WO2020191972A1 - Nature determination system and nature determination method for ultrasonically detected defect - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are a nature determination system and nature determination method for an ultrasonically detected defect, the system and method being implemented on the basis of an ultrasonic phased array P-scanning imaging apparatus. By means of the ultrasonic phased array P-scanning imaging apparatus, a traditional ultrasonic detection equivalent method can be implemented, and a structural defect, such as a welding joint defect of an object, can be qualitatively evaluated by means of a P-scanning imaging technique. For example, for a welding joint defect of an object, the nature of the defect can be determined by means of the P-scanning imaging technique according to morphology features of the defect accompanied by a welding groove structure, a welding method, a defect position, etc., such that the morphology of the defect of the object is reconstructed and reproduced so as to achieve a corresponding aim, ultrasonic nature determination detection.

Description

A qualitative system and method for ultrasonic detection of defects Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic non-destructive testing, in particular to a qualitative system and method for ultrasonic testing defects.

Background technique

Structural defects are one of the important indicators used to reflect and evaluate the overall condition of the object structure. The structural defects have important reference significance for studying the physical properties of macroscopic objects and microscopic objects. For macroscopic objects, structural defects will affect the structural stability of macroscopic objects. In particular, the distribution density, shape and size of structural defects will have an important impact on the structural stability of macroscopic objects. Qualitative analysis can get good information about the internal structure of macroscopic objects, and such macroscopic objects especially include different forms of engineering structures such as bridges, tunnels or high-rise buildings. Qualitative analysis of the internal structural defects of the above-mentioned engineering structures can help engineers Determine the corresponding maintenance and reinforcement measures to effectively extend the service life of the engineering structure; for microscopic objects, structural defects will affect the physical properties of the microscopic objects themselves. Similarly, the distribution density, shape and size of the structural defects will It has an impact on the mechanical, optical, thermal and other physical properties of microscopic objects. The qualitative analysis of the structural defects of microscopic objects can determine the direction of the physical properties of microscopic objects due to the existence of structural defects. Such microscopic substances are especially Including different types of basic substances such as crystals, qualitative analysis of the internal structural defects of microscopic objects can help researchers determine the synthesis and production processes and processes of microscopic substances to further improve the different physical properties of microscopic substances themselves.

At present, the detection of object structure defects is mainly realized by ultrasonic detection method. The theoretical basis of the implementation of the ultrasonic detection method is that if the object structure has a defect, the defect will affect the acoustic characteristics of the object in the vicinity of its location. After the ultrasonic wave passes through the defect, the corresponding reflected or transmitted ultrasonic wave propagation parameters will also change accordingly. By measuring the change of the reflected or transmitted ultrasonic wave transmission parameters, qualitative detection results about the defect can be obtained. Existing ultrasonic detection methods can only perform A-scan display. The A-scan display requires quantitative analysis based on a distance-amplitude curve. It cannot form an intuitive and accurate understanding of object defects. At the same time, it cannot be obtained through the A-scan display. With regard to specific information such as the location, nature, size, and orientation of the defect, the recordability of the object defect is not outstanding. In addition, the existing ultrasonic phased array technology has the problem of serious distortion for the imaging of object defects, and it also cannot perform accurate qualitative analysis of object defects based on the image formed by the ultrasonic phased array technology.

Summary of the invention

In the ultrasonic inspection of object defects, the existing ultrasonic A-scan imaging display technology and ultrasonic phased array inspection technology both have different degrees of defect imaging intuition, accuracy, recordability or imaging distortion. Insufficiency, subject to the above-mentioned problems, the existing ultrasonic detection methods for object defects are only at the stage of equivalent method detection, and the results of equivalent method detection cannot intuitively and clearly show the relevant data results of defect detection. This makes it difficult to qualitatively detect object structure defects, especially object welding joint defects, which severely restricts the application of ultrasonic testing in qualitative detection of object defects.

In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a qualitative system and method for ultrasonic detection of defects. The ultrasonic detection defect qualitative system and qualitative method are implemented based on an ultrasonic phased array P-scan imaging device. The P-scan imaging device can not only implement the traditional ultrasonic inspection equivalent method, but also use the P-scan imaging technology to qualitatively evaluate structural defects, such as object welding joint defects. For example, for object welding joint defects, the P-scan imaging technology can According to the morphological characteristics of the defect, the weld groove structure, welding method and defect location are used to determine the nature of the defect, so that the morphology of the object defect can be reconstructed and reproduced to achieve the corresponding ultrasonic qualitative inspection purpose.

The present invention provides an ultrasonic defect qualitative inspection system, which is characterized in that the ultrasonic inspection defect qualitative system includes:

The ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module is used to perform scanning and imaging operations on the target object to generate topography information about the target object;

A defect morphology feature extraction module for obtaining defect morphology feature parameters about the target object according to the ultrasonic echo signal from the target object;

The defect qualitative module is used to perform a qualitative evaluation operation on the defects existing in the target object according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters, so as to obtain a qualitative evaluation result about the defect of the target object;

Further, the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module further includes an ultrasonic phased array scanning submodule and a computed tomography imaging submodule; wherein the ultrasonic phased array scanning submodule is used to transmit an array of ultrasonic waves to The target is scanned and detected, so as to obtain cross-sectional scan information about the target; the computer tomography sub-module is used to perform a three-dimensional reconstruction operation on the target according to the cross-sectional scan information to obtain the shape Appearance information

Further, the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module includes an array-type ultrasonic transmitter, and each ultrasonic transmitter of the array-type ultrasonic transmitter sequentially emits ultrasonic waves in a specific order to change the propagation direction of the ultrasonic waves inside the target. In this way, the scanning and imaging operations are performed on different areas inside the target with ultrasonic waves having different incident angles;

Further, the computer tomography sub-module is configured to perform parallel scanning along the normal direction of the cross section of the target object according to the cross-sectional scan information, and simultaneously record the cross-sectional image information of the target object at different positions, thereby Reconstructing a front view, a top view, a side view, and a cross-sectional image of any depth about the target, so as to realize the three-dimensional reconstruction operation and obtain the real topography information;

Further, the defect shape extraction feature module includes an ultrasonic echo sensor and a signal processor, and the ultrasonic echo sensor is used to receive the array ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module after reaching the target. The ultrasonic echo signal, the signal processor is used to obtain the ultrasonic sound beam width of the ultrasonic echo at different angles and different depths in the ultrasonic echo signal, and obtain the ultrasonic sound beam width according to the ultrasonic sound beam width Characteristic parameters of defect morphology;

Further, the defect qualitative module is also used for the front view, the top view, the side view and the cross-sectional image of any depth of the target obtained by the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module, the defect morphology characteristic parameter, The location information of the defect in the target, the welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the target, and the welding method corresponding to the defect in the target to perform the qualitative evaluation operation and obtain the qualitative defect Evaluation results;

The present invention also provides a method for qualitative ultrasonic detection of defects, characterized in that the method for qualitative ultrasonic detection of defects includes the following steps:

Step (1): Perform scanning and imaging operations on the target, so as to generate topographic information about the target;

Step (2): Obtain the defect morphology characteristic parameters of the target according to the ultrasonic echo signal fed back from the target;

Step (3), performing a qualitative evaluation operation on the defects existing in the target object according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters, so as to obtain a qualitative evaluation result about the defects of the target object;

Further, in step (1), generating the topography information specifically includes obtaining profile scan information about the target object by scanning and detecting the target object in an array form of ultrasound, and performing information about the profile based on the profile scan information. The three-dimensional reconstruction operation of the target object, so as to obtain the topography information; wherein the scanning and detection of the array ultrasonic wave on the target object specifically includes driving each ultrasonic transmitter in the array ultrasonic transmitter in a specific order to all The target emits ultrasonic waves, thereby changing the propagation direction of the ultrasonic waves inside the target, so that the ultrasonic waves with different incident angles scan, detect, and image different areas inside the target; The three-dimensional reconstruction operation specifically includes recording the cross-sectional image information of the target at different positions, so as to reconstruct the front view, the top view, the side view and the cross-sectional image of any depth of the target, so as to obtain the topography information;

Further, in step (2), according to the ultrasonic echo signal fed back from the target object, obtaining the defect morphology characteristic parameter about the target object specifically includes obtaining the ultrasonic echo signal with respect to different ultrasonic echoes. Ultrasonic beam widths at different angles and different depths, and obtaining the defect morphology characteristic parameters according to the ultrasonic beam width;

Further, in step (3), the qualitative evaluation operation is performed on the defects existing in the target object according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters, so as to obtain the qualitative evaluation result about the defect of the target object. The front view, the top view, the side view and the cross-sectional image of any depth of the target object, the characteristic parameters of the defect morphology, the position information of the defect in the target object, the welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the target object, Performing the qualitative evaluation operation by the welding method corresponding to the defect generated in the target and obtaining the qualitative evaluation result of the defect;

Compared with the prior art, the ultrasonic detection defect qualitative system and qualitative method of the present invention are realized based on the ultrasonic phased array P-scan imaging device, which can implement the traditional ultrasonic inspection equivalent method. In addition, P-scan imaging technology can be used to qualitatively evaluate structural defects, such as welding joint defects of objects. The ultrasonic detection defect qualitative system and qualitative method mainly use ultrasonic phased array technology, computer tomography technology and defect extraction technology. To perform qualitative evaluation of object defects, so as to reconstruct and reproduce the morphology of object defects in order to achieve the corresponding ultrasonic qualitative inspection purposes.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become obvious from the description, or understood by implementing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures specifically pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Description of the drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic defect qualitative system provided by the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for qualitative ultrasonic detection of defects provided by the present invention.

detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic defect qualitative inspection system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The ultrasonic inspection defect qualitative system includes an ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module, a defect shape feature extraction module and a defect qualitative module. Wherein, the ultrasonic defect detection qualitative system may include, but is not limited to, qualitatively detect the internal structure defect or the external structure defect of the object. Further, the internal structure defect of the object may preferably include the internal structure of the object due to stress or thermal imbalance. Defects, the external structural defects of the object may preferably include defects in the welding joint of the object due to welding of components. In fact, the ultrasonic defect qualitative detection system and qualitative method of the present invention have a better defect qualitative effect on the above-mentioned object welded joint defects, and the ultrasonic defect qualitative system and qualitative method of the present invention are also preferably aimed at object welded joints. Defects. To put it simply, the ultrasonic inspection defect qualitative system is mainly based on ultrasonic phased array technology, computer tomography technology and defect extraction technology based on sound field characteristics to qualitatively detect object defects; accordingly, the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging The module has two different functions: ultrasonic phased array scanning and computer tomography. The defect feature extraction module has the function of defect extraction based on acoustic field features, that is, the ultrasonic detection defect qualitative system is essentially an ultrasonic phased array P The scanning imaging device performs ultrasonic scanning, tomographic imaging, and defect extraction on the object defect through the internally integrated different functional modules, so as to finally obtain the qualitative evaluation result of the object defect.

Specifically, the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module is used to perform scanning and imaging operations on the target, so as to generate topography information about the target. Preferably, the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module may include an ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module and a computed tomography imaging sub-module; wherein the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module is used to transmit an array of ultrasonic waves to the target object. Perform scan detection to obtain cross-sectional scan information about the target; the computer tomography sub-module is used to perform a three-dimensional reconstruction operation on the target according to the cross-sectional scan information to obtain topographic information about the target . It can be seen that the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module has ultrasonic phased array scanning, and the computed tomography sub-module has a computer tomography function. Because the computer tomography can reconstruct the three-dimensional structure image of the target object to obtain an intuitive understanding of the three-dimensional structure of the target object, and the execution of the computer tomography is based on the cross-sectional scan information about the target object obtained from the ultrasonic phased array scan And what is obtained, that is, the computer tomography is performed on the basis of the structural defects of the target obtained by the ultrasonic phased array scanning, and the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module sequentially performs the ultrasonic phased array scanning of the target object The two interrelated detection steps of computed tomography and computed tomography can organically combine the existing computed tomography technology and ultrasound phased array scanning technology, so that the three-dimensional reconstructed image obtained by computed tomography contains ultrasound The defect information detected by phased array scanning imaging can further improve the accuracy and distinguishability of qualitative detection of object structure defects.

Further, the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module includes an array ultrasonic transmitter for scanning and projecting an ultrasonic wave with a specific shape distribution to the target; wherein, the array ultrasonic transmitter includes several Ultrasonic transmitters composed of a specific array arrangement form, preferably, the specific array arrangement form may include, but is not limited to, a linear array form, a two-dimensional rectangular array form, a two-dimensional circular array form, or a two-dimensional circular array form; Each ultrasonic transmitter in the array type ultrasonic transmitter preferably works relatively independently, and can independently project ultrasonic waves to the target. In fact, the ultrasonic waves generated by the array ultrasonic reflectors with different array arrangements have different distribution shapes, and the ultrasonic scans with different distribution shapes will generate different transmitted or reflected ultrasonic waves after being projected on the target. Considering the above considerations, those skilled in the art can select an array-type ultrasonic reflector with a suitable distribution shape according to the actual shape and size of the target, so that the target can obtain a complete ultrasonic scan. Preferably, the linear The ultrasonic transmitter in the form of an array is suitable for a target with an elongated shape, the ultrasonic transmitter in the form of a two-dimensional rectangular array or a two-dimensional circular array is suitable for a target with a flat shape, and the ultrasonic transmitter in the form of a two-dimensional annular array The device is suitable for three-dimensional objects with similar dimensions in the three-dimensional direction.

Further, the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module also includes a clock unit and an actuator array unit. Wherein, the clock unit is used to generate a timing signal, the timing signal is transmitted to the array type ultrasonic transmitter, and then the array type ultrasonic transmitter will drive each ultrasonic transmitter to transmit in a specific order according to the timing signal Ultrasound; Preferably, the timing signal may be a clock signal composed of a series of high and low levels, where the high and low level sets include a number of high and low level logic sequences, and each high and low level logic sequence includes only one high voltage Level, the only high level is used to indicate that the ultrasonic transmitter corresponding to the ultrasonic wave needs to be driven currently, that is, the array ultrasonic transmitter will perform corresponding ultrasonic transmission according to each high and low level logic sequence in the high and low level set The drive control of the device to ensure that only one ultrasonic transmitter emits ultrasonic waves at the same time. In addition, the actuator array unit includes several actuators, where the number of the actuators is the same as the ultrasonic transmitter data of the array ultrasonic transmitter, and each actuator corresponds to only one ultrasonic transmitter. . The actuator is used to change the ultrasonic projection angle of the ultrasonic transmitter to the target, that is, the actuator can change the propagation direction of ultrasonic waves inside the target, so that the array ultrasonic transmitter can have different incident angles. The ultrasonic waves scan and image different areas inside the target. Preferably, the actuator may be, but is not limited to, a one-dimensional linear actuator or a two-dimensional planar actuator, wherein the one-dimensional linear actuator can change the angle at which the ultrasonic transmitter projects ultrasonic waves in a single direction, The two-dimensional planar actuator can change the angle at which the ultrasonic transmitter projects ultrasonic waves in two mutually perpendicular directions. Preferably, each actuator in the actuator array unit can work independently of each other at the same time, or work only during the period when its corresponding ultrasonic transmitter emits ultrasonic waves.

Further, the computer tomography sub-module is used to perform parallel scanning along the normal direction of the target profile based on the profile scan information from the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module, and the computer tomography sub-module also records the The corresponding cross-sectional image information of the target object at different scanning positions is used to reconstruct the front view, the top view, the side view and the cross-sectional image of any depth about the target object, so as to realize the three-dimensional reconstruction operation and obtain the topography information. In fact, after the computer tomography sub-module receives the cross-sectional scan information, the cross-sectional scan information is converted into scan path information, and the scan path information is used to indicate the tomographic scan line of the computer tomography sub-module.

Specifically, the defect shape feature extraction module is used to obtain the defect shape feature parameters of the target object according to the ultrasonic echo signal from the target object. Preferably, the defect shape extraction feature module may include an ultrasonic echo sensor and a signal processor, and the ultrasonic echo sensor is used to receive the array ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module to form after reaching the target. The signal processor is used to obtain the ultrasonic beam width of the ultrasonic echo at different angles and different depths in the ultrasonic echo signal, and obtain the characteristic parameter of the defect shape according to the ultrasonic beam width .

Further, the defect qualitative module can be used to perform a qualitative evaluation operation on the defects existing in the target object according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters, so as to obtain the qualitative evaluation result of the defect of the target object. The defect qualitative module is also used for the front view, top view, side view, and cross-sectional images of any depth of the target obtained by the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module, the defect morphology feature parameters, and the location of the defect in the target The location information of the target, the welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the target, and the welding method corresponding to the defect in the target to perform the qualitative evaluation operation and obtain the qualitative evaluation result of the defect.

Correspondingly, referring to FIG. 2, it is a schematic flowchart of a method for qualitative ultrasonic detection of defects according to an embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, the ultrasonic defect qualitative method is realized based on the ultrasonic defect qualitative system shown in FIG. 1. Specifically, the qualitative method for ultrasonic detection of defects may include the following steps:

Step (1): Perform scanning and imaging operations on the target to generate topography information about the target.

Further, in this step (1), generating the topography information specifically includes obtaining profile scan information about the target object by performing an array ultrasonic scanning detection on the target object, and performing information about the target object based on the profile scan information. The three-dimensional reconstruction operation to obtain the topography information; wherein, the scanning and detection of the ultrasonic array in the form of the target object specifically includes driving each ultrasonic transmitter in the array ultrasonic transmitter in a specific order to emit ultrasonic waves to the target object in turn, thereby Change the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave inside the target, so that the ultrasonic waves with different incident angles scan, detect and image different areas inside the target; the three-dimensional reconstruction operation on the target specifically includes recording the target at different The cross-sectional image information at the position is used to reconstruct the front view, top view, side view, and cross-sectional image of any depth of the target object, thereby obtaining the topographic information.

Step (2), according to the ultrasonic echo signal fed back from the target object, obtain the defect morphology characteristic parameter of the target object.

Further, in this step (2), according to the ultrasonic echo signal fed back from the target object, obtaining the characteristic parameters of the defect morphology of the target object specifically includes obtaining the ultrasonic echo signal regarding the ultrasonic echo at different angles and The ultrasonic beam width at different depths, and the defect morphology characteristic parameters are obtained according to the ultrasonic beam width.

In step (3), a qualitative evaluation operation is performed on the defects existing in the target object according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters, so as to obtain a qualitative evaluation result of the defect in the target object.

Further, in this step (3), the qualitative evaluation operation is performed on the defects existing in the target object according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters, so as to obtain the qualitative evaluation result about the defect of the target object. Front view, top view, side view and cross-sectional images of any depth, the defect morphology feature parameters, the position information of the defect in the target, the welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the target, and the defect in the target Use the corresponding welding method to perform the qualitative evaluation operation and obtain the qualitative evaluation result of the defect.

Preferably, the qualitative evaluation result of the defect obtained through the qualitative evaluation operation can be realized according to the following calculation model:

The front view, top view, side view and cross-sectional images of any depth, the defect morphology feature parameters, the position information of the defect in the target, and the welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the high target, are generated in the target Different parameters such as the welding method corresponding to the defect form a parameter matrix, and then first consider the importance of each parameter in the entire target, and then consider the qualification of each parameter under its corresponding standard for analysis. So as to get an overall defect qualitative evaluation score.

Among them, in considering the importance of each parameter in the entire target, the importance is calculated by the following formula

In the above formula, I _i is the importance of the i-th parameter in the entire target, k _ij is the corresponding score when the relative importance of the i-th parameter is the j-th level, and j is the classification of the evaluation of each parameter Level, m is the total number of parameters, n is the total number of classification levels, r _j is the importance of the number of parameters corresponding to the j-th level;

In considering the qualification degree of each parameter under its corresponding standard, the qualification degree is calculated by the following formula

In the above formula, P _i is the i th parameter of the degree of conformity, X _il i-th in the l-th parameter corresponding to the standard value, due to the different needs of different parameters that standard, it is the Y _l The number of parameters corresponding to the standard under the l standard, m is the total number of parameters, and k is the total number of standards.

Then integrate the above two formulas to obtain the corresponding overall defect qualitative evaluation score

In the above formula, Q is the overall defect qualitative evaluation score, and X _T is the highest score corresponding to all standards. Finally, a preset value is compared with the overall defect qualitative evaluation score Q to obtain the defect qualitative evaluation result.

In addition, the ultrasonic flaw detection qualitative system and qualitative method are realized based on the ultrasonic flaw qualitative technology. The ultrasonic flaw qualitative technology can also be called the phased array ultrasonic inspection technology. The phased array ultrasonic inspection technology is controlled by the array The delay time of the reception and emission of each element of the probe forms the focus and scan of the synthesized acoustic beam, so as to achieve various scanning effects such as polarization and focus of the ultrasound beam, and finally realize high-resolution ultrasound defect imaging within the scanning range . The specific implementation of the ultrasonic defect qualitative technology (or phased array ultrasonic inspection technology) may include, but is not limited to, the construction of an ultrasonic phased array inspection system based on raw data, or a reflector shape extraction system based on sound field characteristics and extraction Methods and other actual operations. In the actual operations listed above, the ultrasonic defect qualitative technology in the phased array ultrasonic emission state, the array elements in the array transducer are excited in sequence according to a certain delay law, and the generated ultrasonic emission sub-beams are combined in space to form a corresponding The focus point and directivity of each element can be changed by changing the delay law of the excitation of each element, and the beam direction of the focal position can be changed to form a scanning focus within a certain spatial range.

Furthermore, in the actual operation of the ultrasonic phased array inspection system based on raw data, it is specifically based on the ultrasonic inspection defect qualitative technology. After receiving the ultrasonic echo signal from the object under test, the ultrasonic echo The wave signal directly performs analog-to-digital conversion processing and beam synthesis processing to generate original data information, and directly performs imaging processing based on the original data information and directly saves the original data information for subsequent analysis and calculation of the source data; in addition, In the actual operation of the reflector shape extraction system and extraction method based on acoustic field characteristics, it is specifically based on the ultrasonic flaw detection qualitative technology, projecting ultrasonic waves to a reflector, and detecting that the reflector reflects the ultrasonic waves. Regarding the ultrasonic echoes of different receiving angles and different depths, a targeted signal processing operation is performed on the ultrasonic echoes to extract the topographic characteristics of the reflector and calculate the corresponding topographic feature parameters. Although the above two different forms of actual operations have different ultrasonic emission, reception and processing procedures, the detection objects of these two different forms of actual operations are also different, but these two actual operations are all ultrasonic detection Defect qualitative technology is the basic detection technology, both of which are adaptive system adjustments on the basis of ultrasonic defect qualitative technology; it can be seen that the ultrasonic defect qualitative system and qualitative method of the present invention are essentially ultrasonic defect detection The basic technology, its purpose is to provide the ultrasonic defect detection principle and data processing basis based on the ultrasonic phased array P-scan method, and on this basis, in the case of specific defect detection objects or different detection data, the ultrasonic detection The defect qualitative technology performs the conversion of different realization modes, so as to obtain the aforementioned ultrasonic phased array detection system based on the original data, or the reflector shape extraction system and extraction method based on the sound field characteristics.

It can be seen from the above embodiments that the ultrasonic defect qualitative system and method are based on the ultrasonic phased array P-scan imaging device. The ultrasonic phased array P-scan imaging device can implement the traditional ultrasonic inspection equivalent method. P-scan imaging technology can also be used to qualitatively evaluate structural defects, such as object welded joint defects. For example, for object welded joint defects, the P-scan imaging technology can be supplemented by weld groove structure according to the morphological characteristics of the defect , Welding method and defect location, etc. to determine the nature of the defect, so as to reconstruct the appearance of the object defect to achieve the corresponding ultrasonic qualitative inspection purpose.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

An ultrasonic defect qualitative system for detecting defects, wherein the ultrasonic defect qualitative system for detecting defects includes: The ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module is used to perform scanning and imaging operations on the target to generate topographic information about the target; A defect morphology feature extraction module for obtaining defect morphology feature parameters about the target object according to the ultrasonic echo signal from the target object; The defect qualitative module is used to perform a qualitative evaluation operation on the defects existing in the target object according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters, so as to obtain a qualitative evaluation result about the defect of the target object. The ultrasonic inspection defect qualitative system according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module further comprises an ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module and a computed tomography imaging sub-module; wherein, the ultrasonic phased array The scanning sub-module is used to emit an array of ultrasonic waves to scan and detect the target, thereby obtaining cross-sectional scan information about the target; the computer tomography sub-module is used to perform scanning based on the cross-sectional scan information A three-dimensional reconstruction operation on the target object to obtain the topography information. The ultrasonic inspection defect qualitative system according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic phased array scanning sub-module includes an array ultrasonic transmitter, and each ultrasonic transmitter of the array ultrasonic transmitter emits sequentially in a specific order Ultrasonic waves are used to change the propagation direction of ultrasonic waves inside the target, so that the scanning and imaging operations are performed on different areas inside the target with ultrasonic waves having different incident angles. The ultrasonic inspection defect qualitative system according to claim 2, wherein the computer tomography sub-module is used to perform parallel scanning along the normal direction of the target profile according to the profile scan information, and simultaneously record The cross-sectional image information of the target at different positions to reconstruct the front view, the top view, the side view and the cross-sectional image of any depth about the target, so as to realize the three-dimensional reconstruction operation and obtain the real topography information. The ultrasonic inspection defect qualitative system according to claim 1, wherein the defect shape extraction feature module includes an ultrasonic echo sensor and a signal processor, and the ultrasonic echo sensor is used to receive signals from the ultrasonic phase control The ultrasonic echo signal formed by the array ultrasonic wave of the array scanning imaging module after reaching the target, the signal processor is used to obtain the ultrasonic echo signal at different angles and different depths in the ultrasonic echo signal The width of the sound beam, and the defect morphology characteristic parameter is obtained according to the width of the ultrasonic sound beam. The ultrasonic inspection defect qualitative system according to claim 1, wherein the defect qualitative module is also used to obtain a front view, a top view, and a side view of the target according to the ultrasonic phased array scanning imaging module. And any depth section image, the defect morphology characteristic parameter, the position information of the defect in the target, the welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the target, and the welding corresponding to the defect in the target Method to perform the qualitative evaluation operation and obtain the qualitative evaluation result of the defect. A method for qualitative ultrasonic inspection defects using the ultrasonic inspection defect qualitative system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ultrasonic inspection defect qualitative method comprises the following steps: Step (1): Perform scanning and imaging operations on the target, so as to generate topographic information about the target; Step (2): Obtain the defect morphology characteristic parameters of the target according to the ultrasonic echo signal fed back from the target; In step (3), a qualitative evaluation operation is performed on the defects existing in the target object according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters, so as to obtain a qualitative evaluation result about the defects of the target object. The method for qualitative ultrasonic detection of defects according to claim 7, characterized in that: in step (1), generating the topography information specifically includes obtaining information about the target by scanning and detecting the target in an array of ultrasonic waves. According to the cross-sectional scan information of the object, the three-dimensional reconstruction operation of the target object is performed according to the cross-sectional scan information, so as to obtain the topography information; wherein the scanning and detection of the target object in the form of array ultrasound specifically includes Sequentially drive each ultrasonic transmitter in the array ultrasonic transmitter to emit ultrasonic waves to the target object in turn, thereby changing the propagation direction of the ultrasonic waves inside the target object, so that the ultrasonic waves with different incident angles have different effects on the target object. Areas are scanned, detected and imaged; the performing the three-dimensional reconstruction operation on the target specifically includes recording the cross-sectional image information of the target at different positions, so as to reconstruct the front view, top view, and side view of the target And a section image of any depth to obtain the topography information. The ultrasonic defect qualitative method according to claim 7, characterized in that: in step (2), according to the ultrasonic echo signal feedback from the target object, the specific parameters of the defect morphology of the target object are obtained. The method includes obtaining ultrasonic beam widths of the ultrasonic echo signals at different angles and different depths in the ultrasonic echo signal, and obtaining the defect shape characteristic parameters according to the ultrasonic beam width. The ultrasonic defect qualitative method according to claim 8, characterized in that: in step (3), qualitative evaluation operations are performed on the defects existing in the target according to the defect morphology characteristic parameters, so as to obtain The qualitative evaluation result of the defect of the target specifically includes a front view, a top view, a side view, and a cross-sectional image of any depth about the target, the defect morphology characteristic parameter, and the location of the defect in the target Information, the welding groove structure corresponding to the defect in the target, and the welding method corresponding to the defect in the target to perform the qualitative evaluation operation and obtain the qualitative evaluation result of the defect.

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