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WO2020161519A1 - Bioréacteur pour des biofilms stationnaires composés de micro-organismes photosynthétiquement actifs - Google Patents

Bioréacteur pour des biofilms stationnaires composés de micro-organismes photosynthétiquement actifs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020161519A1
WO2020161519A1 PCT/IB2019/050916 IB2019050916W WO2020161519A1 WO 2020161519 A1 WO2020161519 A1 WO 2020161519A1 IB 2019050916 W IB2019050916 W IB 2019050916W WO 2020161519 A1 WO2020161519 A1 WO 2020161519A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
biofilm
bioreactor according
air
housing
openings
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2019/050916
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Benjamin Herzog
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Solaga Ug
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Solaga Ug
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Solaga Ug filed Critical Solaga Ug
Priority to PCT/IB2019/050916 priority Critical patent/WO2020161519A1/fr
Publication of WO2020161519A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020161519A1/fr
Priority to ATA50639/2021A priority patent/AT523817A2/de
Priority to DKPA202100791A priority patent/DK202100791A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C12M23/04—Flat or tray type, drawers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/22—Transparent or translucent parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
    • C12M25/02—Membranes; Filters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/10—Perfusion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
    • C12M31/08—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light by conducting or reflecting elements located inside the reactor or in its structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bioreactor for keeping a stationary biofilm from photosynthetically active microorganisms alive and a method for air purification and substance production.
  • PAM photosynthetically active microorganisms
  • the PAM are mainly circulated by mechanical forces or gassing flows so that all cells are irradiated with light. In addition, energy-intensive gassing is necessary so that all cells receive the CO2 they need. In most cases of application, the PAM are harvested by separating them from the medium by centrifugation, which uses a lot of energy. The water in the medium is used up.
  • biofilms made from PAM have a number of advantages.
  • a biofilm is a thin film of slime in which populations of microorganisms are organized. The largest part of all microorganisms occurs naturally in such mostly heterogeneous biofilms.
  • the biofilm offers them many advantages. In this way they can fix themselves permanently to objects, protect themselves from intruders and live in symbiosis with other organisms.
  • the mucus layer is an exopolysaccharide layer (EPS) consisting predominantly of polyuronides, ie polysaccharides which contain uronic acids such as.
  • EPS exopolysaccharide layer
  • the uronic acids are always in pyranose form and give the macromolecules an acidic character and the ability to store water and thus to form a gel. It was found in studies that the cells in the biofilm network also exchange substances with one another, so that the cells located further down are also supplied with the substances produced by light, oxygen is removed and C0 2 is also transported in and distributed in the form of FICO3 becomes.
  • the EPS protects the PAM against dehydration, large temperature differences, salt stress, strong radiation and predators. This enables the PAM to survive much better in nature. It is intended to make PAM biofilms usable for humans. Their use in water purification is being examined in part. There they are supposed to absorb phosphates and nitrates. However, these pollutants are also fertilizers for the PAM, so that the biofilm would have to grow and have to be harvested. However, there are no valid usage scenarios for this, especially since a protective skin once it has been formed is not expanded. Plant stalks or leaves, which are comparable to the organism biofilm, do not grow in width either. Therefore, only the use of a stationary biofilm comes into consideration. Stationary biofilms no longer grow. They have their own metabolism and an excess metabolism. The excess metabolism, which can lead to the accumulation or secretion of metabolic products, is mainly used when there is additional energy in the form of light.
  • Bioreactors for biofilms are known in the prior art.
  • WO2014172691A4 discloses a culture system with a biofilm adhesive surface for, among other things, algae that have grown on a surrounding element that forms several accordion folds and is carried in a surrounding roadway.
  • the circumferential folding system has some disadvantages, since it consumes a lot of energy, among other things.
  • no stationary system is used.
  • the movement can damage the biofilm.
  • a bioreactor for PAM biofilms is also known from WO2014085869A1.
  • Liquid-permeable layers then form a first surface on which photosynthetic microorganisms can be cultivated in order to form a biofilm.
  • a second surface is in fluid communication with a source of fluid.
  • the liquid permeable layer is rotated. This consumes additional energy.
  • the system is designed for the ineffective growth of the biofilm. In the round system, the application and maintenance of the biofilm are much more difficult.
  • US10072239B1 discloses a system for growing at least one photosynthetic microorganism and for converting CO into O with reduced water consumption.
  • the system includes a liquid transport capillary channel, a photosynthetic mixed culture biofilm and a liquid transport substrate which is positioned between and adjoins the capillary channel and the biofilm, the liquid transport rate being adjustable by adjusting the local air humidity.
  • This system is based on the supply principle that trees use to supply their leaves with water. Only the salts that arise there are consumed by the leaves. In the system proposed here, it is not clear how the salts that remain during evaporation are used and how long the system will run as a result or, for example, loss of functionality.
  • the liquid tank is always attached at the bottom, so that it has energetic disadvantages because the water is transported against the force of gravity.
  • the whole system depends heavily on the available humidity. If this is excessive it will not work.
  • the system is also geared towards the growth and not the stationary existence of the biofilms.
  • Podola et al. and Liu et al. propose a system in which an algal biofilm grows on a microporous membrane.
  • a culture medium is located behind it.
  • Several modules are supplied by one pump.
  • biofilm-PBR porous substrate bioreactors
  • biofilms grow on a fluid-distributing structure that is provided as a fastening for an internal supply channel on a hanging module. There is no immediately adjacent liquid tank.
  • the present invention is intended to provide a bioreactor for keeping a stationary biofilm of photosynthetically active microorganisms alive for a longer period of time with a low-maintenance and low-energy operation.
  • a bioreactor for a stationary biofilm from photosynthetically active microorganisms consisting of a rectangular, flat, elongated housing, one wall of the elongated wide side, the front wall, being at least partially made of transparent material and air openings in the side walls are.
  • the biofilm grew on a porous material, the growth mat.
  • a layer of material that is easy to distribute liquid, the distribution mat, is located underneath.
  • the mats with the biofilm lie on the inside of the rear wall or are attached there.
  • a tank with medium for supplying the biofilm is provided on the outside of the rear wall or as a protuberance of the housing, the tank being in communication with the interior of the housing via openings and having an opening for refilling.
  • the advantage of the present solution is that a stationary biofilm can be obtained with little maintenance and energy. Rearing can take place in a different location.
  • the biofilms are simply inserted into the housing. Since a stationary biofilm is used, no skimming precautions are necessary. With this method and this structure, biofilms could already be successfully kept alive in the laboratory for 2 years without any loss of CO 2 uptake or other changes.
  • the protective skin once formed in the form of the EPS is comparable to a cuticle.
  • Another advantage is the design and robustness. Due to the simple structure, the biofilm can be changed quickly and with little time-consuming if necessary. In addition, there is no need for complex sterilization. This easy handling means that it can also be used outside the laboratory: at home, in the office or as a stand-alone system outdoors.
  • Another benefit is that little maintenance is required. Since the biofilm no longer grows, the water requirement is low. On average, a 100 ml tank with a biofilm area of 30 x 40 cm and average humidity only needs to be refilled once or twice a month.
  • the PAM only use as much as they actually need. Low-energy operation is possible thanks to the optimal distribution of the liquid in the growth mat and the distribution mat. Any metabolic end products or daughter cells that may occur can accumulate in the housing. In the absence of stressful conditions, the release of the latter was very rarely observed.
  • the PAM also secrete substances that prevent the growth of undesirable organisms such as fungi and the like. Due to the structure of the bioreactor and the ease of use, a permanent and sustainable coexistence of microorganisms with a high potential for use with humans is now possible.
  • the housing is flat, i.e. there is a large front wall and a large back wall.
  • the width of the side walls, the top and bottom walls is small compared to these areas. Air vents are located in the latter walls.
  • the flat design enables passive air flow through the housing (chimney effect). Due to the light irradiation, the PAM produce warm air that rises upwards. Cold air flows in. This process also creates humidity that can be released outside.
  • dry, synthetic air which is generated by large, energy-wasting filter systems, is a major problem.
  • most of these houses are not allowed to be ventilated in order to avoid excessive energy loss.
  • the elongated design is of great importance for user-friendliness for ergonomic and space-saving use outside the laboratory. Last but not least, the largest possible biofilm can be accommodated in an elongated container. There is also little shadowing.
  • This consists of glass or polymethyl methacrylate (acrylic glass, plexiglass).
  • the medium differs depending on the PAM used. It is not provided with any fertilizer, especially not with nitrates and phosphates.
  • the salt content is low, so that there is a sufficient concentration gradient between the dissolved substances and the air to be cleaned. It diffuses through the distribution mat and thus supplies the entire biofilm. In particular, the liquid will run down over time due to gravity.
  • the distribution mat is an absorbent mat, absorbent mat or absorbent fleece.
  • the main property is the uptake and even distribution of liquid from a point source of liquid. It is advantageous if the mat has a fibrous structure due to the presence of microfibres. Materials can be found in diapers and mats for handling incontinence.
  • the mat can consist of, for example, cellulose, polypropylene, copolymer fibers, bicofibers. It rests against the waxing mat. This can be, for example, a nonwoven, i.e.
  • This can include foils, papers or fiber-reinforced plastics.
  • a biofilm has grown on the growth mat.
  • the PAM are first grown in liquid culture and applied to the growth mat so that they can grow in there and form the exopolysaccharide layer. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous biofilms with different PAM or other species can be used.
  • PAM algae and cyanobacteria are phidophyceae as Axodine, Bacillariophyceae, Bryopsidophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanobacteria, Dinophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Labyrinthulea, Mesostigmatophyceae, Pelagophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Phaeothamniophyccac, Pleurastrophyceae, Prasinophyceaer, Synurophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Gloeothecae, Plectonemae, Anabaena sp.
  • cyanobacteria are able to work effectively due to additional photopigments, even in poor light, as occurs in shady rooms.
  • the PAM absorb light and partially convert it into heat.
  • the air rises up in the housing and is forced out through the air openings. New air flows in (chimney effect).
  • a thin film of liquid is present on the biofilm, at the interface of which gas can be exchanged with the air, similar to that in the lungs or the stomata of plants. Short diffusion paths enable rapid exchange with the cells.
  • the medium with few components also flows past the air in the countercurrent principle (countercurrent principle).
  • tank is on the back or as a protuberance of the housing depends on which construction is easier to implement. This is particularly important when using 3D printing processes or higher quantities.
  • air openings are provided in the smallest walls, i. present in the bottom wall and the top wall. They are therefore opposite one another in a vertical axis. This arrangement makes optimal use of the chimney effect and the countercurrent principle.
  • the shape of the air openings does not matter. The size is to be selected according to the desired air exchange rates. The larger they are, the more air can flow through them. This also depends on the environment, especially its humidity. In rooms, especially through radiators and radiators, where warm air flows upwards, there are mainly vertical currents, which are exploited by this structure.
  • a filter or a grid which has a minimum mesh size of 0.2 mm, is integrated or connected in the air openings.
  • a filter especially a grid in the openings with a minimum mesh size of 0.2 mm made of non-rusting materials such as stainless steel or plastic, effectively prevents insects from entering, but still allows air and dust through.
  • the air openings are in particular extended inwardly as channels or there is a web on the inside of the bottom wall, so that a collecting basin is formed in both cases.
  • Tubes or channels adapted to the hole format can be used as channels.
  • the bar is located between the pane and the rear wall and connects to the air openings. This keeps the catch basin larger.
  • the web can be an extension of an opening in the form of a wide gap.
  • the catch basin created by the additional fixtures or protuberances serves as leakage protection if the liquid runs through the tank too quickly. Without a catch basin it could happen that the medium drips out through the air openings.
  • the channels or the web are made of, for example, plastic and are preferably transparent so that more of the biofilm is visible to the outside.
  • the length of the extension or the bar should be selected so that there is no shading of the biofilm or no visibility from the outside if a frame is used.
  • the collecting basin is filled with water-absorbing material. The leakage is thereby at the Rotation prevented even better.
  • Water-absorbing material is, for example, water storage granulate. This can be a crosslinked copolymer based on potassium salt. It absorbs up to 300 times its own volume in water. However, sponges or the like are also possible.
  • a narrow cavity with, in particular, water-absorbing material on the rear wall with an opening to the collecting basin.
  • a small opening for the release of otherwise accumulating air can be provided.
  • This embodiment offers an additional collecting basin in which even more medium can be taken up from the biofilm for intermediate storage.
  • the water-absorbing material can be designed as before.
  • the mats can also continue beyond the biofilm into the cavity. They too have absorption capacity.
  • the cavity enables lower air opening channels or a lower web, which contributes to a better design.
  • the space below the tank, if it is attached further up, is unused. This creates a uniformly designed surface. Above all, the housing can then be attached straight for attachment to the wall. Since it is preferably located below the tank, optimal use of space is given. This does not make the housing too deep.
  • straps in particular cords made of water-transporting material, connect the tank to the interior of the housing via the openings, which in this embodiment have the same size as the straps, and lie there against the distribution mat.
  • they are immersed in the medium from above in the tank or there is a membrane in the openings which only allows the medium to pass through when there is suction and which is connected to the distribution mat.
  • the cords or threads can be made of wool, plastic or the like. consist of being wound or braided like wicks.
  • the fibers represent fine channels.
  • the water transport in these is caused by capillary forces (wick effect) and evaporation at the other end.
  • Driving force can also be generated by hydrostatic pressure if the opening is attached to the lower side of the tank.
  • a membrane can be used, preferably one that is hydrophobic and allows only a little medium to pass through. If the evaporation is high, then the evaporation suction resulting from it can overcome the hydrophobic membrane counter pressure.
  • the tank is flattened and there is a level window on the side facing away from the housing. Due to the flattening, the bioreactor takes up little space when it is attached to the wall. This has advantages in terms of attachment and design.
  • the fill level window enables the fill level to be read off at any time so that the user knows when to top up with new medium through the opening of the tank. Complete transparency of the tank would mean that PAM might also grow there, which is not desirable.
  • an irrigation unit in particular in the form of a drip pipe or hose with openings transversely less than 2 cm above the upper edge of the biofilm or under the distribution mat in the upper area, and a pump, with the medium from the collecting basin being pumped through the irrigation unit is pumped.
  • the medium reaches the biofilm through an irrigation unit operated by a pump.
  • the irrigation unit can be designed as a drip unit which is attached horizontally over the biofilm or the distribution mat or the growth mat that is not necessarily covered with vegetation at this point. So the mats should protrude so far into the housing or be offset backwards that they can be dripped from above.
  • spraying the biofilm is also conceivable.
  • a collecting edge is provided below the irrigation unit with a gap of less than 1 mm to the biofilm on the growth mat.
  • the collecting edge from e.g. Plastic enables better distribution or collection of the individual drops. Above all, it prevents lines from forming on the biofilm, which would mean an uneven supply.
  • the collecting edge enables the irrigation unit to be shaded and thus undesired growth of the PAM in the irrigation unit.
  • the transparent material of the front wall is designed as a glass or polymethyl methacrylate pane and there is a groove in each of the side walls and the bottom wall into which the pane is inserted.
  • the ceiling wall is removable and serves as a top closure. To open the housing, the top wall must then be removed and the pane pulled upwards. This enables easy opening. So that the medium does not flow out of the collecting basin when the housing is tilted, if there is no bridge, the disc must be sealed at the bottom. This can e.g. B. can be achieved by a foam rubber on which the disc rests and which is located on the sides. It is also conceivable that the mats are clamped in by the ceiling wall so that no clamping rail or similar device visible in the upper area is necessary.
  • the groove can be implemented, among other things, by attaching a U-profile to the side walls and the bottom wall.
  • the side walls and the bottom wall have a groove for inserting the rear wall with biofilm and mats on it or a plane separate from the rear wall with biofilm and mats thereon.
  • These embodiments allow the biofilm to be exchanged easily if a change is necessary. Exchanging the biofilm has to take place under the most sterile conditions possible. Careless movement can also lead to a crack. For the user without these skills, it is easier to just change the solid base of the biofilm. These embodiments thus increase the user friendliness.
  • a detachable ceiling wall can be used as a closure. However, a slot in the ceiling wall is also conceivable through which the level with biofilm is pushed.
  • the front side and the rear side have all or some of the curves.
  • the housing is designed to be cylindrical.
  • the rectangular shape is based on the distribution of the medium by gravity. However, since capillary forces can also distribute the medium sideways in the distribution mat, another shape is also possible.
  • a polygon, a rotated square or e.g. a rhombus are next to round shapes such as circles, ovals, etc. possible.
  • the mats are attached by needles, Velcro, a clamping rail, tendons and / or on a grid.
  • a fixation is necessary for vertical use.
  • the attachment should be as little visible as possible and at the same time robust. Needles with a small head are particularly suitable for this. They should be made of rustproof material (steel, treated iron, plastic) and should be as transparent as possible or in a dark green color.
  • Velcro allows easy removal.
  • the pores of the mats, in particular the waxing mat enable a good hold. If the Velcro does not adhere to it, you may not need a distribution mat.
  • the use of transparent tendons also has advantages. These can be used for fixing on a grid.
  • the biofilm with the mats can also be attached to a grid without tendons.
  • the grid can be attached to the rear wall.
  • a frame is present in front of the front wall or the front wall has a non-transparent surface and the frame or the non-transparent surface are equipped with a photovoltaic system or form one. This means that the area can be used to ensure self-sufficient operation. Power cables are also no longer necessary. Just as solar-powered pocket calculators can be operated with little light, direct operation of a consumer or charging of a battery is conceivable.
  • Air composition sensors and other sensors are present in or on the housing.
  • Air composition sensors can e.g. determine the humidity or the content of COx, NOx, SOx, ozone, volatile chemicals or ammonia.
  • Another sensor can e.g. be an environmental sensor such as a temperature sensor or a pH sensor.
  • the check can take place before and after: at the entrance and exit separately or connected via a common air pipe.
  • the power for the sensors can come from an external source, an integrated mini-PV system and / or battery. Among other things, it can be used for sensors and, if necessary, control of the space on the back below the tank. The measurements are taken at specific times in order to save electricity. In the meantime, the sensors are in sleep mode. This can be controlled by a controller.
  • there is data transmission in particular a radio connection for transmitting data from the sensors to a receiver.
  • the data can be sent to a server, a cloud or an app, etc.
  • the power for the system can come from an external source, an integrated mini-PV system and / or battery.
  • the housing is actively ventilated via the air openings.
  • a fan is provided in the air openings for this purpose. Active ventilation enables a higher air throughput. Small fans or fans, among other things, can be used for this. They can be inside or outside the case.
  • the power can come from an external power source or from a mini PV system and / or battery.
  • air is introduced into the tank for gassing the medium. This means that substances can be effectively dissolved from the air that is passed through in the medium, which in turn releases them to the biofilm.
  • a frame or a non-transparent section of the front wall from which lamps illuminate the interior of the housing and thus the biofilm, which are not visible from the outside.
  • lamps illuminate the interior of the housing and thus the biofilm, which are not visible from the outside.
  • LEDs or the like can be used as lamps. be used.
  • black light can be used to use the bioluminescence of PAMs, which absorb light in the invisible range but emit it again in the visible range.
  • the power can come from an external power source or from a mini PV system and / or battery.
  • lamps are wholly or partially present below the biofilm or the mats for rear illumination. This not only enables the PAM to be supplied with light energy and heat, it also enables visual highlighting. In particular, certain shapes such as logos etc. can be projected. Economical LEDs can be used as the light source. The power can come from an external power source or from a mini PV system and / or battery. When fully lit, the bioreactor can be used as a wipeable board with the dark colored pens. White pens should be used if there is only partial lighting or no lighting.
  • the bioreactor is mounted in the ceiling or floor area of a room, the front wall being reinforced in the floor area.
  • the biofilm is e.g. supplied via a hydrophobic membrane which only allows a little medium to pass through and over which the medium is located. It must be ensured that as little medium as possible drips onto the pane.
  • a pump can be used to convey medium to the ceiling via a pipe, with automatic supply being preferred when the fill level is low.
  • the use of rainwater that has collected on the roof is also conceivable.
  • the medium diffuses e.g. from below through the mats to the biofilm or it is applied from above by a spray process or the like. moisturizes.
  • the tank is refilled through an opening or connection pointing upwards.
  • a stable pane with reinforcements if necessary is to be used.
  • the advantage of these embodiments is the use of areas that are otherwise not or only rarely used.
  • a bioreactor illuminated from the back or the front can be used as a lamp.
  • JPFI11226351A actively polluted air is fed to algae.
  • the algae growing in a medium are then harvested, which is energy-intensive, for use as food.
  • EP3368650A1 provides a method and an apparatus for removing air pollutants from the air.
  • a microfluidic chip is used here, which contains a fluid flow path in fluid connection with a surface which comprises a phototrophic organism. Air is brought into contact with this surface and the air pollutant is removed.
  • This solution is also a liquid system, the use of which can be impaired by biofilm formation or the algae must be removed.
  • the mechanical solutions currently available are geared towards individual pollutants and consume energy.
  • the object of the present invention is to find a solution for efficient and, in particular, low-maintenance air cleaning. With the method presented here, a large number of pollutants can be absorbed with little energy and little maintenance. The object is achieved by claim 21.
  • contaminated air then flows into the housing through the air openings in the bioreactor described above and pollutants are absorbed by the stationary, phototrophic biofilm, which is supplied with medium from a tank via openings or an irrigation unit.
  • the now more purified air leaves the housing again through the air openings.
  • the uptake is favored by the moist, large surface on the biofilm, which offers short diffusion paths.
  • PAMs do not absorb their nutrients from the earth and therefore rely on the absorption of nutrients from the air. These are used intracellularly for the maintenance metabolism.
  • the inventors have already shown that not only CO is absorbed, but also NO in the form of nitrate, which forms in the medium and is needed by the PAM for the regeneration of the photosystems.
  • the biofilm produces organic valuable substances, which are separated from it and collected by rinsing. It is easy to change media in the bioreactor. It is known that different substances are secreted in different media or air conditions (Akihiro Kato et al.).
  • PAM have substances in their metabolism that only they can produce. They secrete small molecules like fatty acids, polysaccharides, small peptides and amino acids as well as exotoxins into their environment. Extracellular secretions from Chlorella algae diffuse e.g. through the cell walls and get into the culture medium (Pratt et al.). The algae exudate (chlorellin) had an inhibiting effect on bacteria and algae. Fatty acids are also secreted by Chlorella (Dellagreca et al.). The excretion of a number of amino acids is synchronized with the light cycle of algae photosynthesis (Chang et al.).
  • PAM secretions can also be used for biofuel production. As in WO2016207338A1, where secreted organic substances such as glycolic acid are used for biogas production.
  • the secretions can come from the uptake of air pollutants and the excess metabolism generated by high radiation.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a bioreactor from the front with a front wall.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a bioreactor from the front with the front wall and inserted
  • FIG 3 is a perspective view of a bioreactor from the rear without a front wall with a visible tank on the rear wall.
  • the chosen embodiment comprises:
  • a bioreactor consisting of a rectangular, flat, elongated housing (1), a flat wall (front wall (2)) being glued onto the side walls (4) as a polymethyl methacrylate disk.
  • the housing (1) has air openings in the smallest walls (bottom wall (12) and top wall (13)), visible in FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows: A static, phototrophic biofilm (5) made of filamentous blue algae has grown on nonwoven fabric (growth mat (6)). This layer lies on a distribution mat (8) as an absorbent fleece. The mats are clamped in the clamping rail (17) at the upper end and lie against the rear wall (7).
  • FIG. 3 shows: A flat tank (9) is glued to the outside of the rear wall (7) and communicates with the interior of the housing (1) via openings (10) and an opening for refilling (11) and a fill level window (18) has.
  • cords (16) in the form of wool threads which are connected to one another on the inside of the housing (1), lie against the distribution mat (8) there and transfer medium in the tank to the mats and the biofilm due to evaporation suction ( 5) transport.
  • the fill level can be read through the fill level window (18). As soon as the medium is used up, medium can be refilled through the opening for refilling (11) if necessary.
  • the medium contains the minerals and trace elements necessary for the blue-green algae.
  • the biofilm heats the air, which then flows upwards.
  • the medium with little salts runs in countercurrent. Air pollutants are absorbed. Clean air leaves the air openings (3) in the top wall (13).
  • Hallegraeff et al . A review of harmful algal blooms and their apparent global increase, 1993 Phycologia 32, pp. 79-99.
  • Pratt et al . Some properties of the growth inhibitor formed by Chlorella vulgaris, 1942 Amer. J. Bot. 29, pp. 142-148.

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Abstract

Dispositif pour le maintien en vie d'un biofilm stationnaire composé de micro-organismes phototrophes et procédé pour la purification de l'air et la production de tissus. Le maintien en vie a lieu pour une période de temps plus longue avec peu d'entretien et peu d'énergie . Le bioréacteur contient un boîtier plat comportant une paroi avant transparente et des orifices pour l'air. Le biofilm se trouve sur un tapis de croissance et de distribution qui reposent ensemble sur la paroi arrière. Un réservoir approvisionne le biofilm avec un milieu. Le biofilm ne croît pas dans le boîtier mais y est seulement inséré. Des mesures de prélèvement ne sont pas nécessaires. Du fait de la construction simple, le biofilm peut être remplacé rapidement. Le besoin en eau est faible. Avec le procédé présenté ici, un plus grand nombre de substances polluantes peut être repris avec peu d'énergie et peu d'entretien. Une production efficace de matières utiles organiques est également possible par un remplacement de milieux et d'air ainsi qu'un rinçage simples.
PCT/IB2019/050916 2019-02-05 2019-02-05 Bioréacteur pour des biofilms stationnaires composés de micro-organismes photosynthétiquement actifs Ceased WO2020161519A1 (fr)

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PCT/IB2019/050916 WO2020161519A1 (fr) 2019-02-05 2019-02-05 Bioréacteur pour des biofilms stationnaires composés de micro-organismes photosynthétiquement actifs
ATA50639/2021A AT523817A2 (de) 2019-02-05 2021-08-04 Bioreaktor für stationäre Biofilme aus photosynthetisch aktiven Mikroorganismen
DKPA202100791A DK202100791A1 (en) 2019-02-05 2021-08-05 Bioreactor for stationary biofilms of photosynthetically active microorganisms

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