WO2020039692A1 - 冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020039692A1 WO2020039692A1 PCT/JP2019/022392 JP2019022392W WO2020039692A1 WO 2020039692 A1 WO2020039692 A1 WO 2020039692A1 JP 2019022392 W JP2019022392 W JP 2019022392W WO 2020039692 A1 WO2020039692 A1 WO 2020039692A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- refrigeration cycle
- terminal
- motor
- compressor
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C18/48—Rotary-piston pumps with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members
- F04C18/50—Rotary-piston pumps with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members the axes being arranged at an angle of 90 degrees
- F04C18/52—Rotary-piston pumps with non-parallel axes of movement of co-operating members the axes being arranged at an angle of 90 degrees of intermeshing engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
- F25B31/026—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units with compressor of rotary type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/002—Lubrication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/44—Protection against moisture or chemical attack; Windings specially adapted for operation in liquid or gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2210/00—Fluid
- F04C2210/26—Refrigerants with particular properties, e.g. HFC-134a
- F04C2210/263—HFO1234YF
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/40—Electric motor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/80—Other components
- F04C2240/803—Electric connectors or cables; Fittings therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
- F05C2225/04—PTFE [PolyTetraFluorEthylene]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
- F05C2225/12—Polyetheretherketones, e.g. PEEK
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
- F05C2253/20—Resin
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
- F25B2400/121—Inflammable refrigerants using R1234
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
Definitions
- Refrigeration cycle device used for cooling or heating.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 4932793 uses HFO-1234yf as a refrigerant.
- Parts used in refrigeration cycle equipment may contain resin materials. Some types of resin materials generate an acid by a chemical reaction with a refrigerant. The acid thus generated can cause corrosion or deterioration of the component.
- the refrigeration cycle device includes a refrigerant and a refrigeration cycle circuit.
- the refrigeration cycle circuit has a compressor and circulates a refrigerant.
- the refrigerant is a single HFO-based refrigerant or a mixed refrigerant. In the mixed refrigerant, the mixing ratio of the HFO-based refrigerant is 10% by weight or more.
- the compressor has a motor.
- the motor has a resin part.
- the resin component is made of polyimide having a terminal sealed by a terminal group.
- the motor has a resin component made of PI (polyimide) having a terminal sealed by a terminal group. Therefore, the amount of acid generated by the reaction between the resin component and the HFO-based refrigerant is smaller than when such a resin component is made of PI having an unsealed end group. For this reason, in the components constituting the refrigeration cycle system, corrosion due to acid can be suppressed.
- PI polyimide
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein a ratio of the resin component to the refrigerant is 0.2% by weight or more.
- the ratio of the resin component to the refrigerant is 0.2% by weight or more. Therefore, since a large amount of resin parts does not easily react with the HFO-based refrigerant, generation of acid can be suppressed.
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the first aspect or the second aspect, further comprising a refrigerating machine oil stored in a compressor, and an acid scavenger added to the refrigerating machine oil.
- the ratio of the acid scavenger to the refrigerant is 1.6% by weight or less.
- the ratio of the acid scavenger to the refrigerant is 1.6% by weight or less. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the lubricity of the refrigerating machine oil from being reduced by the acid scavenger.
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of the first aspect to the third aspect, wherein the motor has an electric wire covered with an insulating coating and insulating paper.
- the resin component includes an insulating coating or insulating paper.
- the insulating coating or the insulating paper contains PI. Therefore, a decrease in the heat resistance of the motor can be suppressed.
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus is the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to any one of the first aspect to the fourth aspect, wherein the resin component is at least one selected from an insulating sleeve of a motor and a binding thread. Including one.
- the component used for the motor is made of PI having an end sealed by an end group. Therefore, generation of acid in the motor is suppressed, and corrosion of the motor can be suppressed.
- a refrigeration cycle device is the refrigeration cycle device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, further comprising a sliding portion made of polyimide having a terminal sealed by a terminal group.
- the sliding portion is made of PI having a terminal sealed by a terminal group. Therefore, generation of acid in the sliding portion is suppressed, and corrosion of the sliding portion can be suppressed.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the compressor 10.
- FIG. 2 is another sectional view of the compressor 10.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the motor 30. It is a perspective view of the screw rotor 52 and the gate rotor 53. It is a test result about the easiness of acid generation of the combination of resin and refrigerant. It is a test result about the easiness of acid generation of the combination of resin and refrigerant.
- FIG. 1 shows a refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 according to one embodiment.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 includes a refrigeration cycle circuit and a refrigerant circulating through the refrigeration cycle circuit.
- the refrigerant is an HFO-based refrigerant alone or a mixed refrigerant.
- the mixing ratio of the HFO-based refrigerant is 10% by weight or more, preferably 14% by weight or more.
- the HFO-based refrigerant include R1123, R1234yf, and R1234ze.
- refrigerants 1 to 75 shown in the following table can be used.
- the refrigeration cycle circuit has a compressor 10, a four-way switching valve 3, a heat source heat exchanger 4, an expansion valve 5, and a utilization heat exchanger 6.
- the configuration of the compressor 10 will be described later.
- the utilization heat exchanger 6 provides the user with cold heat.
- the utilization heat exchanger 6 provides heat to the user.
- the expansion valve 5 has a sliding portion.
- the sliding portion of the expansion valve 5 is covered with a coating material.
- the coating material may consist of PI (polyimide) having a terminal sealed by a terminal group. Details of the PI having a terminal blocked by a terminal group will be described later.
- the compressor 10 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is a screw compressor.
- the compressor 10 has a casing 20, a motor 30, a shaft 40, and a compression mechanism 50.
- the casing 20 is a cylindrical container extending horizontally in the figure.
- the space inside the casing 20 is partitioned into a low-pressure space S1 and a high-pressure space S2.
- Refrigeration oil L is stored below the high-pressure space S2.
- the refrigerating machine oil L is supplied to sliding parts of the compressor 10 via an oil supply path (not shown).
- a suction port 25 is provided on the low pressure space S1 side of the casing 20.
- a discharge port 26 is formed on the high pressure space S2 side of the casing 20. The low-pressure gas refrigerant is taken into the compressor 10 from the suction port 25. From the discharge port 26, a high-pressure gas refrigerant is discharged.
- the motor 30 is disposed in the low-pressure space S1. As shown in FIG. 2, the motor 30 has a stator 31 and a rotor 32. Stator 31 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of casing 20. The rotor 32 is arranged in the cavity of the stator 31 and is fixed to the shaft 40.
- the stator 31 includes a stator core 31a, an insulator 31b, a coil winding 31c, insulating paper 31d, an insulated wire 31e, an insulating sleeve 31f, a binding thread 31g, and a cluster block 31h.
- the stator core 31a is made of a laminated steel plate.
- the insulator 31b is made of resin and is provided on an end face of the stator core 31a.
- the coil winding 31c is made of a conductive material, and is wound around the stator core 31a and the insulator 31b.
- the insulating paper 31d is made of resin, and is attached to a slot or the like between the adjacent coil windings 31c.
- the insulated wire 31e is made of a wire and an insulating coating covering the wire.
- the insulating sleeve 31f is made of resin, and insulates a connection portion of the insulated wire 31e from the surroundings.
- the binding thread 31g is made of resin and fixes the insulated wire 31e to the insulator 31b.
- the cluster block 31h is a housing for a connector made of resin, and detachably connects a plurality of insulated wires 31e.
- the insulator 31b, the insulating paper 31d, the covering of the insulated wire 31e, the insulating sleeve 31f, the binding thread 31g, and the cluster block 31h are resin parts.
- the coating of the insulated wire 31e and the insulating paper 31d are made of PI (polyimide) having an end sealed by an end group. Details of the PI having a terminal blocked by a terminal group will be described later.
- the insulating sleeve 31f and the binding thread 31g may be made of PI having an end sealed by an end group.
- the insulator 31b and the cluster block 31h are made of a resin material other than PI.
- resin materials other than PI include PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PA (polyamide), LCP (liquid crystal polymer), PBT (polyethylene terephthalate), phenol resin, melamine resin, PEEK (polyetheretherketone), and PTFE (PTFE).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PA polyamide
- LCP liquid crystal polymer
- PBT polyethylene terephthalate
- phenol resin melamine resin
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- PTFE PTFE
- PAI polyamideimide
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- the ratio of PI having a terminal blocked by a terminal group to the refrigerant is 1.5% by weight or more.
- the shaft 40 transmits the power generated by the motor 30 to the compression mechanism 50.
- the shaft 40 is fixed to the rotor 32 and rotates together with the rotor 32.
- the shaft 40 is rotatably supported by a bearing 41.
- the resin material included in the plain bearing may be made of PI having an end sealed by an end group.
- the compression mechanism 50 compresses the low-pressure gas refrigerant to generate a high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the compression mechanism 50 has a cylinder 51, a screw rotor 52, a gate rotor 53, and a gate rotor support 54.
- Cylinder 51 The cylinder 51 is formed as a part of the casing 20.
- the cylinder 51 houses a screw rotor 52.
- the cylinder 51 has a gap through which a gate 53a described later penetrates.
- Screw rotor 52 is a metal member having a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the screw rotor 52 is connected to the shaft 40.
- the screw rotor 52 is rotatable with the shaft 40.
- the outer diameter of the screw rotor 52 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder 51.
- FIG. 5 shows the screw rotor 52 and the gate rotor 53.
- the cylinder 51 is omitted.
- a plurality of spiral grooves 52a spirally extending in the direction in which the rotation axis of the screw rotor 52 extends are provided.
- Gate rotor 53 is a rotating body having a plurality of radially extending gates 53a.
- the gate 53a penetrates the gap of the cylinder 51 and meshes with the spiral groove 52a of the screw rotor 52.
- the screw rotor 52 rotates by the rotational force received from the shaft 40, and as a result, the spiral groove 52a moves.
- the gate 53a moves in response to the movement of the spiral groove 52a, whereby the gate rotor 53 rotates.
- Gate rotor support 54 The gate rotor support part 54 supports the gate rotor 53 rotatably.
- the two gate rotor supports 54 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the rotation axis of the screw rotor 52.
- the screw rotor 52 slides with the cylinder 51 and the gate rotor 53 with each other. These sliding parts may be covered with a coating material.
- the coating material may consist of PI having ends sealed by end groups.
- the refrigerating machine oil L is a lubricating oil that is used to prevent abrasion and seizure in sliding portions of the compressor 10.
- the refrigerating machine oil L mainly includes a base oil, an acid scavenger, an extreme pressure agent, and an antioxidant.
- Base oil Mineral oil or synthetic oil is used as the base oil.
- the base oil one having good compatibility with the refrigerant used in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 is appropriately selected.
- the mineral oil is, for example, a naphthenic mineral oil or a paraffinic mineral oil.
- the synthetic oil is, for example, an ester compound, an ether compound, a poly- ⁇ -olefin, or an alkylbenzene. Specific examples of the synthetic oil include polyvinyl ether, polyol ester, polyalkylene glycol, and the like. In the present embodiment, it is preferable to use a synthetic oil such as polyvinyl ether and polyol ester as the base oil.
- As the base oil a mixture of two or more of the above mineral oils or synthetic oils may be used.
- the acid scavenger is an additive used to suppress the deterioration of the refrigerating machine oil L due to the acid by reacting with the acid generated by the decomposition of the refrigerant.
- the acid scavenger is, for example, an epoxy compound, a carbodiimide compound, a tempen-based compound.
- Specific examples of the acid scavenger include 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, epoxidized cyclohexyl carbinol, di (alkylphenyl) carbodiimide, ⁇ -pinene, and the like.
- An extreme pressure agent is an additive used to prevent abrasion and seizure in a sliding portion.
- the refrigerating machine oil L prevents the sliding members from contacting each other by forming an oil film between the surfaces of the sliding members in the sliding portion.
- a low-viscosity refrigerating machine oil L such as polyvinyl ether
- the extreme pressure agent suppresses the occurrence of abrasion and image sticking by reacting with the surfaces of the members sliding on each other in the sliding portion to form a film.
- the extreme pressure agent is, for example, a phosphoric ester, a phosphite, a thiophosphate, a sulfurized ester, a sulfide, a thiobisphenol, or the like.
- Specific examples of extreme pressure agents include tricresyl phosphate (TCP), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), triphenyl phosphorothioate (TPPT), amines, C11-14 side chain alkyls, monohexyl and dihexyl phosphate.
- TCP forms a phosphate coating by adsorbing and decomposing on the surface of the sliding member.
- antioxidant is an additive used to prevent the oxidation of the refrigerator oil L.
- antioxidants include zinc dithiophosphate, organic sulfur compounds, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,2 Phenolic compounds such as' -methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); amine-based antioxidants such as phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine and N, N'-di-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine;'-Disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane and the like.
- the acid scavenger is contained, for example, in the refrigerator oil L in an amount of 1.0% by weight or more. Thereby, deterioration of the refrigerating machine oil L and corrosion of the expansion valve 5 due to the acid are suppressed. Further, corrosion of other components of the refrigeration cycle device 1 is also suppressed. Therefore, by using the refrigerating machine oil L in the present embodiment, the reliability of the refrigerating cycle device 1 is improved.
- the ratio of the acid scavenger to the refrigerant is 1.6% by weight or less. This suppresses a decrease in lubrication performance of the refrigerating machine oil L.
- terminal group As used herein excludes the terminal H group. For PIs whose terminal groups are blocked, not all terminals need be necessarily blocked by terminal groups. For example, if 50% of the terminals are sealed, the effect may be exhibited. Below, the structural example of a terminal group is shown.
- the terminal group is [Formula 2] CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 , ... CH 3 (CH 2 ) 9 , It is represented by
- R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are each independently represented by the structure of H, Br, Cl, F, alkyl, alkoxy, or fluoroalkyl.
- n is an integer of 1 or more and 4 or less.
- X 1 represents a non-reactive electron withdrawing group. Any of the plurality of X 1 is a terminal of the polyimide. Of those remaining of the plurality of X 1, it may be the same group or may be different groups.
- the terminal blocking method of the PI is not limited, and any conventionally known method may be used.
- a preferred method is to use a terminal blocking agent.
- the terminal blocking agent any conventionally known one may be used.
- a terminal blocking agent for blocking a terminal amino group a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, phthalic anhydride, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, 4-methylcyclohexane-1,2- Acid anhydrides such as dicarboxylic anhydride or (2-methyl-2-propenyl) succinic anhydride; and organic acid chlorides such as benzoic acid chloride.
- terminal capping agent for capping the terminal acid anhydride group examples include amine compounds such as 3-aminophenylacetylene, aniline, and cyclohexylamine. Materials may be used.
- Test (6-1) PI having unsealed end
- the test method for obtaining the knowledge is as follows.
- HFO refrigerants R1234ze, R1234yf
- HFC refrigerants R134a
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PA polyamide
- PI polyimide
- Fig. 6 shows the test results. It is understood that the acid value when the HFO refrigerant (R1234ze, R1234yf) and PI (polyimide) are put together in a container is significantly higher than in other cases.
- (6-2) PI having a terminal blocked by a terminal group The inventor has found that a PI having a terminal capped by a terminal group hardly causes a reaction with an HFO-based refrigerant, and therefore hardly generates an acid.
- the test method for obtaining the knowledge is the same as that described above in (6-1).
- HFO refrigerant (R1234ze, R1234yf) was used as the refrigerant.
- resin material a PI whose terminal was not sealed and a PI whose terminal was sealed were used.
- Fig. 7 shows the test results. It is understood that a PI having a terminal blocked by a terminal group is less likely to generate an acid as compared to a PI having a non-blocked terminal.
- the motor 30 has a resin part made of PI having an end sealed by an end group (that is, at least a part of the insulating paper 31d, the insulating coating of the electric wire 31e, the insulating sleeve 31f, the binding thread 31g, and the cluster block 31h). . Therefore, the amount of acid generated by the reaction between the resin component and the HFO-based refrigerant is smaller than when such a resin component is made of PI having an unsealed end. For this reason, in the components constituting the refrigeration cycle system, corrosion due to acid can be suppressed.
- the ratio of the resin component made of PI having a terminal sealed by a terminal group to the refrigerant is 0.2% by weight or more. Therefore, since a large amount of resin parts does not easily react with the HFO-based refrigerant, generation of acid can be suppressed.
- the ratio of the acid scavenger to the refrigerant is 1.6% by weight or less. Therefore, the lubricity of the refrigerating machine oil can be suppressed from being reduced by the acid scavenger.
- the electric wire 31e insulating coating or insulating paper 31d contains PI. Therefore, a decrease in the heat resistance of the motor can be suppressed.
- the components used for the motor 30 may be made of PI having a terminal end sealed by a terminal group. In this case, generation of acid in the motor 30 is suppressed, and corrosion of the motor 30 can be suppressed.
- the sliding part such as the coating material of the expansion valve 5, the coating material of the motor 30, or the sliding bearing of the shaft 40 may be made of PI having a terminal end sealed by a terminal group. In this case, generation of acid in the sliding portion is suppressed, and corrosion of the sliding portion can be suppressed.
- the compressor 10 is a screw compressor.
- the compressor may be another type of compressor, such as a scroll compressor or a rotary compressor.
- refrigeration cycle device 5 expansion valve 10: compressor 30: motor 31: stator 31a: stator core 31b: insulator 31c: coil winding 31d: insulating paper 31e: insulated wire 31f: insulating sleeve 31g: binding thread 31h: cluster block 32: rotor 40: shaft 50: compression mechanism L: refrigerating machine oil
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
- Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、一実施形態に係る冷凍サイクル装置1を示す。冷凍サイクル装置1は、冷凍サイクル回路と、当該冷凍サイクル回路を循環する冷媒とを含む。
冷媒は、HFO系冷媒単体であるか、又は混合冷媒である。混合冷媒の場合は、HFO系冷媒の混合率が10重量%以上、好ましくは14重量%以上である。HFO系冷媒の例としては、R1123、R1234yf、R1234zeなどが挙げられる。冷媒としては、例えば下表に示す冷媒1~冷媒75を用いることができる。
冷凍サイクル回路は、圧縮機10、四路切替弁3、熱源熱交換器4、膨張弁5、利用熱交換器6を有する。圧縮機10の構成は後述する。
図2及び図3に示す圧縮機10は、スクリュー型圧縮機である。圧縮機10は、ケーシング20、モータ30、シャフト40、圧縮機構50を有する。
ケーシング20は、図中において水平方向に延びる円筒状の容器である。ケーシング20の内部の空間は、低圧空間S1と高圧空間S2に区画される。高圧空間S2の下方には、冷凍機油Lが貯留される。冷凍機油Lは、図示しない給油経路を介して、圧縮機10の各所の摺動部へと供給される。
モータ30は低圧空間S1に配置される。図2に示すように、モータ30は、ステータ31、ロータ32を有する。ステータ31は、ケーシング20の内周面に固定される。ロータ32は、ステータ31の空洞の中に配置され、シャフト40に固定される。
図2及び図3に戻り、シャフト40は、モータ30が生み出した動力を圧縮機構50に伝達する。シャフト40は、ロータ32と固定されており、ロータ32と共に回転する。シャフト40は、軸受41によって回転可能に支持されている。軸受41にすべり軸受が使われる場合には、すべり軸受に含まれる樹脂材料は、末端基によって封止された末端を有するPIからなってもよい。
圧縮機構50は、低圧ガス冷媒を圧縮して高圧ガス冷媒を生み出す。圧縮機構50は、シリンダ51、スクリューロータ52、ゲートロータ53、ゲートロータ支持部54を有する。
シリンダ51は、ケーシング20の一部として形成される。シリンダ51は、スクリューロータ52を収容する。シリンダ51は、後述するゲート53aが貫通するための空隙を有する。
スクリューロータ52は、概ね円柱形状を有する金属製の部材である。スクリューロータ52はシャフト40と連結されている。スクリューロータ52はシャフト40と共に回転可能である。スクリューロータ52の外径は、シリンダ51の内径よりもわずかに小さい。
ゲートロータ53は、放射状に延びる複数のゲート53aを有する回転体である。ゲート53aは、シリンダ51の空隙を貫通して、スクリューロータ52の螺旋溝52aと噛み合う。シャフト40から受け取った回転力により、スクリューロータ52は回転し、その結果、螺旋溝52aが動く。螺旋溝52aの動きに応じてゲート53aが動き、それによってゲートロータ53が回転する。
ゲートロータ支持部54は、ゲートロータ53を回転可能に支持する。2つのゲートロータ支持部54は、スクリューロータ52の回転軸心に対して対象となるように配置される。
スクリューロータ52は、シリンダ51及びゲートロータ53と互いに摺動する。これらの摺動部は、コーティング材で覆われていてもよい。例えばコーティング材は、末端基によって封止された末端を有するPIからなってもよい。
図2に示す吸入口25から吸入された低圧ガス冷媒は、低圧空間S1へ入る。圧縮機構50において、シリンダ51、螺旋溝52a、ゲート53aによって囲まれた空間が圧縮室として機能する。スクリューロータ52の回転と共に、低圧空間S1の側の圧縮室は、その容積を徐々に減少させながら、高圧空間S2の側へと移動する。これにより、低圧ガス冷媒は圧縮されて高圧ガス冷媒となり、高圧空間S2へ吐出される。最後に、高圧ガス冷媒は、吐出口26から圧縮機10の外部へ吐出される。
冷凍機油Lは、圧縮機10の摺動部における摩耗及び焼き付きの防止のために用いられる潤滑油である。冷凍機油Lは、主として、基油、酸捕捉剤、極圧剤及び酸化防止剤からなる。
基油は、鉱油又は合成油が用いられる。基油は、冷凍サイクル装置1に使用される冷媒との相溶性が良いものが、適宜に選択される。鉱油は、例えば、ナフテン系鉱油、パラフィン系鉱油である。合成油は、例えば、エステル化合物、エーテル化合物、ポリα‐オレフィン、アルキルベンゼンである。合成油の具体例としては、ポリビニルエーテル、ポリオールエステル、ポリアルキレングリコール等が挙げられる。本実施形態では、基油として、ポリビニルエーテル、ポリオールエステル等の合成油を用いることが好ましい。なお、基油として、上記の鉱油又は合成油を2種以上組み合わせた混合物が用いられてもよい。
酸捕捉剤は、冷媒の分解によって発生した酸と反応することにより、酸による冷凍機油Lの劣化を抑制するために用いられる添加剤である。酸捕捉剤は、例えば、エポキシ化合物、カルボジイミド化合物、テンペン系化合物である。酸捕捉剤の具体例としては、2-エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル、フェニルグリシジルエーテル、エポキシ化シクロヘキシルカルビノール、ジ(アルキルフェニル)カルボジイミド、β-ピネン等が挙げられる。
極圧剤は、摺動部における摩耗及び焼き付きを防止するために用いられる添加剤である。冷凍機油Lは、摺動部において互いに摺動する部材表面の間に油膜を形成することで、摺動部材同士の接触を防止する。しかし、ポリビニルエーテルのような低粘度の冷凍機油Lを使用する場合、及び、摺動部材にかかる圧力が高い場合には、摺動部材同士が接触しやすくなる。極圧剤は、摺動部において互いに摺動する部材表面と反応して被膜を形成することで、摩耗及び焼き付きの発生を抑制する。極圧剤は、例えば、リン酸エステル、亜リン酸エステル、チオリン酸塩、硫化エステル、スルフィド、チオビスフェノール等である。極圧剤の具体例としては、トリクレジルホスフェート(TCP)、トリフェニルフォスフェート(TPP)、トリフェニルホスホロチオエート(TPPT)、アミン、C11-14側鎖アルキル、モノヘキシル及びジヘキシルフォスフェートが挙げられる。TCPは、摺動部材の表面に吸着し、分解することで、リン酸塩の被膜を形成する。
酸化防止剤は、冷凍機油Lの酸化を防止するために用いられる添加剤である。酸化防止剤の具体例としては、ジチオリン酸亜鉛、有機硫黄化合物、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-エチルフェノール、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-tert-ブチルフェノール)等のフェノール系、フェニル-α-ナフチルアミン、N,N’-ジ-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン等のアミン系の酸化防止剤、N,N’‐ジサリシリデン‐1,2‐ジアミノプロパン等が挙げられる。
酸捕捉剤は、例えば冷凍機油Lに1.0重量%以上含まれる。これにより、酸に起因する冷凍機油Lの劣化及び膨張弁5の腐食が抑制される。また、冷凍サイクル装置1の他の部品の腐食も抑制される。したがって、本実施形態における冷凍機油Lを使用することにより、冷凍サイクル装置1の信頼性が向上する。
PI(ポリイミド)の分子式は、
第1構造例においては、C1~C10までのアルキル基をPIの封止に用いる。
[化2]
CH3、
CH3CH2、
・・・・
CH3(CH2)9、
で表される。
第2構造例においては、無水フタル酸、又は無水フタル酸の誘導体をPIの封止に用いる。すなわち、末端基は、
第3構造例においては、末端基は、
PIの末端封止方法は、限定されるものではなく、従来公知のいずれの方法を用いても良い。
PIの末端封止にこれらの末端封止材を利用してもよい。
(6-1)封止されない末端を有するPI
発明者は、封止されない末端を有するPIがHFO系冷媒との反応により酸を発生しやすいという知見を得た。その知見を得るための試験方法は下記の通りである。
発明者は、末端基によって封止された末端を有するPIがHFO系冷媒との反応を起こしにくく、それゆえに酸を発生しにくいという知見を得た。その知見を得るための試験方法は、(6-1)で上述したものと同じである。
(7-1)
モータ30は、末端基によって封止された末端を有するPIからなる樹脂部品(すなわち、絶縁紙31d、電線31eの絶縁被覆、絶縁スリーブ31f、縛り糸31g、クラスターブロック31hの少なくとも一部)を有する。したがって、そのような樹脂部品が、封止されない末端を有するPIからなる場合と比較して、樹脂部品とHFO系冷媒との反応によって発生する酸の量が少ない。このため、冷凍サイクルシステムを構成する部品において、酸による腐食を抑制できる。
末端基によって封止された末端を有するPIからなる樹脂部品の、冷媒に対する比率が0.2重量%以上である。したがって、量の多い樹脂部品がHFO系冷媒と反応しにくいので、酸の発生を抑制できる。
酸捕捉剤の冷媒に対する比率が1.6重量%以下である。したがって、冷凍機油の潤滑性が酸捕捉剤によって低下することを抑制できる。
電線31e絶縁被覆又は絶縁紙31dはPIを含む。したがって、モータの耐熱性の低下を抑制できる。
モータ30に使用される部品(すなわち、絶縁スリーブ31f、及び縛り糸31g)が、末端基によって封止された末端を有するPIからなってもよい。この場合、モータ30における酸の発生が抑制され、モータ30の腐食を抑制できる。
膨張弁5のコーティング材、モータ30のコーティング材、又はシャフト40のすべり軸受などの摺動部は、末端基によって封止された末端を有するPIからなってもよい。この場合、摺動部における酸の発生が抑制され、摺動部の腐食を抑制できる。
上記実施形態では、圧縮機10はスクリュー型圧縮機である。これに代えて、圧縮機はスクロール型圧縮機又はロータリ型圧縮機など、他の種類の圧縮機であってもよい。
以上、本開示の実施形態を説明したが、請求の範囲に記載された本開示の趣旨及び範囲から逸脱することなく、形態や詳細の多様な変更が可能なことが理解されるであろう。
5 :膨張弁
10 :圧縮機
30 :モータ
31 :ステータ
31a :ステータコア
31b :インシュレータ
31c :コイル巻線
31d :絶縁紙
31e :絶縁電線
31f :絶縁スリーブ
31g :縛り糸
31h :クラスターブロック
32 :ロータ
40 :シャフト
50 :圧縮機構
L :冷凍機油
Claims (6)
- 冷媒と、
圧縮機(10)を有し、前記冷媒を循環させる冷凍サイクル回路と、
を備え、
前記冷媒は、HFO系冷媒単体であるか、又は、HFO系冷媒の混合率が10重量%以上である混合冷媒であり、
前記圧縮機はモータ(30)を有し、前記モータは樹脂部品(31d;31e;31f;31g;31h)を有し、
前記樹脂部品は、末端基によって封止された末端を有するポリイミドからなる、
冷凍サイクル装置(1)。 - 前記樹脂部品の、前記冷媒に対する比率が、0.2重量%以上である、
請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記圧縮機に貯留された冷凍機油(L)と、
前記冷凍機油に添加された酸捕捉剤と、
をさらに備え、
前記酸捕捉剤の前記冷媒に対する比率が、1.6重量%以下である、
請求項1又は2に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記モータは、絶縁被覆で覆われた電線(31e)、及び絶縁紙(31d)を有し、
前記樹脂部品は、前記絶縁被覆又は前記絶縁紙を含む、
請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記樹脂部品は、前記モータの絶縁スリーブ(31f)、及び縛り糸(31g)の中から選択される少なくとも1つを含む、
請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 末端基によって封止された末端を有するポリイミドからなる摺動部をさらに備える、
請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
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| US17/266,914 US12085318B2 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2019-06-05 | Refrigeration cycle apparatus |
| ES19852339T ES3042578T3 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2019-06-05 | Refrigeration cycle device |
| CN201980054969.8A CN112601917B (zh) | 2018-08-20 | 2019-06-05 | 冷冻循环装置 |
| EP19852339.1A EP3842708B1 (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2019-06-05 | Refrigeration cycle device |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112601917B (zh) | 2025-05-27 |
| CN112601917A (zh) | 2021-04-02 |
| US12085318B2 (en) | 2024-09-10 |
| JP2020031530A (ja) | 2020-02-27 |
| ES3042578T3 (en) | 2025-11-21 |
| EP3842708A1 (en) | 2021-06-30 |
| EP3842708B1 (en) | 2025-09-17 |
| US20210262710A1 (en) | 2021-08-26 |
| JP6708288B2 (ja) | 2020-06-10 |
| EP3842708A4 (en) | 2022-06-01 |
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