WO2020094992A1 - Method for processing natural rubber - Google Patents
Method for processing natural rubber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020094992A1 WO2020094992A1 PCT/FR2019/052646 FR2019052646W WO2020094992A1 WO 2020094992 A1 WO2020094992 A1 WO 2020094992A1 FR 2019052646 W FR2019052646 W FR 2019052646W WO 2020094992 A1 WO2020094992 A1 WO 2020094992A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- natural rubber
- sheath
- coagulum
- injection
- viscosity stabilizer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/002—Methods
- B29B7/007—Methods for continuous mixing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
- B29B7/603—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material in measured doses, e.g. proportioning of several materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/72—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29B7/726—Measuring properties of mixture, e.g. temperature or density
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
- B29B7/7476—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
- B29B7/7495—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants for mixing rubber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
- B29B7/94—Liquid charges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C3/00—Treatment of coagulated rubber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
- C08K5/41—Compounds containing sulfur bound to oxygen
- C08K5/42—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
- B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
- B29B7/826—Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2007/00—Use of natural rubber as moulding material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of stabilized natural rubber.
- Natural rubber comes from the rubbery dry matter of natural rubber latex extracted from the rubber tree after bleeding: the latex is generally collected in a cup called a cup.
- the latex coagulates directly in the cup to form a coagulum known as the bottom of the cup (in English "cup lump"), an appellation well known to those skilled in the art in the field of rubber manufacture.
- a second so-called induced coagulation process the latex which is still liquid in the cup is transferred, possibly stabilized or centrifuged, then coagulated for example using a chemical agent.
- the spontaneous or induced coagulation product of natural rubber latex hereinafter called natural rubber coagulum, comprises the polyisoprene matrix soaked in a serum.
- the coagulum can be washed to remove contaminants such as leaves, twigs, sand and other debris, but it can also be shredded in the form of granules (in English "crumbs"), washed with water in swimming pools, possibly wrung, and finally dried to remove the water.
- There are several drying processes used to remove water from natural rubber widely known and practiced by those skilled in the art in the field of natural rubber manufacture, in particular for the manufacture of grades TSR3, TSR5, TSR10, TSR20 or RSS.
- An alternative solution to plasticization to minimize the hardening of natural rubber is the stabilization of natural rubber which consists in treating natural rubber with viscosity stabilizers.
- the viscosity stabilizers of natural rubber are well known to those skilled in the art. Mention may be made, for example, of hydroxylamine, its salts, hydroxyalkylamines, their salts, semicarbazide, dimedone, the compounds having a triazole function and the compounds having a hydrazide function.
- the natural rubber can be stabilized in the latex phase, by injecting the stabilizers into the latex.
- the latex phase treatment however has the disadvantage of losing stabilizer in the coagulation waters which are discharged into the environment, these coagulation waters being generated during the coagulation of the latex in order to recover the natural rubber.
- the Applicant has discovered a new process which makes it possible to obtain a stabilized natural rubber by adding a viscosity stabilizer to a coagulum of wet natural rubber.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to control the level of stabilizer added in the natural rubber and to minimize the pollution of the effluents by the stabilizer.
- This process also has the advantage of being implemented in a compact installation. It also makes it possible to reduce energy consumption, since the stabilization stage is carried out in the same installation, under the same conditions and at the same time as the reduction in the humidity of natural rubber.
- a first object of the invention is a method for treating a natural rubber which comprises, in order, steps a), b), c) and d):
- step b) compress the natural rubber obtained at the end of step b) in the barrel at a temperature ranging from 130 ° C. to 210 ° C.
- any range of values designated by the expression “between a and b” represents the range of values going from more than a to less than b (ie limits a and b excluded) while any range of values designated by the expression “from a to b” means the range of values going from a to b (that is to say including the strict limits a and b). Unless expressly indicated otherwise, all the percentages (%) indicated are% by mass.
- step a) of the process according to the invention an extruder is fed with a coagulum of wet natural rubber.
- the coagulum used in step a) is a product of the coagulation of natural rubber latex, either obtained by spontaneous or induced coagulation.
- the coagulum is a bottom of a cup.
- natural rubber latex means the latex resulting from the bleeding of the rubber tree.
- the coagulum is said to be wet, because it is soaked with water which comes in particular from the washing water resulting from the washing operations of the coagulum such as the decontamination operations, generally carried out in a swimming pool under water.
- the coagulum used in step a) is preferably a coagulum which has undergone washing operations. It preferably contains more than 5% water, in particular between 5 and 40% water, more preferably between 8 and 25%, advantageously between 8 and 20%.
- the percentage of water is calculated relative to the total mass of wet coagulum. The more the water content approaches the advantageous range defined by the interval between 8 and 20%, the more the treatment process according to the invention is effective from the standpoint of viscosity stabilization of natural rubber relative to the amount of viscosity stabilizer added in the process.
- the wet coagulum can be in the form of granules commonly called crumbs or pancakes.
- the coagulum used in step a) is in the form of granules (in English "crumbs"), in particular to facilitate its introduction into the extruder by the hopper. More preferably, the coagulum used in step a) is in the form of granules previously washed with water and therefore loaded with water, in particular in the contents indicated above.
- the coagulum of which it is disposed in step a) is typically a coagulum which has undergone, prior to step a), a decontamination work which generally breaks down into two stages, the primary decontamination and the secondary decontamination .
- the coagulum collected after the bleeding of the rubber tree very often contains more or less large contaminants, such as leaves, twigs, sand and other debris which come to contaminate the coagulum during the harvest.
- the coagulum is traditionally cut and washed in swimming pools of water.
- the coagulum In secondary decontamination, which removes the finest contaminants, the coagulum is traditionally shredded, then washed with water in swimming pools, then routed, for example, into crepe makers and shredders.
- the decontamination may include a step of filtering the coagulum, in particular under pressure, for example in a particular device which comprises an extruder and a suitable filtration means installed at the outlet of the extruder.
- a suitable filtration means installed at the outlet of the extruder.
- Such a method makes it possible to remove contaminants of size greater than 1 mm, advantageously greater than 500 ⁇ m, more advantageously greater than 100 ⁇ m.
- the extruder used in step a) is typically a worm machine which comprises a material inlet known as a hopper, a body formed by a cylinder (also called a sleeve) in which a screw (one or more) turns without end and a head which supports a die.
- This machine makes it possible to apply mechanical drying or thermo-mechanical drying to a product soaked in a liquid to be removed by drying.
- Mechanical drying allows the elimination of the liquid by purely mechanical forces (pressing, spinning, ). It can be achieved by simple transfer of momentum and possibly without thermal transfer.
- Thermomechanical drying is carried out by heating communicated to the product to be dried by degradation of mechanical energy.
- the water included in the product to be dried is in a liquid state under pressure and at high temperature.
- the extruder useful for the needs of the invention can be an extruder available on the market, in particular those sold by the companies Anderson, FOM and Welding, such as for example the Anderson Expander, the FOM Extruder Dryer, the VCU from Welding.
- the extruder useful for the needs of the invention for any of the embodiments of the invention is preferably a single-screw extruder.
- extruders are preferred in that they allow, at the outlet of the die, to achieve higher flow rates in the coagulum or to promote adiabatic relaxation.
- Such a preferred variant is an extruder whose sheath has in the feed zone of the extruder one (one or more) means for discharging water (free water, in liquid form).
- As means of evacuation mention may be made of grooves in the thickness of the barrel which open onto the inner surface of the barrel, one or more openings in the feed zone of the extruder, an opening which makes it possible to evacuate water. out of the scabbard. These openings can be in the form of a slot, a grid, a circular hole.
- the feeding area is the area under the opening of the hopper.
- the sheath preferably has all or part of its length of the fingers which extend radially inward of the sheath relative to the axis of rotation of the screw. Such fingers are arranged in an area which is downstream of the feeding area dedicated to the introduction of the coagulum.
- the sleeve carries fingers which extend radially inward of the sleeve relative to the axis of rotation of the screw, the thread of the screw which is helical and which extends radially from a central shaft of the screw is interrupted so as to form cylindrical annular spaces in which the fingers are arranged.
- an extruder comprises a feed zone and a pressurization zone (compression zone) dedicated to the rise in temperature and pressure of the coagulum and located downstream of the feed zone.
- a viscosity stabilizer is continuously introduced into the natural rubber by injecting the viscosity stabilizer into the barrel of the extruder.
- the viscosity stabilizer is injected in the form of an aqueous solution.
- the viscosity stabilizer is distributed within the natural rubber under the effect of mechanical forces exerted in the sheath during the operation of the extruder.
- the assembly formed by natural rubber and the viscosity stabilizer is homogenized within the sheath by the kneading function also ensured by the operation of the extruder.
- the kneading can be improved by the presence of fingers in the sleeve which extend radially towards the inside of the sleeve, the fingers being able to be carried by the sleeve.
- the rise in temperature generated by the mixing allows the reaction between the viscosity stabilizer and natural rubber.
- the viscosity stabilizer is added to the natural rubber in the sheath in order to stabilize the viscosity of the natural rubber produced by the process according to the invention.
- Viscosity stabilizers for stabilizing the viscosity of natural rubber are well known to those skilled in the art of natural rubber. They make it possible to reduce or eliminate the mechanical working time necessary for the plasticization of natural rubber to reduce the viscosity of natural rubber. This plasticization of natural rubber which would not have been treated with a viscosity stabilizer is generally made necessary by the observation that such natural rubber tends to harden on storage.
- the viscosity stabilizer can be a mixture of viscosity stabilizers.
- any compound known to stabilize the viscosity of natural rubber may be suitable. Mention may be made, for example, of hydroxylamine, its salts, hydroxyalkylamines, their salts, semicarbazide, dimedone, the compounds having a triazole function and the compounds having a hydrazide function.
- the viscosity stabilizer is dimedone or a compound derived from ammonia chosen from the compounds of formula XNH 2 and their salts, where X is a group chosen from hydroxyl and C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl groups or a mixture of these compounds.
- the salt can be a weak acid salt of compounds of formula XNH 2 or a strong acid salt of compounds of formula XNH 2 optionally neutralized with a strong base.
- a strong base one can for example refer to the description of patent application WO2017085109.
- the viscosity stabilizer is hydroxylamine sulfate or hydroxylamine sulfate neutralized with sodium hydroxide, very advantageously hydroxylamine sulfate.
- the viscosity stabilizer is added at a rate ranging from 2.4 mmol to 24 mmol, more preferably from 6 mmol to 24 mmol, even more preferably from 8 mmol to 18 mmol equivalent of dimedone or equivalent of XNH 2 per kilogram of rubber natural.
- the extruder useful for the needs of the invention is equipped with an injection device which comprises one or more orifices opening into the sheath.
- the orifices called injection points are preferably located downstream of the supply zone, preferably in a compression zone downstream of the supply zone.
- the injection downstream of the feed zone limits, or even removes, the part of viscosity stabilizer which would not be incorporated into the natural rubber, which has the effect of increasing the efficiency of the process with respect to the stabilization of natural rubber.
- the location of the injection points in the compression zone makes it possible to further increase the efficiency of the process by ensuring good incorporation of the viscosity stabilizer in the natural rubber and a sufficient contact time between the viscosity stabilizer and the rubber. natural before adiabatic relaxation.
- the injection points are located at the radially inner end of the fingers which are carried by the sheath and which extend radially inward of the sheath relative to the axis of rotation of the screw.
- each injection point is located at the radially inner end of a finger which is carried by the sheath and which extends radially inward of the sheath relative to the axis of rotation of the screw.
- This location of the injection points also ensures effective incorporation of the viscosity stabilizer into the core of the natural rubber and contributes to a good distribution of the viscosity stabilizer in the natural rubber.
- the injection points are located in fingers carried by the sleeve and extending radially inward of the sleeve relative to the axis of rotation of the screw, such fingers being arranged in the area of compression. This localization of the injection points makes it possible to further increase the efficiency of the process by combining the benefits provided by the localization in the fingers and the localization in the compression zone.
- the sleeve carries a single finger extending radially inwardly of the sleeve relative to the axis of rotation of the screw and at the radially inner end of which is located a point of injection, knowing that the sleeve can carry other fingers extending radially inward of the sleeve relative to the axis of rotation of the screw and at the end of which there is no injection point. These other fingers help knead the natural rubber in the sheath and help mix the natural rubber and the viscosity stabilizer.
- the pressure at the injection point is greater than 0 bar relative, which indicates the presence of material (rubber coagulum) at the injection point and makes it possible to ensure that the viscosity stabilizer is well injected into natural rubber.
- An injection of the viscosity stabilizer into a space in the barrel not filled with natural rubber could cause a loss of efficiency of the process.
- injection into an empty space promotes the risk of entraining part of the viscosity stabilizer with the water extracted from the coagulum. It also promotes the risk of decomposition of part of the viscosity stabilizer under the effect of heat in the sheath even before it comes into contact with natural rubber.
- the pressure at the point injection is preferably greater than the saturated vapor pressure of water at the temperature of that of the injection point.
- the reaction between the viscosity stabilizer and the natural rubber being activated by the temperature, the temperature at the injection point is preferably greater than or equal to 100 ° C, more preferably from 130 to 210 ° C, even more preferably from 150 to 210 ° C.
- a temperature below 100 ° C does not allow such effective stabilization, the reaction yield being lower at these temperatures compared to temperatures above 100 ° C. Above 210 ° C, the polyisoprene chains of natural rubber can degrade.
- step c) the natural rubber obtained at the end of step b) is in the compressed state in the sheath.
- This compression is useful for subsequently subjecting natural rubber to adiabatic expansion.
- the pressure at which the natural rubber is compressed must be sufficient to allow adiabatic expansion at a differential pressure of at least 40 bar.
- the natural rubber is brought to step c) at a temperature ranging from 130 to 210 ° C.
- mechanical work under high pressure is accompanied by heating of the rubbery material of the coagulum, which has the effect of increasing the temperature of the coagulum. Below 130 ° C, the process is not effective enough to reduce the moisture content of natural rubber.
- the temperature is between 170 ° C and 210 ° C. More preferably, the natural rubber is compressed in step c) at a temperature between 180 ° C and 210 ° C.
- a heating system such as a double jacket, heating resistors.
- the adiabatic expansion carried out in step d) is characterized by flash expansion in that it allows natural rubber to pass from a compressed state to an uncompressed state almost immediately, typically in less than a second. It is carried out at a differential pressure greater than or equal to 40 bars, in particular at a differential pressure of 40 to 80 bars.
- the expansion being adiabatic, the relaxation occurs at the temperature at which the compression was carried out.
- the coagulum is generally at atmospheric pressure and its humidity is reduced, in particular to a content of less than 5%, preferably to a content of less than 3%.
- natural rubber can be cut, then packaged or alternatively cut, further dried, and then packaged.
- the natural rubber can be cut at the outlet of the die by a means which is capable of cutting the natural rubber and which is arranged downstream of the die.
- the means capable of cutting the natural rubber can be a knife or a granulator, preferably a granulator.
- the natural rubber recovered at the outlet of the die is dried by additional drying to further reduce its residual moisture level, in particular to a rate less than 0.8%.
- the natural rubber is advantageously cut at the outlet of the die by a means which is capable of cutting the natural rubber and which is arranged downstream of the die.
- the means capable of cutting the natural rubber can be a knife or a granulator, preferably a granulator. The divided state under which the natural rubber is found after having been cut makes it possible to make the additional drying more efficient.
- the drying time is adjusted by a person skilled in the art as a function of the drying temperature and as a function of the residual water content in the natural rubber at the end of step d). It is preferable to apply the shortest possible drying time to preserve the structure and properties of the polyisoprene chains of natural rubber. Therefore, a drying time of less than 10 minutes is recommended and preferred.
- the drying is preferably a drying by convection. Any known means for drying by convection may be suitable. In particular, a fluidized bed is preferred, such as a vibrating screen with hot air, a device known and conventionally used in the processes for manufacturing synthetic rubbers.
- the natural rubber recovered at the outlet of the die is dried by additional drying, preferably by convection, preferably by means of a fluidized bed, more preferably by means of a vibrating screen with hot air.
- Convective drying is preferably carried out in air.
- Convective drying in air can be carried out at a temperature ranging from 110 ° C to 180 ° C, preferably at a temperature ranging from 110 ° C to 130 ° C.
- An extruder of a cup bottom coagulum is fed in the form of granules having a water content of 14%.
- the extruder is a single screw extruder, it is equipped a die with holes at the end of the screw and a granulator disposed at the die outlet.
- the extruder has a double envelope, its sheath present in the supply zone with means for discharging water.
- the screw speed is 150 rpm
- the pressure is 61 bars
- the temperature of the coagulum is 184 ° C
- the temperature and the pressure being measured by sensors positioned as close as possible to the die, between the die and the end of the screw closest to the die.
- the natural rubber is recovered in the form of granules which are then dried on a vibrating sieve with hot air at a temperature of 120 ° C for about 5 minutes. Its humidity is less than 0.8%.
- the natural rubber is then sprayed with an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine sulfate prepared with 150 grams of hydroxylamine sulfate per liter of solution.
- a mass quantity of hydroxylamine sulfate relative to natural rubber, in pce of 0.08, is put on the NR, then the natural rubber thus watered is introduced into a dry prebreaker, the temperature of the natural rubber in the prebreaker being 110 ° C. . Its humidity is less than 0.8%.
- An extruder of a cup bottom coagulum is fed in the form of granules having a water content of 15%.
- the extruder is a single screw extruder, it is equipped with a die with holes at the end of the screw and a granulator disposed at the outlet of the die.
- the extruder has a double envelope, its sheath present in the supply zone with means for discharging water. It is also equipped with holes for injecting the viscosity stabilizer.
- a finger according to the invention is used for the injection of the viscosity stabilizer and other fingers are installed between the injection point and the die to promote mixing between the viscosity stabilizer and the natural rubber.
- the screw speed is 150 rpm
- the pressure at the injection point of the hydroxylamine sulfate solution is 11 bars
- the temperature of the coagulum at the injection point is 176 ° C.
- An aqueous solution of hydroxylamine sulfate prepared at 150 grams of hydroxylamine sulfate per liter of solution is injected continuously into the extruder at the injection site.
- a mass quantity of hydroxylamine sulfate relative to the dry natural rubber, in an amount of 0.08 part by weight of hydroxylamine sulfate per 100 parts by weight of dry natural rubber, is continuously injected into the extruder.
- the natural rubber is recovered in the form of granules which are then dried on a vibrating sieve with hot air at a temperature of 120 ° C for about 5 minutes.
- the moisture content of natural rubber is less than 0.8%.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to continuously produce a stabilized natural rubber by carrying out in the same machine, an extruder, the reaction of a viscosity stabilizer with a coagulum of natural rubber and an adiabatic expansion making it possible to reduce the moisture content of natural rubber, while controlling the level of stabilizer introduced into natural rubber.
- the process according to the invention supplemented by convection drying also makes it possible to produce a natural rubber which is both stabilized and dry in a compact installation which consists of an extruder and a fluidized bed, which makes it possible to reduce energy consumption compared to traditional processes using cumbersome installations such as prebreakers.
- the process according to the invention can also be combined with a prior operation for decontaminating the coagulum.
- the process according to the invention proves to be a simple and flexible process while being effective in stabilizing natural rubber and reducing its moisture content.
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Abstract
Description
Procédé de traitement d'un caoutchouc naturel Method for treating natural rubber
La présente invention concerne un procédé de préparation d'un caoutchouc naturel stabilisé. The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of stabilized natural rubber.
Le caoutchouc naturel provient de la matière sèche caoutchouteuse du latex de caoutchouc naturel extraite de l'hévéa après saignée : le latex est généralement recueilli dans un godet appelé tasse. Selon un premier procédé de coagulation dit spontané, le latex coagule directement dans la tasse pour former un coagulum dit fond de tasse (en anglais « cup lump »), appellation bien connue de l'homme du métier dans le domaine de la fabrication du caoutchouc naturel. Selon un deuxième procédé de coagulation dit provoquée, le latex encore liquide dans la tasse est transvasé, éventuellement stabilisé ou centrifugé, puis coagulé par exemple à l'aide d'un agent chimique. Natural rubber comes from the rubbery dry matter of natural rubber latex extracted from the rubber tree after bleeding: the latex is generally collected in a cup called a cup. According to a first so-called spontaneous coagulation process, the latex coagulates directly in the cup to form a coagulum known as the bottom of the cup (in English "cup lump"), an appellation well known to those skilled in the art in the field of rubber manufacture. natural. According to a second so-called induced coagulation process, the latex which is still liquid in the cup is transferred, possibly stabilized or centrifuged, then coagulated for example using a chemical agent.
Le produit de la coagulation, spontanée ou provoquée, du latex de caoutchouc naturel, ci- après appelé coagulum de caoutchouc naturel, comprend la matrice polyisoprène imbibée d'un sérum. Le coagulum peut être lavé pour éliminer les contaminants tels que les feuilles, les brindilles, le sable et autres débris, mais aussi il peut être déchiqueté sous forme de granulés (en anglais « crumbs »), lavé à l'eau dans des piscines, éventuellement essoré, et enfin séché pour éliminer l'eau. On dénombre plusieurs procédés de séchage utilisés pour éliminer l'eau du caoutchouc naturel, largement connus et pratiqués par l'homme du métier dans le domaine de la fabrication du caoutchouc naturel, notamment pour la fabrication des grades TSR3, TSR5, TSR10, TSR20 ou RSS. The spontaneous or induced coagulation product of natural rubber latex, hereinafter called natural rubber coagulum, comprises the polyisoprene matrix soaked in a serum. The coagulum can be washed to remove contaminants such as leaves, twigs, sand and other debris, but it can also be shredded in the form of granules (in English "crumbs"), washed with water in swimming pools, possibly wrung, and finally dried to remove the water. There are several drying processes used to remove water from natural rubber, widely known and practiced by those skilled in the art in the field of natural rubber manufacture, in particular for the manufacture of grades TSR3, TSR5, TSR10, TSR20 or RSS.
Au stockage, le caoutchouc naturel a tendance à durcir, et donc à perdre en plasticité. Cette perte de plasticité se traduit par une augmentation de sa viscosité Mooney. Il est connu de compenser ce durcissement du caoutchouc naturel, en abaissant la viscosité du caoutchouc naturel notamment par une plastification de ce caoutchouc naturel au moyen d'un travail mécanique dans un mélangeur interne. Mais ce procédé de plastification présente un coût énergétique important, de l'ordre de 140 kWh/t, et nécessite des investissements importants. In storage, natural rubber tends to harden, and therefore lose plasticity. This loss of plasticity results in an increase in its Mooney viscosity. It is known to compensate for this hardening of natural rubber, by lowering the viscosity of natural rubber in particular by plasticizing this natural rubber by means of mechanical work in an internal mixer. However, this plasticization process has a significant energy cost, of the order of 140 kWh / t, and requires significant investment.
Une solution alternative à la plastification pour minimiser le durcissement du caoutchouc naturel est la stabilisation du caoutchouc naturel qui consiste à traiter le caoutchouc naturel avec des stabilisants de viscosité. Les stabilisants de viscosité du caoutchouc naturel sont bien connus de l'homme du métier. On peut citer par exemple l'hydroxylamine, ses sels, les hydroxyalkylamines, leurs sels, le semicarbazide, la dimédone, les composés ayant une fonction triazole et les composés ayant une fonction hydrazide. La stabilisation du caoutchouc naturel peut être effectuée en phase latex, par injection des stabilisants dans le latex. Le traitement en phase latex présente cependant l'inconvénient de perdre du stabilisant dans les eaux de coagulation qui sont rejetées dans l'environnement, ces eaux de coagulation étant générées lors de la coagulation du latex pour récupérer le caoutchouc naturel. An alternative solution to plasticization to minimize the hardening of natural rubber is the stabilization of natural rubber which consists in treating natural rubber with viscosity stabilizers. The viscosity stabilizers of natural rubber are well known to those skilled in the art. Mention may be made, for example, of hydroxylamine, its salts, hydroxyalkylamines, their salts, semicarbazide, dimedone, the compounds having a triazole function and the compounds having a hydrazide function. The natural rubber can be stabilized in the latex phase, by injecting the stabilizers into the latex. The latex phase treatment however has the disadvantage of losing stabilizer in the coagulation waters which are discharged into the environment, these coagulation waters being generated during the coagulation of the latex in order to recover the natural rubber.
Il est également connu de traiter des crêpes ou des granulés de caoutchouc naturel humides par arrosage ou trempage avec des stabilisants. Ces crêpes ou granulés sont ensuite passés dans des extrudeuses et/ou mis directement dans les séchoirs. Cependant, le traitement des crêpes ou des granulés de caoutchouc naturel humides par arrosage ou trempage avec des stabilisants en solution présente l'inconvénient de perdre de la solution de stabilisant de viscosité lors du passage dans les crêpeuses ou dans les séchoirs, ce qui se traduit par des effluents aqueux chargés en stabilisants. De plus, pour l'arrosage, il est nécessaire de manipuler une grande quantité de stabilisant, par exemple de solutions d'hydroxylamines. It is also known to treat pancakes or wet natural rubber granules by watering or soaking with stabilizers. These pancakes or granules are then passed through extruders and / or placed directly in the dryers. However, the treatment of wet pancakes or natural rubber granules by watering or soaking with stabilizers in solution has the drawback of losing viscosity stabilizer solution when passing through the crepe makers or in the dryers, which results in by aqueous effluents loaded with stabilizers. In addition, for watering, it is necessary to handle a large amount of stabilizer, for example hydroxylamine solutions.
Il est aussi connu de traiter le caoutchouc naturel sec avec des stabilisants. Le caoutchouc naturel et le stabilisant sont mélangés dans des machines fournissant un travail mécanique et de la température, pour disperser et faire réagir le stabilisant avec le caoutchouc naturel. On peut citer par exemple les documents EP 0 950 485 et WO2015189365 qui décrivent de tels procédés. En particulier, le document WO2015189365 décrit l'ajout contrôlé d'un stabilisant de viscosité à un caoutchouc naturel sec en utilisant un ou plusieurs dispositifs de déchiquetage et d'homogénéisation comme un « prebreaker ». L'installation nécessaire au séchage du caoutchouc naturel et à sa stabilisation présente l'inconvénient de comporter plusieurs dispositifs conséquents en taille, en l'espèce ceux consacrés au séchage et ceux consacrés au traitement du caoutchouc naturel par le stabilisant de viscosité. Par ailleurs ces procédés qui mettent en œuvre de telles installations sont relativement énergivores de par la consommation propre aux dispositifs respectifs de séchage et de stabilisation pour apporter respectivement les calories nécessaires à l'élimination de l'eau et le travail mécanique nécessaire pour le déchiquetage et l'homogénéisation. It is also known to treat dry natural rubber with stabilizers. The natural rubber and the stabilizer are mixed in machines providing mechanical work and temperature, to disperse and react the stabilizer with the natural rubber. Mention may be made, for example, of documents EP 0 950 485 and WO2015189365 which describe such processes. In particular, the document WO2015189365 describes the controlled addition of a viscosity stabilizer to a dry natural rubber using one or more shredding and homogenization devices such as a "prebreaker". The installation necessary for the drying of natural rubber and for its stabilization has the disadvantage of comprising several devices which are substantial in size, in this case those devoted to drying and those devoted to the treatment of natural rubber by the viscosity stabilizer. Furthermore, these processes which implement such installations are relatively energy-consuming due to the consumption specific to the respective drying and stabilization devices in order respectively to supply the calories necessary for the elimination of water and the mechanical work necessary for shredding and homogenization.
Le document EP 0 950 485 divulgue aussi que le stabilisant de viscosité peut être ajouté au caoutchouc naturel avant son séchage qui est conduit à des températures de 100 à 140°C, mais ne précise pas les conditions de mise en œuvre de l'ajout. Document EP 0 950 485 also discloses that the viscosity stabilizer can be added to natural rubber before it is dried, which is carried out at temperatures of 100 to 140 ° C., but does not specify the conditions for carrying out the addition.
La Demanderesse a découvert un nouveau procédé qui permet l'obtention d'un caoutchouc naturel stabilisé par ajout d'un stabilisant de viscosité à un coagulum de caoutchouc naturel humide. Le procédé selon l'invention permet de maîtriser le taux de stabilisant ajouté dans le caoutchouc naturel et de minimiser la pollution des effluents par le stabilisant. Ce procédé présente aussi l'avantage d'être mis en œuvre dans une installation compacte. Il permet aussi de réduire la consommation énergétique, puisque l'étape de stabilisation est conduite dans la même installation, dans les mêmes conditions et en même temps que la réduction du taux d'humidité du caoutchouc naturel. The Applicant has discovered a new process which makes it possible to obtain a stabilized natural rubber by adding a viscosity stabilizer to a coagulum of wet natural rubber. The method according to the invention makes it possible to control the level of stabilizer added in the natural rubber and to minimize the pollution of the effluents by the stabilizer. This process also has the advantage of being implemented in a compact installation. It also makes it possible to reduce energy consumption, since the stabilization stage is carried out in the same installation, under the same conditions and at the same time as the reduction in the humidity of natural rubber.
Un premier objet de l'invention est un procédé de traitement d'un caoutchouc naturel qui comprend dans l'ordre les étapes a), b), c) et d) : A first object of the invention is a method for treating a natural rubber which comprises, in order, steps a), b), c) and d):
a) Alimenter une machine à vis sans fin avec un caoutchouc naturel sous la forme d'un coagulum humide, la machine à vis sans fin étant une extrudeuse qui comprend un fourreau et qui est équipée d'un dispositif d'injection qui comprend un ou plusieurs orifices débouchant dans le fourreau, dits points d'injection, et d'une filière à trous en bout de vis, a) Feeding a worm machine with natural rubber in the form of a wet coagulum, the worm machine being an extruder which comprises a sheath and which is equipped with an injection device which comprises one or more several orifices opening into the sheath, called injection points, and a die with holes at the end of the screw,
b) Injecter un stabilisant de viscosité dans le caoutchouc naturel par l'intermédiaire du dispositif d'injection, b) inject a viscosity stabilizer into the natural rubber by means of the injection device,
c) Comprimer dans le fourreau à une température allant de 130°C à 210°C le caoutchouc naturel obtenu à l'issue de l'étape b), c) compress the natural rubber obtained at the end of step b) in the barrel at a temperature ranging from 130 ° C. to 210 ° C.
d) Soumettre le caoutchouc naturel comprimé à une détente éclair adiabatique à une pression différentielle supérieure ou égale à 40 bars. d) Subject the compressed natural rubber to an adiabatic flash trigger at a differential pressure greater than or equal to 40 bars.
I. DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION : I. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
Tout intervalle de valeurs désigné par l'expression "entre a et b" représente le domaine de valeurs allant de plus de a à moins de b (c'est-à-dire bornes a et b exclues) tandis que tout intervalle de valeurs désigné par l'expression "de a à b" signifie le domaine de valeurs allant de a jusqu'à b (c'est-à-dire incluant les bornes strictes a et b). Sauf indication expresse différente, tous les pourcentages (%) indiqués sont des % en masse. Any range of values designated by the expression "between a and b" represents the range of values going from more than a to less than b (ie limits a and b excluded) while any range of values designated by the expression "from a to b" means the range of values going from a to b (that is to say including the strict limits a and b). Unless expressly indicated otherwise, all the percentages (%) indicated are% by mass.
Dans l'étape a) du procédé conforme à l'invention, on alimente une extrudeuse avec un coagulum de caoutchouc naturel humide. In step a) of the process according to the invention, an extruder is fed with a coagulum of wet natural rubber.
Le coagulum utilisé à l'étape a) est un produit de la coagulation du latex de caoutchouc naturel, indifféremment obtenu par une coagulation spontanée ou provoquée. De préférence, le coagulum est un fond de tasse. Dans la présente demande, on entend par latex de caoutchouc naturel le latex issu de la saignée de l'hévéa. The coagulum used in step a) is a product of the coagulation of natural rubber latex, either obtained by spontaneous or induced coagulation. Preferably, the coagulum is a bottom of a cup. In the present application, the term “natural rubber latex” means the latex resulting from the bleeding of the rubber tree.
Le coagulum est dit humide, car il est imbibé d'eau qui provient notamment des eaux de lavage résultant des opérations de lavage du coagulum telles que les opérations de décontamination, généralement conduites en piscine sous eau. Le coagulum utilisé à l'étape a) est de préférence un coagulum qui a subi des opérations de lavage. Il contient de préférence plus de 5% d'eau, notamment entre 5 et 40% d'eau, plus préférentiellement entre 8 et 25%, avantageusement entre 8 et 20%. Le pourcentage en eau est calculé par rapport à la masse totale de coagulum humide. Plus la teneur en eau s'approche de la plage avantageuse définie par l'intervalle entre 8 et 20%, plus le procédé de traitement selon l'invention est efficace du point de vue de la stabilisation de viscosité du caoutchouc naturel par rapport à la quantité de stabilisant de viscosité ajouté dans le procédé. The coagulum is said to be wet, because it is soaked with water which comes in particular from the washing water resulting from the washing operations of the coagulum such as the decontamination operations, generally carried out in a swimming pool under water. The coagulum used in step a) is preferably a coagulum which has undergone washing operations. It preferably contains more than 5% water, in particular between 5 and 40% water, more preferably between 8 and 25%, advantageously between 8 and 20%. The percentage of water is calculated relative to the total mass of wet coagulum. The more the water content approaches the advantageous range defined by the interval between 8 and 20%, the more the treatment process according to the invention is effective from the standpoint of viscosity stabilization of natural rubber relative to the amount of viscosity stabilizer added in the process.
Le coagulum humide peut se trouver sous la forme de granulés communément appelés crumbs ou de crêpes. De préférence, le coagulum utilisé à l'étape a) se présente sous la forme de granulés (en anglais « crumbs »), notamment pour faciliter son introduction dans l'extrudeuse par la trémie. De manière plus préférentielle, le coagulum utilisé à l'étape a) est sous la forme de granulés préalablement lavés à l'eau et par conséquent chargés en eau, notamment dans les teneurs indiquées plus haut. The wet coagulum can be in the form of granules commonly called crumbs or pancakes. Preferably, the coagulum used in step a) is in the form of granules (in English "crumbs"), in particular to facilitate its introduction into the extruder by the hopper. More preferably, the coagulum used in step a) is in the form of granules previously washed with water and therefore loaded with water, in particular in the contents indicated above.
De préférence, le coagulum dont il est disposé à l'étape a) est typiquement un coagulum qui a subi, préalablement à l'étape a), un travail de décontamination qui se décompose généralement en deux étapes, la décontamination primaire et la décontamination secondaire. Le coagulum recueilli après la saignée de l'hévéa contient très souvent des contaminants plus ou moins gros, tels que des feuilles, des brindilles, du sable et autres débris qui viennent contaminer le coagulum au cours de la récolte. Pour mener à bien la décontamination primaire qui a pour but d'éliminer les objets les plus gros, le coagulum est traditionnellement coupé et lavé dans des piscines d'eau. Dans la décontamination secondaire qui permet d'éliminer les contaminants les plus fins, le coagulum est traditionnellement déchiqueté, puis lavé à l'eau dans des piscines, ensuite acheminé par exemple dans des crêpeuses et shredders. La décontamination peut comprendre une étape de filtration du coagulum, notamment sous pression, par exemple dans un dispositif particulier qui comprend une extrudeuse et un moyen de filtration adapté et installé en sortie de l'extrudeuse. On peut par exemple se référer au procédé de filtration décrit dans la demande de brevet WO2016162645 ou à celui décrit dans la demande de brevet FR 17/55046. Un tel procédé permet d'éliminer les contaminants de taille supérieure à 1 mm, avantageusement supérieure à 500 pm, plus avantageusement supérieure à 100 pm. Preferably, the coagulum of which it is disposed in step a) is typically a coagulum which has undergone, prior to step a), a decontamination work which generally breaks down into two stages, the primary decontamination and the secondary decontamination . The coagulum collected after the bleeding of the rubber tree very often contains more or less large contaminants, such as leaves, twigs, sand and other debris which come to contaminate the coagulum during the harvest. To carry out the primary decontamination which aims to remove the largest objects, the coagulum is traditionally cut and washed in swimming pools of water. In secondary decontamination, which removes the finest contaminants, the coagulum is traditionally shredded, then washed with water in swimming pools, then routed, for example, into crepe makers and shredders. The decontamination may include a step of filtering the coagulum, in particular under pressure, for example in a particular device which comprises an extruder and a suitable filtration means installed at the outlet of the extruder. One can for example refer to the filtration process described in patent application WO2016162645 or to that described in patent application FR 17/55046. Such a method makes it possible to remove contaminants of size greater than 1 mm, advantageously greater than 500 μm, more advantageously greater than 100 μm.
L'extrudeuse utilisée à l'étape a) est typiquement une machine à vis sans fin qui comprend une entrée de matière dite trémie, un corps formé d'un cylindre (également appelé fourreau) dans lequel tourne une vis (une ou plusieurs) sans fin et une tête qui sert de support à une filière. Cette machine permet d'appliquer un séchage mécanique ou un séchage thermo-mécanique à un produit imbibé d'un liquide à éliminer par séchage. Le séchage mécanique permet l'élimination du liquide par des forces purement mécaniques (pressage, essorage, ...). Il peut se réaliser par simple transfert de quantité de mouvement et éventuellement sans transfert thermique. Le séchage thermo-mécanique est réalisé par échauffement communiqué au produit à sécher par dégradation de l'énergie mécanique. L'eau incluse dans le produit à sécher se trouve à l'état liquide sous pression et à haute température. Une libération des contraintes jusqu'alors exercées sur le caoutchouc naturel dans le fourreau a lieu en sortie de filière par la suppression de la compression, ce qui permet la détente éclair adiabatique en sortie de filière. A la sortie de la filière, la détente produite permet aussi de flasher l'humidité et le cas échéant, selon la viscosité du produit, de fragmenter le produit. The extruder used in step a) is typically a worm machine which comprises a material inlet known as a hopper, a body formed by a cylinder (also called a sleeve) in which a screw (one or more) turns without end and a head which supports a die. This machine makes it possible to apply mechanical drying or thermo-mechanical drying to a product soaked in a liquid to be removed by drying. Mechanical drying allows the elimination of the liquid by purely mechanical forces (pressing, spinning, ...). It can be achieved by simple transfer of momentum and possibly without thermal transfer. Thermomechanical drying is carried out by heating communicated to the product to be dried by degradation of mechanical energy. The water included in the product to be dried is in a liquid state under pressure and at high temperature. The stresses hitherto exerted on the natural rubber in the sheath are released at the outlet of the die by eliminating the compression, which allows adiabatic flash expansion at the outlet of the die. At the end of the sector, relaxation produced also allows to flash the humidity and if necessary, depending on the viscosity of the product, to fragment the product.
L'extrudeuse utile aux besoins de l'invention peut être une extrudeuse disponible sur le marché, notamment celles commercialisées par les sociétés Anderson, FOM et Welding, comme par exemple l'Expander d'Anderson, l'Extruder Dryer de FOM, le VCU de Welding. L'extrudeuse utile aux besoins de l'invention pour l'un quelconque des modes de réalisation de l'invention est de préférence une extrudeuse monovis. The extruder useful for the needs of the invention can be an extruder available on the market, in particular those sold by the companies Anderson, FOM and Welding, such as for example the Anderson Expander, the FOM Extruder Dryer, the VCU from Welding. The extruder useful for the needs of the invention for any of the embodiments of the invention is preferably a single-screw extruder.
Des variantes d'extrudeuses sont préférentielles en ce qu'elles permettent en sortie de filière d'atteindre des débits plus élevés en coagulum ou de favoriser la détente adiabatique. Une telle variante préférentielle est une extrudeuse dont le fourreau présente dans la zone d'alimentation de l'extrudeuse un (un ou plusieurs) moyen d'évacuation de l'eau (eau libre, sous forme liquide). Comme moyen d'évacuation, on peut citer des rainures dans l'épaisseur du fourreau qui débouchent sur la surface intérieure du fourreau, une ou plusieurs ouvertures dans la zone d'alimentation de l'extrudeuse, ouverture qui permet d'évacuer l'eau hors du fourreau. Ces ouvertures peuvent se présenter sous la forme de fente, de grille, de trou circulaire. La zone d'alimentation est la zone qui se trouve sous l'ouverture de la trémie. Variants of extruders are preferred in that they allow, at the outlet of the die, to achieve higher flow rates in the coagulum or to promote adiabatic relaxation. Such a preferred variant is an extruder whose sheath has in the feed zone of the extruder one (one or more) means for discharging water (free water, in liquid form). As means of evacuation, mention may be made of grooves in the thickness of the barrel which open onto the inner surface of the barrel, one or more openings in the feed zone of the extruder, an opening which makes it possible to evacuate water. out of the scabbard. These openings can be in the form of a slot, a grid, a circular hole. The feeding area is the area under the opening of the hopper.
Le fourreau porte de préférence sur tout ou partie de sa longueur des doigts qui s'étendent radialement vers l'intérieur du fourreau relativement à l'axe de rotation de la vis. De tels doigts sont disposés dans une zone qui est en aval de la zone d'alimentation dédiée à l'introduction du coagulum. Lorsque le fourreau porte des doigts qui s'étendent radialement vers l'intérieur du fourreau relativement à l'axe de rotation de la vis, le filet de la vis qui est hélicoïdal et qui s'étend radialement depuis un arbre central de la vis est interrompu de manière à former des espaces annulaires cylindriques dans lesquels sont disposés les doigts. De manière bien connue, une extrudeuse comporte une zone d'alimentation et une zone de mise en pression (zone de compression) dédiée à la montée en température et en pression du coagulum et localisée en aval de la zone d'alimentation. The sheath preferably has all or part of its length of the fingers which extend radially inward of the sheath relative to the axis of rotation of the screw. Such fingers are arranged in an area which is downstream of the feeding area dedicated to the introduction of the coagulum. When the sleeve carries fingers which extend radially inward of the sleeve relative to the axis of rotation of the screw, the thread of the screw which is helical and which extends radially from a central shaft of the screw is interrupted so as to form cylindrical annular spaces in which the fingers are arranged. As is well known, an extruder comprises a feed zone and a pressurization zone (compression zone) dedicated to the rise in temperature and pressure of the coagulum and located downstream of the feed zone.
Dans l'étape b), on introduit en continu un stabilisant de viscosité dans le caoutchouc naturel en injectant le stabilisant de viscosité dans le fourreau de l'extrudeuse. De préférence, le stabilisant de viscosité est injecté sous la forme d'une solution aqueuse. Le stabilisant de viscosité est réparti au sein du caoutchouc naturel sous l'effet des forces mécaniques exercées dans le fourreau pendant le fonctionnement de l'extrudeuse. L'ensemble formé par le caoutchouc naturel et le stabilisant de viscosité est homogénéisé au sein du fourreau par la fonction de malaxage également assuré par le fonctionnement de l'extrudeuse. Le malaxage peut être amélioré par la présence de doigts dans le fourreau qui s'étendent radialement vers l'intérieur du fourreau, les doigts pouvant être portés par le fourreau. L'élévation de température générée par le malaxage permet la réaction entre le stabilisant de viscosité et le caoutchouc naturel. Pour faciliter la réaction, on peut également élever la température du coagulum à l'intérieur du fourreau par l'intermédiaire d'une double enveloppe ou tout autre système de chauffage comme des résistances chauffantes équipant le fourreau et/ou par l'intermédiaire d'un système de chauffage incorporé dans la vis. Le stabilisant de viscosité est ajouté au caoutchouc naturel dans le fourreau en vue de stabiliser la viscosité du caoutchouc naturel produit par le procédé conforme à l'invention. In step b), a viscosity stabilizer is continuously introduced into the natural rubber by injecting the viscosity stabilizer into the barrel of the extruder. Preferably, the viscosity stabilizer is injected in the form of an aqueous solution. The viscosity stabilizer is distributed within the natural rubber under the effect of mechanical forces exerted in the sheath during the operation of the extruder. The assembly formed by natural rubber and the viscosity stabilizer is homogenized within the sheath by the kneading function also ensured by the operation of the extruder. The kneading can be improved by the presence of fingers in the sleeve which extend radially towards the inside of the sleeve, the fingers being able to be carried by the sleeve. The rise in temperature generated by the mixing allows the reaction between the viscosity stabilizer and natural rubber. To facilitate the reaction, it is also possible to raise the temperature of the coagulum inside the sheath by means of a double jacket or any other heating system such as heating resistors equipping the sheath and / or by means of a heating system incorporated in the screw. The viscosity stabilizer is added to the natural rubber in the sheath in order to stabilize the viscosity of the natural rubber produced by the process according to the invention.
Les stabilisants de viscosité pour stabiliser la viscosité du caoutchouc naturel sont bien connus de l'homme du métier du caoutchouc naturel. Ils permettent de réduire ou supprimer le temps de travail mécanique nécessaire à la plastification du caoutchouc naturel pour diminuer la viscosité du caoutchouc naturel. Cette plastification du caoutchouc naturel qui n'aurait pas été traité par un stabilisant de viscosité est généralement rendue nécessaire par le constat qu'un tel caoutchouc naturel a tendance à durcir au stockage. Le stabilisant de viscosité peut être un mélange de stabilisants de viscosité. Viscosity stabilizers for stabilizing the viscosity of natural rubber are well known to those skilled in the art of natural rubber. They make it possible to reduce or eliminate the mechanical working time necessary for the plasticization of natural rubber to reduce the viscosity of natural rubber. This plasticization of natural rubber which would not have been treated with a viscosity stabilizer is generally made necessary by the observation that such natural rubber tends to harden on storage. The viscosity stabilizer can be a mixture of viscosity stabilizers.
A titre de stabilisant de viscosité utile aux besoins de l'invention peut convenir tout composé connu pour stabiliser la viscosité du caoutchouc naturel. On peut citer par exemple l'hydroxylamine, ses sels, les hydroxyalkylamines, leurs sels, le semicarbazide, la dimédone, les composés ayant une fonction triazole et les composés ayant une fonction hydrazide. De préférence, le stabilisant de viscosité est la dimédone ou un composé dérivé de l'ammoniac choisi parmi les composés de formule XNH2 et leurs sels, où X est un groupe choisi parmi les groupes hydroxyle et hydroxyalkyle en Ci-C4 ou un mélange de ces composés. Le sel peut être un sel d'acide faible de composés de formule XNH2 ou un sel d'acide fort de composés de formule XNH2 éventuellement neutralisé avec une base forte. Pour la neutralisation avec une base forte, on peut par exemple se référer à la description de la demande de brevet W02017085109. De manière plus préférentielle, le stabilisant de viscosité est le sulfate d'hydroxylamine ou le sulfate d'hydroxylamine neutralisé avec la soude, très avantageusement le sulfate d'hydroxylamine. As a viscosity stabilizer useful for the needs of the invention, any compound known to stabilize the viscosity of natural rubber may be suitable. Mention may be made, for example, of hydroxylamine, its salts, hydroxyalkylamines, their salts, semicarbazide, dimedone, the compounds having a triazole function and the compounds having a hydrazide function. Preferably, the viscosity stabilizer is dimedone or a compound derived from ammonia chosen from the compounds of formula XNH 2 and their salts, where X is a group chosen from hydroxyl and C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl groups or a mixture of these compounds. The salt can be a weak acid salt of compounds of formula XNH 2 or a strong acid salt of compounds of formula XNH 2 optionally neutralized with a strong base. For neutralization with a strong base, one can for example refer to the description of patent application WO2017085109. More preferably, the viscosity stabilizer is hydroxylamine sulfate or hydroxylamine sulfate neutralized with sodium hydroxide, very advantageously hydroxylamine sulfate.
De préférence, le stabilisant de viscosité est ajouté à un taux allant de 2.4 mmoles à 24 mmoles, plus préférentiellement de 6 mmoles à 24 mmoles, encore plus préférentiellement de 8 mmoles à 18 mmoles équivalent de dimédone ou équivalent de XNH2 par kilogramme de caoutchouc naturel. Preferably, the viscosity stabilizer is added at a rate ranging from 2.4 mmol to 24 mmol, more preferably from 6 mmol to 24 mmol, even more preferably from 8 mmol to 18 mmol equivalent of dimedone or equivalent of XNH 2 per kilogram of rubber natural.
Pour permettre l'injection du stabilisant de viscosité dans le fourreau, l'extrudeuse utile aux besoins de l'invention est équipée d'un dispositif d'injection qui comprend un ou plusieurs orifices débouchant dans le fourreau. Les orifices dits points d'injection sont localisés de préférence en aval de la zone d'alimentation, préférentiellement dans une zone de compression en aval de la zone d'alimentation. L'injection en aval de la zone d'alimentation limite, voire supprime la part de stabilisant de viscosité qui ne serait pas incorporé dans le caoutchouc naturel, ce qui a pour effet d'augmenter l'efficacité du procédé vis-à-vis de la stabilisation du caoutchouc naturel. La localisation des points d'injection dans la zone de compression permet d'augmenter encore davantage l'efficacité du procédé en assurant une bonne incorporation du stabilisant de viscosité dans le caoutchouc naturel et un temps de contact suffisant entre le stabilisant de viscosité et le caoutchouc naturel avant la détente adiabatique. To allow the injection of the viscosity stabilizer into the sheath, the extruder useful for the needs of the invention is equipped with an injection device which comprises one or more orifices opening into the sheath. The orifices called injection points are preferably located downstream of the supply zone, preferably in a compression zone downstream of the supply zone. The injection downstream of the feed zone limits, or even removes, the part of viscosity stabilizer which would not be incorporated into the natural rubber, which has the effect of increasing the efficiency of the process with respect to the stabilization of natural rubber. The location of the injection points in the compression zone makes it possible to further increase the efficiency of the process by ensuring good incorporation of the viscosity stabilizer in the natural rubber and a sufficient contact time between the viscosity stabilizer and the rubber. natural before adiabatic relaxation.
De préférence, les points d'injection sont situés à l'extrémité radialement intérieure de doigts qui sont portés par le fourreau et qui s'étendent radialement vers l'intérieur du fourreau relativement à l'axe de rotation de la vis. En d'autres termes, chaque point d'injection est situé à l'extrémité radialement intérieure d'un doigt qui est porté par le fourreau et qui s'étend radialement vers l'intérieur du fourreau relativement à l'axe de rotation de la vis. Cette localisation des points d'injection permet d'assurer aussi une incorporation efficace du stabilisant de viscosité au cœur du caoutchouc naturel et contribue à une bonne répartition du stabilisant de viscosité dans le caoutchouc naturel. Preferably, the injection points are located at the radially inner end of the fingers which are carried by the sheath and which extend radially inward of the sheath relative to the axis of rotation of the screw. In other words, each injection point is located at the radially inner end of a finger which is carried by the sheath and which extends radially inward of the sheath relative to the axis of rotation of the screw. This location of the injection points also ensures effective incorporation of the viscosity stabilizer into the core of the natural rubber and contributes to a good distribution of the viscosity stabilizer in the natural rubber.
De manière plus préférentielle, les points d'injection sont situés dans des doigts portés par le fourreau et s'étendant radialement vers l'intérieur du fourreau relativement à l'axe de rotation de la vis, de tels doigts étant disposés dans la zone de compression. Cette localisation des points d'injection permet d'augmenter encore davantage l'efficacité du procédé en alliant les bénéfices apportés par la localisation dans les doigts et la localisation dans la zone de compression. More preferably, the injection points are located in fingers carried by the sleeve and extending radially inward of the sleeve relative to the axis of rotation of the screw, such fingers being arranged in the area of compression. This localization of the injection points makes it possible to further increase the efficiency of the process by combining the benefits provided by the localization in the fingers and the localization in the compression zone.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le fourreau porte un seul doigt s'étendant radialement vers l'intérieur du fourreau relativement à l'axe de rotation de la vis et à l'extrémité radialement intérieure duquel est localisé un point d'injection, sachant que le fourreau peut porter d'autres doigts s'étendant radialement vers l'intérieur du fourreau relativement à l'axe de rotation de la vis et à l'extrémité desquels il n'y a pas de point d'injection. Ces autres doigts favorisent le malaxage du caoutchouc naturel dans le fourreau et aident à mélanger le caoutchouc naturel et le stabilisant de viscosité. According to one embodiment of the invention, the sleeve carries a single finger extending radially inwardly of the sleeve relative to the axis of rotation of the screw and at the radially inner end of which is located a point of injection, knowing that the sleeve can carry other fingers extending radially inward of the sleeve relative to the axis of rotation of the screw and at the end of which there is no injection point. These other fingers help knead the natural rubber in the sheath and help mix the natural rubber and the viscosity stabilizer.
Typiquement, la pression au point d'injection, notamment à l'extrémité radialement intérieure du doigt, est supérieure à 0 bar relatif, ce qui traduit la présence de matière (coagulum de caoutchouc) au point d'injection et permet d'assurer que le stabilisant de viscosité est bien injecté au sein du caoutchouc naturel. Une injection du stabilisant de viscosité dans un espace du fourreau non rempli de caoutchouc naturel pourrait entraîner une perte d'efficacité du procédé. En effet, l'injection dans un espace vide favorise le risque d'entraînement d'une partie du stabilisant de viscosité avec les eaux extraites du coagulum. Elle favorise aussi le risque de décomposition d'une partie du stabilisant de viscosité sous l'effet de la chaleur dans le fourreau avant même sa mise en contact avec le caoutchouc naturel. Pour améliorer encore davantage l'efficacité du procédé, la pression au point d'injection est de préférence supérieure à la pression de vapeur saturante de l'eau à la température de celle du point d'injection. Typically, the pressure at the injection point, in particular at the radially inner end of the finger, is greater than 0 bar relative, which indicates the presence of material (rubber coagulum) at the injection point and makes it possible to ensure that the viscosity stabilizer is well injected into natural rubber. An injection of the viscosity stabilizer into a space in the barrel not filled with natural rubber could cause a loss of efficiency of the process. In fact, injection into an empty space promotes the risk of entraining part of the viscosity stabilizer with the water extracted from the coagulum. It also promotes the risk of decomposition of part of the viscosity stabilizer under the effect of heat in the sheath even before it comes into contact with natural rubber. To further improve the efficiency of the process, the pressure at the point injection is preferably greater than the saturated vapor pressure of water at the temperature of that of the injection point.
La réaction entre le stabilisant de viscosité et le caoutchouc naturel étant activée par la température, la température au point d'injection est préférentiellement supérieure ou égale à 100°C, plus préférentiellement de 130 à 210°C, encore plus préférentiellement de 150 à 210°C. Une température inférieure à 100°C ne permet pas une stabilisation aussi efficace, le rendement de la réaction étant moindre à ces températures comparativement aux températures supérieures à 100°C. Au-delà de 210°C, les chaînes polyisoprène du caoutchouc naturel peuvent se dégrader. The reaction between the viscosity stabilizer and the natural rubber being activated by the temperature, the temperature at the injection point is preferably greater than or equal to 100 ° C, more preferably from 130 to 210 ° C, even more preferably from 150 to 210 ° C. A temperature below 100 ° C does not allow such effective stabilization, the reaction yield being lower at these temperatures compared to temperatures above 100 ° C. Above 210 ° C, the polyisoprene chains of natural rubber can degrade.
Dans l'étape c), le caoutchouc naturel obtenu à l'issue de l'étape b) se trouve à l'état comprimé dans le fourreau. Cette compression est utile pour soumettre ultérieurement le caoutchouc naturel à une détente adiabatique. La pression à laquelle est comprimé le caoutchouc naturel doit être suffisante pour permettre une détente adiabatique à une pression différentielle d'au moins 40 bars. A la pression utile aux besoins de l'invention pour réaliser la compression, le caoutchouc naturel est porté à l'étape c) à une température allant de 130 à 210°C. Dans une machine à vis sans fin comme une extrudeuse, le travail mécanique sous forte pression s'accompagne d'un échauffement de la matière caoutchouteuse du coagulum, ce qui a pour effet d'augmenter la température du coagulum. En dessous de 130°C, le procédé n'est pas suffisamment efficace pour réduire le taux d'humidité du caoutchouc naturel. De préférence, la température est comprise entre 170°C et 210°C. De manière plus préférentielle, le caoutchouc naturel est comprimé à l'étape c) à une température comprise entre 180°C et 210°C. Ces conditions plus préférentielles de température permettent d'augmenter l'efficacité du procédé pour produire un caoutchouc naturel stabilisé avec une humidité résiduelle plus faible. Pour atteindre les températures utiles aux besoins de l'invention, des calories peuvent être aussi apportées en chauffant l'intérieur de la machine à vis tel que la vis ou le fourreau de l'extrudeuse par l'intermédiaire d'un système de chauffage comme une double enveloppe, des résistances chauffantes. In step c), the natural rubber obtained at the end of step b) is in the compressed state in the sheath. This compression is useful for subsequently subjecting natural rubber to adiabatic expansion. The pressure at which the natural rubber is compressed must be sufficient to allow adiabatic expansion at a differential pressure of at least 40 bar. At the pressure useful for the needs of the invention for carrying out the compression, the natural rubber is brought to step c) at a temperature ranging from 130 to 210 ° C. In a worm machine like an extruder, mechanical work under high pressure is accompanied by heating of the rubbery material of the coagulum, which has the effect of increasing the temperature of the coagulum. Below 130 ° C, the process is not effective enough to reduce the moisture content of natural rubber. Preferably, the temperature is between 170 ° C and 210 ° C. More preferably, the natural rubber is compressed in step c) at a temperature between 180 ° C and 210 ° C. These more preferential temperature conditions make it possible to increase the efficiency of the process for producing a stabilized natural rubber with a lower residual humidity. To reach the temperatures useful for the needs of the invention, calories can also be provided by heating the interior of the screw machine such as the screw or the barrel of the extruder by means of a heating system such as a double jacket, heating resistors.
La détente adiabatique réalisée à l'étape d) est caractérisée de détente éclair en ce qu'elle permet au caoutchouc naturel de passer d'un état comprimé à un état non comprimé de façon quasi immédiate, typiquement en un temps inférieur à la seconde. Elle est réalisée à une pression différentielle supérieure ou égale à 40 bars, en particulier à une pression différentielle de 40 à 80 bars. La détente étant adiabatique, la détente se produit à la température à laquelle a été réalisée la compression. En fin de détente, le coagulum est généralement à la pression atmosphérique et son taux d'humidité est réduit, notamment à une teneur inférieure à 5%, de préférence à une teneur inférieure à 3%. En sortie de filière, le caoutchouc naturel peut être découpé, puis conditionné ou alternativement découpé, séché davantage, puis conditionné. Le caoutchouc naturel peut être découpé en sortie de filière par un moyen qui est apte à découper le caoutchouc naturel et qui est disposé en aval de la filière. Le moyen apte à découper le caoutchouc naturel peut être un couteau ou un granulateur, de préférence un granulateur. The adiabatic expansion carried out in step d) is characterized by flash expansion in that it allows natural rubber to pass from a compressed state to an uncompressed state almost immediately, typically in less than a second. It is carried out at a differential pressure greater than or equal to 40 bars, in particular at a differential pressure of 40 to 80 bars. The expansion being adiabatic, the relaxation occurs at the temperature at which the compression was carried out. At the end of expansion, the coagulum is generally at atmospheric pressure and its humidity is reduced, in particular to a content of less than 5%, preferably to a content of less than 3%. At the end of the die, natural rubber can be cut, then packaged or alternatively cut, further dried, and then packaged. The natural rubber can be cut at the outlet of the die by a means which is capable of cutting the natural rubber and which is arranged downstream of the die. The means capable of cutting the natural rubber can be a knife or a granulator, preferably a granulator.
De préférence, le caoutchouc naturel récupéré en sortie de filière est séché par un séchage complémentaire pour réduire davantage son taux d'humidité résiduelle, notamment à un taux inférieur à 0.8%. Avant le séchage complémentaire, le caoutchouc naturel est avantageusement découpé en sortie de filière par un moyen qui est apte à découper le caoutchouc naturel et qui est disposé en aval de la filière. Le moyen apte à découper le caoutchouc naturel peut être un couteau ou un granulateur, de préférence un granulateur. L'état divisé sous lequel se trouve le caoutchouc naturel après avoir été découpé permet de rendre le séchage complémentaire plus performant. Preferably, the natural rubber recovered at the outlet of the die is dried by additional drying to further reduce its residual moisture level, in particular to a rate less than 0.8%. Before the additional drying, the natural rubber is advantageously cut at the outlet of the die by a means which is capable of cutting the natural rubber and which is arranged downstream of the die. The means capable of cutting the natural rubber can be a knife or a granulator, preferably a granulator. The divided state under which the natural rubber is found after having been cut makes it possible to make the additional drying more efficient.
Le temps de séchage est ajusté par l'homme du métier en fonction de la température de séchage et en fonction de la teneur en eau résiduelle dans le caoutchouc naturel à l'issue de l'étape d). Il est préférable d'appliquer un temps de séchage le plus court possible pour préserver la structure des chaînes polyisoprène du caoutchouc naturel et ses propriétés. C'est pourquoi, un temps de séchage inférieur à 10 minutes est recommandé et préféré. Pour obtenir un caoutchouc naturel contenant moins de 0.8% d'eau et considéré comme sec avec des temps de séchage aussi courts, le séchage est préférentiellement un séchage par convection. Tout moyen connu pour sécher par convection peut convenir. En particulier est préféré un lit fluidisé tel qu'un tamis vibrant à air chaud, dispositif connu et conventionnellement utilisé dans les procédés de fabrication de caoutchoucs synthétiques. Avantageusement, le caoutchouc naturel récupéré en sortie de filière est séché par un séchage complémentaire, de préférence par convection, de manière préférentielle au moyen d'un lit fluidisé, de manière plus préférentielle au moyen d'un tamis vibrant à air chaud. Le séchage convectif est réalisé de préférence sous air. Le séchage convectif sous air peut se faire à une température allant de 110°C à 180°C, de préférence à une température allant de 110°C à 130°C. The drying time is adjusted by a person skilled in the art as a function of the drying temperature and as a function of the residual water content in the natural rubber at the end of step d). It is preferable to apply the shortest possible drying time to preserve the structure and properties of the polyisoprene chains of natural rubber. Therefore, a drying time of less than 10 minutes is recommended and preferred. To obtain a natural rubber containing less than 0.8% water and considered to be dry with such short drying times, the drying is preferably a drying by convection. Any known means for drying by convection may be suitable. In particular, a fluidized bed is preferred, such as a vibrating screen with hot air, a device known and conventionally used in the processes for manufacturing synthetic rubbers. Advantageously, the natural rubber recovered at the outlet of the die is dried by additional drying, preferably by convection, preferably by means of a fluidized bed, more preferably by means of a vibrating screen with hot air. Convective drying is preferably carried out in air. Convective drying in air can be carried out at a temperature ranging from 110 ° C to 180 ° C, preferably at a temperature ranging from 110 ° C to 130 ° C.
Les caractéristiques précitées de la présente invention, ainsi que d'autres, seront mieux comprises à la lecture de la description suivante de plusieurs exemples de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre illustratif et non limitatif. The aforementioned characteristics of the present invention, as well as others, will be better understood on reading the following description of several exemplary embodiments of the invention, given by way of illustration and not limitation.
II. EXEMPLES DE REALISATION DE L'INVENTION II. EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Exemple 1 non conforme à l'invention : Example 1 not in accordance with the invention:
On alimente une extrudeuse d'un coagulum de fond de tasse sous la forme de granulés ayant une teneur en eau de 14%. L'extrudeuse est une extrudeuse monovis, elle est équipée d'une filière à trous en bout de vis et d'un granulateur disposé en sortie de filière. L'extrudeuse comporte une double enveloppe, son fourreau présente dans la zone d'alimentation des moyens d'évacuation d'eau. La vitesse de la vis est de 150 tour/min, la pression est de 61 bars, la température du coagulum est de 184°C, la température et la pression étant mesurées par des capteurs positionnés au plus près de la filière, entre la filière et l'extrémité de la vis la plus proche de la filière. A la sortie de l'extrudeuse, on récupère le caoutchouc naturel sous la forme de granulés qui sont ensuite séchés sur un tamis vibrant à air chaud à une température de 120°C pendant environ 5 minutes. Son taux d'humidité est inférieur à 0.8%. An extruder of a cup bottom coagulum is fed in the form of granules having a water content of 14%. The extruder is a single screw extruder, it is equipped a die with holes at the end of the screw and a granulator disposed at the die outlet. The extruder has a double envelope, its sheath present in the supply zone with means for discharging water. The screw speed is 150 rpm, the pressure is 61 bars, the temperature of the coagulum is 184 ° C, the temperature and the pressure being measured by sensors positioned as close as possible to the die, between the die and the end of the screw closest to the die. At the outlet of the extruder, the natural rubber is recovered in the form of granules which are then dried on a vibrating sieve with hot air at a temperature of 120 ° C for about 5 minutes. Its humidity is less than 0.8%.
On procède ensuite à l'arrosage du caoutchouc naturel avec une solution aqueuse de sulfate d'hydroxylamine préparé à 150 grammes de sulfate d'hydroxylamine par litre de solution. Une quantité massique de sulfate d'hydroxylamine par rapport au caoutchouc naturel, en pce de 0.08 est mis sur le NR, puis on introduit le caoutchouc naturel ainsi arrosé dans un dry prebreaker, la température du caoutchouc naturel dans le prebreaker étant de 110°C. Son taux d'humidité est inférieur à 0.8%. The natural rubber is then sprayed with an aqueous solution of hydroxylamine sulfate prepared with 150 grams of hydroxylamine sulfate per liter of solution. A mass quantity of hydroxylamine sulfate relative to natural rubber, in pce of 0.08, is put on the NR, then the natural rubber thus watered is introduced into a dry prebreaker, the temperature of the natural rubber in the prebreaker being 110 ° C. . Its humidity is less than 0.8%.
L'évolution du Mooney obtenu après deux mois de stockage à 25°C sous air ambiant est de + 1.6 points. The evolution of the Mooney obtained after two months of storage at 25 ° C in ambient air is + 1.6 points.
Exemple 2 conforme à l'invention : Example 2 according to the invention:
On alimente une extrudeuse d'un coagulum de fond de tasse sous la forme de granulés ayant une teneur en eau de 15%. L'extrudeuse est une extrudeuse monovis, elle est équipée d'une filière à trous en bout de vis et d'un granulateur disposé en sortie de filière. L'extrudeuse comporte une double enveloppe, son fourreau présente dans la zone d'alimentation des moyens d'évacuation d'eau. Elle est également équipée de trous pour injecter le stabilisant de viscosité. Un doigt selon l'invention est utilisé pour l'injection du stabilisant de viscosité et d'autres doigts sont installés entre le point d'injection et la filière pour favoriser le mélangeage entre le stabilisant de viscosité et le caoutchouc naturel. La vitesse de la vis est de 150 tour/min, la pression au point d'injection de la solution de sulfate d'hydroxylamine est de 11 bars, la température du coagulum au point d'injection est de 176°C. On procède en continu à l'injection d'une solution aqueuse de sulfate d'hydroxylamine préparé à 150 grammes de sulfate d'hydroxylamine par litre de solution dans l'extrudeuse au point d'injection. Une quantité massique de sulfate d'hydroxylamine par rapport au caoutchouc naturel sec, à raison de 0.08 partie en poids de sulfate d'hydroxylamine pour 100 parties en poids de caoutchouc naturel sec, est injectée en continu dans l'extrudeuse. A la sortie de l'extrudeuse, on récupère le caoutchouc naturel sous la forme de granulés qui sont ensuite séchés sur un tamis vibrant à air chaud à une température de 120°C pendant environ 5 minutes. Le taux d'humidité du caoutchouc naturel est inférieur à 0.8%. An extruder of a cup bottom coagulum is fed in the form of granules having a water content of 15%. The extruder is a single screw extruder, it is equipped with a die with holes at the end of the screw and a granulator disposed at the outlet of the die. The extruder has a double envelope, its sheath present in the supply zone with means for discharging water. It is also equipped with holes for injecting the viscosity stabilizer. A finger according to the invention is used for the injection of the viscosity stabilizer and other fingers are installed between the injection point and the die to promote mixing between the viscosity stabilizer and the natural rubber. The screw speed is 150 rpm, the pressure at the injection point of the hydroxylamine sulfate solution is 11 bars, the temperature of the coagulum at the injection point is 176 ° C. An aqueous solution of hydroxylamine sulfate prepared at 150 grams of hydroxylamine sulfate per liter of solution is injected continuously into the extruder at the injection site. A mass quantity of hydroxylamine sulfate relative to the dry natural rubber, in an amount of 0.08 part by weight of hydroxylamine sulfate per 100 parts by weight of dry natural rubber, is continuously injected into the extruder. At the outlet of the extruder, the natural rubber is recovered in the form of granules which are then dried on a vibrating sieve with hot air at a temperature of 120 ° C for about 5 minutes. The moisture content of natural rubber is less than 0.8%.
L'évolution du Mooney obtenu après deux mois de stockage à 25°C sous air ambiant est de + 2.2 points, ce qui correspond à une évolution équivalente à celle de l'exemple non conforme. Ainsi, le procédé conforme à l'invention permet une bonne maîtrise du taux de stabilisant introduit dans le caoutchouc naturel. The evolution of the Mooney obtained after two months of storage at 25 ° C in ambient air is + 2.2 points, which corresponds to an evolution equivalent to that of the non-conforming example. Thus, the process according to the invention allows good control of the level of stabilizer introduced into natural rubber.
Ainsi, le procédé conforme à l'invention permet de produire en continu un caoutchouc naturel stabilisé en menant dans une même machine, une extrudeuse, la réaction d'un stabilisant de viscosité avec un coagulum de caoutchouc naturel et une détente adiabatique permettant de réduire le taux d'humidité du caoutchouc naturel, tout en maîtrisant le taux de stabilisant introduit dans le caoutchouc naturel. Thus, the process according to the invention makes it possible to continuously produce a stabilized natural rubber by carrying out in the same machine, an extruder, the reaction of a viscosity stabilizer with a coagulum of natural rubber and an adiabatic expansion making it possible to reduce the moisture content of natural rubber, while controlling the level of stabilizer introduced into natural rubber.
Le procédé conforme à l'invention complété d'un séchage par convection permet aussi de produire un caoutchouc naturel à la fois stabilisé et sec dans une installation compacte qui se compose d'une extrudeuse et d'un lit fluidisé, ce qui permet de réduire la consommation énergétique par rapport à des procédés traditionnels faisant appel à des installations encombrantes comme les prebreakers. The process according to the invention supplemented by convection drying also makes it possible to produce a natural rubber which is both stabilized and dry in a compact installation which consists of an extruder and a fluidized bed, which makes it possible to reduce energy consumption compared to traditional processes using cumbersome installations such as prebreakers.
Le procédé conforme à l'invention peut aussi être combiné à une opération préalable de décontamination du coagulum. The process according to the invention can also be combined with a prior operation for decontaminating the coagulum.
Ainsi, le procédé conforme à l'invention s'avère un procédé simple et flexible tout en étant efficace pour stabiliser le caoutchouc naturel et réduire son taux d'humidité. Thus, the process according to the invention proves to be a simple and flexible process while being effective in stabilizing natural rubber and reducing its moisture content.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MYPI2021002447A MY208128A (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2019-11-07 | Method for processing natural rubber |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR1860353 | 2018-11-09 | ||
| FR1860353A FR3088230B3 (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2018-11-09 | PROCESS FOR TREATING A NATURAL RUBBER |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2020094992A1 true WO2020094992A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
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ID=68916484
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2019/052646 Ceased WO2020094992A1 (en) | 2018-11-09 | 2019-11-07 | Method for processing natural rubber |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR3088230B3 (en) |
| MY (1) | MY208128A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020094992A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022064144A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-31 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Method for processing natural rubber |
| WO2023198518A1 (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Method for decontaminating natural rubber by filtration of a wet coagulum of natural rubber |
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| EP0950485A1 (en) | 1998-04-13 | 1999-10-20 | Bridgestone Corporation | Production process for natural rubber and natural rubber obtained by the same process |
| EP2206730A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2010-07-14 | Bridgestone Corporation | Modified natural rubber, process for production of the same, and rubber composition and tire each comprising the same |
| JP2015117321A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | Natural rubber and method for producing the same |
| WO2015189365A1 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-17 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Method for preparing a natural rubber |
| WO2016162645A2 (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-13 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Removal of contaminants from wet natural rubber |
| WO2017085109A1 (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-26 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Process for preparing a stabilized natural rubber |
| FR3051795A1 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-01 | Michelin & Cie | PROCESS FOR DRYING NATURAL RUBBER |
| US20180194929A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2018-07-12 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Rubber Composition Containing Natural Rubber and Process for Stabilizing Viscosity and Suppressing Odors in Natural Rubber |
| US20180230243A1 (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2018-08-16 | Cooper Tire & Rubber Company | Guayule latex extrusion |
-
2018
- 2018-11-09 FR FR1860353A patent/FR3088230B3/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-11-07 MY MYPI2021002447A patent/MY208128A/en unknown
- 2019-11-07 WO PCT/FR2019/052646 patent/WO2020094992A1/en not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5693695A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1997-12-02 | Bridgestone Corporation | Natural rubber containing viscosity stabilizer and method for manufacturing the same |
| EP0950485A1 (en) | 1998-04-13 | 1999-10-20 | Bridgestone Corporation | Production process for natural rubber and natural rubber obtained by the same process |
| EP2206730A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2010-07-14 | Bridgestone Corporation | Modified natural rubber, process for production of the same, and rubber composition and tire each comprising the same |
| JP2015117321A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | Natural rubber and method for producing the same |
| US20180194929A1 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2018-07-12 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Rubber Composition Containing Natural Rubber and Process for Stabilizing Viscosity and Suppressing Odors in Natural Rubber |
| WO2015189365A1 (en) | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-17 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Method for preparing a natural rubber |
| WO2016162645A2 (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-13 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Removal of contaminants from wet natural rubber |
| WO2017085109A1 (en) | 2015-11-17 | 2017-05-26 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Process for preparing a stabilized natural rubber |
| FR3051795A1 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-01 | Michelin & Cie | PROCESS FOR DRYING NATURAL RUBBER |
| US20180230243A1 (en) * | 2017-02-13 | 2018-08-16 | Cooper Tire & Rubber Company | Guayule latex extrusion |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2022064144A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-31 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Method for processing natural rubber |
| FR3114591A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-04-01 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Process for treating natural rubber |
| WO2023198518A1 (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Method for decontaminating natural rubber by filtration of a wet coagulum of natural rubber |
| FR3134533A1 (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-20 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Process for decontaminating natural rubber by filtration of a moist coagulum of natural rubber. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3088230A3 (en) | 2020-05-15 |
| MY208128A (en) | 2025-04-17 |
| FR3088230B3 (en) | 2020-12-04 |
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