WO2020177099A1

WO2020177099A1 - Mitigation of wifi interference on vehicle-to-everything communications

Info

Publication number: WO2020177099A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/077190
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yan Li; Lu Gao; Yiqing Cao; Hong Qiu; Shuping Chen
Original assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Current assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Priority date: 2019-03-06
Filing date: 2019-03-06
Publication date: 2020-09-10
Anticipated expiration: 2021-09-06

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for mitigation of WiFi interference on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications are described. If a WiFi device determines that it is operating inside a vehicle, the WiFi device may adjust a transmission parameter associated with transmitting WiFi signals. Such transmission parameters may include a transmission power, a modulation scheme, and/or a frequency band, one or more of which may be adjusted to reduce interference on V2X signals. A V2X receiver on a vehicle may be coupled with a WiFi receiver, and may use signals received by the WiFi receiver to cancel WiFi interference on V2X signals by, for example, applying a cancellation algorithm to the V2X signals based on the received WiFi signals. A V2X receiver may detect a WiFi signal and dynamically generate a signal attenuation pattern based on the WiFi signal for attenuating reception of the WiFi signal.

Description

MITIGATION OF WIFI INTERFERENCE ON VEHICLE-TO-EVERYTHING COMMUNICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

The following relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to mitigation of WiFi interference on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications.

Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include a number of base stations or network access nodes, each simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) .

In some cases, a particular wireless communications system may be associated with a particular radio access technology (RAT) , which may include the underlying physical components and mechanisms used to transmit signals. For example, an LTE system may be associated with an LTE RAT, an NR system may be associated with an NR RAT, a WiFi system may be associated with a WiFi RAT, etc.

In some cases, signals transmitted using one RAT may interfere with signals transmitted using another RAT. For example, some wireless communications systems support direct communications between or among transceivers located in or on mobile vehicles, such as on automobiles or buses. Such communications may include vehicle-to-everything (V2X) signals that may be used for implementing vehicle safety features or for autonomous vehicle operation, among other examples. In some cases, V2X signals may be communicated using a V2X RAT, or may be cellular V2X signals (C-V2X) that are communicated using, for example, an LTE RAT or NR RAT.

In some cases, a vehicle may also contain a portable wireless communications device that is capable of transmitting WiFi signals (e.g., via a WiFi RAT) . The portable wireless communications device may be, for example, a UE used by a passenger in the vehicle, such as a MiFi (mobile hotspot) device, a laptop, or cell phone. In some cases, WiFi signals transmitted by a wireless communications device in the vehicle (or by a wireless communications device in close proximity to the vehicle) may cause interference with V2X signals, thereby potentially degrading V2X signal quality and reliability.

SUMMARY

A method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The method may include determining, at a wireless communications device, that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, adjusting, based on the determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, a signal transmission parameter for wireless transmissions via a first RAT, and transmitting a signal via the first RAT in accordance with the signal transmission parameter.

An apparatus for mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to determine, at a wireless communications device, that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, adjust, based on the determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, a signal transmission parameter for wireless transmissions via a first RAT, and transmit a signal via the first RAT in accordance with the signal transmission parameter.

Another apparatus for mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The apparatus may include means for determining, at a wireless communications device, that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, adjusting, based on the determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, a signal transmission parameter for wireless transmissions via a first RAT, and transmitting a signal via the first RAT in accordance with the signal transmission parameter.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to determine, at a wireless communications device, that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, adjust, based on the determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, a signal transmission parameter for wireless transmissions via a first RAT, and transmit a signal via the first RAT in accordance with the signal transmission parameter.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transitioning operation of the wireless communications device to an in-vehicle operation mode based on a determination that the wireless communications device may be operating in the vehicle.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, adjusting the signal transmission parameter may include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting a transmission power for transmission of the signal via the first RAT.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, adjusting the signal transmission parameter may include operations, features, means, or instructions for entering a low-power mode.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, adjusting the signal transmission parameter may include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a set of one or more modulation schemes associated with an in-vehicle operation mode, and selecting a modulation scheme from the set of one or more modulation schemes.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the set of one or more modulation schemes associated with the in-vehicle operation mode may be a subset of a second set of modulation schemes associated with an out-of-vehicle operation mode.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, selecting the modulation scheme may include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) having a data rate below a threshold.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, adjusting the signal transmission parameter may include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting a first frequency band for transmission of the signal via the first RAT, the first frequency band separated from a second frequency band associated with receiving a vehicle-based signal via a second RAT by at least a threshold bandwidth.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that a first frequency band associated with the signal to be transmitted via the first RAT may be separated from a second frequency band associated with receiving a vehicle-based signal via a second RAT by less than a threshold bandwidth, where the signal transmission parameter may be adjusted based on the determination that the first frequency band may be separated from the second frequency band by less than the threshold bandwidth.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, determining that the wireless communications device may be operating in the vehicle may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving information from a sensor in the vehicle, and determining that the wireless communications device may be operating in the vehicle based on information received from the sensor.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, determining that the wireless communications device may be operating in the vehicle may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving one or more reference signals including a Bluetooth signal, a WiFi identification signal, a global positioning satellite signal, a cell identifier signal, or a combination thereof, and determining that the wireless communications device may be operating in the vehicle based on the one or more reference signals or the combination thereof.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the global positioning satellite signal includes a GPS (Global Positioning Signal) , BDS (BeiDou System) signal, or GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signal.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, determining that the wireless communications device may be operating in the vehicle may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from an external device, an indication that the wireless communications device may be operating in the vehicle.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the external device may be a UE, a vehicle-based transceiver, or a small cell.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining that the wireless communications device may be operating outside of the vehicle, and transitioning operation of the wireless communications device to an out-of-vehicle operation mode based on a determination that the wireless communications device may be operating outside of the vehicle.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for adjustment of the signal transmission parameter reduces interference between signals transmitted by the wireless communications device via the first RAT and vehicle-based signals transmitted via a second RAT.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first RAT may be for WiFi communications and the second RAT may be for a different communication protocol. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the different communication protocol may be for satellite communications, radar communications, or fixed service communications. In some examples, transmitting the signal via the first RAT includes transmitting the signal within a first frequency band that at least partially overlaps a second frequency band associated with the different communication protocol.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second RAT may be for V2X communications.

A method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The method may include receiving a vehicle-based signal at a first RAT receiver at the vehicle, the first RAT receiver configured to communicate via the first RAT, receiving, via a second RAT receiver that is coupled with the first RAT receiver, a second RAT signal, the second RAT receiver configured to communicate via the second RAT, and processing the vehicle-based signal based on the second RAT signal.

An apparatus for mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to receive a vehicle-based signal at a first RAT receiver at the vehicle, the first RAT receiver configured to communicate via the first RAT, receive, via a second RAT receiver that is coupled with the first RAT receiver, a second RAT signal, the second RAT receiver configured to communicate via the second RAT, and process the vehicle-based signal based on the second RAT signal.

Another apparatus for mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The apparatus may include means for receiving a vehicle-based signal at a first RAT receiver at the vehicle, the first RAT receiver configured to communicate via the first RAT, receiving, via a second RAT receiver that is coupled with the first RAT receiver, a second RAT signal, the second RAT receiver configured to communicate via the second RAT, and processing the vehicle-based signal based on the second RAT signal.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to receive a vehicle-based signal at a first RAT receiver at the vehicle, the first RAT receiver configured to communicate via the first RAT, receive, via a second RAT receiver that is coupled with the first RAT receiver, a second RAT signal, the second RAT receiver configured to communicate via the second RAT, and process the vehicle-based signal based on the second RAT signal.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second RAT signal may be received concurrently with reception of the vehicle-based signal.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, processing the vehicle-based signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for cancelling an interference in the vehicle-based signal, the interference associated with the second RAT signal.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, cancelling the interference in the vehicle-based signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for applying a linear interference cancellation algorithm, a nonlinear interference cancellation algorithm, or a combination thereof to the vehicle-based signal based on the second RAT signal.

Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a WiFi preamble within the second RAT signal, and generating a noise cancellation signal based on the WiFi preamble, where cancelling the interference includes applying the noise cancellation signal to the vehicle-based signal.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, cancelling the interference in the vehicle-based signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for performing the interference cancelling at a first RAT baseband processor of the first RAT receiver.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the second RAT signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the second RAT signal as a line-in from a coupled wireless communications device transmitting via the second RAT.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, receiving the second RAT signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the second RAT signal from an external wireless communications device transmitting via the second RAT and located within or outside the vehicle.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second RAT may be for WiFi communications and the first RAT may be for V2X communications.

A method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The method may include detecting a first RAT signal received at an antenna of a second RAT receiver at the vehicle, determining a direction of arrival of the first RAT signal at the second RAT receiver, generating a spatial attenuation pattern based on the direction of arrival of the first RAT signal, and attenuating wireless reception at the antenna of the second RAT receiver based on the spatial attenuation pattern.

An apparatus for mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory in electronic communication with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to detect a first RAT signal received at an antenna of a second RAT receiver at the vehicle, determine a direction of arrival of the first RAT signal at the second RAT receiver, generate a spatial attenuation pattern based on the direction of arrival of the first RAT signal, and attenuate wireless reception at the antenna of the second RAT receiver based on the spatial attenuation pattern.

Another apparatus for mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The apparatus may include means for detecting a first RAT signal received at an antenna of a second RAT receiver at the vehicle, determining a direction of arrival of the first RAT signal at the second RAT receiver, generating a spatial attenuation pattern based on the direction of arrival of the first RAT signal, and attenuating wireless reception at the antenna of the second RAT receiver based on the spatial attenuation pattern.

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to detect a first RAT signal received at an antenna of a second RAT receiver at the vehicle, determine a direction of arrival of the first RAT signal at the second RAT receiver, generate a spatial attenuation pattern based on the direction of arrival of the first RAT signal, and attenuate wireless reception at the antenna of the second RAT receiver based on the spatial attenuation pattern.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, detecting the first RAT signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining a signal strength associated with the first RAT signal.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, detecting the first RAT signal may include operations, features, means, or instructions for identifying a reference symbol associated with the first RAT signal.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the spatial attenuation pattern may be dynamically generated.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first RAT signal may be received from a wireless communications device located in the vehicle and transmitting via the first RAT.

In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first RAT may be for WiFi communications and the second RAT may be for V2X communications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a process that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a system that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example diagram of an attenuation pattern that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGs. 5 and 6 show block diagrams of devices that support mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a transmission manager that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGs. 9 and 10 show block diagrams of devices that support mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram of an interference manager that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGs. 13 and 14 show block diagrams of devices that support mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 shows a block diagram of an attenuation manager that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIGs. 17 through 19 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Mobile vehicles may be equipped with on-board transceivers to enable wireless communication with other vehicles or devices. Such wireless communications may include, for example, communication of V2X signals that may be used to implement vehicle safety features or for autonomous vehicle operation. V2X signals may include cellular V2X (C-V2X) signals, which may include radio signals used to share safety information among vehicles, such as velocity, direction, acceleration, or other information.

In some cases, a vehicle may also contain other portable devices that are capable of wireless communications, such as cellular phones, laptops, or other types of UEs that may be carried or used by a passenger in the vehicle. Such portable devices may be capable of transmitting and receiving signals using other communication protocols, such as WiFi signals (which may also be referred to as radio local area network (RLAN) signals) . Thus, a vehicle may have multiple on-board transceivers that are capable of communicating signals using different RATs.

In some cases, such signals may interfere with each other. For example, in some cases, a V2X receiver on a vehicle may detect WiFi signals transmitted by a wireless communications device in the vehicle (or by other devices in close proximity to the vehicle) . The WiFi signals may cause interference with the V2X signals, particularly if the WiFi signals are transmitted using a frequency band that is close to the frequency band used for the V2X signals. Such interference may be problematic because V2X signals are typically used for vehicle safety. Thus, in some cases, a WiFi device and/or a V2X receiver may include features to help mitigate WiFi interference on V2X signals.

For example, in some cases, a WiFi device may determine whether it is operating within a vehicle, and if so, the WiFi device may adjust (e.g., select or change) a parameter associated with transmission of WiFi signals based on the determination that the WiFi device is operating within the vehicle. For example, if the WiFi device determines that it is operating within a vehicle, the WiFi device may reduce the transmission power associated with transmitting WiFi signals, or may select a modulation scheme that requires less power or bandwidth for transmission. In some cases, the WiFi device may determine whether the frequency band used for WiFi transmission is close to the frequency band used for V2X transmissions, and if so, the WiFi device may select a different frequency band for WiFi transmissions.

In some cases, a V2X receiver on the vehicle may include or may otherwise be coupled with a WiFi receiver for receiving WiFi signals. The received WiFi signals may be used, by the V2X receiver, to cancel (e.g., reduce or eliminate) the effect of WiFi signal interference in the V2X signal. The V2X receiver may cancel the interference by applying a linear and/or nonlinear interference cancellation algorithm to the V2X signal based on the received WiFi signal, for example. In some cases, the V2X receiver may cancel the interference in (or using) a baseband processor of the V2X receiver.

In some cases, an antenna of a V2X receiver on the vehicle may detect a WiFi signal, and the V2X receiver may determine a direction of arrival (DOA) of the WiFi signal. The V2X receiver may generate a spatial attenuation pattern based on the DOA of the WiFi signal, and attenuate wireless reception of the WiFi signal based on the spatial attenuation pattern.

While the examples discussed herein are primarily focused on mitigation of interference of WiFi signals on V2X signals, the disclosed techniques may also be applicable to mitigating interference between other types of signals that may use different RATs or different communication protocols, including RATs and communication protocols associated with various types of radar signals, satellite signals, and/or fixed service signals (such as signals that may be transmitted using point-to-point connections or point-to-multipoint connections) .

In some cases, adjusting transmission parameters associated with transmitting WiFi signals as described herein, such as by entering a low-power mode (e.g., a mode in which a WiFi device may limit certain functionality to reduce power) and/or by restricting MCSs may enable an in-vehicle WiFi device to operate in more frequency bands and share frequency resources with radar, satellite, and fixed services. That is, a WiFi device may be able to transmit signals within a frequency band that at least partially overlaps a frequency band associated with radar, satellite, or fixed services without causing significant interference with the radar, satellite, or fixed service signals.

Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of a wireless communications system. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to processes, systems, attenuation pattern diagrams, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 includes base stations 105, UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, or a New Radio (NR) network. In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may support enhanced broadband communications, ultra-reliable (e.g., mission critical) communications, low latency communications, or communications with low-cost and low-complexity devices.

Base stations 105 may wirelessly communicate with UEs 115 via one or more base station antennas. Base stations 105 described herein may include or may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or some other suitable terminology. Wireless communications system 100 may include base stations 105 of different types (e.g., macro or small cell base stations) . The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of base stations 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, gNBs, relay base stations, and the like.

Each base station 105 may be associated with a particular geographic coverage area 110 in which communications with various UEs 115 is supported. Each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110 via communication links 125, and communication links 125 between a base station 105 and a UE 115 may utilize one or more carriers. Communication links 125 shown in wireless communications system 100 may include uplink transmissions from a UE 115 to a base station 105, or downlink transmissions from a base station 105 to a UE 115. Downlink transmissions may also be called forward link transmissions while uplink transmissions may also be called reverse link transmissions.

The geographic coverage area 110 for a base station 105 may be divided into sectors making up a portion of the geographic coverage area 110, and each sector may be associated with a cell. For example, each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or various combinations thereof. In some examples, a base station 105 may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving geographic coverage area 110. In some examples, different geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, and overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by the same base station 105 or by different base stations 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous LTE/LTE-A/LTE-A Pro or NR network in which different types of base stations 105 provide coverage for various geographic coverage areas 110.

The term “cell” refers to a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station 105 (e.g., over a carrier) , and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) operating via the same or a different carrier. In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC) , narrowband Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , or others) that may provide access for different types of devices. In some cases, the term “cell” may refer to a portion of a geographic coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical entity operates.

UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 115 may also be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client. A UE 115 may also be a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may also refer to a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or an MTC device, or the like, which may be implemented in various articles such as appliances, vehicles, meters, or the like.

Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices, and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a base station 105 without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay that information to a central server or application program that can make use of the information or present the information to humans interacting with the program or application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.

Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception simultaneously) . In some examples half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for UEs 115 include entering a power saving “deep sleep” mode when not engaging in active communications, or operating over a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) . In some cases, UEs 115 may be designed to support critical functions (e.g., mission critical functions) , and a wireless communications system 100 may be configured to provide ultra-reliable communications for these functions.

In some cases, a UE 115 may also be able to communicate directly with other UEs 115 (e.g., using a peer-to-peer (P2P) or device-to-device (D2D) protocol) . One or more of a group of UEs 115 utilizing D2D communications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105. Other UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 105, or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 105. In some cases, groups of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may utilize a one-to-many (1∶M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to every other UE 115 in the group. In some cases, a base station 105 facilitates the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In other cases, D2D communications are carried out between UEs 115 without the involvement of a base station 105.

Base stations 105 may communicate with the core network 130 and with one another. For example, base stations 105 may interface with the core network 130 through backhaul links 132 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or other interface) . Base stations 105 may communicate with one another over backhaul links 134 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or other interface) either directly (e.g., directly between base stations 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) .

In some cases, a UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 through communication link 136.

The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , which may include at least one mobility management entity (MME) , at least one serving gateway (S-GW) , and at least one Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) . The MME may manage non-access stratum (e.g., control plane) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by base stations 105 associated with the EPC. User IP packets may be transferred through the S-GW, which itself may be connected to the P-GW. The P-GW may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The P-GW may be connected to the network operators IP services. The operators IP services may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched (PS) Streaming Service.

At least some of the network devices, such as a base station 105, may include subcomponents such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . Each access network entity may communicate with UEs 115 through a number of other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, or a transmission/reception point (TRP) . In some configurations, various functions of each access network entity or base station 105 may be distributed across various network devices (e.g., radio heads and access network controllers) or consolidated into a single network device (e.g., a base station 105) .

Wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, typically in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band, since the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features. However, the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Transmission of UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter range (e.g., less than 100 km) compared to transmission using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in a super high frequency (SHF) region using frequency bands from 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band. The SHF region includes bands such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands, which may be used opportunistically by devices that may be capable of tolerating interference from other users.

Wireless communications system 100 may also operate in an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UEs 115 and base stations 105, and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be even smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some cases, this may facilitate use of antenna arrays within a UE 115. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subject to even greater atmospheric attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. Techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands. For example, wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) technology, or NR technology in an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz ISM band. When operating in unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands, wireless devices such as base stations 105 and UEs 115 may employ listen-before-talk (LBT) procedures to ensure a frequency channel is clear before transmitting data. In some cases, operations in unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating in a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations in unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, peer-to-peer transmissions, or a combination of these. Duplexing in unlicensed spectrum may be based on frequency division duplexing (FDD) , time division duplexing (TDD) , or a combination of both.

In some examples, base station 105 or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. For example, wireless communications system 100 may use a transmission scheme between a transmitting device (e.g., a base station 105) and a receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) , where the transmitting device is equipped with multiple antennas and the receiving device is equipped with one or more antennas. MIMO communications may employ multipath signal propagation to increase the spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers, which may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream, and may carry bits associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams. Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a base station 105 or a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam or receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that signals propagating at particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying certain amplitude and phase offsets to signals carried via each of the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .

In one example, a base station 105 may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. For instance, some signals (e.g. synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a base station 105 multiple times in different directions, which may include a signal being transmitted according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions in different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by the base station 105 or a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for subsequent transmission and/or reception by the base station 105.

Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a base station 105 in a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as a UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based at least in in part on a signal that was transmitted in different beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the base station 105 in different directions, and the UE 115 may report to the base station 105 an indication of the signal it received with a highest signal quality, or an otherwise acceptable signal quality. Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted in one or more directions by a base station 105, a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) , or transmitting a signal in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .

A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115, which may be an example of a mmW receiving device) may try multiple receive beams when receiving various signals from the base station 105, such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may try multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at a plurality of antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at a plurality of antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive beams or receive directions. In some examples a receiving device may use a single receive beam to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive beam may be aligned in a beam direction determined based at least in part on listening according to different receive beam directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio, or otherwise acceptable signal quality based at least in part on listening according to multiple beam directions) .

In some cases, the antennas of a base station 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays, which may support MIMO operations, or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some cases, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a base station 105 may be located in diverse geographic locations. A base station 105 may have an antenna array with a number of rows and columns of antenna ports that the base station 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may have one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operate according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer may be IP-based. A Radio Link Control (RLC) layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate over logical channels. A Medium Access Control (MAC) layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also use hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) to provide retransmission at the MAC layer to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a base station 105 or core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. At the Physical layer, transport channels may be mapped to physical channels.

In some cases, UEs 115 and base stations 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. HARQ feedback is one technique of increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly over a communication link 125. HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in poor radio conditions (e.g., signal-to-noise conditions) . In some cases, a wireless device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, where the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received in a previous symbol in the slot. In other cases, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.

Time intervals in LTE or NR may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit, which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of T _s = 1/30,720,000 seconds. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a duration of 10 milliseconds (ms) , where the frame period may be expressed as T _f = 307,200 T _s. The radio frames may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) ranging from 0 to 1023. Each frame may include 10 subframes numbered from 0 to 9, and each subframe may have a duration of 1 ms. A subframe may be further divided into 2 slots each having a duration of 0.5 ms, and each slot may contain 6 or 7 modulation symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may contain 2048 sampling periods. In some cases, a subframe may be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100, and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In other cases, a smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be shorter than a subframe or may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) or in selected component carriers using sTTIs) .

In some wireless communications systems, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots containing one or more symbols. In some instances, a symbol of a mini-slot or a mini-slot may be the smallest unit of scheduling. Each symbol may vary in duration depending on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation, for example. Further, some wireless communications systems may implement slot aggregation in which multiple slots or mini-slots are aggregated together and used for communication between a UE 115 and a base station 105.

The term “carrier” refers to a set of radio frequency spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communications over a communication link 125. For example, a carrier of a communication link 125 may include a portion of a radio frequency spectrum band that is operated according to physical layer channels for a given RAT. Each physical layer channel may carry user data, control information, or other signaling. A carrier may be associated with a pre-defined frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute radio frequency channel number (EARFCN) ) , and may be positioned according to a channel raster for discovery by UEs 115. Carriers may be downlink or uplink (e.g., in an FDD mode) , or be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) . In some examples, signal waveforms transmitted over a carrier may be made up of multiple sub-carriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) .

The organizational structure of the carriers may be different for different RATs (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, WiFi, Bluetooth, etc. ) . For example, communications over a carrier may be organized according to TTIs or slots, each of which may include user data as well as control information or signaling to support decoding the user data. A carrier may also include dedicated acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals or system information, etc. ) and control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier. In some examples (e.g., in a carrier aggregation configuration) , a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers.

Physical channels may be multiplexed on a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed on a downlink carrier, for example, using time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. In some examples, control information transmitted in a physical control channel may be distributed between different control regions in a cascaded manner (e.g., between a common control region or common search space and one or more UE-specific control regions or UE-specific search spaces) .

A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the radio frequency spectrum, and in some examples the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a number of predetermined bandwidths for carriers of a particular RAT (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 MHz) . In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating over portions or all of the carrier bandwidth. In other examples, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a predefined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or RBs) within a carrier (e.g., “in-band” deployment of a narrowband protocol type) .

In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may consist of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, where the symbol period and subcarrier spacing are inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme) . Thus, the more resource elements that a UE 115 receives and the higher the order of the modulation scheme, the higher the data rate may be for the UE 115. In MIMO systems, a wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of a radio frequency spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., spatial layers) , and the use of multiple spatial layers may further increase the data rate for communications with a UE 115.

Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., base stations 105 or UEs 115) may have a hardware configuration that supports communications over a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be configurable to support communications over one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include base stations 105 and/or UEs 115 that support simultaneous communications via carriers associated with more than one different carrier bandwidth.

Wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 on multiple cells or carriers, a feature which may be referred to as carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both FDD and TDD component carriers.

In some cases, wireless communications system 100 may utilize enhanced component carriers (eCCs) . An eCC may be characterized by one or more features including wider carrier or frequency channel bandwidth, shorter symbol duration, shorter TTI duration, or modified control channel configuration. In some cases, an eCC may be associated with a carrier aggregation configuration or a dual connectivity configuration (e.g., when multiple serving cells have a suboptimal or non-ideal backhaul link) . An eCC may also be configured for use in unlicensed spectrum or shared spectrum (e.g., where more than one operator is allowed to use the spectrum) . An eCC characterized by wide carrier bandwidth may include one or more segments that may be utilized by UEs 115 that are not capable of monitoring the whole carrier bandwidth or are otherwise configured to use a limited carrier bandwidth (e.g., to conserve power) .

In some cases, an eCC may utilize a different symbol duration than other component carriers, which may include use of a reduced symbol duration as compared with symbol durations of the other component carriers. A shorter symbol duration may be associated with increased spacing between adjacent subcarriers. A device, such as a UE 115 or base station 105, utilizing eCCs may transmit wideband signals (e.g., according to frequency channel or carrier bandwidths of 20, 40, 60, 80 MHz, etc. ) at reduced symbol durations (e.g., 16.67 microseconds) . A TTI in eCC may consist of one or multiple symbol periods. In some cases, the TTI duration (that is, the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable.

Wireless communications system 100 may include one or more vehicles 101-a, 101-b, each of which may be equipped with a RAT receiver 102-a, 102-b for receiving wireless signals via the RAT. The RAT may be a RAT associated with communicating V2X signals, for example, or for communicating other types of signals. Each RAT receiver 102 may include or may be coupled with an antenna 103-a, 103-b for receiving and transmitting wireless signals.

One or more of vehicles 101 may also include or may contain a wireless communications device 104-a, 104-b that is capable of communicating wireless signals, such as WiFi signals, Bluetooth signals, or other types of signals. In some cases, wireless communications device 104 may communicate wireless signals using a different RAT than the RAT of the RAT receiver 102. In some cases, wireless communications device 104 may be an example of UE 115.

One or more of the wireless communications devices 104 may include a transmission manager, which may determine that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle and adjust, based at least in part on the determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, a signal transmission parameter for wireless transmissions via a first radio access technology (RAT) . The wireless communications device 104 may transmit a signal via the first RAT in accordance with the signal transmission parameter.

One or more of the RAT receivers 102 may be configured to communicate via a first RAT, and may include an interference manager that may receive a vehicle-based signal via the first RAT. The interference manager may receive a second RAT signal via a second RAT receiver that is coupled with the RAT receiver 102. The second RAT receiver may be configured to communicate via the second RAT, which may be different than the first RAT. The interference manager may process the vehicle-based signal based at least in part on the second RAT signal.

One or more of the RAT receivers 102 may include an attenuation manager, which may detect a first RAT signal received at an antenna of the RAT receiver 102. The attenuation manager may determine a direction of arrival of the first RAT signal at the RAT receiver 102, and may generate a spatial attenuation pattern based at least in part on the direction of arrival of the first RAT signal. The attenuation manager may attenuate wireless reception at the antenna 103 of the RAT receiver 102 based at least in part on the spatial attenuation pattern.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a process 200 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, process 200 may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100.

In some cases, a wireless communications device, such as wireless communications device 104, may, at 205, determine that the wireless communications device is operating in a vehicle.

The wireless communications device may determine that it is operating in a vehicle based on a GPS position update or based on a cell ID change of cellular modes, for example, either of which may indicate that the wireless communications device is in motion.

The wireless communications device may determine that it is operating in a vehicle based on signals or information received from sensors in the wireless communications device, such as from accelerometers or other sensors that may indicate that the wireless communications device is in motion, or is enclosed in a vehicle, for example.

The wireless communications device may determine that it is operating in a vehicle based on the strength of a V2X signal received by the wireless communications device. For example, if the V2X signal strength is relatively high, the wireless communications device may determine that it is operating in a vehicle (e.g., a vehicle that is transmitting the V2X signal) .

In some cases, the wireless communication signal may determine that it is operating in a vehicle based on detection of a dedicated vehicle signal (e.g., a signal associated with the vehicle) , such as a wireless key signal used for unlocking the vehicle doors or starting the engine, a specific beacon from a Bluetooth transmitter, a special WiFi service set identifier (SSID) indication (e.g., indicating vehicle-based WiFi service) , or a combination of two or more of these signals, for example.

In some cases, the wireless communications device may determine that it is operating in a vehicle based on an indication or flag received from another device. For example, an external device (e.g., a device other than the wireless communications device, such as a separate UE) may determine that the external device and/or the wireless communications device is operating in a vehicle. The external device may transmit, to the wireless communications device, an indication that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle to notify the wireless communications device that it is operating in the vehicle.

In some cases, the wireless communications device may determine that it is operating in a vehicle based on a combination of two or more of the above-described techniques.

In some cases, if the wireless communications device determines that it is operating in a vehicle, at 210 the wireless communications device may adjust (e.g., select or change) one or more parameters associated with transmitting signals from the wireless communications device. Such parameters may include one or more of a transmission power, an MCS, and/or a frequency band, for example. In some cases, adjusting such parameters may reduce interference between signals transmitted by the wireless communications device (e.g., via a RAT, such as a WiFi RAT) and vehicle-based signals transmitted by a different RAT (e.g., via a V2X RAT) .

For example, in some cases, the wireless communications device may use a lower transmission power when it determines that it is operating in a vehicle relative to the transmission power it may use when it determines that it is operating outside of a vehicle. That is, the wireless communications device may reduce the transmission power (or select a low transmission power) associated with signal transmission when it determines that it is operating in a vehicle.

Generally, a wireless communications device may select an MCS for signal transmission. There may be multiple MCSs available for selection, such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) , binary phase shift keying (BPSK) , and various quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes such as 16 QAM, 32 QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM, etc. In general, a higher MCS (e.g., 64 QAM) may provide better signal quality at the cost of a higher transmission power and data rate relative to a lower MCS (e.g., QPSK, 16 QAM, 32 QAM) .

In some cases, if the wireless communications device determines that the wireless communications device is operating in a vehicle, the wireless communications device may restrict the maximum MCS that may be used for transmissions to an MCS (or multiple MCSs) that has a data rate below a threshold, which may be associated with a lower transmission power. For example, the wireless communications device may restrict the maximum MCS for transmission to QPSK or 16 QAM, which may have a data rate below a threshold, and may not allow transmission using 64 QAM or 128 QAM, which may have a data rate above the threshold. In some cases, the wireless communications device may select an MCS from a set of MCSs that is a subset of the MCSs available for transmission. For example, the set of MCSs available for transmission may include QPSK, 16 QAM, 32 QAM, and 128 QAM, and the wireless communications device may restrict the set of MCSs to a subset of QPSK and 16 QAM. The wireless communications device may then select an MCS of the restricted set of MCSs for transmission when it determines that it is operating in a vehicle.

In some cases, if the wireless communications device determines that it is operating in a vehicle, the wireless communications device may select a frequency band for transmitting signals that is separated from a frequency band associated with V2X transmissions by a threshold bandwidth to reduce interference with V2X signals. For example, in some cases, C-V2X signals may be associated with a 20 MHz frequency band starting at approximately 5.9 GHz, and WiFi (e.g., RLAN) signals may be associated with one or more 5-160 MHz frequency bands (for example) that may start at approximately 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 5150 MHz, 5470 MHz, and/or 5905 MHz. for example. Thus, in some cases, the frequency band associated with V2X signals may be adjacent to, or close to, the frequency band associated with some WiFi signals, which may increase the likelihood of interference of WiFi signals on V2X signals. In some cases, if the wireless communications device determines that it is operating in a vehicle, the wireless communications device may select a frequency band for transmitting signals (e.g., WiFi signals) that is separated from the frequency band associated with V2X transmissions by a threshold bandwidth (e.g., a guard band) of 1, 2, 3, or 5 GHz, or by another appropriate bandwidth. In some cases, the threshold bandwidth may depend on the traffic loading; e.g., on how many vehicles are nearby and potentially transmitting V2X signals. That is, the wireless communications device may select a frequency band based on a higher (wider) threshold bandwidth when there are many vehicles nearby compared to the case when there are fewer vehicles nearby. In some cases, the wireless communications device may check (e.g., determine) its own operating frequency, and may adjust one or more of the transmission parameters if the wireless communications device determines that its own operating frequency is adjacent to or near the frequency band associated with the vehicle-based signals.

In some cases, if the wireless communications device determines that it is operating outside of a vehicle, the wireless communications device may use a normal (e.g., higher) transmission power, a maximum MCS of available MCSs, and/or a normal (e.g., default) frequency band for transmissions.

A wireless communications device may determine whether it is operating in a vehicle or outside of a vehicle substantially continuously, or intermittently, or according to a periodic schedule, or in response to a control signal, or based on a combination of these techniques, for example.

In some cases, if the wireless communications device determines that it is operating in a vehicle, the wireless communications device may transition to an in-vehicle operating mode, in which the wireless communications device adjusts or selects transmission parameter (s) that are associated with the in-vehicle operation mode. For example, the in-vehicle operation mode may be associated with one or more particular transmission powers (e.g., transmission powers below a threshold) , a restricted set of MCSs (e.g., MCSs having a data rate below a threshold) , and/or particular frequency bands (e.g., frequency bands that are separated from the V2X frequency band by a threshold bandwidth) .

In some cases, if the wireless communications device determines that it is operating outside of a vehicle, the wireless communications device may transition to an out-of-vehicle operating mode, in which the wireless communications device adjusts or selects transmission parameter (s) associated with the out-of-vehicle operation mode. For example, the out-of-vehicle operation mode may be associated with one or more particular transmission powers (e.g., including transmission powers above the threshold) , MCSs (e.g., all available MCSs) , and/or frequency bands (e.g., including frequency bands that may be near the V2X frequency band) that may be different than those associated with the in-vehicle operation mode.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a system 300 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, system 300 may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100.

System 300 may include a first RAT module 305 for communicating signals (e.g., V2X signals) via the first RAT (e.g., a V2X RAT) and for processing the signals communicated via the first RAT. The first RAT module 305 may include a first RAT transceiver 310 (e.g., including a first RAT receiver and transmitter) having an antenna 320 for receiving and transmitting signals via the first RAT. That is, the first RAT transceiver 310 may be configured to communicate via the first RAT. The first RAT receiver (e.g., first RAT transceiver 310) may be a V2X receiver configured to receive vehicle-based signals via the first RAT, such as receiving V2X signals via a V2X RAT, for example. In some cases, the first RAT module 305 (or a vehicle) may include an isolation or shielding grid under the antenna (e.g., if the antenna is on the roof of the vehicle) to suppress the interference of other signals emitted in the vehicle.

The first RAT module 305 may also include a second RAT receiver 315 having an antenna 325 for receiving signals via the second RAT, which may be a different RAT than the first RAT. In some cases, antenna 325 may be tuned to a different frequency than antenna 320, for example. The second RAT receiver 315 may be configured to communicate via the second RAT. The second RAT receiver 315 may be coupled with the first RAT transceiver 310, such as via a baseband processor 330. The second RAT receiver 315 may be a WiFi RAT receiver, for example, and may be configured to receive WiFi signals transmitted by an external wireless communications device, such as wireless communications device 104. The external wireless communications device may include an on-board (e.g., in-vehicle) second RAT transmitter 335 (e.g., a WiFi transmitter) with an antenna 340 for transmitting signals via the second RAT. Optionally, second RAT transmitter 335 may be coupled with first RAT module 305 by a line-in 345, which may be a direct electrical connection such as a wire. In this case, first RAT module 305 may receive the second RAT signal via the line-in 345 or via the second RAT receiver 315. In some cases, the second RAT transmitter 335 (e.g., in a wireless communications device) may be located within or outside of the vehicle.

In some cases, the first RAT module 305 may be configured to receive vehicle-based signals via the first RAT transceiver 310, receive a second RAT signal via the second RAT receiver 315, and process the vehicle-based signals based on the second RAT signal. In some cases, the RAT module 305 may be configured to process the vehicle-based signal to cancel an interference in the vehicle-based signal from the second RAT signal, for example. That is, the first RAT module 305 may use the second RAT signal to cancel interference in the vehicle-based signal that may arise due to signal transmissions from the second RAT transmitter 335.

In some cases, the first RAT module 305 may cancel the interference in the vehicle-based signal using a linear interference cancellation algorithm, a non-linear interference cancellation algorithm, or a combination of the two. In some cases, cancelling the interference may include estimating the out-of-bound emissions of the second RAT signal; e.g., a portion of the second RAT signal that is detected out of the frequency band associated with the second RAT signal.

For WiFi signals, the major WiFi spurious (e.g., out-of-bound) emission may come from (e.g., be associated with) the IP3 (e.g., third-order intercept) of the power amplifier. The IP3 may provide an indication of the non-linearities in the power amplifier of the WiFi device, and may have the same statistical characteristics as the in-band signal. Thus, in some cases, the WiFi preamble may be used as a training sequence for interference cancellation. That is, the interference cancellation algorithm may be based on the WiFi preamble. In this case, the first RAT module 305 may identify a WiFi preamble in the second RAT signal, and may generate a noise cancellation signal based on the WiFi preamble. The noise cancellation signal may be applied to the vehicle-based signal to cancel the interference from the second RAT signal, for example.

In some cases, the first RAT module 305 may perform the interference cancellation algorithm (s) in a baseband processor 330 that is configured to process the vehicle-based signals after they are converted to the baseband frequency region (e.g., a frequency of the signal before it is modulated) . Thus, the interference cancellation algorithm (s) may be performed after demodulating the vehicle-based signal and/or the second RAT signal.

In some cases, the first RAT module may receive the second RAT signal concurrently with receiving the vehicle-based signal; that is, the first RAT transceiver 310 may receive signals concurrently with the second RAT receiver 315 receiving signals.

In some cases, the first RAT module 305 may suspend interference cancellation while transmitting vehicle-based signals via first RAT transceiver 310.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a spatial attenuation pattern 400 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Example spatial attenuation pattern 400 may implement aspects of wireless communications system 100 and/or system 300. Example spatial attenuation pattern 400 may be an example of a vertical direction attenuation pattern. Note that, in the description that follows, the terms “first RAT” and “second RAT” may be reversed with respect to the discussion of FIG. 3.

In some cases, a first RAT signal, such as a WiFi signal, may be detected at an antenna (e.g., antenna 320) of a second RAT receiver (e.g., first RAT transceiver 310) . The second RAT receiver may be a V2X receiver, for example. In this case, a RAT module (such as first RAT module 305) may determine a direction of arrival (DOA) of the first RAT signal at the antenna. The DOA may indicate the position of a first RAT transmitter (such as second RAT transmitter 335, which may be a wireless communications device) relative to the antenna, and may be the DOA of a signal that may interfere with a vehicle-based signal.

In some cases, a RAT module may generate a spatial attenuation pattern, such as example spatial attenuation pattern 400, based on the DOA of the first RAT signal in order to attenuate reception of the first RAT signal. Attenuating reception of the first RAT signal may reduce interference of the first RAT signal on a vehicle-based signal, for example.

A spatial attenuation pattern, such as example spatial attenuation pattern 400, may be a pattern that specifies the attenuation of a signal such that signal components in certain directions (e.g., at certain arrival angles, such as 0 degrees, 90 degrees, etc. ) are received with less strength than signal components in other directions. The amount of attenuation may be indicated on a spatial attenuation pattern in terms of decibels (dBs) , with a more negative dB value indicating higher attenuation. A spatial attenuation pattern, such as spatial attenuation pattern 400, may include a main lobe 405 associated with a DOA of the desired signal (e.g., a vehicle-based V2X signal) and one or more side lobes 410 associated with DOAs of one or more other signals, such as a DOA of a WiFi signal.

In some cases, a RAT module may dynamically generate the spatial attenuation pattern based on the DOA of the first RAT signal. That is, the spatial attenuation pattern may depend on the DOA of the first RAT signal, and may change if the DOA of the first RAT changes (e.g., due to a user moving a wireless communications device within the vehicle) . In some cases, the spatial attenuation pattern may attenuate signals toward the DOA of one or several of the strongest WiFi aggressor signals (e.g., if there are multiple WiFi transmitters in or near the vehicle) .

In some cases, the first RAT signal may be detected by determining a signal strength, such as a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , associated with the first RAT signal.

In some cases, the first RAT signal may be detected by identifying a reference symbol associated with the first RAT symbol, such as WiFi reference symbol.

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or wireless communications device 104 as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmission manager 515, and a transmitter 520. The device 505 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 510 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The transmission manager 515 may determine, at a wireless communications device, that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, and adjust, based on the determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, a signal transmission parameter for wireless transmissions via a first RAT. The transmission manager 515 may transmit a signal via the first RAT in accordance with the signal transmission parameter. The transmission manager 515 may be an example of aspects of the transmission manager 810 described herein.

The transmission manager 515, or its sub-components, may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the transmission manager 515, or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.

The transmission manager 515, or its sub-components, may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components. In some examples, the transmission manager 515, or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the transmission manager 515, or its sub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

The transmitter 520 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 505. In some examples, the transmitter 520 may be collocated with a receiver 510 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 520 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8. The transmitter 520 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a device 505, a wireless communications device 104, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmission manager 615, and a transmitter 635. The device 605 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 610 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The transmission manager 615 may be an example of aspects of the transmission manager 515 as described herein. The transmission manager 615 may include a mode determination module 620, a parameter adjustment module 625, and a signal transmission module 630. The transmission manager 615 may be an example of aspects of the transmission manager 810 described herein.

The mode determination module 620 may determine, at a wireless communications device, that the wireless communications device is operating in a vehicle.

The parameter adjustment module 625 may adjust, based on the determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, a signal transmission parameter for wireless transmissions via a first RAT.

The signal transmission module 630 may transmit a signal via the first RAT in accordance with the signal transmission parameter.

The transmitter 635 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 605. In some examples, the transmitter 635 may be collocated with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 635 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 820 described with reference to FIG. 8. The transmitter 635 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a transmission manager 705 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The transmission manager 705 may be an example of aspects of a transmission manager 515, a transmission manager 615, or a transmission manager 810 described herein. The transmission manager 705 may include a mode determination module 710, a parameter adjustment module 715, and a signal transmission module 720. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The mode determination module 710 may determine, at a wireless communications device, that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle.

In some examples, the mode determination module 710 may transition operation of the wireless communications device to an in-vehicle operation mode based on a determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle.

In some examples, the mode determination module 710 may receive information from a sensor in the vehicle. In some examples, the mode determination module 710 may determine that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle based on information received from the sensor.

In some examples, the mode determination module 710 may receive one or more reference signals including a Bluetooth signal, a WiFi identification signal, a global positioning satellite signal, a cell identifier signal, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the mode determination module 710 may determine that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle based on the one or more reference signals or the combination thereof. In some cases, the global positioning satellite signal includes a GPS, BDS signal, or GLONASS signal.

In some examples, the mode determination module 710 may receive, from an external device, an indication that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle. In some examples, the mode determination module 710 may determine that the wireless communications device is operating outside of the vehicle. In some cases, the external device is a UE, a vehicle-based transceiver, or a small cell.

In some examples, the mode determination module 710 may transition operation of the wireless communications device to an out-of-vehicle operation mode based on a determination that the wireless communications device is operating outside of the vehicle.

The parameter adjustment module 715 may adjust, based on the determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, a signal transmission parameter for wireless transmissions via a first RAT. In some examples, the adjustment of the signal transmission parameter reduces interference between signals transmitted by the wireless communications device via the first RAT and vehicle-based signals transmitted via a second RAT.

In some examples, the parameter adjustment module 715 may select a transmission power for transmission of the signal via the first RAT. In some examples, the parameter adjustment module 715 may enter a low-power mode.

In some examples, the parameter adjustment module 715 may identify a set of one or more modulation schemes associated with an in-vehicle operation mode. In some examples, the parameter adjustment module 715 may select a modulation scheme from the set of one or more modulation schemes. In some examples, the parameter adjustment module 715 may select a an MCS having a data rate below a threshold.

In some examples, the parameter adjustment module 715 may select a first frequency band for transmission of the signal via the first RAT, the first frequency band separated from a second frequency band associated with receiving a vehicle-based signal via a second RAT by at least a threshold bandwidth.

In some examples, the parameter adjustment module 715 may determine that a first frequency band associated with the signal to be transmitted via the first RAT is separated from a second frequency band associated with receiving a vehicle-based signal via a second RAT by less than a threshold bandwidth, where the signal transmission parameter is adjusted based on the determination that the first frequency band is separated from the second frequency band by less than the threshold bandwidth.

In some cases, the set of one or more modulation schemes associated with the in-vehicle operation mode is a subset of a second set of modulation schemes associated with an out-of-vehicle operation mode.

In some cases, the first RAT is for WiFi communications and the second RAT is for a different communication protocol. In some cases, the different communication protocol is for satellite communications, radar communications, or fixed service communications. In some cases, the second RAT is for V2X communications. In some cases, a first frequency band associated with the first RAT at least partially overlaps a second frequency band associated with the different communication protocol.

The signal transmission module 720 may transmit a signal via the first RAT in accordance with the signal transmission parameter.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of or include the components of device 505, device 605, a wireless communications device 104, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including a transmission manager 810, an I/O controller 815, a transceiver 820, an antenna 825, memory 830, and a processor 840. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 845) .

The transmission manager 810 may determine, at a wireless communications device, that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, and adjust, based on the determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, a signal transmission parameter for wireless transmissions via a first RAT. The transmission manager 810 may transmit a signal via the first RAT in accordance with the signal transmission parameter.

The I/O controller 815 may manage input and output signals for the device 805. The I/O controller 815 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 805. In some cases, the I/O controller 815 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I/O controller 815 may utilize an operating system such as

MS-

OS/

or another known operating system. In other cases, the I/O controller 815 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I/O controller 815 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 805 via the I/O controller 815 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 815.

The transceiver 820 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver 820 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 820 may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas.

In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna 825. However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 825, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

The memory 830 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 835 including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 830 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The processor 840 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 840. The processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications) .

The code 835 may include instructions to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions to support mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code 835 may not be directly executable by the processor 840 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a device 905 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of aspects of a RAT receiver 102 as described herein. The device 905 may include a receiver 910, an interference manager 915, and a transmitter 920. The device 905 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 910 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1220 described with reference to FIG. 12. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The interference manager 915 may detect a first RAT signal received at an antenna of a second RAT receiver at the vehicle, determine a direction of arrival of the first RAT signal at the second RAT receiver, generate a spatial attenuation pattern based on the direction of arrival of the first RAT signal, and attenuate wireless reception at the antenna of the second RAT receiver based on the spatial attenuation pattern. The interference manager 915 may be an example of aspects of the interference manager 1210 described herein.

The interference manager 915, or its sub-components, may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the interference manager 915, or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.

The interference manager 915, or its sub-components, may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components. In some examples, the interference manager 915, or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the interference manager 915, or its sub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

The transmitter 920 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 905. In some examples, the transmitter 920 may be collocated with a receiver 910 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 920 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1220 described with reference to FIG. 12. The transmitter 920 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a device 1005 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of aspects of a device 905, or a RAT receiver 102. The device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, an interference manager 1015, and a transmitter 1040. The device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 1010 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1005. The receiver 1010 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1220 described with reference to FIG. 12. The receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The interference manager 1015 may be an example of aspects of the interference manager 915 as described herein. The interference manager 1015 may include an interference detection module 1020, a direction determination module 1025, a pattern generation module 1030, and an attenuation manager 1035. The interference manager 1015 may be an example of aspects of the interference manager 1210 described herein.

The interference detection module 1020 may detect a first RAT signal received at an antenna of a second RAT receiver at the vehicle.

The direction determination module 1025 may determine a direction of arrival of the first RAT signal at the second RAT receiver.

The pattern generation module 1030 may generate a spatial attenuation pattern based on the direction of arrival of the first RAT signal.

The attenuation manager 1035 may attenuate wireless reception at the antenna of the second RAT receiver based on the spatial attenuation pattern.

The transmitter 1040 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 1005. In some examples, the transmitter 1040 may be collocated with a receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 1040 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1220 described with reference to FIG. 12. The transmitter 1040 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 11 shows a block diagram 1100 of an interference manager 1105 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The interference manager 1105 may be an example of aspects of an interference manager 915, an interference manager 1015, or an interference manager 1210 described herein. The interference manager 1105 may include an interference detection module 1110, a direction determination module 1115, a pattern generation module 1120, and an attenuation manager 1125. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The interference detection module 1110 may detect a first RAT signal received at an antenna of a second RAT receiver at the vehicle. In some examples, the interference detection module 1110 may determine a signal strength associated with the first RAT signal. In some examples, the interference detection module 1110 may identify a reference symbol associated with the first RAT signal. In some cases, the first RAT signal is received from a wireless communications device located in the vehicle and transmitting via the first RAT. In some cases, the first RAT is for WiFi communications and the second RAT is for V2X communications.

The direction determination module 1115 may determine a direction of arrival of the first RAT signal at the second RAT receiver.

The pattern generation module 1120 may generate a spatial attenuation pattern based on the direction of arrival of the first RAT signal. In some cases, the spatial attenuation pattern is dynamically generated.

The attenuation manager 1125 may attenuate wireless reception at the antenna of the second RAT receiver based on the spatial attenuation pattern.

FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of or include the components of device 905, device 1005, or RAT receiver 102 as described herein. The device 1205 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including an interference manager 1210, an I/O controller 1215, a transceiver 1220, an antenna 1225, memory 1230, and a processor 1240. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1245) .

The interference manager 1210 may detect a first RAT signal received at an antenna of a second RAT receiver at the vehicle, determine a direction of arrival of the first RAT signal at the second RAT receiver, generate a spatial attenuation pattern based on the direction of arrival of the first RAT signal, and attenuate wireless reception at the antenna of the second RAT receiver based on the spatial attenuation pattern.

The I/O controller 1215 may manage input and output signals for the device 1205. The I/O controller 1215 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1205. In some cases, the I/O controller 1215 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I/O controller 1215 may utilize an operating system such as

MS-

OS/

or another known operating system. In other cases, the I/O controller 1215 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I/O controller 1215 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1205 via the I/O controller 1215 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 1215.

The transceiver 1220 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver 1220 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1220 may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas.

In some cases, the wireless device may include a single antenna 1225. However, in some cases the device may have more than one antenna 1225, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.

The memory 1230 may include RAM, ROM, or a combination thereof. The memory 1230 may store computer-readable code 1235 including instructions that, when executed by a processor (e.g., the processor 1240) cause the device to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1230 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The processor 1240 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the processor 1240 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some cases, a memory controller may be integrated into processor 1240. The processor 1240 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1230) to cause the device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications) .

The code 1235 may include instructions to implement aspects of the present disclosure, including instructions to support mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications. The code 1235 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or other type of memory. In some cases, the code 1235 may not be directly executable by the processor 1240 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.

FIG. 13 shows a block diagram 1300 of a device 1305 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of aspects of a RAT receiver 102 as described herein. The device 1305 may include a receiver 1310, an attenuation manager 1315, and a transmitter 1320. The device 1305 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 1310 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1305. The receiver 1310 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1620 described with reference to FIG. 16. The receiver 1310 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The attenuation manager 1315 may receive a vehicle-based signal at a first RAT receiver at the vehicle, the first RAT receiver configured to communicate via the first RAT, receive, via a second RAT receiver that is coupled with the first RAT receiver, a second RAT signal, the second RAT receiver configured to communicate via the second RAT, and process the vehicle-based signal based on the second RAT signal. The attenuation manager 1315 may be an example of aspects of the attenuation manager 1610 described herein.

The attenuation manager 1315, or its sub-components, may be implemented in hardware, code (e.g., software or firmware) executed by a processor, or any combination thereof. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the attenuation manager 1315, or its sub-components may be executed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described in the present disclosure.

The attenuation manager 1315, or its sub-components, may be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations by one or more physical components. In some examples, the attenuation manager 1315, or its sub-components, may be a separate and distinct component in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some examples, the attenuation manager 1315, or its sub-components, may be combined with one or more other hardware components, including but not limited to an input/output (I/O) component, a transceiver, a network server, another computing device, one or more other components described in the present disclosure, or a combination thereof in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

The transmitter 1320 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 1305. In some examples, the transmitter 1320 may be collocated with a receiver 1310 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 1320 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1620 described with reference to FIG. 16. The transmitter 1320 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 14 shows a block diagram 1400 of a device 1405 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1405 may be an example of aspects of a device 1305 or a RAT receiver 102 as described herein. The device 1405 may include a receiver 1410, an attenuation manager 1415, and a transmitter 1435. The device 1405 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The receiver 1410 may receive information such as packets, user data, or control information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, and information related to mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications, etc. ) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1405. The receiver 1410 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1620 described with reference to FIG. 16. The receiver 1410 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

The attenuation manager 1415 may be an example of aspects of the attenuation manager 1315 as described herein. The attenuation manager 1415 may include a signal reception module 1420, an interference reception module 1425, and a signal processing module 1430. The attenuation manager 1415 may be an example of aspects of the attenuation manager 1610 described herein.

The signal reception module 1420 may receive a vehicle-based signal at a first RAT receiver at the vehicle, the first RAT receiver configured to communicate via the first RAT.

The interference reception module 1425 may receive, via a second RAT receiver that is coupled with the first RAT receiver, a second RAT signal, the second RAT receiver configured to communicate via the second RAT.

The signal processing module 1430 may process the vehicle-based signal based on the second RAT signal.

The transmitter 1435 may transmit signals generated by other components of the device 1405. In some examples, the transmitter 1435 may be collocated with a receiver 1410 in a transceiver module. For example, the transmitter 1435 may be an example of aspects of the transceiver 1620 described with reference to FIG. 16. The transmitter 1435 may utilize a single antenna or a set of antennas.

FIG. 15 shows a block diagram 1500 of an attenuation manager 1505 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The attenuation manager 1505 may be an example of aspects of an attenuation manager 1315, an attenuation manager 1415, or an attenuation manager 1610 described herein. The attenuation manager 1505 may include a signal reception module 1510, an interference reception module 1515, and a signal processing module 1520. Each of these modules may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .

The signal reception module 1510 may receive a vehicle-based signal at a first RAT receiver at the vehicle, the first RAT receiver configured to communicate via the first RAT.

The interference reception module 1515 may receive, via a second RAT receiver that is coupled with the first RAT receiver, a second RAT signal, the second RAT receiver configured to communicate via the second RAT. In some examples, the interference reception module 1515 may identify a WiFi preamble within the second RAT signal.

In some examples, receiving the second RAT signal includes receiving the second RAT signal as a line-in from a coupled wireless communications device transmitting via the second RAT. In some examples, receiving the second RAT signal includes receiving the second RAT signal from an external wireless communications device transmitting via the second RAT and located within or outside the vehicle. In some cases, the second RAT signal is received concurrently with reception of the vehicle-based signal.

In some cases, the second RAT is for WiFi communications and the first RAT is for V2X communications.

The signal processing module 1520 may process the vehicle-based signal based on the second RAT signal.

In some examples, the signal processing module 1520 may cancel an interference in the vehicle-based signal, the interference associated with the second RAT signal.

In some examples, cancelling the interference in the vehicle-based signal includes applying a linear interference cancellation algorithm, a nonlinear interference cancellation algorithm, or a combination thereof to the vehicle-based signal based on the second RAT signal.

In some examples, the signal processing module 1520 may generate a noise cancellation signal based on the WiFi preamble, where cancelling the interference includes applying the noise cancellation signal to the vehicle-based signal.

In some examples, cancelling the interference in the vehicle-based signal includes performing the interference cancelling at a first RAT baseband processor of the first RAT receiver.

FIG. 16 shows a diagram of a system 1600 including a device 1605 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1605 may be an example of or include the components of device 1305, device 1405, or a RAT receiver 102 as described herein. The device 1605 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, including an attenuation manager 1610, an I/O controller 1615, a transceiver 1620, memory 1625, a processor 1630, and a database 1635. These components may be in electronic communication via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1640) .

The attenuation manager 1610 may receive a vehicle-based signal at a first RAT receiver at the vehicle, the first RAT receiver configured to communicate via the first RAT, receive, via a second RAT receiver that is coupled with the first RAT receiver, a second RAT signal, the second RAT receiver configured to communicate via the second RAT, and process the vehicle-based signal based on the second RAT signal.

The I/O controller 1615 may manage input signals 1645 and output signals 1650 for the device 1605. The I/O controller 1615 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1605. In some cases, the I/O controller 1615 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I/O controller 1615 may utilize an operating system such as

MS-

OS/

or another known operating system. In other cases, the I/O controller 1615 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I/O controller 1615 may be implemented as part of a processor. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1605 via the I/O controller 1615 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 1615.

The transceiver 1620 may communicate bi-directionally, via one or more antennas, wired, or wireless links as described above. For example, the transceiver 1620 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1620 may also include a modem to modulate the packets and provide the modulated packets to the antennas for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the antennas.

Memory 1625 may include random-access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1625 may store computer-readable, computer-executable software including instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to perform various functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1625 may contain, among other things, a basic input/output system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The processor 1630 may include an intelligent hardware device, (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a central processing unit (CPU) , a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the processor 1630 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1630. The processor 1630 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory 1625 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications) .

FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1700 may be implemented by a wireless communications device 104 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1700 may be performed by a transmission manager as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8. In some examples, a wireless communications device may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the wireless communications device to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a wireless communications device may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1705, the wireless communications device may determine, at the wireless communications device, that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by a mode determination module as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.

At 1710, the wireless communications device may adjust, based on the determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, a signal transmission parameter for wireless transmissions via a first RAT. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a parameter adjustment module as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.

At 1715, the wireless communications device may transmit a signal via the first RAT in accordance with the signal transmission parameter. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by a signal transmission module as described with reference to FIGs. 5 through 8.

FIG. 18 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1800 may be implemented by RAT receiver 102 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1800 may be performed by an attenuation manager as described with reference to FIGs. 13 through 16. In some examples, a RAT receiver 102 may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the RAT receiver to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a RAT receiver may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1805, the RAT receiver may receive a vehicle-based signal at a first RAT receiver at the vehicle, the first RAT receiver configured to communicate via the first RAT. The operations of 1805 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed by a signal reception module as described with reference to FIGs. 13 through 16.

At 1810, the RAT receiver may receive, via a second RAT receiver that is coupled with the first RAT receiver, a second RAT signal, the second RAT receiver configured to communicate via the second RAT. The operations of 1810 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by an interference reception module as described with reference to FIGs. 13 through 16.

At 1815, the RAT receiver may process the vehicle-based signal based on the second RAT signal. The operations of 1815 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed by a signal processing module as described with reference to FIGs. 13 through 16.

FIG. 19 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 that supports mitigation of WiFi interference on V2X communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1900 may be implemented by a RAT receiver 102 or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1900 may be performed by an interference manager as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12. In some examples, a RAT receiver may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the RAT receiver to perform the functions described below. Additionally or alternatively, a RAT receiver may perform aspects of the functions described below using special-purpose hardware.

At 1905, the RAT receiver may detect a first RAT signal received at an antenna of a second RAT receiver at the vehicle. The operations of 1905 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed by an interference detection module as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1910, the RAT receiver may determine a direction of arrival of the first RAT signal at the second RAT receiver. The operations of 1910 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed by a direction determination module as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1915, the RAT receiver may generate a spatial attenuation pattern based on the direction of arrival of the first RAT signal. The operations of 1915 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed by a pattern generation module as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

At 1920, the RAT receiver may attenuate wireless reception at the antenna of the second RAT receiver based on the spatial attenuation pattern. The operations of 1920 may be performed according to the methods described herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1920 may be performed by an attenuation manager as described with reference to FIGs. 9 through 12.

It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

Techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communications systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) , single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) , and other systems. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) , etc. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 Releases may be commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) , etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. A TDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) .

An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) .LTE, LTE-A, and LTE-A Pro are releases of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, and GSM are described in documents from the organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP) . CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2) . The techniques described herein may be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned herein as well as other systems and radio technologies. While aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR applications.

A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A small cell may be associated with a lower-powered base station, as compared with a macro cell, and a small cell may operate in the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc. ) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may include pico cells, femto cells, and micro cells according to various examples. A pico cell, for example, may cover a small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions with the network provider. A femto cell may also cover a small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may provide restricted access by UEs having an association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , UEs for users in the home, and the like) . An eNB for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro eNB. An eNB for a small cell may be referred to as a small cell eNB, a pico eNB, a femto eNB, or a home eNB. An eNB may support one or multiple (e.g., two, three, four, and the like) cells, and may also support communications using one or multiple component carriers.

The wireless communications systems described herein may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the base stations may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the base stations may have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.

Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The various illustrative blocks and modules described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) .

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an exemplary step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”

In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.

The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “exemplary” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

The description herein is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

A method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle, comprising:

determining, at a wireless communications device, that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle;

adjusting, based at least in part on the determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle, a signal transmission parameter for wireless transmissions via a first radio access technology (RAT) ; and

transmitting a signal via the first RAT in accordance with the signal transmission parameter.
The method of claim 1, further comprising:

transitioning operation of the wireless communications device to an in-vehicle operation mode based at least in part on a determination that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle.
The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the signal transmission parameter comprises:

selecting a transmission power for transmission of the signal via the first RAT.
The method of claim 3, wherein adjusting the signal transmission parameter comprises:

entering a low-power mode.
The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the signal transmission parameter comprises:

identifying a set of one or more modulation schemes associated with an in-vehicle operation mode; and

selecting a modulation scheme from the set of one or more modulation schemes.
The method of claim 5, wherein the set of one or more modulation schemes associated with the in-vehicle operation mode is a subset of a second set of modulation schemes associated with an out-of-vehicle operation mode.
The method of claim 5, wherein selecting the modulation scheme comprises:

selecting a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) having a data rate below a threshold.
The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the signal transmission parameter comprises:

selecting a first frequency band for transmission of the signal via the first RAT, the first frequency band separated from a second frequency band associated with receiving a vehicle-based signal via a second RAT by at least a threshold bandwidth.
The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining that a first frequency band associated with the signal to be transmitted via the first RAT is separated from a second frequency band associated with receiving a vehicle-based signal via a second RAT by less than a threshold bandwidth, wherein the signal transmission parameter is adjusted based at least in part on the determination that the first frequency band is separated from the second frequency band by less than the threshold bandwidth.
The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle comprises:

receiving information from a sensor in the vehicle; and

determining that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle based at least in part on information received from the sensor.
The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle comprises:

receiving one or more reference signals comprising a Bluetooth signal, a WiFi identification signal, a global positioning satellite signal, a cell identifier signal, or a combination thereof; and

determining that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle based at least in part on the one or more reference signals or the combination thereof.
The method of claim 11, wherein the global positioning satellite signal comprises a GPS (Global Positioning Signal) , BDS (BeiDou System) signal, or GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signal.
The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle comprises:

receiving, from an external device, an indication that the wireless communications device is operating in the vehicle.
The method of claim 13, wherein the external device is a user equipment (UE) , a vehicle-based transceiver, or a small cell.
The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining that the wireless communications device is operating outside of the vehicle; and

transitioning operation of the wireless communications device to an out-of-vehicle operation mode based at least in part on a determination that the wireless communications device is operating outside of the vehicle.
The method of claim 1, wherein:

adjustment of the signal transmission parameter reduces interference between signals transmitted by the wireless communications device via the first RAT and vehicle-based signals transmitted via a second RAT.
The method of claim 16, wherein the first RAT is for WiFi communications and the second RAT is for a different communication protocol.
The method of claim 17, wherein the different communication protocol is for satellite communications, radar communications, or fixed service communications.
The method of claim 17, wherein transmitting the signal via the first RAT comprises transmitting the signal within a first frequency band that at least partially overlaps a second frequency band associated with the different communication protocol.
The method of claim 16, wherein the second RAT is for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications.
An apparatus for use in the method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle as claimed in claims 1-19.
A computer readable medium for the method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle as claimed in claims 1-19.
An apparatus, comprising means for performing the method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle as claimed in claims 1-19.
A method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle, comprising:

receiving a vehicle-based signal at a first radio access technology (RAT) receiver at the vehicle, the first RAT receiver configured to communicate via the first RAT;

receiving, via a second RAT receiver that is coupled with the first RAT receiver, a second RAT signal, the second RAT receiver configured to communicate via the second RAT; and

processing the vehicle-based signal based at least in part on the second RAT signal.
The method of claim 24, wherein the second RAT signal is received concurrently with reception of the vehicle-based signal.
The method of claim 24, wherein processing the vehicle-based signal comprises:

cancelling an interference in the vehicle-based signal, the interference associated with the second RAT signal.
The method of claim 26, wherein:

cancelling the interference in the vehicle-based signal comprises applying a linear interference cancellation algorithm, a nonlinear interference cancellation algorithm, or a combination thereof to the vehicle-based signal based at least in part on the second RAT signal.
The method of claim 26, further comprising:

identifying a WiFi preamble within the second RAT signal; and

generating a noise cancellation signal based at least in part on the WiFi preamble, wherein cancelling the interference comprises applying the noise cancellation signal to the vehicle-based signal.
The method of claim 26, wherein:

cancelling the interference in the vehicle-based signal comprises performing the interference cancelling at a first RAT baseband processor of the first RAT receiver.
The method of claim 24, wherein:

receiving the second RAT signal comprises receiving the second RAT signal as a line-in from a coupled wireless communications device transmitting via the second RAT.
The method of claim 24, wherein:

receiving the second RAT signal comprises receiving the second RAT signal from an external wireless communications device transmitting via the second RAT and located within or outside the vehicle.
The method of claim 24, wherein the second RAT is for WiFi communications and the first RAT is for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications.
An apparatus for use in the method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle as claimed in claims 23-31.
A computer readable medium for the method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle as claimed in claims 23-31.
An apparatus, comprising means for performing the method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle as claimed in claims 23-31.
A method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle, comprising:

detecting a first radio access technology (RAT) signal received at an antenna of a second RAT receiver at the vehicle;

determining a direction of arrival of the first RAT signal at the second RAT receiver;

generating a spatial attenuation pattern based at least in part on the direction of arrival of the first RAT signal; and

attenuating wireless reception at the antenna of the second RAT receiver based at least in part on the spatial attenuation pattern.
The method of claim 36, wherein detecting the first RAT signal comprises:

determining a signal strength associated with the first RAT signal.
The method of claim 36, wherein detecting the first RAT signal comprises:

identifying a reference symbol associated with the first RAT signal.
The method of claim 36, wherein the spatial attenuation pattern is dynamically generated.
The method of claim 36, wherein the first RAT signal is received from a wireless communications device located in the vehicle and transmitting via the first RAT.
The method of claim 36, wherein the first RAT is for WiFicommunications and the second RAT is for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications.
An apparatus for use in the method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle as claimed in claims 35-41.
A computer readable medium for the method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle as claimed in claims 35-41.
An apparatus, comprising means for performing the method of mitigating wireless signal interference in a vehicle as claimed in claims 35-41.