WO2020030205A1 - Switching device for the controlled switching of an electrical connection and method for the controlled switching of an electrical connection - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a switching device (100, 200) for the controlled switching of an electrical connection. The switching device (100, 200) has a positive power terminal (101, 201) and a negative power terminal (102, 202). Furthermore, the switching device (100, 200) has a connection element (103), which is designed to controllably electrically couple the positive power terminal (101, 201) and the negative power terminal (102, 202) to one another when in a first state and electrically disconnect the positive power terminal (101, 201) and the negative power terminal (102, 202) from one another when in a second state, and a blocking element (104), which is designed to block the connection element (103) in the second state when in a non-activated state and to release the connection element (103) when in an activated state. The invention further relates to a corresponding method.

Description

 SWITCHING DEVICE FOR CONTROLLED SWITCHING OF AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLED SWITCHING OF AN ELECTRICAL CONNECTION

Technical field

The present invention relates to a switching device for controlled switching of an electrical connection. The present invention further relates to a corresponding method.

State of the art

The present invention is described below mainly in connection with electrical connections in vehicles. However, it goes without saying that the present invention can be used in any application in which electrical connections must be securely closed and disconnected.

In modern vehicles, attempts are made to reduce the fuel consumption or local emissions of the vehicles. One way to reduce vehicle emissions is to support the internal combustion engine with an electric motor, so-called plug-in hybrid, or to replace it with an electric motor, so-called electric vehicle.

The electric motors in such vehicles can be operated with voltages of up to 800 V or more. Accordingly, batteries are also installed in such vehicles as energy storage devices, which have high rated voltages of up to 800 V and more.

In order to be able to switch the currents in the vehicle safely, for example in the event of a fault, so-called contactors are usually used. These contactors can have a spring-loaded armature with a contact bridge, which is opposed by an electromagnet Spring force is pressed onto the corresponding connection terminals, thereby electrically connecting them.

In the de-energized state of the electromagnet, the electrical contact is kept open by the spring preload of the armature. In the event of an unfavorably directed force, in particular in the direction of the armature, the cumulative inertia of the armature and the contact bridge can be sufficient to overcome the spring force and to close the contact.

Therefore, the contactors for the positive voltage branch and the negative

Voltage branch usually installed with different axis directions so that both contactors do not close at the same time. This type of assembly leads to an increased

Installation effort.

Description of the invention

It is therefore an object of the invention to reduce the assembly effort for contactors using the simplest possible design.

The object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims, the description and the accompanying figures. In particular, the independent claims of one claim category can also be developed analogously to the dependent claims of another claim category.

A switching device according to the invention for controlled switching of an electrical connection has a positive power connection and a negative one

Power connection, and a connecting element, which is formed, controllable in a first state, the positive power connection and the negative

To electrically couple the power connection to one another and to electrically separate the positive power connection and the negative power connection from one another in a second state. Furthermore, a switching device according to the invention has a locking element which is designed to block the connecting element in the second state in a non-activated state, and in a activated state

Release fastener. A method according to the invention for controlled switching of an electrical connection has the following steps: driving a blocking element to release a connecting element and setting the connecting element into a first state in which a positive power connection and a negative power connection are electrically coupled to one another in order to make the electrical connection conclude. Furthermore, the method has the following steps: ending the actuation of the blocking element and placing the connecting element in a second state in which the positive power connection and the negative power connection are electrically separated from one another in order to separate the electrical connection. It goes without saying that the sequence of the steps for closing the electrical connection or for opening the electrical connection can in each case be interchanged.

As already explained above, it can be e.g. in electric vehicles under appropriate conditions to an unwanted closing of the

Flochvoltschützen come, which leads to increased effort in assembly or production.

The present invention is based on the finding that the assembly of

Flochvolts in electric vehicles could be simplified if the Flochvolts were better protected against the effects of accelerations or vibrations.

The present invention therefore provides the switching device which is protected against unwanted closing due to accelerations or vibrations.

For this purpose, in the switching device, a positive power connection and a negative power connection can be electrically connected to one another in a controlled manner via a connecting element or can be electrically separated from one another.

The connecting element can therefore be switched between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the connecting element couples the positive power connection to the negative power connection. In the second state of the connecting element, the positive power connection is electrically isolated from the negative power connection or is not connected to it. The connecting element can, for example, have an armature which is pretensioned by a spring, so that it assumes the position of the second state without further actuation. The connecting element can furthermore have, for example, a magnetic coil which, when appropriately controlled, generates a magnetic field and moves the armature into the position of the first state. If the current supply to the coil is interrupted, the spring-loaded armature consequently automatically moves back into the position of the second state.

An unwanted switching of the connecting element from the second state to the first state, that is, an unwanted closing of the electrical connection, is avoided by the switching device according to the invention. For this purpose, the switching device provides the blocking element, which in an uncontrolled state blocks the connecting element in the second state. In a controlled state, however, the locking element releases the connecting element.

The non-activated state of the blocking element denotes a state in which there is no activation of the blocking element. So it is e.g. no active control signal for the blocking element. In contrast, in the controlled state there is one

Control of the locking element available. So there is a control signal on the

Locking element. The control signal can e.g. be designed as a control voltage or a control current.

It goes without saying that depending on the type of control signal, e.g. A control signal can also be present in the non-activated state, but this characterizes the non-activated state. Such a control signal can e.g. be a digital control signal, which can identify the non-activated state by a logical "0" and the activated state by a logical "1", for example.

It goes without saying that control inputs can be provided for the connecting element and the blocking element, even if these are not explicitly mentioned here. This

Control inputs can be controlled by external units, such as control devices in vehicles, in order to control the locking element and to switch the connecting element between the first state and the second state. With the help of the switching device according to the present invention, disconnection of an electrical connection between the positive power connection and the negative power connection can be ensured.

By blocking or locking the connecting element that can

Do not move the connecting element out of the second state even under strong accelerations or vibrations. The electrical connection between the positive power connection and the negative power connection is consequently safely blocked.

When installing or assembling the switching device or several switching devices, e.g. in a positive voltage branch and a negative voltage branch, there is therefore no need to pay attention to the installation direction of the switching devices. Consequently, the switching devices can be installed side by side in the same direction. This enables a very efficient and quick assembly, which e.g. can also be done automatically with the help of robots.

Further embodiments and further developments result from the subclaims and from the description with reference to the figures.

In one embodiment, the locking element for locking the connecting element can positively engage in the connecting element and block it.

A positive connection means that the locking element or a component or element of the locking element engages positively in the connecting element or a component or element of the connecting element. In contrast to a non-positive connection that is also possible, the positive connection cannot be released by excessive forces. The locking of the connecting element is thus permanently ensured.

The positive connection can e.g. be produced by a pawl, a locking lug, a pin or the like, which in a corresponding recess or

Undercut of the connecting element engages. A positive connection can, for example, by a type of coupling, such as a

Slip clutch can be produced.

In one embodiment, the blocking element can have a movably mounted blocking element, which can be moved in a controlled manner into the travel path of the connecting element and / or can be moved out of the travel path of the connecting element.

The blocking element can e.g. be designed as a pawl, a latch, a pin, a piston or the like.

In operation of the switching device, the blocking element can be activated by an actuator, e.g. a coil, a motor such as a servo motor or the like can be moved into or out of the travel path of the connecting element.

If the connecting element is in the second state, the blocking element can be moved into the travel path of the connecting element, that is to say into a corresponding recess or undercut. The connecting element is thus blocked in the second state.

To release the connecting element, the blocking element can be moved out of the travel path, that is to say the recess or undercut. The

The connecting element is therefore no longer blocked and can change to the first state. It goes without saying that a further actuator can be provided for the connecting element.

In a further embodiment, the blocking element can be spring-loaded and can be pretensioned with a pretensioning force in the direction of the travel path of the connecting element.

The term “travel path of the connecting element” is to be understood as the travel path of the element which is movably mounted and changes its position when changing from the first state to the second state or back, by the electrical contact between the positive power connection and the negative Establish or interrupt power connection. The biasing force moves the blocking element into the position of the non-activated state. In the non-activated state, the blocking element blocks this

Connecting element. Consequently, no active control is necessary to establish the electrical connection between the positive power connection and the negative one

To prevent power connection.

In order to move the blocking element out of the travel path of the connecting element, active control of the blocking element is consequently necessary. To close the electrical connection between the positive power connection and the negative

Power connection, it is therefore necessary to first actively control the blocking element and then to control the connecting element so that it changes to the first state.

It is understood that the direction of movement of the blocking element e.g. orthogonal to the travel of the connecting element or the corresponding component of the

Connection element may lie.

In another embodiment, the blocking element can have an actuator, which can be designed to move the blocking element out of the travel path of the connecting element in a controlled state.

The actuator can be any type of electrically controllable actuator which

Blockade element can move. Such an actuator can e.g. be a coil. Other possible forms for actuators are e.g. Electric motors, such as servos, or the like. Furthermore, elements made of bimetal can be used, which heat up and deform when energized.

In particular, the actuator can be a reversible actuator. A reversible actuator is understood to mean that the actuator does this in the de-energized or non-activated state

Blocking element not actively braking or blocked. A blocking element preloaded by a spring force can consequently be actuated by the actuator in the non-activated state

Spring force can be pressed or moved into its rest position. In one embodiment, the blocking element can be designed in such a way that it enables the connecting element to be changed from the first state to the second state in the non-activated state.

The first state of the connecting element identifies the state of the switching element in which the positive power connection and the negative power connection are electrically coupled to one another. The second state identifies the state of the

Switching element in which the positive power connection and the negative

Power connection are not electrically coupled to each other, so no current flow is possible.

As already mentioned above, the blocking element or the blocking element can positively engage in the connecting element in the non-activated state. A

Movement of the connecting element in the first state is consequently prevented.

However, the electrical connection between the positive power connection and the negative power connection should be safely disconnected if e.g. the control of the switching device fails. Depending on the design of the blocking element or the blocking element, it may be necessary to move this out of the travel path of the connecting element. Alternatively, the connecting element and the locking element or

Blocking element are carried out in such a way that the movement of the connecting element in the second state remains possible, that is to say also in the non-activated state of the blocking element.

This can e.g. by providing appropriate active areas, e.g. mutually sloping surfaces (e.g. sloping to the direction of movement of the connecting element), on

Connection element and / or be secured to the locking element. The connecting element and the blocking element can slide along one another on such active surfaces. For example, the connecting element can move the locking element counter to the spring force that prestresses the locking element. If the connecting element is then in the second state, the blocking element or the blocking element can slide back into the non-activated one. In another embodiment, the connecting element can have a spring-loaded anchor, which has a contact bridge at a first end for connecting the positive power connection and the negative power connection, and which has a flinter cut, in particular a mushroom head, at a second end. Furthermore, the spring force can be designed to pull the armature into the second state, in which the positive power connection and the negative power connection are electrically separated from one another. The locking element can have a spring-loaded pawl which is biased by the spring force in the direction of the mushroom head and in the non-activated state of the locking element and the second state of the

Connection element contacted and blocked the mushroom head. Furthermore, the locking element can have an electromagnet or a magnetic coil, which can be designed to pull the pawl out of the travel path of the mushroom head in the activated state.

The connecting element can e.g. be designed similar to an anchor, as used in conventional high-voltage relays. However, such anchors have no way of fixing them.

Consequently, the armature of the switching device according to the present invention can be provided with an undercut. Such an undercut e.g. in form of

Mushroom head is used for the form-fitting fixation of the anchor by the locking element. If the locking element engages in the undercut, it reliably prevents the armature from moving.

For both the connecting element and the blocking element, an electrical actuator, e.g. an electromagnet or a magnetic coil may be provided.

The armature can be moved into the first position via such an electromagnet when the electromagnet is actuated. The spring force automatically moves it to the second position when the electromagnet is not activated.

It applies to the pawl that it is moved out of the travel path of the armature when the corresponding electromagnet is actuated and in when not actuated by the spring force the travel of the armature is moved to prevent its movement in the first state.

In a further embodiment, the mushroom head can be designed in such a way that a tip of the mushroom head moves past the pawl when the armature moves from the first state to the second state and an outer surface of the mushroom head which is inclined to the direction of movement pushes the pawl back when the jack is in the non-activated state.

If one end of the anchor is designed as a mushroom head, it tapers from the undercut to the end. The conical outer surface of the mushroom head consequently forms an oblique surface to the direction of movement of the armature. When moving from the first position to the second position, this inclined surface can slide along the pawl and push it back. If the outer circumference of the mushroom head passes the pawl, it can move back into the non-controlled position and blocks the anchor with a positive fit.

This design of the anchor with mushroom head consequently enables the anchor to move into the second position even when the pawl is not activated.

In another embodiment, the switching device can have a state sensor, which can be designed to detect the state of the connecting element and / or the blocking element and to output a corresponding sensor signal.

The condition sensor can be used as a mechanical sensor, e.g. a switch-based sensor, or as a contactless sensor, e.g. a Hall sensor or the like.

With such a condition sensor, e.g. the position of the locking element can be detected and the control of the connecting element or an error detection can be carried out accordingly. Additionally or alternatively, the position of the connecting element can also be detected. The information about the states of the

Locking element and / or the connecting element can e.g. are transmitted to a control unit, which the control signals for the locking element and

Connection element generated. In a further embodiment, the switching device can have control electronics which can be designed to control the connecting element and / or the blocking element based on corresponding input signals.

The control electronics can have a passive circuit, which e.g. Has capacitors, diodes, coils and the like. Control signals to the actuator of the blocking element or the actuator of the connecting element can be forwarded to the respective actuator via the control electronics. Thus, with such a circuit e.g. Overvoltages and other interference are suppressed, and adjusted control signals are forwarded to the actuator of the blocking element or the actuator of the connecting element.

As input signals of the control electronics e.g. Voltage signals are used, that is, a signal with a predetermined voltage value for actuating the respective actuator. A separate input signal can be provided for each of the actuators.

It goes without saying that the signals of the state sensor can be output directly by the latter. Alternatively, the control electronics can have signal processing for the sensor signals and output them.

In one embodiment, the control electronics can have a single signal input, via which a single control signal for closing the electrical

Connection between the positive power connection and the negative

Power connection is provided.

In such an embodiment, the control electronics can be individually

Control signal generate two signals, one of which controls the actuator of the locking element or the actuator of the connecting element. In particular, the

Control electronics in this embodiment have a delay element which delays the signal for the actuator of the connecting element compared to the signal for the actuator of the blocking element. This ensures that the connecting element is released before its actuator is activated. A capacitor circuit can be provided as the delay element, which detects the voltage rise of the signal delayed for the actuator of the connecting element. It goes without saying that a digital circuit can alternatively also be provided.

In a further embodiment, the control electronics can be a digital control unit, e.g. have a controller. Such a digital control unit can e.g. the

Actuate the actuator of the blocking element or the actuator of the connecting element and for this purpose evaluate the signals of the state sensor. Analog control signals, as described above, or digital control signals can serve as the input signal of the control electronics.

Digital control signals can e.g. be serial or parallel digital signals. In particular, the control electronics can have a bus interface via which digital signals can be exchanged. Such a bus interface can e.g. be designed as a CAN interface, a LIN interface, a FlexRay interface, a network interface or the like.

The digital control unit can consequently receive control signals and control the actuator of the blocking element or the actuator of the connecting element based on the sensor signals. Furthermore, the digital control unit can output corresponding status information via the digital interface, which e.g. can be evaluated by a control unit in a vehicle.

Brief description of the figures

Advantageous exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it:

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a switching device according to the present invention,

 Figure 2 is a plan view of another embodiment of a switching device

 according to the present invention,

 Figure 3 is a sectional view of the embodiment of a switching device according to

Figure 2, FIG. 4 shows a detailed view of an armature of an exemplary embodiment of a switching device according to FIG. 2, and

 Figure 5 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method according to the present invention.

The figures are merely schematic representations and serve only to explain the invention. The same or equivalent elements are provided with the same reference numerals throughout.

Detailed description

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a switching device 100. The switching device 100 has a positive power connection 101 and a negative power connection 102. Furthermore, the switching device 100 has a connecting element 103 and a blocking element 104.

The connecting element 103 is shown in a second state in which it does not couple the positive power connection 101 and the negative power connection 102 to one another. If the connecting element 103 is set or moved in a first state (indicated by an arrow), the two stamps of the

Connection element 103 each on the positive power connection 101 and the negative power connection 102 and establish an electrical connection between them.

The connecting element 103 has on the power connections 101, 102

opposite end of a recess 105. In the illustrated state, one end of the locking element 104 lies in the recess 105 and blocks movement of the connecting element 103.

In order to establish the electrical connection between the positive power connection 101 and the negative power connection 102, the blocking element 104 must consequently be removed from the travel path of the connecting element 103 (indicated by an arrow). Although it is not explicitly shown in FIG. 1, it goes without saying that an actuator can be provided for the blocking element 104, which actuator can be activated in order to To remove or withdraw blocking element 104 from the travel path of connecting element 103.

After movement of the connecting element 103 is released, the connecting element 103 can be brought into the first position by a further actuator (not explicitly shown), so that the power connections 101, 102 are electrically coupled to one another.

It goes without saying that the specific design of the power connections 101, 102, the connecting element 103, the blocking element 104 may differ from that shown here. A possible embodiment of the switching device according to the present invention is described in detail in FIGS. 2-4.

FIG. 2 shows a top view of a further switching device 200, in which the individual elements are arranged in the housing 208. In the switching device 200, the locking element is formed by a pawl 210, which is formed by two springs 21 1, 212 in

Is biased towards a counter bearing 213. The armature 216 of the connecting element projects through a recess in the pawl 210 between the counter bearing 213 and the springs 21 1, 212.

The armature 216 has a mushroom head 217 at its end. It can be seen in FIG. 2 that an edge of the pawl 210 projects into an undercut in the mushroom head 217. Movement of the armature 216 downward, ie into the image plane, is consequently prevented by the pawl 210 in a form-fitting manner.

A magnet coil 214 is also arranged in the switching device 200 in such a way that, when energized, it releases the pawl 210 from the travel path or the undercut of the

Pulls mushroom head 217 out and thus releases the mushroom head 217. If the magnet coil 214 is energized, the armature 216 can consequently be moved into the first position by appropriately actuating the magnet coil 225 (see FIG. 3).

Connection terminals 218, 219, 220, 221 are provided to control the magnetic coil 214 or the magnetic coil 225. The magnetic coils 214, 225 can be controlled directly via these connection terminals 218, 219, 220, 221, for example. Alternatively, the Connection terminals 218, 219, 220, 221 can also be coupled to control electronics (not shown separately). The control electronics can then control the solenoids 214, 225 in accordance with the control signals received.

The switching device 200 also has a state sensor 215. The condition sensor 215 is used to detect the position of the pawl 210. It is understood that the

State sensor 215 can additionally or alternatively also detect the position of armature 216.

The information about the position of the pawl 210 can e.g. to the one mentioned above

Control electronics are transmitted. There this information can be processed or e.g. be transmitted to a control unit. Alternatively, this information can also be output directly via the connection terminals 218, 219, 220, 221.

Of the four connection terminals 218, 219, 220, 221, e.g. one connection terminal can be the ground connection, another connection terminal can be the data line of the

State sensor 215, another connection terminal can be the control line for the solenoid 214 and one the control line for the solenoid 225.

A control device or a control unit (not explicitly shown) can consequently close the electrical connection between the power connections 201, 202 (see FIG. 3) by first actuating the solenoid coil 214 in order to move the pawl 210 out of the travel path of the armature 216. The control unit then actuates the solenoid 225 in order to press the armature 216 onto the power connections (see, for example, FIG. 3).

FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the switching device 200 along the section “E” shown in FIG. 2. It can be seen in the sectional view that the housing 208 is divided by an intermediate wall 209, so that two chambers 206, 207 are formed. The power connections 201, 202 are located on the side of the first chamber 206 opposite the intermediate wall 209. The armature 216 is movably mounted in the first chamber 206 with a contact bridge 223, a spring 224 being arranged between the contact bridge 223 and the intermediate wall 209 and the armature 216 encloses. The spring 224 can also be referred to as a so-called bounce spring 224. Components which are usually present in a contactor are shown in FIG. 3 for the sake of clarity in the form of a circuit diagram. The

Bouncing spring 224 can therefore be housed in a rectangular metal housing in one embodiment. This metal housing can be fixedly attached to the armature 216 and can have elongated hole cutouts at the level of the contact bridge 223. Lugs located on the contact bridge 223 can engage in these elongated holes. In this embodiment, the contact bridge 223 is therefore not permanently connected to the armature, but has about 2 mm of clearance in the longitudinal direction of the armature via the lugs running in the elongated holes. It is preloaded in the housing by the bounce spring. This construction prevents or at least dampens the bouncing of the contacts that occurs when the contacts close under a high current load.

A magnet coil 225 is arranged in the second chamber 207 around the armature 216. An anchor biasing spring, which is not shown in FIG. 3 for reasons of simplification, can be accommodated in the second chamber 207 with the magnet coil 225. This armature pretensioning spring can enclose the armature 216 within the magnet coil 225 and can be separated from the magnet coil 225 by a protective sleeve.

The magnet coil 225 is designed such that it presses the armature 216 or the contact bridge 223 onto the power connections 201, 202 when it is energized. Will the

Solenoid 225 is not energized, the contact bridge 223 is therefore automatically

withdrawn and the electrical contact between the power connections 201, 202 interrupted.

In the sectional view of FIG. 3, the mushroom head 217 can also be seen at the end of the armature 216, which in the second state of the armature 216 shown is positively fixed by the pawl 210.

The section which shows the mushroom head 217 is shown enlarged in FIG. It goes without saying that the dimensions, angles and other dimensions shown only describe one exemplary embodiment and that other dimensions are possible in other exemplary embodiments. It can be seen in FIG. 4 that the mushroom head 217 is conical and has a cone angle of 70 °. The cone underside 226 forms a ring around the shaft 227 of the armature 216. Furthermore, it can be seen that the pawl 210 has a surface as a counter bearing 228 for the cone underside 226. In the non-activated state of the magnetic coil 214, the cone underside 226 and the counter bearing 228 consequently overlap, so that a movement of the armature 216 in the direction of the counter bearing 228 is blocked in a form-fitting manner.

The pawl 210 further has an inclined surface 229, which extends from the end of the counter bearing 228 in such a way that it forms a pair of active surfaces with the outer surface of the mushroom head 217. If the armature 216 is in the first state and the pawl 210 is in the non-activated state, the outer surface of the mushroom head 217 lies over the inclined surface 229. If the energization of the magnet coil 225 is now interrupted, the armature 216 moves back to the second position ( for example due to the force generated by the above-mentioned armature preload spring). The outer surface of the mushroom head 217 and the inclined surface 229 slide past one another, the pawl being pressed against the spring preload out of the travel path of the armature 216 or of the mushroom head 217. Passes the cone bottom 226 the edge of the thrust bearing 228 moves the

Spring preload the pawl 210 back to its starting position.

For ease of understanding, the reference numbers for FIGS. 1-4 are retained in the following description as a reference.

FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of a method for controlled switching of an electrical connection.

In a first step S1 of the activation, in order to close the electrical connection, a blocking element 104 is activated to release a connection element 103. In a second step S2 of relocating S2, the connecting element 103 is controlled in a first state. In this first state, the positive power connection 101, 201 and the negative power connection 102, 202 are electrically coupled to one another.

In order to disconnect the electrical connection, in a third step S3 of relocating the connecting element 103 is placed in a second state in which the positive power connection 101, 201 and the negative power connection 102, 202 are electrical are separated from each other. In a fourth step S4 of termination, activation of the blocking element 104 is ended.

It is understood that e.g. in the event of a power failure or a failure of the actuating device, step S4 can take place before step S3.

In order to ensure a secure locking of the connecting element 103, the

Interlock locking element 104 in a form-locking manner in control element 103 and block it.

When S3 is activated, a movably mounted blocking element of the blocking element 104 can be moved out of the travel path of the connecting element 103. Without

Activation, the blocking element is moved into the travel path of the connecting element 103.

The blocking element can e.g. be spring-loaded and be biased with a biasing force in the direction of the travel of the connecting element 103. On

corresponding actuator 214 of the blocking element 104 can e.g. move the blocking element out of the travel path of the connecting element 103 in a controlled state. In the non-activated state, the blocking element can nevertheless enable the connection element 103 to change from the first state to the second state.

Furthermore, the state of the connecting element 103 and / or the blocking element 104 can be detected with a state sensor 215 and a corresponding sensor signal can be output. Additionally or alternatively, control electronics can control the connecting element 103 and / or the blocking element 104 based on corresponding input signals.

Since the devices and methods described in detail above are exemplary embodiments, they can be modified in a conventional manner to a large extent by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the mechanical arrangements and the size relationships of the individual elements to one another are only examples. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100, 200 switching device

101, 201 positive power connection 102, 202 negative power connection

103 connecting element

104 locking element

 105 recess

206, 207 chamber

208 housing

 209 partition

 210 jack

 21 1, 212 spring

 213 counter bearing

 214 solenoid

 215 condition sensor

 216 anchors

217 mushroom head

 218, 219, 220, 221 connection terminal

E cutting line

223 contact bridge

 224 feather

 225 solenoid

 226 bottom of cone

 227 shaft

 228 counter bearing

229 sloping surface

S1, S2, S3, S4 process steps

Claims

 EXPECTATIONS 1. Switching device (100, 200) for controlled switching of an electrical Connection, with a positive power connection (101, 201) and a negative power connection (102, 202), a connecting element (103) which is designed to controllably electrically couple the positive power connection (101, 201) and the negative power connection (102, 202) to one another in a first state and the positive power connection in a second state (101, 201) and the negative power connection (102, 202) are electrically separated from one another, and a blocking element (104), which is designed to block the connecting element (103) in the second state in an uncontrolled state, and in one controlled state to release the connecting element (103). 2. Switching device (100, 200) according to claim 1, wherein the locking element (104) for locking the connecting element (103) positively engages in the connecting element (103) and blocks it. 3. Switching device (100, 200) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the locking element (104) has a movably mounted blocking element, which can be moved in a controlled manner into the travel path of the connecting element (103) and / or can be moved out of the travel path of the connecting element (103) , 4. Switching device (100, 200) according to claim 3, wherein the blocking element is spring-loaded and with a biasing force in the direction of the travel of Connecting element (103) is biased. 5. Switching device (100, 200) according to one of the preceding claims 3 and 4, wherein the locking element (104) has an actuator (214) which is formed in one controlled state the blocking element from the travel of the To move connecting element (103). 6. Switching device (100, 200) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the blocking element is designed in such a way that, in the non-activated state, it enables the connecting element (103) to be changed from the first state to the second state. 7. Switching device (100, 200) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting element (103) has a spring-loaded armature (216), which has a contact bridge (223) at a first end for connecting the positive power connection (101, 201) and the negative power connection (102, 202), and which has an undercut, in particular a mushroom head (217), at a second end, the spring force being designed to move the armature (216) into the second state in which the positive power connection (101, 201) and the negative power connection (102, 202) are electrically separated from one another, the locking element (104) having a spring-loaded pawl (210) which is biased and designed by the spring force in the direction of the mushroom head (217), in the non-activated state of the blocking element (104) to contact and block the mushroom head (217) in a form-fitting manner, and wherein the blocking element (104) has an electroma gneten, which is designed to pull the pawl (210) from the travel of the mushroom head (217) in the activated state. 8. switching device (100, 200) according to claim 7, wherein the mushroom head (217) is formed such that a tip of the mushroom head (217) when the armature (216) moves from the first state to the second state on the pawl (210) moves past and an outer surface of the mushroom head (217) which is inclined to the direction of movement pushes the pawl (210) back when the pawl (210) is in the non-activated state. 9. Switching device (100, 200) according to one of the preceding claims, with a state sensor (215) which is designed to determine the state of the connecting element (103) and / or the blocking element (104) and to output a corresponding sensor signal. 10. Switching device (100, 200) according to one of the preceding claims, with control electronics, which is designed to control the connecting element (103) and / or the blocking element (104) based on corresponding input signals. 1 1. A method for controlled switching of an electrical connection, comprising the steps: Actuation (S1) of a blocking element (104) for releasing a connecting element (103) and setting (S2) the connecting element (103) in a first state in which a positive power connection (101, 201) and a negative power connection (102, 202) electrically coupled to complete the electrical connection, and Placing (S4) the connecting element (103) in a second state, in which the positive power connection (101, 201) and the negative power connection (102, 202) are electrically separated from one another and ending (S3) the activation of the blocking element (104), to disconnect the electrical connection. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the locking element (104) engages positively in the connecting element (103) without a control and blocks it. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a movably mounted blocking element of the blocking element (104) is moved out of the travel path of the connecting element (103) during activation and / or without activation in the Movement path of the connecting element (103) is moved in, the blocking element being in particular spring-loaded and with a Biasing force is biased in the direction of the travel of the connecting element (103), and wherein an actuator (214) of the locking element (104) moves the blocking element from the travel of the connecting element (103) in a controlled state. 14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the blocking element in the non-activated state enables a change of the connecting element (103) from the first state to the second state. 15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein with a state sensor (215) the state of the connecting element (103) and / or the blocking element (104) is detected and a corresponding sensor signal is output; and or where control electronics based on corresponding input signals Control element (103) and / or the locking element (104).