the embodiment of the present invention can be efficiently, continuously, and easily produced.
- the gas barrier laminate was cut into 5 mm x 30 mm test pieces, and the first polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film on the underlayer side corresponding to the process film was peeled off and removed, and a thermomechanical analyzer TMA4000SE (Netch Japan Co., Ltd.) After setting the distance between chucks to 20 mm, the temperature was raised to 130° C. at 5° C./min and then cooled to room temperature at 5° C./min. The rate of change in displacement in the lengthwise direction before and after heating (value in which the ratio of the amount of displacement to the chuck distance 20 mm was expressed as a percentage) was defined as the heat shrinkage rate. A negative value was given when the gas barrier laminate was contracted, and a positive value was obtained when it was extended.
- TMA4000SE Netch Japan Co., Ltd.
- Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of gas barrier laminate The gas barrier laminate was cut into a circular test piece having an area of 50 cm 2 , and a water vapor transmission rate measuring device (manufactured by MOCON, device name: AQUATRAN) was used at a gas flow rate of 20 sccm at 40° C. and 90% RH. The water vapor transmission rate (g/m 2 /day) was measured. The lower limit of detection of the measuring device is 0.0005 g/m 2 /day. Since the gas barrier laminate is inferior in self-supporting property when the PET film used for forming the underlayer is peeled off, the measurement was performed in a state where the PET film was laminated. Since the water vapor transmission rate of the gas barrier layer is much smaller than that of the PET film, the influence of the lamination of the PET film on the WVTR is negligibly small.
- the tensile elongation at break was taken as the tensile elongation at break when the test piece had no yield point, and the tensile elongation at break was taken as the tensile elongation at break with the yield point.
- the same test was performed on a gas barrier laminate having a gas barrier layer (without a process film).
- the curable resin composition 1 which will be the base layer was prepared by the following procedure.
- PI polyimide resin
- MEK methyl ethyl ketone
- the first PET film PET100A-4100, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., thickness 100 ⁇ m
- the curable resin composition was applied, and the coating film was heated at 90° C. for 3 minutes and dried.
- a second PET film Cosmo Shine A4100, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., thickness 50 ⁇ m
- a belt conveyor type ultraviolet irradiation device manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd., product name: ECS-401GX
- a high pressure mercury lamp manufactured by Eye Graphics Co., Ltd., product name: H04-L41
- a second PET film was formed.
- a curing reaction was performed by irradiating ultraviolet rays through the layer to form a base layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m. Then, the second PET film is peeled off to expose the underlayer, and a polysilazane compound (a coating agent containing perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) as a main component (Amiakuka NL-110 manufactured by Merck Performance Materials, Inc.) is formed on the underlayer. -20, solvent: xylene)) was applied by a spin coating method and dried by heating at 130 ° C. for 2 minutes to form a polymer compound layer (polysilazane layer) having a thickness of 200 nm and containing perhydropolysilazane.
- PHPS perhydropolysilazane
- a gas flow rate of 100 sccm and a duty ratio of 0 were used. 0.5%, applied DC voltage -6 kV frequency 1,000 Hz, applied RF power 1,000 W, chamber internal pressure 0.2 Pa, DC pulse width 5 ⁇ sec, processing time 200 seconds under conditions of argon gas-derived ion polymer compound layer. It was injected onto the surface of (polysilazane layer) to form a gas barrier layer. In this way, a gas barrier layered product was prepared by laminating the gas barrier layer on the underlayer.
- Example 2 61 parts by mass of dicyclopentadiene diacrylate (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd., A-DCP) as a curable monomer, allyl ether type acrylate which is a cyclopolymerizable monomer (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., FX-AO- (MA)
- a gas barrier laminate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 61 parts by mass was used.
- PSF polysulfone resin
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of each example and comparative example.
- the gas barrier laminate of the present invention it is possible to further enhance the gas barrier property while having a high breaking elongation, and therefore an electronic device that is required to have gas barrier properties and flexibility and bending resistance at the same time.
- an electronic device that is required to have gas barrier properties and flexibility and bending resistance at the same time.
- it can be applied to a member for an element that constitutes various electronic devices that are easily deteriorated in the atmosphere, such as a flexible organic EL element or the like, or a flexible thermoelectric conversion element or the like.
- Process film 2 Base layer 2a: Base layer before curing 3: Gas barrier layer 10: Gas barrier laminate 10a: Gas barrier laminate after process film removal
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、一般にプラスチックフィルムは、ガラス板に比べて水蒸気や酸素等を透過させやすく、透明プラスチックフィルムをディスプレイの基板として使用すると、基板を透過した水蒸気や酸素等が、ディスプレイデバイス内部の素子等に作用し、デバイスの性能が低下したり、寿命が短くなったりするという問題があった。
この問題を解決するため、水蒸気や酸素の透過を抑制する特性を有するフィルムをディスプレイの基板として用いることが提案されている。以下、水蒸気や酸素の透過を抑制する特性を「ガスバリア性」、ガスバリア性を有するフィルムを「ガスバリアフィルム」、ガスバリア性を有する積層体を「ガスバリア性積層体」という。
例えば、特許文献1には、硬化樹脂層の片面にガスバリア層を有するガスバリアフィルムであって、上記硬化樹脂層が、ガラス転移温度が140℃以上の熱可塑性樹脂、及び、硬化性単量体を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物からなる層であるガスバリアフィルムが提案されている。
すなわち、本発明は、以下の[1]~[6]を提供するものである。
[1]工程フィルムと、下地層と、ガスバリア層とをこの順で備えるガスバリア性積層体であって、
前記下地層は、重合体成分(A)及び硬化性成分(B)を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物からなる層であり、
前記ガスバリア性積層体が、以下の要件(1)及び(2)を満たす、ガスバリア性積層体。
(1)ガスバリア性積層体の熱収縮率の絶対値が0.5%以下である。
(2)ガスバリア性積層体の破断伸度が1.9%以上である。
[2]前記下地層の厚さは、0.1~10μmである、上記[1]に記載のガスバリア性積層体。
[3]前記ガスバリア層は、塗膜である、上記[1]又は[2]に記載のガスバリア性積層体。
[4]前記硬化性成分(B)は、環化重合性モノマーを含有する、上記[1]~[3]のいずれか一つに記載のガスバリア性積層体。
[5]前記硬化性成分(B)成分は、更に多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物を含有し、前記環化重合性モノマーと前記多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物との質量比が95:5~30:70である、上記[4]に記載のガスバリア性積層体。
[6]前記重合体成分(A)のガラス転移温度は、250℃以上である、上記[1]~[5]のいずれか一つに記載のガスバリア性積層体。
本明細書において、「XX~YY」との記載は、「XX以上YY以下」を意味する。
本明細書において、好ましい数値範囲(例えば、含有量等の範囲)について、段階的に記載された下限値及び上限値は、それぞれ独立して組み合わせることができる。例えば、「好ましくは10~90、より好ましくは30~60」という記載から、「好ましい下限値(10)」と「より好ましい上限値(60)」とを組み合わせて、「10~60」とすることもできる。
本明細書において、例えば、「(メタ)アクリル酸」とは、「アクリル酸」と「メタクリル酸」の双方を示し、他の類似用語も同様である。
以下、本発明の実施形態に係るガスバリア性積層体について説明する。
本発明の実施形態に係るガスバリア性積層体は、工程フィルムと、下地層と、ガスバリア層とをこの順で備えている。そして、上記下地層は、重合体成分(A)及び硬化性成分(B)を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物からなる層であり、ガスバリア性積層体は、以下の要件[1]及び[2]を満たす。
[1]ガスバリア性積層体の熱収縮率の絶対値が0.5%以下である。
[2]ガスバリア性積層体の破断伸度が、1.9%以上である。
本発明の実施形態に係るガスバリア性積層体においては、下地層を硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物とすることで、下地層が耐溶剤性に優れたものとなる。このため、例えば、ガスバリア層を塗膜として形成する場合、塗工時に下地層が溶媒で浸食されにくくなる。その結果、ガスバリア性積層体のガスバリア性を低下しにくくすることができる。なお、塗膜とは、塗布材料を基材や対象物上に塗布し、必要に応じて乾燥や加熱等による硬化等の処理を施して得られる被膜である。ガスバリア層を塗膜とする場合は、後述するガスバリア層を形成する成分を含む塗布材料を下地層上に塗布し、乾燥や加熱等による硬化等を行って得られる被膜である。また、下地層を塗膜とする場合は、硬化性樹脂組成物を工程フィルム等の被塗布体に塗布し、乾燥及び加熱や活性エネルギー線の照射等による硬化処理のいずれか一方のみ又は両方を行って得られる被膜である。
また、上記要件[1]を満たすことにより、加熱時におけるガスバリア性積層体の収縮が抑制される。このため、例えば、ガスバリア層を構成する材料を塗工して加熱乾燥することでガスバリア層を下地層上に形成する場合に、下地層とガスバリア層の前駆体とが収縮することによってガスバリア層が変形して結果的にガスバリア性が低下することを回避できる。
更に、上記要件[2]を満たすことにより、ガスバリア性積層体のフレキシブル性が高くなり、ガスバリア性積層体は屈曲耐性に優れ、フレキシブルデバイス用途に適するものとなる。
本願明細書において、ガスバリア性積層体の熱収縮率は、ガスバリア性積層体を熱機械分析装置にセットして、5℃/minで130℃まで昇温させた後に5℃/minで常温まで冷却し、下地層の加熱前後の長尺方向の変位の変化率を測定した値であり、詳しくは実施例に示す手順で測定される。
また、本願明細書において、下地層の破断伸度は、JIS K7127:1999に従って測定される値であり、詳しくは実施例に示す手順で測定される。
本発明の実施形態に係るガスバリア性積層体が有する下地層は、重合体成分(A)、及び硬化性成分(B)を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物からなる。下地層は単層であってもよく、積層された複数の層を含んでいてもよい。
重合体成分(A)のガラス転移温度(Tg)は、好ましくは250℃以上、より好ましくは290℃以上、更に好ましくは320℃以上である。Tgが250℃以上であることにより、下地層の熱収縮を抑制し、結果として、ガスバリア性積層体の熱収縮率を上述した範囲に調整することが容易となる(つまり、上記要件[1]を満たしやすくなる)。
ここでTgは、粘弾性測定(周波数11Hz、昇温速度3℃/分で0~250℃の範囲で引張モードによる測定)により得られたtanδ(損失弾性率/貯蔵弾性率)の最大点の温度をいう。
ここで、非晶性熱可塑性樹脂とは、示差走査熱量測定において、融点が観測されない熱可塑性樹脂をいう。
フルオロ基を有するポリイミド樹脂としては、分子内にフルオロ基を有する芳香族ポリイミド樹脂が好ましく、分子内に以下の化学式で示す骨格を有するものが好ましい。
硬化性成分(B)は、重合反応、又は、重合反応及び架橋反応に関与し得る成分であり、例えば、重合性不飽和結合を有し、重合反応、又は、重合反応及び架橋反応に関与し得る単量体である。なお、本明細書において、「硬化」とは、この「単量体の重合反応」、又は、「単量体の重合反応及び引き続く重合体の架橋反応」を含めた広い概念を意味する。硬化性成分(B)を用いることで、耐溶剤性に優れるガスバリア性積層体を得ることができる。
硬化性成分(B)中の重合性不飽和結合の数は特に制限されない。硬化性成分(B)は、重合性不飽和結合を1つ有する単官能型の単量体であっても、複数有する2官能型や3官能型等の多官能型の単量体であってもよい。
単官能の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体としては、特に限定されず、公知の化合物を用いることができる。例えば、窒素原子を有する単官能の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体、脂環式構造を有する単官能の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体、ポリエーテル構造を有する単官能の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体等が挙げられる。
R1で表される炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基等が挙げられ、メチル基が好ましい。
R2及びR3で表される炭素数1~12の有機基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基等の、炭素数1~12のアルキル基;シクロペンチル基、シクロへキシル基等の、炭素数3~12のシクロアルキル基;フェニル基、ビフェニル基、ナフチル基等の、炭素数6~12の芳香族基;が挙げられる。これらの基は、任意の位置に置換基を有していてもよい。また、R2とR3が一緒になって環を形成してもよく、該環は、骨格中に更に窒素原子や酸素原子を有していてもよい。
R4で表される2価の有機基としては、-(CH2)m-、-NH-(CH2)m-で表される基が挙げられる。ここで、mは、1~10の整数である。
R5で表される脂環式構造を有する基としては、シクロへキシル基、イソボルニル基、1-アダマンチル基、2-アダマンチル基、トリシクロデカニル基等が挙げられる。
多官能の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体としては、特に限定されず、公知の化合物を用いることができる。例えば、2~6官能の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体が挙げられる。
2官能の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体としては、下記式で示される化合物が挙げられる。
4官能の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体としては、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
5官能の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体としては、プロピオン酸変性ジペンタエリスリトールペンタ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
6官能の(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体としては、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート、カプロラクトン変性ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、硬化性成分(B)は、耐熱性及び耐溶剤性により優れる下地層が得られることから、多官能型の単量体が好ましい。多官能の単量体としては、重合体成分(A)と混ざりやすく、かつ、重合物の硬化収縮が起こりにくく硬化物のカールが抑制できるという観点から、2官能(メタ)アクリル酸誘導体が好ましい。硬化性成分(B)が多官能型の単量体を含む場合、その含有量は、硬化性成分(B)の全量中、40質量%以上が好ましく、50~100質量%がより好ましく、80~100質量%がさらに好ましい。
環化重合性モノマーは、重合により分子内に環構造を形成しながら線形の高分子に成長していくが、一般的な単官能の硬化性単量体を用いるよりも下地層の耐溶剤性、耐熱性を向上させることができる。その理由として、一つは、環化重合性モノマーの重合体では、高分子鎖中に環構造が形成されるために、一般的な線形の高分子よりも剛直な分子となり、これにより下地層の耐熱性が向上すると考えられる。また、環化重合性モノマーでは、分子内の環化反応が選択的に起こるように分子設計されているが、一部のモノマーでは分子間反応が起こり、そのモノマーに由来する構成単位には反応性の官能基が残存する。この反応性の官能基が他のモノマーと反応することにより、高分子鎖の分岐が生じ、環化重合性モノマーの重合体に架橋構造が形成される。これによって、下地層の耐熱性がさらに向上し、また、耐溶剤性も向上するものと考えられる。一方で、環化重合性モノマーの重合体は、大部分は線形構造をとっており、また、環化重合により得られる環構造は、芳香環と比較すると柔軟であるため、下地層の柔軟性も両立でき、下地層は高い破断伸度を示す(つまり、上記要件[2]を満たしやすくなる)。
硬化性成分(B)において、環化重合性モノマーと多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物との質量比は、好ましくは95:5~30:70、より好ましくは90:10~35:65、更に好ましくは90:10~40:60である。環化重合性モノマーと多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物の質量比が上記範囲にあることにより、下地層の破断伸度を上述の範囲に調整しつつ、ガスバリア性積層体の熱収縮率を上述した範囲に調整することが更に容易となる。
本発明の実施形態に係る下地層を形成するのに用いる硬化性樹脂組成物は、重合体成分(A)、硬化性成分(B)、及び所望により、後述する重合開始剤やその他の成分を混合し、適当な溶媒に溶解又は分散させることにより調製することができる。
硬化性樹脂組成物において、重合体成分(A):硬化性単量体(B)の質量比がこのような範囲にあることで、得られる下地層の柔軟性がより向上しやすく、下地層の耐溶剤性も保たれやすい傾向がある。
有機過酸化物としては、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキサイド、t-ブチルクミルパーオキサイド、ジクミルパーオキサイド等のジアルキルパーオキサイド類;アセチルパーオキサイド、ラウロイルパーオキサイド、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド等のジアシルパーオキサイド類;メチルエチルケトンパーオキサイド、シクロヘキサノンパーオキサイド、3,3,5-トリメチルシクロヘキサノンパーオキサイド、メチルシクロヘキサノンパーオキサイド等のケトンパーオキサイド類;1,1-ビス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)シクロヘキサン等のパーオキシケタール類;t-ブチルヒドロパーオキサイド、クメンヒドロパーオキサイド、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチルヒドロパーオキサイド、p-メンタンヒドロパーオキサイド、ジイソプロピルベンゼンヒドロパーオキサイド、2,5-ジメチルヘキサン-2,5-ジヒドロパーオキサイド等のヒドロパーオキサイド類;t-ブチルパーオキシアセテート、t-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、t-ブチルパーオキシベンゾエート、t-ブチルパーオキシイソプロピルカーボネート等のパーオキシエステル類;等が挙げられる。
アゾ系化合物としては、2,2’-アゾビス(4-メトキシ-2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)、2,2’-アゾビス(2-シクロプロピルプロピオニトリル)、2,2’-アゾビス(2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、2,2’-アゾビス(2-メチルブチロニトリル)、1,1’-アゾビス(シクロヘキサン-1-カルボニトリル)、2-(カルバモイルアゾ)イソブチロニトリル、2-フェニルアゾ-4-メトキシ-2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル等が挙げられる。
重合体成分(A)が芳香族環を有する熱可塑性樹脂である場合、重合体成分(A)が紫外線を吸収する結果、硬化反応が起こりにくいことがある。しかしながら、上記のリン系光重合開始剤を用いることで、上記重合体成分(A)に吸収されない波長の光を利用して硬化反応を効率よく進行させることができる。
重合開始剤は1種単独で、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
本発明の実施形態に係るガスバリア性積層体は、以下の要件[2’]を満たすことが好ましい。
[2’]下地層の破断伸度が、2.5%以上である。
ここで、環化重合性モノマーを用いると、高温時の弾性率を比較的高く維持したまま、破断伸度を向上させることができ、要件[2’]を満たしやすくなる。その一方、硬化性成分(B)を全て環化重合性モノマーとしてしまうと、ガスバリア性積層体のガスバリア性が低下する傾向にある。本発明者らが種々検討した結果、熱収縮率の絶対値を一定範囲内に抑えることにより、ガスバリア性の低下が抑制されることが判明した。これは、熱によって下地層が影響を受けるため、例えば、ガスバリア層を塗工により形成する際の加熱によって、下地層が平面方向に変形を生じるところ、熱収縮率が所定範囲内になるように、材料等を選択することより、上の現象が抑制されるものと思われる。
また、例えば、多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物と環化重合性モノマーとを併用することで、網目構造を増やすようにしたり、重合性成分(A)として、ポリイミド樹脂に代表されるような剛直であり、ガラス転移温度の高いものを選択したりして、上記要件[1]に適する下地層とすることができる。
下地層の面内の位相差、厚さ方向の位相差、複屈折率が上記の範囲内であれば、複屈折率が低く光学等方性に優れるガスバリア性積層体が得られ、本発明の実施形態に係るガスバリア性積層体を光学用途に好ましく用いることができる。
本発明の実施形態に係るガスバリア性積層体のガスバリア層は、ガスバリア性を有する限り、材質等は特に限定されない。例えば、無機膜からなるガスバリア層、ガスバリア性樹脂を含むガスバリア層、高分子化合物を含む層に改質処理を施して得られるガスバリア層等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、薄く、ガスバリア性及び耐溶剤性に優れる層を効率よく形成できることから、ガスバリア層は、無機膜からなるガスバリア層、及び高分子化合物を含む層に改質処理を施して得られるガスバリア層が好ましい。
無機蒸着膜としては、無機化合物や金属の蒸着膜が挙げられる。
無機化合物の蒸着膜の原料としては、酸化珪素、酸化アルミニウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化インジウム、酸化スズ等の無機酸化物;窒化ケイ素、窒化アルミニウム、窒化チタン等の無機窒化物;無機炭化物;無機硫化物;酸化窒化ケイ素等の無機酸化窒化物;無機酸化炭化物;無機窒化炭化物;無機酸化窒化炭化物等が挙げられる。
金属の蒸着膜の原料としては、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、亜鉛、及びスズ等が挙げられる。
これらは、1種単独で、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
これらの中では、ガスバリア性の観点から、無機酸化物、無機窒化物又は金属を原料とする無機蒸着膜が好ましく、更に、透明性の観点から、無機酸化物又は無機窒化物を原料とする無機蒸着膜が好ましい。また、無機蒸着膜は、単層でもよく、多層でもよい。
また、ポリシラザン系化合物は、ガラスコーティング材等として市販されている市販品をそのまま使用することもできる。
ポリシラザン系化合物は、一種単独で、あるいは二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
その一方、このような塗膜を形成する際の加熱によって、耐熱性の低い下地層を用いている場合は、下地層に変形を生じる恐れがある。下地層の変形は、ガスバリア性積層体のガスバリア層のガスバリア性に悪影響を与える可能性がある。しかしながら、本発明の実施形態に係る下地層は、耐熱性に優れているため、塗工時及び塗工後の加熱によっても変形を生じ難い。したがって、下地層の変形に起因するガスバリア性積層体のガスバリア性の低下も回避することができる。
高分子層の厚さがナノオーダーであっても、後述するように改質処理を施すことで、充分なガスバリア性能を有するガスバリア性積層体を得ることができる。
また、上記高分子層は、ケイ素化合物を含む組成物の塗膜に改質処理を施したものであることが好ましい。高分子層が、ケイ素化合物を含む組成物の塗膜に改質処理を施したものであると、例えば、蒸着やスパッタリングにより設けた無機膜よりも柔軟性に富むものとすることができる。
メタン、エタン、プロパン、ブタン、ペンタン、ヘキサン等のアルカン系ガス類のイオン;エチレン、プロピレン、ブテン、ペンテン等のアルケン系ガス類のイオン;ペンタジエン、ブタジエン等のアルカジエン系ガス類のイオン;アセチレン、メチルアセチレン等のアルキン系ガス類のイオン;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、インデン、ナフタレン、フェナントレン等の芳香族炭化水素系ガス類のイオン;シクロプロパン、シクロヘキサン等のシクロアルカン系ガス類のイオン;シクロペンテン、シクロヘキセン等のシクロアルケン系ガス類のイオン;
金、銀、銅、白金、ニッケル、パラジウム、クロム、チタン、モリブデン、ニオブ、タンタル、タングステン、アルミニウム等の導電性の金属のイオン;
シラン(SiH4)又は有機ケイ素化合物のイオン;等が挙げられる。
ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、ジエチルジメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、エチルトリメトキシシラン、(3,3,3-トリフルオロプロピル)トリメトキシシラン等の無置換若しくは置換基を有するアルキルアルコキシシラン;
ジフェニルジメトキシシラン、フェニルトリエトキシシラン等のアリールアルコキシシラン;
ヘキサメチルジシロキサン(HMDSO)等のジシロキサン;
ビス(ジメチルアミノ)ジメチルシラン、ビス(ジメチルアミノ)メチルビニルシラン、ビス(エチルアミノ)ジメチルシラン、ジエチルアミノトリメチルシラン、ジメチルアミノジメチルシラン、テトラキスジメチルアミノシラン、トリス(ジメチルアミノ)シラン等のアミノシラン;
ヘキサメチルジシラザン、ヘキサメチルシクロトリシラザン、ヘプタメチルジシラザン、ノナメチルトリシラザン、オクタメチルシクロテトラシラザン、テトラメチルジシラザン等のシラザン;
テトライソシアナートシラン等のシアナートシラン;
トリエトキシフルオロシラン等のハロゲノシラン;
ジアリルジメチルシラン、アリルトリメチルシラン等のアルケニルシラン;
ジ-t-ブチルシラン、1,3-ジシラブタン、ビス(トリメチルシリル)メタン、テトラメチルシラン、トリス(トリメチルシリル)メタン、トリス(トリメチルシリル)シラン、ベンジルトリメチルシラン等の無置換若しくは置換基を有するアルキルシラン;
ビス(トリメチルシリル)アセチレン、トリメチルシリルアセチレン、1-(トリメチルシリル)-1-プロピン等のシリルアルキン;
1,4-ビストリメチルシリル-1,3-ブタジイン、シクロペンタジエニルトリメチルシラン等のシリルアルケン;
フェニルジメチルシラン、フェニルトリメチルシラン等のアリールアルキルシラン;
プロパルギルトリメチルシラン等のアルキニルアルキルシラン;
ビニルトリメチルシラン等のアルケニルアルキルシラン;
ヘキサメチルジシラン等のジシラン;
オクタメチルシクロテトラシロキサン、テトラメチルシクロテトラシロキサン、ヘキサメチルシクロテトラシロキサン等のシロキサン;
N,O-ビス(トリメチルシリル)アセトアミド;
ビス(トリメチルシリル)カルボジイミド;
等が挙げられる。
これらのイオンは、一種単独で、あるいは二種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
プラズマイオン注入装置としては、具体的には、(i)高分子層(以下、「イオン注入する層」ということがある。)に負の高電圧パルスを印加するフィードスルーに高周波電力を重畳してイオン注入する層の周囲を均等にプラズマで囲み、プラズマ中のイオンを誘引、注入、衝突、堆積させる装置(特開2001-26887号公報)、(ii)チャンバー内にアンテナを設け、高周波電力を与えてプラズマを発生させてイオン注入する層周囲にプラズマが到達後、イオン注入する層に正と負のパルスを交互に印加することで、正のパルスでプラズマ中の電子を誘引衝突させてイオン注入する層を加熱し、パルス定数を制御して温度制御を行いつつ、負のパルスを印加してプラズマ中のイオンを誘引、注入させる装置(特開2001-156013号公報)、(iii)マイクロ波等の高周波電力源等の外部電界を用いてプラズマを発生させ、高電圧パルスを印加してプラズマ中のイオンを誘引、注入させるプラズマイオン注入装置、(iv)外部電界を用いることなく高電圧パルスの印加により発生する電界のみで発生するプラズマ中のイオンを注入するプラズマイオン注入装置等が挙げられる。
前記(iii)及び(iv)のプラズマイオン注入装置を用いる方法については、国際公開WO2010/021326号公報に記載のものが挙げられる。
ガスバリア層の、40℃、相対湿度90%雰囲気下における水蒸気透過率は、通常1.0g/m2/day以下であり、好ましくは0.8g/m2/day以下であり、より好ましくは0.5g/m2/day以下であり、更に好ましくは0.1g/m2/day以下である。水蒸気透過率は、公知の方法で測定することができる。
工程フィルムは、ガスバリア性積層体を保存、運搬等する際に、下地層や、ガスバリア層、また上述したその他の層を保護する役割を有し、所定の工程において剥離されるものである。
剥離剤層の厚さは、特に制限されないが、通常、0.02~2.0μm、より好ましくは0.05~1.5μmである。
表面粗さRa及びRtが、それぞれ、10.0nm、100nmを超えると、工程フィルムと接する層の表面粗さが大きくなり、ガスバリア性積層体のガスバリア性が低下するおそれがある。
なお、表面粗さRa及びRtは、100μm×100μmの測定面積で、光干渉法により得られた値である。
上述したように、本発明の実施形態に係るガスバリア性積層体は、工程フィルムと、下地層と、ガスバリア層とをこの順で備えている。ガスバリア性積層体を実際に用いる際、ガスバリア性積層体から工程フィルムを剥離し、ディスプレイや電子デバイスに貼り付けて使用する。
[1]ガスバリア性積層体の熱収縮率の絶対値が0.5%以下である。
[2]ガスバリア性積層体の破断伸度が、1.9%以上である。
ガスバリア性積層体の破断伸度は、2.0%以上であることが好ましい。ガスバリア性積層体の破断伸度がこのような範囲にあることで、ガスバリア性積層体のフレキシブル性を高くすることができる。下地層の破断伸度の上限は、特に限定されないが、通常、17%以下、好ましくは13%以下である。
なお、「実質的な厚さ」とは、使用状態における厚さをいう。すなわち、上記ガスバリア性積層体は、工程シート等を有していてもよいが、使用時に除去される部分(工程シート等)の厚さは、「実質的な厚さ」には含まれない。
ガスバリア性積層体の面内の位相差、厚さ方向の位相差、複屈折率が上記の範囲内であれば、本発明の実施形態に係るガスバリア性積層体は光学等方性に優れ、光学用途に好ましく用いることができる。
図1に示すガスバリア性積層体(10)は、下地層(2)の片面に、ガスバリア層(3)を有し、下地層(2)の、ガスバリア層(3)とは反対側の面に工程フィルム(1)を有するものである。工程フィルム(1)を剥離除去すると、下地層(2)とガスバリア層(3)を含む符号10aで表す部分が、工程フィルム除去後のガスバリア性積層体となる。
他の層としては、例えば、導電体層、衝撃吸収層、接着剤層、接合層、工程シート等が挙げられる。また、他の層の配置位置は特に限定されない。
また、別途、剥離基材上に衝撃吸収層を成膜し、得られた膜を、積層すべき層上に転写して積層してもよい。
衝撃吸収層の厚さは、通常1~100μm、好ましくは5~50μmである。
接合層に用いる粘着剤としては、アクリル系粘着剤、ウレタン系粘着剤、シリコーン系
粘着剤、ゴム系粘着剤等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、粘着力、透明性および取り扱い
性の点から、アクリル系粘着剤、ウレタン系粘着剤が好ましい。また、後述するような架
橋構造を形成し得る粘着剤が好ましい。
また、粘着剤は、溶剤型粘着剤、エマルジョン型粘着剤、ホットメルト型粘着剤等のい
ずれの形態のものであってもよい。
本発明の実施形態に係るガスバリア性積層体は工程フィルムを用いて製造される。工程フィルムを用いることで、ガスバリア性積層体を効率よく、かつ、容易に製造することができる。特に、以下の工程1~3を有する方法が好ましい。
工程2:工程1で得られた硬化性樹脂層を硬化させて、硬化樹脂層からなる下地層を形成する工程
工程3:工程2で得られた下地層上に、ガスバリア層を形成する工程
先ず、工程フィルム上に、Tgが250℃以上の重合体成分(A)、及び硬化性成分(B)を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物を用いて硬化性樹脂層(図2(a)の符号2a)を形成する。
硬化性樹脂組成物を工程フィルム上に塗工する方法は、特に制限されず、スピンコート法、スプレーコート法、バーコート法、ナイフコート法、ロールコート法、ブレードコート法、ダイコート法、グラビアコート法等の公知の塗布方法を利用することができる。
乾燥塗膜(硬化性樹脂層)の厚さは、特に制限されないが、硬化させた後の厚さと殆ど差はないことから、上述した下地層の厚さと同様にすればよい。
次いで、工程1で得られた硬化性樹脂層を硬化させて硬化樹脂層を形成する。この硬化樹脂層が下地層(図2(b)の符合2)となる。
硬化性樹脂層を硬化する方法としては、特に限定されず、公知の方法が採用できる。例えば、硬化性樹脂層が、熱重合開始剤を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物を用いて形成されたものである場合、硬化性樹脂層を加熱することで硬化性樹脂層を硬化させることができる。加熱温度は、通常、30~150℃、好ましくは、50~100℃である。
フィルタとしては、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム等の樹脂フィルムを利用することができる。樹脂フィルムを用いる場合、工程1と工程2の間に、硬化性樹脂層上にポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム等の樹脂フィルムを積層させる工程を設けることが好ましい。なお、樹脂フィルムは、通常は、工程2の後に剥離される。
その後、工程2で得られた下地層上に、ガスバリア層(図2(c)の符号3)を形成する。
ガスバリア層を形成する方法としては、先に説明した方法を適宜採用することができる。
例えば、ガスバリア層が、ケイ素含有高分子化合物を含む層に改質処理を施して得られる層である場合、ケイ素含有高分子化合物を含む層を下地層上に形成する工程と、該ケイ素含有高分子化合物を含む層に、改質処理を施す工程によってガスバリア層を形成することができる。
しかし、本発明の実施形態に係る下地層は、上述したように、重合体成分(A)及び硬化性成分(B)を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物からなる層であり、重合体成分(A)のTgが250℃以上であるため、ガスバリア層を形成する際の加熱によって、下地層が影響を受けにくい。このため、形成されるガスバリア層が、製造工程中に下地層の変形等による影響を受けにくくなり、ガスバリア層に、例えば、マイクロクラック等が発生してガスバリア性を低下させるといった問題を生じにくくなる。
また、改質処理を施す方法としては、工程2で得られた下地層上に、ケイ素含有高分子化合物を含む層が形成された長尺状のフィルムを、一定方向に搬送しながら、前記ケイ素含有高分子化合物を含む層に、改質処理を施してガスバリア性積層体を製造するのが好ましい。
この製造方法によれば、例えば、長尺状のガスバリア性積層体を連続的に製造することができる。
上述したガスバリア性積層体の製造方法によれば、本発明の実施形態に係るガスバリア性積層体を効率よく、連続的に、かつ容易に製造することができる。
下地層を25mm×25mmの試験片に裁断し、試験片をキシレン溶媒中に2分間浸漬し、浸漬前後の試験片の変化を目視により観察し、下記の基準に従い耐溶剤性を評価した。
A:変化なし。
B:わずかな外形変化が見受けられるが、実用上問題ない。
C:白化や、膨潤・カール・うねり等の外形変化を生じ、実用に支障がある。
ガスバリア性積層体を5mm×30mmの試験片に裁断し、工程フィルムに相当する下地層側の第1のポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルムを剥離除去し、熱機械分析装置TMA4000SE(ネッチ・ジャパン株式会社)を用いて、チャック間距離20mmに設定した後、5℃/minで130℃まで昇温させた後に5℃/minで常温まで冷却した。なお、加熱前後の長尺方向の変位の変化率(チャック間距離20mmに対する変位量の割合を百分率で示した値)を熱収縮率とした。なお、ガスバリア性積層体が収縮した場合を負の値、伸長した場合を正の値とした。
ガスバリア性積層体を50cm2の面積の円形状の試験片に裁断し、水蒸気透過率測定装置(MOCON社製、装置名:AQUATRAN)を用い、40℃90%RH条件下にてガス流量20sccmで水蒸気透過率(g/m2/day)を測定した。なお、測定装置の検出下限は0.0005g/m2/dayである。ガスバリア性積層体は、下地層を形成するのに用いたPETフィルムを剥がすと自立性に劣るため、当該PETフィルムが積層された状態で測定を行った。ガスバリア層の水蒸気透過率はPETフィルムよりもはるかに小さいため、PETフィルムの積層によるWVTRへの影響は無視できるほどに小さい。
下地層を15mm×150mmの試験片に裁断し、JIS K7127:1999に従い、破断伸度を測定した。具体的には、上記試験片を、引張試験機(島津製作所社製,オートグラフ)にて、チャック間距離100mmに設定した後、200mm/minの速度で引張試験を行い、破断伸度[%]を測定した。なお、試験片が降伏点を持たない場合には引張り破断ひずみを、降伏点を持つ場合には引張り破断呼びひずみを破断伸度とした。また、ガスバリア層を設けたガスバリア性積層体(工程フィルムなし)についても同様の試験を行った。
下地層となる硬化性樹脂組成物1を以下の手順で調製した。
<硬化性樹脂組成物1>
重合体成分として、ポリイミド樹脂(PI)のペレット(河村産業株式会社製、製品名KPI-MX300F、Tg=354℃、重量平均分子量28万)100質量部をメチルエチルケトン(MEK)に溶解して、PIの15質量%溶液を調製した。次いで、この溶液に、硬化性単量体として、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジアクリレート(新中村化学工業社製、A-DCP)122質量部、及び重合開始剤として、ビス(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル)-フェニルホスフィンオキサイド(BASF社製、Irgacure819)5質量部を添加、混合して、硬化性樹脂組成物1を調製した。なお、本実施例及び他の実験例において使用した硬化性単量体および重合開始剤は溶媒を含まず、全て固形分100%の原料である。
次に、工程フィルムとして、片面に易接着層を有する第1のPETフィルム(東洋紡社製、PET100A-4100、厚さ100μm)を使用し、このPETフィルムの易接着層面とは反対の面に、硬化性樹脂組成物を塗布し、塗膜を90℃で3分間加熱して乾燥した。
更に、この乾燥した塗膜上に、片面に易接着層を有する第2のPETフィルム(東洋紡社製、コスモシャインA4100、厚さ50μm)を、易接着面とは反対の面が対向するように積層し、ベルトコンベア式紫外線照射装置(アイグラフィクス社製、製品名:ECS-401GX)を使用して、高圧水銀ランプ(アイグラフィクス社製、製品名:H04-L41)にて、紫外線ランプ高さ100mm、紫外線ランプ出力3kw、光線波長365nmの照度が400mW/cm2、光量が800mJ/cm2(オーク製作所社製、紫外線光量計UV-351にて測定)の条件で、第2のPETフィルムを介して紫外線照射して硬化反応を行い、厚さ5μmの下地層を形成した。
次いで、第2のPETフィルムを剥離して下地層を露出させ、この下地層上にポリシラザン化合物(ペルヒドロポリシラザン(PHPS)を主成分とするコーティング剤(メルクパフォーマンスマテリアルズ社製、アミアクカNL-110-20、溶媒:キシレン))をスピンコート法により塗布し、130oCで2分間加熱乾燥させることで、ペルヒドロポリシラザンを含む、厚さ200nmの高分子化合物層(ポリシラザン層)を形成した。
次に、プラズマイオン注入装置(日本電子社製、RF電源:「RF」56000;栗田製作所社製、高電圧パルス電源:PV-3-HSHV-0835)を用いて、ガス流量100sccm、Duty比0.5%、印加DC電圧-6kV周波数1,000Hz、印加RF電力1,000W、チャンバー内圧0.2Pa、DCパルス幅5μsec、処理時間200秒の条件で、アルゴンガス由来のイオンを高分子化合物層(ポリシラザン層)の表面に注入し、ガスバリア層を形成した。このように、下地層上にガスバリア層を積層することにより、ガスバリア性積層体を作製した。
硬化性単量体として、ジシクロペンタジエンジアクリレート(新中村化学工業社製、A-DCP)61質量部、環化重合性モノマーであるアリルエーテル型アクリレート(株式会社日本触媒製、FX-AO-MA)61質量部を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてガスバリア性積層体を作製した。
硬化性単量体として、環化重合性モノマーであるアリルエーテル型アクリレート(株式会社日本触媒製、FX-AO-MA)122質量部のみを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてガスバリア性積層体を作製した。
重合体成分として、ポリイミド樹脂の代わりに、ポリスルホン樹脂(PSF)のペレット(BASF社製、ULTRASON S6010、Tg=187℃、重量平均分子量6万)100質量部を用いた以外は、比較例1と同様にしてガスバリア性積層体を作製した。
ペレットの溶解溶媒としてMEKの代わりにトルエン、重合体成分として、ポリイミド樹脂の代わりに、ポリカーボネート樹脂(PC)のペレット(Tg≦190℃、重量平均分子量10万未満)100質量部を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にしてガスバリア性積層体を作製した。
一方、比較例1~3については、下地層の耐溶剤性は良好であるが、工程フィルム除去後のガスバリア性積層体の熱収縮率の絶対値が実施例1よりも大きく、ガスバリア性積層体の水蒸気透過率も実施例1に比べて1桁以上低下している。また、下地層及びガスバリア積層体のいずれの破断伸度も、実施例よりも劣る結果となっている。
2:下地層
2a:硬化前の下地層
3:ガスバリア層
10:ガスバリア性積層体
10a:工程フィルム除去後のガスバリア性積層体
Claims (6)
- 工程フィルムと、下地層と、ガスバリア層とをこの順で備えるガスバリア性積層体であって、
前記下地層は、重合体成分(A)及び硬化性成分(B)を含有する硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物からなる層であり、
前記ガスバリア性積層体が、以下の要件[1]及び[2]を満たす、ガスバリア性積層体。
[1]ガスバリア性積層体の熱収縮率の絶対値が0.5%以下である。
[2]ガスバリア性積層体の破断伸度が1.9%以上である。 - 前記下地層の厚さは、0.1~10μmである、請求項1に記載のガスバリア性積層体。
- 前記ガスバリア層は、塗膜である、請求項1又は2に記載のガスバリア性積層体。
- 前記硬化性成分(B)は、環化重合性モノマーを含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のガスバリア性積層体。
- 前記硬化性成分(B)成分は、更に多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物を含有し、前記環化重合性モノマーと前記多官能(メタ)アクリレート化合物との質量比が95:5~30:70である、請求項4に記載のガスバリア性積層体。
- 前記重合体成分(A)のガラス転移温度は、250℃以上である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のガスバリア性積層体。
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| CN201980086465.4A CN113226750B (zh) | 2018-12-27 | 2019-12-25 | 阻气性层叠体 |
| JP2020563364A JP7398394B2 (ja) | 2018-12-27 | 2019-12-25 | ガスバリア性積層体 |
| KR1020217019728A KR20210110592A (ko) | 2018-12-27 | 2019-12-25 | 가스 배리어성 적층체 |
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| KR (1) | KR20210110592A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN113226750B (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022203086A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | リンテック株式会社 | 積層体 |
| WO2022203067A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | リンテック株式会社 | 硬化性樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた硬化樹脂層 |
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| KR102818385B1 (ko) * | 2024-11-20 | 2025-06-11 | 주식회사 한솔케미칼 | 양자점 광학 시트, 이를 포함하는 백라이트 유닛 및 디스플레이 장치 |
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- 2019-12-25 JP JP2020563364A patent/JP7398394B2/ja active Active
- 2019-12-25 CN CN201980086465.4A patent/CN113226750B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPWO2020138207A1 (ja) | 2021-11-18 |
| TW202031479A (zh) | 2020-09-01 |
| CN113226750B (zh) | 2023-05-19 |
| TWI849029B (zh) | 2024-07-21 |
| CN113226750A (zh) | 2021-08-06 |
| KR20210110592A (ko) | 2021-09-08 |
| JP7398394B2 (ja) | 2023-12-14 |
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