WO2020186368A1 - Nanoburbujas de 1-metilciclopropeno modificado (1-mcp) - Google Patents
Nanoburbujas de 1-metilciclopropeno modificado (1-mcp) Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020186368A1 WO2020186368A1 PCT/CL2020/050019 CL2020050019W WO2020186368A1 WO 2020186368 A1 WO2020186368 A1 WO 2020186368A1 CL 2020050019 W CL2020050019 W CL 2020050019W WO 2020186368 A1 WO2020186368 A1 WO 2020186368A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/16—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
Definitions
- the present invention refers to the generation of modified 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) nanobubbles that present a high degree of stability in aqueous solution and that allow to inhibit the action of ethylene in different biological processes, such as fruit ripening, inhibition of processes associated with senescence and loss of chlorophyll in plant organs under stress conditions. In addition, they can reduce the action of ethylene in the metabolism of plants, making it less susceptible to water stress, stress due to low temperature, stress due to soil conditions, among others.
- 1-MCP 1-methylcyclopropene
- Ethylene is a compound with a simple chemical structure, an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains only 2 carbons and a double bond that unites them and, which is present in plants, influencing the ripening and falling of fruits, through the regulation of various bio- processes and senescence (Zacar ⁇ as, 1993 “Ethylene”; Faust, 1989 “Physiology of temperate zones trees”). Its gaseous nature gives it special characteristics, unique among the different phyto-regulators (Becerra, 2005 “Evaluation of 1-mcp (1 -methyclicopropen), as an ethylene inhibitor in the ripening ofkiwi fruits ”).
- Ethylene has two roles in the post-harvest, on the one hand, it causes the fruits to acquire optimal organoleptic characteristics for consumption, but it is also responsible for the senescence of the tissues, generating unfavorable effects on their quality (Bapat et al. , 2010 "Ripening of fleshy fruit: Molecular insight and the role of ethylene”). Ethylene also participates in the fall of flowers that is directly related to the fruit set. Likewise, ethylene is a plant hormone that participates in multiple processes in response to various types of stress (mechanical damage, drought, flood, diseases, pests), senescence, flowering in some plants, induction of root hairs, root elongation, synthesis of pigments and aromas, and degradation of chlorophyll.
- Inhibition of the action of ethylene can produce beneficial effects, for example, in the transport and storage of fruits.
- beneficial effects of inhibiting the action of ethylene the delay in the fruit ripening process, inhibition of processes associated with senescence and loss of chlorophyll in plant organs, under stress conditions, the reduction of the action of ethylene in the metabolism of a plant, making it less susceptible to water stress, stress due to low temperature, stress due to soil conditions.
- Ethylene is also directly associated with any type of stress that plants may have, therefore, tools that inhibit hormones or ethylene in the different mentioned stress processes. previously, they would generate considerable changes in pre and post harvest, for example, of fruits.
- Chemical ripening retardants can be classified into ethylene synthesis inhibitors, which include products such as amino ethoxy-vinyl glycine (AVG) and amino oxyacetic acid (AOA); inhibitors of ethylene signaling (action), such as 1-methylcyclopropene (1 -MCP) and silver salts (silver nitrate and thiosulfate) (Serek et al., 2006 “Controlling ethylene responses in flowers at the receptor level”), among others.
- Another group of retardants are ethylene oxidants, with KMnÜ4 potassium permanganate being the most important product (Wills and Warton, 2004 “Efficacy of potassium permanganate impregnated into alumina beads to reduce atmospheric ethylene”).
- 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-methylcyclopropene) is a plant synthesis regulator that acts as an inhibitor of the action of ethylene.
- 1-MCP C4H6
- 1-MCP C4H6
- a cyclic olefin at standard temperature and pressure it is a gas with a molecular weight of 54 g / mol (Blankenship and Dole, 2003 ⁇ -Methylcyclopropene: A Review. Postharvest Biology and Technology ”).
- 1 -MCP occupies ethylene receptors irreversibly, blocking the signal transduction cascade that leads to the expression of genes related to the response to ethylene (In et al., 2013 “-MCP occupies ethylene receptors irreversibly, blocking the signal transduction Cascade that leads to the expression of genes related to the response to ethylene ”).
- the affinity of 1 -MCP for receptors is ten times greater than that of ethylene and acts at lower concentrations, it also regulates ethylene biosynthesis through the inhibition of a self-catalytic process (Blankenship and Dole, 2003 “1 - Methylcyclopropene : A Review. Postharvest Biology and Technology ”).
- the compound is non-toxic, odorless, stable at room temperature, in addition, it is easy to apply and highly effective in protecting many agricultural species from the action of ethylene, including fruits, vegetables, cut flowers and potted plants (Serek et al. ., 2006 "Controlling ethylene responses in flowers at the receptor level”; Watkings, 2006 “The use of 1 -methylcyclopropene (1 - MCP) on fruits and vegetables”; Huber, 2008 "The use of 1 - methylcyclopropene (1 - MCP ) on fruits and vegetables ”).
- the concentration of 1 -MCP necessary to block the action of ethylene varies according to the species, culture, state of maturation, capacity for the production of new receptors, exposure time and temperature (Watkins, 2006 “The use of 1 -methylcyclopropene ( 1- MCP) on fruits and vegetables ”).
- Optimal doses vary between species, but Blankenship and Dole (2003) “Methylcyclopropene: A Review. Postharvest Biology and Technology ”report different concentrations and temperatures for the application of 1 -MCP, which can be found between 0.1 to 100 pL L _1 at 20 - 25 ° C for 6 to 24 h.
- the recommended concentration for products for commercial use is between 0.6 to 2.0 pL L _1 (according to product label).
- the present application proposes the generation of modified 1-MCP nanobubbles, which show a high degree of stability in aqueous solution and make it possible to inhibit the action of ethylene in different biological processes.
- Bubbles are air or gas-filled cavities within a liquid.
- bubbles In liquid, bubbles have internal equilibrium pressures, at least those found in the environment. Each bubble is surrounded by an interface that has different properties than the global solution. For example, surfactants can stabilize bubbles of all sizes, but bubbles they can also form without them. Large bubbles (> 100 pm in diameter) increase in size rapidly (> 6 mm s _1 ) and rise directly to the surface where they collapse and, consequently, disintegrate the air or gas contained in them.
- Microbubbles (1 pm - 100 pm in diameter), provide a higher surface area per unit volume than larger bubbles commonly seen due to their smaller size, they can be produced by numerous methods and have been used for solubilization of sludge, water purification, sewage treatment, drug administration and as a contrast agent together with ultrasound. Microbubbles are not stable for long periods ( ⁇ minutes), they rise slowly (10 -3 - 10 mm x s _1 ) and indirectly to the surface where they collapse, but the smallest ⁇ 20 pm in diameter) contract to form more stable and effective nanobubbles.
- Nanobubbles are normally present in lower amounts in aqueous solutions.
- the presence of cavitation nuclei is necessary in pure water, the formation of the nuclei allows the presence of air nanobubbles in the water, particularly when this water does not contain foreign microparticles and the container lacks wall defects (http: // www1.lsbu.ac.uk/water/nanobubble.html).
- Nanobubbles are generally recognized in the current scientific literature as those gaseous cavities with diameters less than one micron. Such cavities (bubbles) are often more than 100 nm in diameter, but the term 'nano' mainly applies to particles of smaller diameter ( ⁇ 100 nm, ISO / TS 27687: 2008).
- the surface area of a volume of bubbles is inversely proportional to the diameter of the bubble.
- 1 ml of bubbles with a radius of 100 nm (2 x 1,015 bubbles) has 1,000 times more surface area (60 m 2 ) than 1 ml of bubbles of
- Nanobubbles are extremely small bubbles (nanometric 10 -9 m) that are submerged and stabilized in water. It should be borne in mind that, in recent years, nanobubbles have been the focus of much attention in various fields of research due to their astonishing effects and, because the reason why they are so stable is still under discussion, challenging several basic principles. of gas thermodynamics.
- US 2017 202775 discloses a solution of free gas nanobubbles mixed with a lipid material to be used in contrast administration systems and / or drug administration by ultrasound, and belongs to the technical field of medicine.
- US 2016 166716 refers to a nanobubble comprising a continuous outer shell, the outer shell comprising a cross-linked polymeric material, an inner wall of the continuous outer shell and a hollow core within the continuous outer shell.
- document IN 2919 MU2013 discloses complexes of nanobubbles and nanoparticles comprising (i) nanobubbles with a composition of a phospholipid; an amphiphilic derivative of vitamin E; a gas and (ii) nanoparticles with a fatty acid composition; phospholipid; drug; pro apoptotic agent.
- the nanobubbles of nanobubble-nanoparticle complexes can be used as ultrasound contrast agents and also as drug-loaded GLS carriers.
- the Authors have investigated the application of micro and nano bubble technology for post harvest handling, formulating 1 -MCP preparations designed for use as aqueous micro and nano bubble (MNB) solutions. Through this research, it was concluded that micro and nanobubbles (1 -MCP- MNB) have the potential to be used and that they slow down the ripening of banana fruit, as well as other species.
- 1 -MCP-MNB the application of 1 -MCP-MNB mentioned by the authors requires an air nanobubble generator equipment, air that is injected into a pool with several liters of water and then the market product is dissolved.
- This product is a powder that contains 1 -MCP at 3% v / p encapsulated in cyclodextrin that when immersed in water in pools of approximately 25 liters, begins to rapidly release the 1 -MCP gas and the gas that is released into the atmosphere, rendering it useless. large amounts of said gas. Then the bananas are soaked to perform the treatment.
- This system generates a very complex process logistics, namely, transporting large amounts of water, in addition to requiring the purchase of the current product on the market that has 1 -MCP encapsulation. It is imperative to mention that the process proposed by the researchers in this publication is not portable, which is why direct applications cannot be made in the field.
- the present application proposes 1 -MCP nanobubbles modified with sugars for food use, which are presented in the form of additives containing nanobubbles in high concentrations, allowing a better efficiency of the 1 -MCP gas in the inhibition of the action of ethylene.
- nanobubbles of 1 -MCP modified with sugars are very stable and versatile since they are obtained in high concentrations that are applied as an additive, easy to transport and apply. These nanobubbles can be applied by spraying in conventional machinery, airplanes, drones, irrigation systems both in closed spaces and in large areas of the field, without diffusing the 1 -MCP gas into the atmosphere.
- the present invention describes the generation of sugar-modified 1-MCP nanobubbles that show a high degree of stability in aqueous solution to inhibit the action of ethylene in different biological processes.
- the stability of 1 -MCP nanobubbles is due to the fact that the 1 -MCP molecule is hydrophobic and of low solubility in aqueous solution compared to CO2.
- the presence of double bonds in the propyl ring contributes to the efficient packing of 1 -MCP molecules through pi-pi interactions, which are complemented by Van der Waals interactions. These two molecular interactions compensate for the volatility of the 1-MCP gas allowing stabilization of the nanobubble.
- a cavitation generation process is a fundamental element when producing the nanobubbles and, to successfully achieve the production of nanobubbles, it requires the generation of cavitations at the nano-scale level, which rapidly collect 1 -MCP gas molecules that are weakly solubilized in water.
- a cavitation generates a water-free micro-environment that is much more stable than its interaction with water. In the same way, cavitation can house a high number of gas molecules until the gas-gas repulsion exceeds the gas-water interaction.
- nano-cavities has a very short half-life, close to 2 microseconds, however, it has been observed through molecular simulations that a 6-nm cavity is filled with gas molecules in less than 200 picoseconds due to the high diffusion that gaseous molecules usually have in an aqueous medium.
- the present application proposes the use of small sugars for food use, which would interact with the surface of the nanobubble and also generate a network of hydrogen bonds between the sugars that would form a type of "decoration" or coating that surrounds the nanobubble.
- This will allow to obtain a nanobubble solution with a longer half-life and with a lower sensitivity to work and handling at the place of application, such as in crops or fields.
- the food grade sugar used to stabilize 1-MCP nanobubbles can be selected from sucrose esters, maltodextrins, starch of different types, hydroxymethyl cellulose, disaccharides and monosaccharides in general.
- the 1 -MCP nanobubbles modified with sugars proposed by the present application have a series of applications and uses, among which we can mention spraying with conventional machinery in installations of Fruit packing machines or packing, in different sectors such as: drench (place where the fruit is moistened with water), packing line, pre-cold, storage, refrigerated and transport. Field spraying can be done using conventional machinery, airplanes or drones.
- the present invention relates to the generation of 1-MCP nanobubbles modified with sugars for food use that have a size that varies between 50 and 600 nm.
- These nanobubbles show a high degree of stability in aqueous solution and make it possible to inhibit the action of ethylene in different biological processes. In addition, they can reduce the action of ethylene in the metabolism of plants, making it less susceptible to water stress, stress due to low temperature, stress due to soil conditions, among others.
- the present invention also relates to the method of preparation of 1-MCP nanobubbles modified with sugars, their different uses and applications.
- Figure 1 Synthesis of 1 -MCP in a simple distillation system.
- Figure 2 Synthesis of 1 -MCP with gas collection showing the reaction mixture of 1-methylcyclopropene with tetrahydrofuran (Figure 2A) and obtaining the precipitate at the end of the reaction ( Figure 2B).
- Figure 5 Results of dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis.
- Figure 6 Concentration of nanobubbles (particles / ml) v / s diameter in nanometers (Size nm) of 1-MCP nanobubbles modified with sugars.
- Figure 7 Size distribution of 1 -MCP nanobubbles, diameter in nanometers (Size nm) of 1 -MCP nanobubbles modified with sugars.
- Figure 8 Experimental design. The figure shows bananas separated into three groups that were sprayed with water, 1-MCP solution in cyclodextrin (SF), and modified 1-MCP nanobubbles (NBS). The fruits were also exposed to 1 ppm of ethylene for 24 h to accelerate the ripening process and later different parameters were evaluated.
- SF cyclodextrin
- NBS modified 1-MCP nanobubbles
- Figure 9A Photographic record of bananas after being exposed to 1 ppm of ethylene for 24 h and stored in air at 20 ° C.
- Figure 9B Photographic record of bananas after being exposed to 1 ppm of ethylene for 96 h and storage in air at 20 ° C
- Figure 10 Evolution of the color parameter a * (CIE 1976, color in the red-blue ranges) of bananas treated with water (control), 1 -MCP in cyclodextrin (SF) and modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles (NBS) after having been exposed to 1 ppm of ethylene for 24 h and storage in air at 20 ° C.
- CIE 1976 color in the red-blue ranges
- SF cyclodextrin
- NBS modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles
- Figure 1 1 Evolution of the color parameter b * (CIE 1976, color in the blue-yellow ranges) of bananas treated with water (control), 1 -MCP in cyclodextrin (SF) and modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles (NBS) after being exposed to 1 ppm of ethylene for 24 h and storage in air at 20 ° C.
- CIE 1976 color in the blue-yellow ranges
- SF cyclodextrin
- NBS modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles
- Figure 12 Evolution of the color parameter luminosity L * (CIE 1976) of bananas treated with water (control), 1 -MCP in cyclodextrin (SF) and nanobubbles of modified 1 -MCP (NBS) after being exposed to 1 ppm of ethylene for 24 h and storage in air at 20 ° C.
- CIE 1976 color parameter luminosity L *
- SF cyclodextrin
- NBS nanobubbles of modified 1 -MCP
- Figure 13 Cherry tree.
- Figure 14 Cherry tree after applying modified 1-MCP nanobubbles.
- Figure 15 Site selected to perform the application tests of modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles in blueberries.
- Figure 16 Selection of blueberry bushes marked with orange ribbons.
- Figure 17 Blueberry harvest with treatment.
- Figure 18 Cherry tails with treatment stored for 30 days at
- Figure 19 Staining of the tails of cherries with treatment nanobubbles 1 -MCP modified, stored 30 days at 0 and C.
- Figure 20 Cherry tails without treatment stored for 30 days at
- Figure 21 Coloration of cherry stems without treatment, stored for 30 days at 0 ° C.
- Figure 22 Post-harvest blueberries stored 30 days a.- without treatment; b and c.- with treatment of modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles.
- Figure 23 Group 1 (a) blueberries without treatment b and c.- blueberries treated with modified 1-MCP nanobubbles.
- the objective of the present application is the generation of 1-MCP nanobubbles modified with sugars for food use, which have a size that varies between 50 and 600 nm.
- the food-grade sugars used to stabilize the 1 -MCP nanobubbles are selected from the group consisting of sucrose esters, maltodextrins, starch of different types, hydroxymethyl cellulose, disaccharides, and monosaccharides in general.
- the concentration range of food-grade sugars in the modified 1-MCP nanobubble varies between 0.01 - 3 ppm and the concentration of 1-MCP nanobubbles in aqueous solution can vary between 0.01 ug / L - 3, 0 ug / L.
- these modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles show a high degree of stability in aqueous solution and allow to inhibit the action of ethylene in different biological processes, such as fruit ripening, inhibition of processes associated with senescence and loss of chlorophyll in organs. plants under stress conditions, reduction of the action of ethylene in the metabolism of a plant, making it less susceptible to water stress, stress due to low temperature, stress due to soil conditions, among others.
- sugars for food use have been selected through theoretical-experimental studies due to their safety and use in the food industry, in addition to their ability to form hydrogen bridges between them on the inter-facial area of the 1-MCP nanobubbles, which allows them to stabilize and increase their half-life for long periods of time (between 12 and 14 months).
- concentration of food-grade sugars in the modified 1-MCP nanobubbles varies between 0.01 ppm and 3 ppm, these concentrations being sufficient to stabilize nanobubbles that They have sizes that vary between 50 and 600 nanometers, with a predominant population between 100 - 200 nanometers.
- the modified 1-MCP nanobubbles of the present invention can be applied by spraying on vegetable products to inhibit or delay the action of ethylene, with conventional machinery in fruit packing or packing facilities, in different sectors such as: drench, packing line, pre-cold, refrigerated storage and transportation. Field spraying can be done using conventional machinery, airplanes or drones.
- the present invention refers to the method of preparation of modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles that comprises the steps of in situ preparation of the 1 -MCP nanobubbles and stabilization with the different sugars for food use.
- Method 1 Synthesis of 1 -MCP in a simple distillation system.
- sugars sucrose and starch
- salts were added to the different types in concentrations that are in the range of 0.01 ppm and 3 ppm.
- Agitation speed was 25,000 rpm at 2L volumes with spin exposures of 1-7 minutes.
- the optimal range of peripheral velocity was between 6 and 24 m / s. where the amount of power supplied to the system was 500 W.
- the preparation of sugar-modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles is carried out by dispersing the 1 -MCP gas in different aqueous solutions containing sugars for food use, selected from the group consisting of sucrose esters, maltodextrins, starch of different types, hydroxymethyl cellulose, disaccharides and monosaccharides in general, in a concentration that varies between 0.01 - 3 ppm.
- 1-Methylcyclopropene gas is used, obtained in situ from a Fisher and Douglas synthesis.
- Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis is a well-established and non-invasive technique to determine the stability of modified 1-MCP nanobubbles. to measure the size and size distribution of molecules and particles typically in the sub-micron region.
- Typical applications of dynamic light scattering are the characterization of particles that have been scattered or dissolved in a liquid.
- the Brownian motion of suspended particles or molecules causes the laser light to scatter at different intensities. From the analysis of these intensity fluctuations, the speed of the Brownian motion and, therefore, the particle size is obtained using the Stokes-Einstein relationship:
- D Ab [kT / (6 TT r ps)] Stokes-Einstein equation derived from hydrodynamic theory, applicable to the diffusion of colloidal particles through a solvent that behaves as a continuous medium.
- D ab Diffusion constant; r: radius of the solute; ps: viscosity of the solvent; kb: Boltzmann's constant; T: temperature; and TT: pi, irrational number.
- the size (hydrodynamic diameter) and size distribution of the stabilized 1 -MCP nanobubbles was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) with the Nano Zetasizer Malvern, model ZEN 3600. Sizing of modified 1-MCP nanobubbles by dynamic light scattering
- the modified 1-MCP nanobubble size analyzes were carried out by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS) in a Nano Zetasizer Malvern, model ZEN 3600, at a wavelength of 532 nm and a fixed angle of scattering of 173 °.
- the liquid sample (1 ml) was measured with a 1 cm light path cuvette. They were measured 12 times in triplicate to obtain a mean size distribution and its standard deviation.
- the Z potential of the modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles was determined in a Malvern Nano Zetasizer, model ZEN 3600 with a cuvette consisting of a U-shaped capillary using two flat parallel plate electrodes (disposable capillary cell, Malvern Instrument , UK), they were measured 12 times in triplicate in order to obtain means and standard deviation.
- the modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles were characterized with a NanoSight NS3Q0 equipment, in which nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) uses the properties of both light scattering and Brownian motion to obtain the particle size distribution.
- NTA nanoparticle tracking analysis
- samples in a liquid suspension A laser beam is passed through the sample chamber, and suspended particles in the beam path scatter the light in such a way that they can be easily seen through a 20x microscope at a far working distance, at the one with a video camera mounted. The camera captures a video file of the particles in a state of Brownian motion.
- Nanoparticle Trace Analysis (NTA) software performs a tracks many particles individually and uses the Stokes-Einstein equation to calculate their hydrodynamic diameters.
- Nanosight provides high-resolution measurements of particle size, concentration, and aggregation, as well as real-time monitoring of subtle changes in the characteristics of particle populations, with visual validation to confirm the analysis, where the permanence of a nanometric size and a population or concentration of the nanobubbles by me and their permanence in time.
- the 1-methylcyclopropene nanobubbles were characterized by DLS and Nanosight.
- Nanosight Table 2 Summary of results of size (149.7 nm) and concentration of nanobubbles of 1 -MCP (3.95 * 107) obtained by method 2 of synthesis.
- the 1 -MCP nanobubbles obtained by method 2 were characterized in Nanosight equipment, the results indicate that the nanobubbles have an average size of 148 nm, with a concentration of nanobubbles per mL of 4.1 1 * 10 7 (Table 3 ). Stability studies of modified 1-MCP nanobubbles
- This analysis consisted of measuring the size of the 1 -MCP nanobubbles at different times of evolution; 1, 2, 3, 24 and 192 hours (8 days, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year) at 4 ° C and 25 ° C.
- Nanobubbles were stored at 4 ° C and 25 ° C for 6 months, noting that the optimum storage is at 4 e C temperature.
- This analysis consisted of measuring critical diameters for different revolution times of the homogenizing equipment 10,000, 15,000, 20,000 and 25,000 RPM.
- Figure 5 shows a summary of the average percentage of 1 -MCP nanobubbles modified with sugars, according to their diameter in nanometers (Size statistics Report).
- the NanoZetasizer team's software delivers an average nanobubble size of 322 nanometers. Observations and / or conclusions from the summary report delivered by the nano zetasizer team software ( Figure 5): it can be observed that the 1 -MCP nanobubbles modified with sugars have an average diameter of 322 nm.
- Figure 6 shows the concentration of nanobubbles (particles / ml) v / s diameter in nanometers (Size nm) of 1-MCP nanobubbles modified with sugars and a summary delivered by the Nanosight team software of the average size of the nanobubbles in nanometers ( nm) with a concentration determined in nanobubbles / ml.
- Figure 10 shows the differences in the a * value (red-green range, CIE 1976) over time (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168 and 192 hours) for the control treatments (Red), SF (blue) and NBS (yellow).
- the bars represent the standard deviation, * corresponds to the statistical differences using the Tukey Test p ⁇ 0.05. It is observed that the control treatment had a color evolution of the skin, which is seen with a positive a * value due to advanced maturation, compared with fruits treated with 1 -MCP in cyclodextrin and modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles.
- Figure 1 1 shows the differences of the b * value (yellow-blue range), CIE 1976) over time (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168 and 192 hours) for the control treatments (Red ), SF (blue) and NBS (yellow). The bars represent the standard deviation, * corresponds to the statistical differences using the Tukey Test p ⁇ 0.05. After 192 h, the control presented a noticeable yellow color (49.31) due to an advanced state of maturation compared to the fruits treated with 1 -MCP in cyclodextrin and modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles.
- Figure 12 shows the differences in the L * value (luminosity, CIE 1976) over time (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168 and 192 hours) for the control treatments (Red), SF (blue ) and NBS (yellow). Bars represent standard deviation. The asterisks indicate statistical differences using the Tukey Test p ⁇ 0.05. These results indicate a greater maturation in the control treatment and loss of green color, therefore, the skin of the bananas presented a greater luminosity in contrast to the fruits treated with 1 -MCP in cyclodextrin and modified 1 -MCP nanobubbles.
- pulp was extracted from each individual (banana) that was homogenized using a ceramic mortar, placed in a tube and centrifuged at 20,000 x g for 5 minutes. Then, a drop of the supernatant was used and the soluble solids content was measured using a digital refractometer. Table 5 shows the soluble solids content (Brix degrees).
- the objective of this study was to determine if the spray application of modified 1-MCP nanobubbles on cherry trees before harvesting cherries has an effect on preserving the green coloration of cherry stems.
- the cherry harvest was carried out 24 hours after application of modified 1-MCP nanobubbles.
- the objective of this study was to determine if the application of modified 1-MCP nanobubbles in blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillos) pre-harvest has an effect on the conservation of blueberries stored for 30 days post-harvest.
- Group 1 (a): untreated blueberries
- Group 2 (b and c): treated blueberries.
- the boxes remained closed for 30 days and once this time had elapsed they were opened and the blueberry color was monitored.
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| JP2023030579A (ja) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-03-08 | 日特建設株式会社 | ナノバブル濃度の評価システム |
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| WO2014113375A2 (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-24 | Agrofresh Inc. | Compositions and methods for stabilizing cyclopropene in solutions |
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| US20130216657A1 (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Empire Technology Development Llc | Food-preservation devices and methods of use |
| IN2013MU02919A (es) | 2013-09-11 | 2015-07-03 | Indian Inst Technology Bombay | |
| CN104353088A (zh) | 2014-09-30 | 2015-02-18 | 东南大学 | 一种脂质气泡的制备方法 |
| US9968692B2 (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2018-05-15 | Purdue Research Foundation | Nanobubbles |
| WO2021222753A1 (en) * | 2020-05-01 | 2021-11-04 | Rlmb Group, Llc | Modular mobile treatment and precooling apparatus, methods, & systems |
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2020
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- 2020-03-13 BR BR112021018349A patent/BR112021018349A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2020-03-13 WO PCT/CL2020/050019 patent/WO2020186368A1/es not_active Ceased
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| US6762153B2 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2004-07-13 | Rohm And Haas Company | Delivery system for cyclopropenes |
| WO2014113375A2 (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2014-07-24 | Agrofresh Inc. | Compositions and methods for stabilizing cyclopropene in solutions |
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| CHRISTINE L. HENRY AND VINCENT S. J. CRAIG: "Inhibition of Bubble Coalescence by Osmolytes: Sucrose , Other Sugars, and Urea", LANGMUIR, vol. 25, no. 19, 2 July 2009 (2009-07-02), pages 11406 - 11412, XP055743191 * |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CL2021002415A1 (es) | 2022-04-18 |
| BR112021018349A2 (pt) | 2021-11-30 |
| US11957133B2 (en) | 2024-04-16 |
| US20240206487A1 (en) | 2024-06-27 |
| US20200296978A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
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