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WO2020123724A4 - Machine learning systems and methods for assessment, healing prediction, and treatment of wounds - Google Patents

Machine learning systems and methods for assessment, healing prediction, and treatment of wounds Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020123724A4
WO2020123724A4 PCT/US2019/065820 US2019065820W WO2020123724A4 WO 2020123724 A4 WO2020123724 A4 WO 2020123724A4 US 2019065820 W US2019065820 W US 2019065820W WO 2020123724 A4 WO2020123724 A4 WO 2020123724A4
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pixels
wound
subset
healing
wavelength
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2019/065820
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French (fr)
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WO2020123724A1 (en
Inventor
Wensheng Fan
John Michael Dimaio
Jeffrey E. Thatcher
Peiran QUAN
Faliu YI
Kevin PLANT
Ronald Baxter
Brian MCCALL
Zhicun Gao
Jason DWIGHT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Spectral MD Inc
Original Assignee
Spectral MD Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BR112021011132-8A priority Critical patent/BR112021011132A2/en
Priority to CN201980087443.XA priority patent/CN113260303B/en
Priority to KR1020247036978A priority patent/KR20240163190A/en
Priority to KR1020217021623A priority patent/KR102728475B1/en
Priority to JP2021533805A priority patent/JP7261883B2/en
Priority to EP19894740.0A priority patent/EP3893733A4/en
Application filed by Spectral MD Inc filed Critical Spectral MD Inc
Priority to US16/738,911 priority patent/US10783632B2/en
Publication of WO2020123724A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020123724A1/en
Publication of WO2020123724A4 publication Critical patent/WO2020123724A4/en
Priority to US17/013,336 priority patent/US11599998B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US18/177,493 priority patent/US11948300B2/en
Priority to JP2023063250A priority patent/JP7574354B2/en
Priority to US18/620,830 priority patent/US12444050B2/en
Priority to JP2024180995A priority patent/JP2025013851A/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

Machine learning systems and methods are disclosed for prediction of wound healing, such as for diabetic foot ulcers or other wounds, and for assessment implementations such as segmentation of images into wound regions and non-wound regions. Systems for assessing or predicting wound healing can include a light detection element configured to collect light of at least a first wavelength reflected from a tissue region including a wound, and one or more processors configured to generate an image based on a signal from the light detection element having pixels depicting the tissue region, determine reflectance intensity values for at least a subset of the pixels, determine one or more quantitative features of the subset of the plurality of pixels based on the reflectance intensity values, and generate a predicted or assessed healing parameter associated with the wound over a predetermined time interval.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 19 June 2020 (19.06.2020)What is claimed is:
1. A system for assessing or predicting wound healing, the system comprising:
at least one light detection element configured to collect light of at least a first wavelength after being reflected from a tissue region comprising a diabetic foot ulcer; and
one or more processors in communication with the at least one light detection element and configured to:
receive a signal from the at least one light detection element, the signal representing light of the first wavelength reflected from the tissue region;
generate, based on the signal, an image having a plurality of pixels depicting the tissue region;
determine, based on the signal, a reflectance intensity value at the first wavelength for each pixel of at least a subset of the plurality of pixels; determine one or more quantitative features of the subset of the plurality of pixels based on the reflectance intensity values of each pixel of the subset; and
generate, using one or more machine learning algorithms, at least one scalar value based on the one or more quantitative features of the subset of the plurality of pixels, the at least one scalar value corresponding to a predicted amount of healing of the diabetic foot ulcer over a predetermined time interval following generation of the image.
2. The system of Claim 1, wherein the predicted amount of healing is a predicted percent area reduction of the diabetic foot ulcer.
3. The system of any of Claims 1 or 2, wherein the at least one scalar value comprises a plurality of scalar values, each scalar value of the plurality of scalar values corresponding to a probability of healing of an individual pixel of the subset or of a subgroup of individual pixels of the subset.
4. The system of Claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to output a visual representation of the plurality of scalar values for display to a user.
91
5. The system of Claim 4, wherein the visual representation comprises the image having each pixel of the subset displayed with a particular visual representation selected based on the probability of healing corresponding to the pixel, wherein pixels associated with different probabilities of healing are displayed in different visual representations.
6. The system of any of Claims 3-5, wherein the one or more machine learning algorithms comprise a SegNet pre-trained using a wound, burn, or ulcer image database.
7. The system of Claim 6, wherein the wound image database comprises a diabetic foot ulcer image database.
8. The system of Claim 6 or 7, wherein the wound image database comprises a bum image database.
9. The system of any of Claims 1-8, wherein the predetermined time interval is 30 days.
10. The system of any of Claims 1-9, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to identify at least one patient health metric value corresponding to a patient having the tissue region, and wherein the at least one scalar value is generated based on the one or more quantitative features of the subset of the plurality of pixels and on the at least one patient health metric value.
11. The system of Claim 10, wherein the at least one patient health metric value comprises at least one variable selected from the group consisting of demographic variables, diabetic foot ulcer history variables, compliance variables, endocrine variables, cardiovascular variables, musculoskeletal variables, nutrition variables, infectious disease variables, renal variables, obstetrics or gynecology variables, drug use variables, other disease variables, or laboratory values.
12. The system of Claim 10, wherein the at least one patient health metric value comprises one or more clinical features.
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13. The system of Claim 12, wherein the one or more clinical features comprise at least one feature selected from the group consisting of an age of the patient, a level of chronic kidney disease of the patient, a length of the diabetic foot ulcer on a day when the image is generated, and a width of the diabetic foot ulcer on the day when the image is generated.
14. The system of any of Claims 1-13, wherein the first wavelength is within the range of 420 nm ± 20 nm, 525 nm ± 35 nm, 581 nm ± 20 nm, 620 nm ± 20 nm, 660 nm ± 20 nm, 726 nm ± 41 nm, 820 nm ± 20 nm, or 855 nm ± 30 nm.
15. The system of any of Claims 1-14, wherein the first wavelength is within the range of 620 nm ± 20 nm, 660 nm ± 20 nm, or 420 nm ± 20 nm.
16. The system of Claim 15, wherein the one or more machine learning algorithms comprise a random forest ensemble.
17. The system of any of Claims 1-14, wherein the first wavelength is within the range of 726 nm ± 41 nm, 855 nm ± 30 nm, 525 nm ± 35 nm, 581 nm ± 20 nm, or 820 nm ± 20 nm.
18. The system of Claim 17, wherein the one or more machine learning algorithms comprise an ensemble of classifiers.
19. The system of any of Claims 1-18, further comprising an optical bandpass filter configured to pass light of at least the first wavelength.
20. The system of any of Claims 1-19, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
automatically segment the plurality of pixels of the image into wound pixels and non- wound pixels; and
select the subset of the plurality of pixels to comprise the wound pixels.
21. The system of Claim 20, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to automatically segment the non-wound pixels into callus pixels and background pixels.
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22. The system of Claim 20, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to automatically segment the non-wound pixels into callus pixels, normal skin pixels, and background pixels.
23. The system of any of Claims 20-22, wherein the one or more processors automatically segment the plurality of pixels using a segmentation algorithm comprising a convolutional neural network.
24. The system of Claim 23, wherein the segmentation algorithm is at least one of a U-Net comprising a plurality of convolutional layers and a SegNet comprising a plurality of convolutional layers.
25. The system of any of Claims 1-24, wherein the one or more quantitative features of the subset of the plurality of pixels comprise one or more aggregate quantitative features of the plurality of pixels.
26. The system of Claim 25, wherein the one or more aggregate quantitative features of the subset of the plurality of pixels are selected from the group consisting of a mean of the reflectance intensity values of the pixels of the subset, a standard deviation of the reflectance intensity values of the pixels of the subset, and a median reflectance intensity value of the pixels of the subset.
27. The system of any of Claims 1-26, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
individually apply a plurality of filter kernels to the image by convolution to generate a plurality of image transformations;
construct a 3D matrix from the plurality of image transformations; and determine one or more quantitative features of the 3D matrix, wherein the at least one scalar value is generated based on the one or more quantitative features of the subset of the plurality of pixels and on the one or more quantitative features of the 3D matrix.
28. The system of Claim 27, wherein the one or more quantitative features of the 3D matrix are selected from the group consisting of a mean of the values of the 3D
94 matrix, a standard deviation of the values of the 3D matrix, a median value of the 3D matrix, and a product of the mean and the median of the 3D matrix.
29. The system of Claim 28, wherein the at least one scalar value is generated based on the mean of the reflectance intensity values of the pixels of the subset, the standard deviation of the reflectance intensity values of the pixels of the subset, the median reflectance intensity value of the pixels of the subset, the mean of the values of the 3D matrix, the standard deviation of the values of the 3D matrix, and the median value of the 3D matrix.
30. The system of any of Claims 1-29, wherein the at least one light detection element is further configured to collect light of at least a second wavelength after being reflected from the tissue region, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive a second signal from the at least one light detection element, the second signal representing light of the second wavelength reflected from the tissue region;
determine, based on the second signal, a reflectance intensity value at the second wavelength for each pixel of at least the subset of the plurality of pixels; and
determine one or more additional quantitative features of the subset of the plurality of pixels based on the reflectance intensity values of each pixel at the second wavelength;
wherein the at least one scalar value is generated based at least in part on the one or more additional quantitative features of the subset of the plurality of pixels.
95
31. A system for wound assessment, the system comprising:
at least one light detection element configured to collect light of at least a first wavelength after being reflected form a tissue region comprising a wound; and
one or more processors in communication with the at least one light detection element and configured to:
receive a signal from the at least one light detection element, the signal representing light of the first wavelength reflected from the tissue region;
generate, based on the signal, an image having a plurality of pixels depicting the tissue region;
determine, based on the signal, a reflectance intensity value at the first wavelength for each pixel of the plurality of pixels; and automatically segment, using a machine learning algorithm, individual pixels of the plurality of pixels into at least a first subset of the plurality of pixels comprising wound pixels and a second subset of the plurality of pixels comprising non-wound pixels, based on individual reflectance intensity values of the plurality of pixels.
32. The system of Claim 31, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to automatically segment the second subset of the plurality of pixels into at least two categories of non-wound pixels, the at least two categories selected from the group consisting of callus pixels, normal skin pixels, and background pixels.
33. The system of Claim 31 or 32, wherein the machine learning algorithm comprises a convolutional neural network.
34. The system of Claim 33, wherein the machine learning algorithm is at least one of a U-Net comprising a plurality of convolutional layers and a SegNet comprising a plurality of convolutional layers.
96
35. The system of any of Claims 31-34, wherein the machine learning algorithm is trained based on a dataset comprising a plurality of segmented images of wounds, ulcers, or bums.
36. The system of any of Claims 31-35, wherein the wound is a diabetic foot ulcer.
37. The system of any of Claims 31-36, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to output a visual representation of the segmented plurality of pixels for display to a user.
38. The system of Claim 37, wherein the visual representation comprises the image having each pixel displayed with a particular visual representation selected based on the segmentation of the pixel, wherein wound pixels and non-wound pixels are displayed in different visual representations.
39. A method of predicting wound healing using the system of any of Claims 1-30, the method comprising:
illuminating the tissue region with light of at least the first wavelength such that the tissue region reflects at least a portion of the light to the at least one light detection element;
using the system to generate the at least one scalar value; and determining the predicted healing parameter over the predetermined time interval.
40. The method of Claim 39, wherein illuminating the tissue region comprises activating one or more light emitters configured to emit light of at least the first wavelength.
41. The method of Claim 39, wherein illuminating the tissue region comprises exposing the tissue region to ambient light.
42. The method of any of Claims 39-41, wherein determining the predicted healing parameter comprises determining an expected percent area reduction of the wound over the predetermined time interval.
43. The method of any of Claims 39-42, further comprising:
measuring one or more dimensions of the wound after the predetermined time interval has elapsed following the determination of the predicted amount of healing of the wound;
determining an actual amount of healing of the wound over the predetermined time interval; and
updating at least one machine learning algorithm of the one or more machine learning algorithms by providing at least the image and the actual amount of healing of the wound as training data.
44. The method of any of Claims 39-43, further comprising selecting between a standard wound care therapy and an advanced wound care therapy based at least in part on the predicted healing parameter.
45. The method of Claim 44, wherein selecting between the standard wound care therapy and the advanced wound care therapy comprises:
when the predicted healing parameter indicates that the wound, preferably a DFU, will heal or close by greater than 50% in 30 days, indicating or applying one or more standard therapies selected from the group consisting of optimization of nutritional status, debridement by any means to remove devitalized tissue, maintenance of a clean moist bed of granulation tissue with appropriate moist dressings, necessary therapy to resolve any infection that may be present, addressing any deficiencies in vascular perfusion to the extremity with the DFU, offloading of pressure from the DFU, and appropriate glucose control; and
when the predicted healing parameter indicates that the wound, preferably a DFU, will not heal or close by greater than 50% in 30 days, indicating or applying one or more advanced care therapies selected from the group consisting of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, negative-pressure wound therapy, bioengineered skin substitutes, synthetic growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, matrix metalloproteinase modulators, and electrical stimulation therapy.
PCT/US2019/065820 2018-12-14 2019-12-11 Machine learning systems and methods for assessment, healing prediction, and treatment of wounds Ceased WO2020123724A1 (en)

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BR112021011132-8A BR112021011132A2 (en) 2018-12-14 2019-12-11 MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR WOUND ASSESSMENT, PREDICTION AND WOUND TREATMENT
CN201980087443.XA CN113260303B (en) 2018-12-14 2019-12-11 Machine learning system and method for assessing, healing predicting and treating wounds
KR1020247036978A KR20240163190A (en) 2018-12-14 2019-12-11 Machine learning systems and methods for assessment, healing prediction, and treatment of wounds
KR1020217021623A KR102728475B1 (en) 2018-12-14 2019-12-11 Machine learning systems and methods for assessing, predicting healing, and treating wounds
JP2021533805A JP7261883B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2019-12-11 Machine learning system for wound assessment, healing prediction and treatment
EP19894740.0A EP3893733A4 (en) 2018-12-14 2019-12-11 MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR EVALUATION, PREDICTION OF HEALING AND TREATMENT OF WOUNDS
US16/738,911 US10783632B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2020-01-09 Machine learning systems and method for assessment, healing prediction, and treatment of wounds
US17/013,336 US11599998B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2020-09-04 Machine learning systems and methods for assessment, healing prediction, and treatment of wounds
US18/177,493 US11948300B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2023-03-02 Machine learning systems and methods for assessment, healing prediction, and treatment of wounds
JP2023063250A JP7574354B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2023-04-10 A machine learning system for wound assessment, healing prediction and treatment
US18/620,830 US12444050B2 (en) 2018-12-14 2024-03-28 Machine learning systems and methods for assessment, healing prediction, and treatment of wounds
JP2024180995A JP2025013851A (en) 2018-12-14 2024-10-16 A machine learning system for wound assessment, healing prediction and treatment

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