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WO2020181004A1 - Procédé et appareil de mesure d'une caractéristique d'un système optique - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de mesure d'une caractéristique d'un système optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020181004A1
WO2020181004A1 PCT/US2020/021023 US2020021023W WO2020181004A1 WO 2020181004 A1 WO2020181004 A1 WO 2020181004A1 US 2020021023 W US2020021023 W US 2020021023W WO 2020181004 A1 WO2020181004 A1 WO 2020181004A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
optical system
display
lines
user
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PCT/US2020/021023
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English (en)
Inventor
John Serri
Noam Sapiens
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Eyeque Inc
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Eyeque Inc
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
    • A61B3/032—Devices for presenting test symbols or characters, e.g. test chart projectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
    • G01M11/0207—Details of measuring devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
    • A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
    • A61B3/036—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters for testing astigmatism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/103—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining refraction, e.g. refractometers, skiascopes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
    • G01M11/0228—Testing optical properties by measuring refractive power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
    • G01M11/0242—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations
    • G01M11/0257—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations by analyzing the image formed by the object to be tested

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to optometers and the assessment of refractive disorders of the human eye. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of hand held consumer devices used for self-refraction.
  • Disclosed embodiments may measure the refractive properties of an optical system by simulating the cross-cylinder procedure that optometrists use in a clinical setting.
  • An optical system as defined herein can include, but is not limited to, the human eye and mechanical systems wherein refractive
  • Disclosed embodiments may comprise extensions and improvements upon the methods described in published patent application US 2013/0027668 A1 by Pamplona et al which discloses the creation of a low cost device that can measure refractive errors using a smart phone as a light source.
  • the method and device described in the prior art is limited to optical systems consisting of a single multi lens array or a pin hole array, which is neither as accurate and easy to use nor as economical as the embodiments described herein.
  • Disclosed systems and methods include methods that simulate or replicate an optometrist’s cross-cylinder examination that utilizes the inverse Shack-Hartmann technique.
  • Disclosed systems and methods include various improvements, such as accuracy and usability of the inverse Shack-Hartmann technique.
  • the optical input of a disclosed device can originate from a smart phone, personal electronic device or other optical system, wherein the user will see two parallel lines looking through the other end of the device (e.g. one green and one red) separated by a specific distance d (see Fig. 1 ).
  • the lines may be generated from the screen of a smartphone.
  • the high resolution afforded in today’s smart phones e.g.
  • iPhone 6 has a 326 dpi screen resolution that corresponds to a pixel spacing of about 78 microns) allows for high resolution measurements of the optical displacement or error if referencing an entity such as a focal plane or human retina.
  • two lines are formed, (see Figs. 1 and 2) and in a particular embodiment, two lines with“tails”, as seen in Figure 3, due to the intended coma in the described system.
  • the coma, or comatic aberration, in an optical system referring to an aberration inherent to certain optical designs or due to imperfection in the lens or other components that results in off-axis point sources such as pixels forming a line are appearing distorted, appearing to have a tail (coma) like a comet.
  • coma may be defined as a variation in magnification over the entrance pupil.
  • coma can be a function of wavelength, in which case it is a form of chromatic aberration.
  • the imaging system or the eye being tested has a refractive error, the lines will be out of focus and separated, as shown in Fig.4.
  • the imaging plane may be the eye retina or the sensor of a CCD camera.
  • d see Fig. 1
  • the distance of the lenslets from the smartphone’s screen is D which is equal to the focal length of each lenslet.
  • the red and green lines are separated on the imaging plane as shown in Fig. 4A. If the lines are moved on the screen by changing the distance d, the position of the two lines on the imaging plane will also change. When the two lines are overlapping on the imaging plane the refractive error can be assessed by the amount of change for distance d.
  • Fig. 1 depicts a schematic diagram of an overall configuration of a disclosed system with the light source being a smart phone screen, and depicts the effect of moving the lines by one pixel with size c.
  • FIG. 2 depicts what a user might see as they operate a disclosed device, using comma-free lines.
  • Fig. 3 depicts what a user might see as they operate a disclosed device, using non-uniformly broaden fat lines due to intentional comma in the optical system. The intentional coma helps the user see the pattern and facilitates the user’s alignment of the lines.
  • Fig. 4A depicts an implementation of the Inverse Shack Flartmann technique in an initial position.
  • Fig. 4B depicts an implementation of the Inverse Shack Flartmann technique wherein the pixels have been moved by one pixel
  • FIG. 5A depicts a display with the pattern used as an input to the optical system using a rotation of the lines around their center to measure different meridians.
  • FIG. 5B depicts a display with the pattern used as an input to the optical system using a rotation of the lines around the center of the screen to measure different meridians.
  • FIG. 6 depicts simulated crosstalk at the imaging plane in the inverse Shack-Flartmann technique using a complex lens as shown in Figure 8.
  • Fig. 7 depicts a demagnification stage
  • Fig. 8 depicts a lens array where an optional lens can be added and wherein the lens array may enable the use of other information, instructions, and patterns
  • Fig. 9 depicts the usage of an inverse Shack-Flartmann method for validating a prescription and for the illustration of results
  • Fig. 10 depicts exit pupil reduction system in order to make the exit pupil smaller than the entrance pupil of the imaging system.
  • FIG. 1 1 depicts an overall disclosed embodiment, based upon the content of Figures 4, 7, 8 and 10.
  • Fig. 12A depicts graphic representation of the use of the inverse Shack-Flartmann technique wherein a disclosed embodiment can simulate a cross cylinder procedure for accurately estimating the refraction error and lens properties.
  • Fig.12B depicts graphic representation of what the user perceives and the state on the screen of the phone at the five points illustrated in Fig.12A.
  • Fig.13 depicts a drawing convention for concave and convex lenses as used in the drawings.
  • Fig.14 depicts a second disclosed embodiment.
  • Fig. 15 depicts a disclosed embodiment
  • Fig. 16 depicts measurement concepts of a disclosed embodiment
  • Fig. 17 depicts a disclosed embodiment based upon a linear translation mechanism for image modification
  • Fig. 18 depicts graph of corrective power [D] vs. Translation offset from Nominal [mm]
  • Fig. 19 depicts an alternative embodiment wherein a first lens is replaced with a variable focus lens
  • FIG. 20A, 20B and 20C depict disclosed embodiments wherein a translational element moves a display along the optical axis
  • L2 a color lens or second lens
  • L3 a color lens or another second lens
  • Disclosed embodiments may use the inverse Shack-Hartmann method and a procedure that emulates the cross-cylinder procedure that many optometrists use in order to determine refractive errors with high accuracy.
  • a method used by an optometrist to accurately measure the refractive error of a patient includes: initially the optometrist has a rough estimation of the patient’s refractive error and using a cross cylinder or equivalently, a Jackson’s cross cylinder, the optometrist can accurately determine the axis and the amplitude of the astigmatism. Using this method, the optometrist first estimates the prescription using another refractive method such as an autorefractor or retinoscopy. Then the optometrist uses this prescription as a base line and adds a pure cylindrical lens with zero spherical equivalent and cylindrical power 2C.
  • another refractive method such as an autorefractor or retinoscopy
  • the power of the lens on one axis is +C and on the other axis which is perpendicular to the first one is -C.
  • the optometrist initially aligns the axis of the estimation of the prescription with the meridian that has 0 power. Then the optometrists flips the lens, changing the polarity of the lens at each meridian or equivalently changes the axis of the cylinder by 90 degrees. If the initial axis is correct the patient will not notice any difference, the blur would be the same. If the patient notices a difference, the patient chooses the position (axis) that sees the best image. Then, the optometrist rotates the correcting lens 5 degrees towards the axis that gave the best quality image.
  • the optometrist fine tunes the power of astigmatism.
  • the optometrist using the new axis for setting up the lens kit, uses the same cross cylinder lens as before but now the axis of astigmatism is parallel with one of the principal meridians of the cross cylinder.
  • the optometrist then flips the cross cylinder lens and changes the power of corrective cylinder according to patient’s directions (which position has the least blur) until the patient cannot notice any difference, perceiving the same blur for both positions of the cross-cylinder.
  • the user uses a simple inverse Shack- Hartmann implementation to measure the refractive error, the user observes two lines on a screen such as the screen of a smartphone through an optical system as shown in Fig. 1. Then looking through the refractive device the user changes the distance between the two lines on the screen until the user sees the two lines overlapped. Then the user moves or adjusts the device to move on to the next meridian, wherein two more lines are presented to the user. This process emulates the addition of a corrective lens in front of the eye and/or camera until a sharp image is formed.
  • the optical system can be a micro-lens array and/or a pinhole array.
  • the distance of the optical system from the phone screen is defined as D.
  • Fig. 2 depicts what a user might see as they operate a disclosed device, using a screen pattern of two lines, one red and one green.
  • the operation or function of bringing lines together as seen through a disclosed device will be referred to or defined as“alignment”, and at the end of this process when the lines appeared together and/or overlapping will be referred to or defined as“aligned”.
  • the minimum distance that the user can move the lines is limited by the phone’s resolution, namely the pixel distance c, and the distance between the screen and the optical system D.
  • the minimum change in the incident angle to the imaging system d mjn can be calculated from the following formula:
  • d’ is the distance of the two beams on the lens of the imaging system or the size of the exit pupil as shown in Fig. 4B.
  • the described measurement takes place one meridian at a time by virtue of using one pair of parallel lines.
  • the angle of the parallel lines must change with respect to the orientation of the human eye.
  • the space between the lines on the phone screen needed to reach alignment can be different because the power at each meridian changes due to astigmatism.
  • the angle of the lines, and consequently the meridian that is being tested can be changed either by rotating the lines around the center of each line or around the center of the pattern (see Figs. 5A, 5B).
  • Figs. 5A, 5B In order to have representative points across all the meridians at least one rotation around the center of the pattern is needed, see Fig.
  • the optical elements should also follow the rotation of the lines. This can be done either by rotating the optical elements to match the rotation of the pattern or by rotating the whole display (phone).
  • One other way is by using more optical elements (micro-lenses, pinholes etc.). In this case the pattern is rotated on the phone and uses different lenslets or pinholes to collimate the light. In this case there is crosstalk which can confuse the user.
  • a disclosed optical device may include an array of lenslets and/or pinholes used with a light source as in the Shack-Flartmann technique discussed above. Using this disclosed optical device, in conjunction with a smart phone the cross-cylinder procedure described above can be emulated.
  • the screen of the smartphone displays simultaneously four lines, two pairs of parallel lines, as shown in Fig. 9.
  • the two parallel pairs are perpendicular to each other and the separation of the lines at each pair is always the same.
  • the screen of a smartphone he sees two pairs of parallel lines, in total four lines.
  • the distance of the lines within a pair that the user perceives depends upon the refractive power of his eye at the meridian perpendicular to the lines and the distance of the lines on the phone.
  • the distance of the lines at each pair would be different unless the meridians that are being measured differ by 45 degrees from the axis of the astigmatic error (the two meridians that are being measured are the green circles in Fig 12).
  • the separation of the lines at each pair is different the user rotates the pattern on the screen and hence the angle of the meridians that are being measured is changing, until the user sees two displaced crosses, Fig 9 (the lines at each pair are equally spaced).
  • the user adjusts the distance between the lines at each pair of lines, typically using the controls on the smartphone, to make the lines come together and overlap, which effectively corresponds to bringing the view into sharp focus.
  • the axis can be defined.
  • the user knows that the two meridians under measurement have the same power when he or she sees the lines at each pair equally spaced, Fig. 12B. It is worth mentioning that during this process the lines at each pair are separated by the same amount. The meridians that are being measured at this point ⁇ 45 degrees from the axis, and hence the axis is determined.
  • the user changes the power of the spherical equivalent until the lines at each pair are overlapping and the user sees the lines at each pair are overlapping and if at each pair there is one red and one green line, the user will see a yellow cross.
  • the change of the spherical equivalent changes the separation distance at each pair simultaneously.
  • the spherical equivalent can be inferred by knowing the distance of the lines on the screen. If the user doesn’t see a cross, this step and the previous step can be iterated until the user sees a yellow cross (where the red and green lines overlap). At the end of this measurement the axis of astigmatism and the spherical equivalent has been determined.
  • the next step is to determine the power at the axis of the astigmatic error, namely the cylinder.
  • the app or the user rotates the pattern on the phone by 45 degrees compared the rotation at the previous step so one of the pairs is parallel to the axis of astigmatism and the second pair to be perpendicular to the axis of astigmatism.
  • the user changes the power of the cylinder by changing the separation of the lines at each pair until a yellow cross is formed as before, or equivalently the gray circles coincides with the black circles in Fig 12A. From this last measurement, the power of the cylinder is determined.
  • the inverse Shack- Hartmann device as shown in Fig. 4A and 4B and described above needs some improvements as compared to the current state of the art.
  • the device should be capable of handling multiple meridians at the same time.
  • at least two pairs of lenslets are needed (in total four lenslets).
  • light that was supposed to pass through a specific lenslet instead passes through another lenslet and confuses the user by creating multiple images.
  • Figure 6 shows this effect, which from now on we refer to as crosstalk.
  • One way to reduce the crosstalk is to increase the distance between the two lenslets, Fig. 8, or include a baffle between the two lenslets. This way the resolution is increased (larger d’), but the exit pupil becomes larger too.
  • a demagnification subsystem which comprises a single concave lens. This stage improves the resolution substantially, Fig. 7;
  • a shutter in form of a slit can be used just before the lens of the optical system under test in order to increase the depth of field. This way the blur observed by people with high refractive errors is minimized due to the small aperture in one direction and at the same time the light is attenuated much less compared to a pinhole.
  • Figure 7 shows the demagnification concept, which increases the effective resolution of the mobile screen.
  • a subsystem is introduced that comprised of one concave lens.
  • the concave lens creates a new virtual image that is smaller than the original image. If the concave lens with focal length f from the image is L then a change h in the distance from the optical axis converts into a distance h’, and hence the effective pixel density is increased.
  • the demagnification factor can be increased. This can increase the effective resolution and it can have other applications not limited to this device, e.g. it can be used to increase the resolution for VR headsets.
  • the virtual image is formed in distance L/DM behind the concave lens (towards the screen). This has an effect of increasing the linear pixel density by a factor of DM, or equivalently to decrease the minimum pixel distance by a factor of DM.
  • Fig.8 shows a lens array where an optional lens can be added that allows transmission of other information, instructions, and patterns.
  • four lenslets are used to avoid rotation/crosstalk/defocus (four lenslets at a relatively far distance) with a fifth optional lenslet in the center of the array for allowing other optical images to be presented to the user.
  • Other optical images can be used for controlling accommodation, or sending the user visual information and/or instructions.
  • the four lenslets may be 2x4 mm in order to act as a small shutter and reduce the crosstalk. Light intended to go through one lens is poorly coupled to the lenses that are oriented perpendicular to the initial lens.
  • the lenslets are used in pairs as described in the beginning of this document (lenses 1 ,2 and 3,4, Fig.8), namely to create two collimated beams.
  • the crosstalk is reduced because light that was directed through one 1 and 2 is poorly coupled to lenses 3 and 4 because of their shapes and vice versa.
  • the lenslets are 6 mm apart to reduce crosstalk.
  • Fig. 9 shows the usage of lenses and the checking of results.
  • a test result namely if the system estimated correctly the refractive properties of the user’s eyes or the device under test all four lenslets can be used simultaneously, as in the cross-cylinder method.
  • the distance of the lines on the screen is set based on the result and the meridian under measurement. If the result is correct, the user will see a cross. For example, if the result shows a cylinder at Q degrees and we want to check the cylinder one pair of lenses is set to measure at Q degrees and the second pair at Q+90 modulo 180 degrees.
  • Fig.10 shows exit pupil reduction, crosstalk reduction, and coma inducer optical system.
  • the induced coma helps to improve usability.
  • This subsystem has three objectives. The main objective is to reduce the exit pupil and hence to increase the field of view. Second, the crosstalk that the user perceives is further reduced because the crosstalk image is outside of user’s field of view. Finally, this setup induces coma, making the lines easier to see and align (the fat line effect shown in Fig.2).
  • This setup or disclosed configuration comprises a convex lens with focal length fi and a concave lens with focal length f 2 .
  • the two lenses share the same focal plane.
  • the input in this system is the output of the lenslets array thus it is two collimated beams.
  • the convex lens focuses the two parallel beams. This brings the two beams closer, and hence reduce the exit pupil. Before they reach the focus the concave lens intervenes and the two beams become parallel again, but now are much closer.
  • the amount of the reduction of the exit pupil (d/d’) equals to the ratio of the focal lengths of the two lenses (f-
  • Fig. 1 1 shows an overall disclosed system, including a description of the overall system and the optical parts.
  • the previous subsystems, Figs. 7, 8, 10 are realized into one complete optical system which may comprise:
  • a lens array that collimates the light from the virtual image that is created using the concave lens, together with the convex lens of the third subsystem.
  • This custom/complex optical element increases the transmission by approximately 8.6% and reduces the manufacturing cost significantly compared of using separate optical elements;
  • a second concave lens to prepare the light for the imaging system [00103]
  • the light from the phone display screen first passes through the first concave lens in order to increase the effective resolution.
  • a convex lenslet that is off-axis to the whole system to collimate the light parallel then to another convex lens, followed by a concave lens to reduce the exit pupil and reduce crosstalk.
  • the device In order to have a calibrated measurement, the device should have an initial calibration. This can be done using a camera focused at infinity (emulates an emmetropic eye).
  • an artificially induced error is created by adding a prescription lens from a trial lens-kit in front of the camera. Afterwards, the lines are moved until they touch and the amount of displacement is logged with the induced refractive error. This way, the refractive error can be determined by knowing the displacement.
  • the complex lens and the demagnification stage can be replaced with a pair of colored lens and a slit for each lens mounted on a rotating mount, as shown in Fig. 14.
  • the colored lens act as a filter to eliminate crosstalk.
  • One lens can be colored red and the second one green. Thus, the light emitted from the green line cannot pass through the red colored lens and vice-versa.
  • there is no need of the magnification stage since the exit pupil is determined solely by the distance between the two slits, and the crosstalk is eliminated by using colored lenses.
  • the lens along with the slits are rotating using a rotating mount and follows the rotation on the screen.
  • the rotation can happen either manually by the user or by using an electric motor.
  • the application can automatically rotate the rotating mount.
  • the demagnification factor is 3, the device is 9 times less sensitive. Hence in terms of tolerance it is beneficial to have high demagnification. It is even better to have long focal length. Therefore, it is preferable to achieve large magnification using longer length.
  • the optical source is not exactly on the focal point of the lenslet the beam after the lenslet will be either diverging or converging. Thus it will bias, shift our measurements. Thus our measurement of the power will be shifted by
  • This stage doesn’t depend on the previous stage. It solely reduces the distance between two beams. If the distance between the two lenses is not correct, it will induce a bias in the refraction measurement. Again with a first order approximation is
  • the dominant factor is the lateral change of the demagnification stage and mainly the change in the distance of the two lines (2h’). This change in height induces a bias on the measured power.
  • the change in resolution due to the change in the demagnification is important especially for people with high refractive error.
  • Tilt can be converted into lateral displacement (at least in a first order approximation).
  • Some current apparatuses and methods include lens-based refractometers that attach to a smartphone and work with a smart phone app that allows for accurate measurement of the optical system refractive error.
  • a smart phone app that allows for accurate measurement of the optical system refractive error.
  • an example of such a device is the Personal Vision Tracker (PVT) by EyeQue Corp (patent publication US20170215724A1 incorporated herein in its entirety as reference).
  • the PVT works by projecting an image of a defined geometrical pattern onto the user’s retina, allowing the user to control an aspect of the properties of the image to achieve a well-defined goal, and then measuring a parameter of the image to deduce the required correction of the user optical system (e.g. their eye).
  • the image could be on a screen of a smartphone to which an optical device is attached.
  • an example of the image could be a set of parallel lines of different color (e.g. red and green).
  • the user adjusts the perceived distance between the lines on the screen to get them to a final position such as they appear in a well-defined relation, for example overlapping.
  • the relation between the distance between the lines and the perceived overlap corresponds to the user’s refractive error.
  • An example of this implementation is shown in FIG. 15.
  • this method and apparatus are limited in the measurement accuracy by the resolution of the phone.
  • the pixel density (resolution measured in pixels per inch, ppi) is around 326.
  • the current invention proposes the following implementation of the refraction measurement.
  • a display showing a geometrical image (for example to parallel lines, one green and one red) is presented to the user through an optical system (for example the system presented in FIG. 15).
  • the user controls the geometrical representation of the image through the measured optical system.
  • the control is done by modifying the distance of the display from the first lens.
  • the control is done by modifying the focal length of the lens at the end of the device optical system, for example by using a variable focus lens, a zoom lens, or a liquid lens.
  • the modification of the image by the user through the measured optical system is done to achieve a specific geometrical goal, for example overlapping of the lines.
  • the system parameter (whether it is the distance offset, or the adjusted focal length of the lens is then recorded and correlated with the required optical correction of the measured system.
  • An example of a measured system could be the user’s eye.
  • the correlation could be done for example by calibration, fitting to a
  • the presented lines on the display appear to overlap on the focal plane of the measured optical system (e.g. the retina of the eye).
  • the lines appear to be getting farther away from each other in one direction, as the focal point (where the lines intersect) moves farther from the device.
  • the lines separate to the other direction and the focal point is shifted towards the device.
  • An optical refractor may comprise a demagnifier lens, L1 , and two colored lenses, L2, green, and L3, Red. Adjacent to L2 and L3 are slits that allow passage of red and green light respectively. The resolution of the device can be determined by following the chief rays of the two lines at incremental distances of the screen from the first lens.
  • a power-distance relation in a disclosed embodiment is shown. It should be noted that the dependency is not linear as to be expected. The slope of the curve determines the resolution. The expected average resolution in the presented case is approximately 2.5D per mm (I OOmiti corresponds to about 0.25D).
  • the resolution of the device may be increased by changing the nominal distance between the lines or by increasing the focal length of the first lens as the angular sentence Y of the two lines decrease. The resolution of the device is proportional to 1/ ⁇ 3h(Y).
  • Figure 19 presents an alternative embodiment of the invention where the first lens is replaced with a variable focus lens.
  • the focal length of the first lens is changed to achieve overlap between the lines on the display in the focal plane of the measured optical system (e.g. the retina for the human eye).
  • Figure 19 also shows the ray tracing of the nominal lens power as well as two other possible powers one, higher power (shorter absolute focal length, in the example case, more positive power) of the first lens will correspond to the focal point of the two lines intersecting to be farther from the device, while a lower power (longer absolute focal length, and in the example case, more negative power) corresponds to the lines intersecting closer to the device.
  • the display could be of a multitude of options including for example: a screen (including a smartphone screen), an LED strip (including one where the lines are made of diffusers ad color filters), a semitransparent plaque with backlight, a light box illuminating a mask transmitting the desired pattern.
  • the device can be rotated through different meridians and the resultant data of required corrective optical power can be used to compute the refractive error of the measured optical system in Focus (Sphere) and Astigmatism (Cylinder, and Axis).
  • the display, color lenses and slits could be rotated in correspondence, instead of the entire device.
  • a translational element moves a display along the optical axis, and a single rotational element allows the slits and color lenses on the eye piece and the display to rotate in tandem through different meridians (figure20 A).
  • the rotation is achieved by implementing two rotational elements, one on the display and another for the slits and color lenses (figure 20B). In this embodiment special care needs to be taken for the synchronization between the rotational elements.
  • the rotation of the display is done by digital means, with the display being an electronic screen.
  • Both linear translation elements and rotational elements could be of various manifestations including for example, fully manual control, completely automatic or electronic control and any combination thereof.
  • the proposed embodiments could be implemented in either a monocular or binocular form.
  • the device would connect to a smart phone or other Bluetooth enabled computational device to transmit data to perform calculations and analysis on the computational device or enabling transmission of the data to a cloud to perform the calculations and analysis there.
  • the connection may also be used for control of the different aspects of the device for example the rotation and translation of the corresponding elements.
  • the disclosed embodiments may include the following items: [00154] 1. A method to measure refraction errors in an optical system (300), using a first lens (200), a second lens and a display (1 12) the method comprising the steps of:
  • the method of item 1 wherein the display comprises one of the following selected from the group compressing (a screen ((including a smartphone screen)), an LED strip ((including one where the lines are made of diffusers and color filters)), a semitransparent plaque with backlight, a light box illuminating a mask transmitting the indicia.
  • the method of item 1 further including the step of rotating the second lens along an optical axis through different meridians and measuring the distance of movement of the second lens at each meridian in response to a changed projection upon the screen and using the measured distances of the second lens to derive further errors of refraction of the optical system.
  • the method of item 1 further including the step of rotating the display in synchronization to a rotation of the second lens along an optical axis through different meridians and measuring the distance of movement of the second lens at each meridian and using the measured distances of the second lens to derive further errors of refraction of the optical system.
  • a system to measure refraction errors in an optical system comprising a first lens, a second lens and a display the system comprising:
  • the second lens disposed in a position proximal to the optical system
  • the display disposed within sight lines of the first lens; [00180] the display having an adjustable linkage from the first lens with the adjustable linkage having means to adjust in length until an indicia upon the display is aligned as observed by the optical system;
  • a system to measure refraction errors in an optical system comprising a first lens, a second lens and a display (1 12) the system comprising:
  • the second lens disposed proximal to the optical system
  • the first lens disposed within sight lines of the second lens; wherein the first lens is a variable focus lens;
  • [00186] means to measure change in the focal length of the first lens used to aligned indicia upon the display as observed by the optical system

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Abstract

Des modes de réalisation de la présente invention peuvent comprendre un dispositif, un système et un procédé permettant d'obtenir à faibles coûts un dispositif qui peut mesurer très précisément des erreurs de réfraction par raccordement à un téléphone intelligent. Le dispositif selon l'invention peut utiliser la lumière ambiante ou une source de lumière pour simuler la méthode du cylindre croisé qu'utilisent les optométristes au moyen de la technique de Shack-Hartman inverse. Le dispositif optique peut comprendre un réseau de petites lentilles et de trous d'épingle qui vont forcer l'utilisateur à réaliser une focalisation efficace à différentes profondeurs. À l'aide d'un dispositif optique, conjointement avec un téléphone intelligent, l'utilisateur change d'abord l'angle de l'axe jusqu'à visualiser un motif en croix (à lignes verticale et horizontale équidistantes). L'utilisateur règle ensuite l'affichage, généralement à l'aide des boutons sur le téléphone intelligent, de façon à amener les lignes à se rejoindre et à se chevaucher, ce qui revient à régler la netteté de la vue, pour déterminer ainsi la prescription optique appropriée pour l'utilisateur.
PCT/US2020/021023 2019-03-04 2020-03-04 Procédé et appareil de mesure d'une caractéristique d'un système optique Ceased WO2020181004A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8783871B2 (en) * 2010-04-22 2014-07-22 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Near eye tool for refractive assessment
WO2015012784A1 (fr) * 2013-07-20 2015-01-29 Eyenetra, Inc. Procédés et appareil pour la relaxation des yeux
US10206566B2 (en) * 2016-10-17 2019-02-19 EyeQue Corporation Optical method to assess the refractive properties of an optical system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6761454B2 (en) * 2002-02-13 2004-07-13 Ophthonix, Inc. Apparatus and method for determining objective refraction using wavefront sensing
US20090153796A1 (en) * 2005-09-02 2009-06-18 Arthur Rabner Multi-functional optometric-ophthalmic system for testing diagnosing, or treating, vision or eyes of a subject, and methodologies thereof
US8317505B2 (en) * 2007-08-21 2012-11-27 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. Apparatus for formation of an ophthalmic lens precursor and lens
ES2715450T3 (es) * 2015-08-07 2019-06-04 Wavelight Gmbh Marcas corneales en cirugía de corrección de la visión

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8783871B2 (en) * 2010-04-22 2014-07-22 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Near eye tool for refractive assessment
WO2015012784A1 (fr) * 2013-07-20 2015-01-29 Eyenetra, Inc. Procédés et appareil pour la relaxation des yeux
US10206566B2 (en) * 2016-10-17 2019-02-19 EyeQue Corporation Optical method to assess the refractive properties of an optical system

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