WO2020094560A1 - Method for calculating optimized machine-readable cutting curves for a laser cutting device - Google Patents
Method for calculating optimized machine-readable cutting curves for a laser cutting device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020094560A1 WO2020094560A1 PCT/EP2019/080083 EP2019080083W WO2020094560A1 WO 2020094560 A1 WO2020094560 A1 WO 2020094560A1 EP 2019080083 W EP2019080083 W EP 2019080083W WO 2020094560 A1 WO2020094560 A1 WO 2020094560A1
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- cutting
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- contour line
- laser
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
- B23K26/0838—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction by using an endless conveyor belt
- B23K26/0846—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction by using an endless conveyor belt for moving elongated workpieces longitudinally, e.g. wire or strip material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4093—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine
- G05B19/40937—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine concerning programming of machining or material parameters, pocket machining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"
- G06Q10/043—Optimisation of two dimensional placement, e.g. cutting of clothes or wood
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/04—Manufacturing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/36—Nc in input of data, input key till input tape
- G05B2219/36199—Laser cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/45—Nc applications
- G05B2219/45041—Laser cutting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for calculating optimized machine-readable cutting curves for at least one laser cutting device which can be moved in a transport direction and with which sheet metal blanks are cut from a sheet metal strip which is continuously conveyed in the transport direction.
- EP 2 961 561 B1 discloses a method for cutting a sheet metal blank with a predetermined contour from a sheet metal strip which is continuously conveyed in a transport direction by means of a transport device.
- the movements of the laser cutting device are controlled by means of a control in which machine-readable x (t) and machine-readable y (t) cutting curves correlated in time are stored.
- the programmer To produce a machine-readable cutting curve, the programmer usually starts from the drawing provided, which contains a data record describing a contour line of the sheet metal blank. The programmer then creates a cutting line corresponding to the contour line. The cutting line is generated based, among other things, on the experience of the programmer. The course of the cutting line can deviate slightly from the contour line. The start and end points are part of the cutting line. The programmer may also split the contour line into several sections. Resulting cutting line sections can also be cut by different moving laser cutting devices. After the completion of the cutting line or the cutting line sections, the data set is generated by the programmer.
- the data sets are typically available as conventional CNC files and are converted by a controller into machine-readable x (t) and y (t) cutting curves or traversing movements of the x and y axes.
- the cutting curves are corrected or adapted with regard to the transport speed of the sheet metal strip.
- the corrected cutting curves are then exported to the controller for controlling the laser cutting device.
- the conventional method requires some experience on the part of the programmer. To create the corrected cutting curves, it is necessary to create multiple files and export them to other programs. An optimization of a transport speed is only possible with a very high effort according to the conventional method.
- US Pat. No. 9,020,628 B2 describes a method for producing a large number of sheet metal blanks from a sheet metal accommodated on a laser cutting table.
- the method enables an optimal cutting path to be found
- US 9,031, 688 B2 discloses a nesting or nesting method for cutting boards by means of laser. With the nesting process, the boards to be cut are arranged so that there is as little waste as possible.
- a method for generating a cutting line is known from US Pat. No. 9,513,623 B2.
- the cutting line is created based on a contour line.
- the contour line is defined by a large number of successive points.
- the further points defining the cutting line are determined on the basis of the local costs of each point on the contour line. From this, an optimized sequence of cutting points is determined.
- the cutting curve is calculated using spline fits based on optimized cutting points.
- the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art.
- a method which is as quick and easy to carry out as possible for calculating optimized machine-readable cutting curves for at least one laser cutting device which can be moved in one transport direction for cutting sheet metal blanks from a sheet metal strip which is continuously conveyed in the transport direction is to be specified.
- a method for calculating optimized machine-readable cutting curves for at least one laser cutting device that can be moved along in a transport direction is proposed, with which sheet metal blanks are cut from a sheet metal strip that is continuously conveyed in the transport direction, with the following steps:
- At least one corresponding cutting line is initially calculated for the contour line using a predetermined first algorithm.
- the "contour line” is described as a two-dimensional geometric object in a data set.
- the data set defining the contour line is analyzed by means of the first algorithm, ie the contour line is scanned.
- a large number of data points lying thereon are generated for the contour line. Attributes, for example “laser on”, “laser off”, “distance of the cutting nozzle from the sheet surface” and the like, are assigned to the data points.
- an optimized cutting path can also be calculated using a fitting.
- the "cutting line” contains specific parameters for controlling the laser cutting devices.
- the cutting line has in particular a start and an end point.
- Algorithms for calculating cutting lines are known in the prior art, in particular for three-axis CNC machines. For example, reference is made to Zhang, Ke et al. "Cubic Spline Trajectory Generation with Axis Jerk and Tracking Error Constraints", International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, Vol. 14, No. 7, pp. 1141-1146 (July 2013).
- step b the contour line and the cutting line generated for this, along with their start and end points, are displayed on a screen.
- step c) on the basis of the cutting line, a machine-readable x (t) - and a machine-readable y (t) cutting curve for the laser cutting device, which is temporally correlated with it, are calculated for the laser cutting device. These cutting curves must subsequently be corrected using a transport speed specified for the sheet metal strip.
- step d the cutting time required for cutting along the cutting curves to produce a sheet metal blank is calculated.
- the cutting time and / or a resulting production rate and / or a transport speed of the sheet metal strip is then displayed.
- the user is automatically provided with a proposal for a cutting line and a position of the start and end points on the basis of a provided contour line.
- the machine-readable cutting curves corresponding to the cutting line are also calculated and a cutting duration, production rate and / or transport speed resulting from the cutting curves are displayed.
- step f) To optimize the cutting curves, it is now possible according to step f) to change the number and / or the position of the start and / or end points.
- the user can do this, for example, by moving the position of the starting and / or ending points on the screen.
- the user can also change the course of the cutting line. For example, he can change an angular cutting line to a rounded cutting line.
- On the user side it is also possible to divide the cutting line into several cutting line sections. -
- the change of at least one of the parameters according to step f) can also take place automatically according to a predetermined algorithm. Steps b) to e) can then be carried out again on the basis of the changed cutting line.
- the cutting line changed by the user immediately results in a corresponding cutting time, production rate and / or transport speed using the method according to the invention.
- the user can immediately see whether the change in the cutting line z. B. would result in an increase in the production rate. This makes it quick and easy to increase z. B. the production rate to provide optimized cutting curves.
- the corresponding cutting curves can immediately be exported to a controller for controlling the laser cutting device.
- the production rate for the sheet metal blanks can be calculated and displayed on the basis of the production time of the cutting curve that requires the longest cutting time. For example, it can be specified how many sheet metal blanks can be produced per minute or per hour using the optimized cutting curves.
- the transport speed can be calculated from a quotient of a pitch length of the metal strip and the cutting time.
- the production rate can be calculated from the quotient of a division length and the transport speed.
- pitch length is understood to mean a section of the sheet metal strip in the transport direction or x-direction in which the calculated cutting curves are repeated. One or more identical sheet metal plates are therefore repeatedly produced in each section.
- the contour line can be smoothed according to a predetermined function before step a). Furthermore, one or more gaps in the contour line can be closed before step a). This ensures that a cutting line or cutting line sections is calculated without errors from the contour line using the first algorithm.
- the number of laser cutting devices and, for each of the laser cutting devices, the number of laser cutting devices Cutting field coordinates defining the work area are specified.
- the number and the working range of the laser cutting devices can be taken into account in the calculation using the first algorithm.
- Each of the laser cutting devices can be moved back and forth both in the transport direction and in the y direction running perpendicular thereto.
- the working area of each laser cutting device is defined by its freedom of movement in the transport direction and in the y direction.
- the contour line can be divided into a plurality of contour line sections in step a). Corresponding cutting line sections can then be calculated for the contour line sections by means of the first algorithm.
- each cutting line section can then be assigned exactly to one of the laser cutting devices.
- machine-readable x (t) and time-correlated machine-readable y (t) cutting curves can be calculated for each of the laser cutting devices on the basis of the respective cutting line sections according to the predetermined second algorithm.
- Cutting curves taking into account a cutting speed and / or cutting direction and / or cutting sequence, are calculated in such a way that the cutting line sections are cut simultaneously and without collisions by means of the laser cutting devices. Even if the cutting line sections initially produced are largely matched to one another in terms of their production time by means of the first algorithm, further use of the second algorithm for calculating the machine-readable cutting curves may result in differences in the production time again. This is due, for example, to the inertia of the cutting tools, for example when braking or accelerating in the area of a tight curve. According to the aforementioned embodiment, the cutting curves are calculated so that the laser cutting devices can always cut the corresponding cutting line sections simultaneously and without collisions.
- a speed of the cutting head of the respective laser cutting device is displayed over time for the cutting line or for each cutting line section on the basis of the cutting curves calculated for this. From such a representation, the manufacturing time for each of the cutting line sections can be recognized immediately.
- the proposed representation gives the user an indication of how, in all likelihood, the transport speed can be further optimized by changing the parameters in step f).
- the x and y coordinates of the contour and / or cutting line or the contour and / or cutting line section can also be represented two-dimensionally in a diagram, in each case in correlation to the display of the speed and / or the acceleration and / or the time utilization of the laser cutting devices. This is for the user z.
- the contour and / or cutting line or the contour and / or cutting line section runs in a top view of the sheet metal strip. It can be seen from this whether the laser cutting device runs through a simple or rather complex path when executing the respective cutting curve.
- a data record describing the at least one cutting curve is transmitted to a controller for controlling the at least one laser cutting device.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out on a computer which is appropriately prepared for carrying it out, for example a personal computer.
- the at least one cutting curve generated with the method according to the invention can then be exported in a conventional manner to a control or machine control of the laser cutting device.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously already be used in the design of the contour line. This means that it can be quickly and easily recognized whether a certain contour line enables a corresponding sheet metal patina to be quickly and easily set.
- Fig. 1 is a flow chart
- 2.1 to 2.1 1 are schematic screen representations according to the method steps according to FIG. 1,
- Fig. 4 shows the positioning of two differently divided
- Fig. 5 shows the positioning rates of two differently designed
- Cutting lines. 1 shows an example of the method according to the invention in a flowchart.
- a data record is imported which reproduces a contour line K of the sheet metal blank to be produced.
- Such a data record can be in DXF format, for example.
- 2.1 to 2.11 and 3.1 to 3.7 illustrate the method steps according to FIG. 1 on the basis of screen displays.
- contour line K is interrupted or has a discontinuous course. Interruptions in the contour line K can be closed by manual processing by the user. Furthermore, undesired discontinuities in the course of the curve, for. B. can be smoothed by using a specified function.
- contour line K is to be cut by means of a plurality of laser cutting devices, the contour line K is now advantageously subdivided into contour line sections K1 ... K6.
- reference numerals U1 ... U6 denote subdivisions which define the contour line sections K1 ... K6.
- the contour line sections K1 ... K6 can then be assigned to groups. Each of the groups is in turn assigned one of the laser cutting devices L1, L2, L3. The assignment of the contour line sections K1 ... K6 is shown schematically in FIGS. 2.4 to 2.6.
- Corresponding cutting line sections S1 ... S6 are then generated on the basis of the generated contour line sections K1 ... K6 using a second algorithm.
- the data records which describe the cutting line sections S1 ... S6 contain parameters for controlling the laser cutting devices L1, L2, L3. In particular, they contain start points A1 ... A6 and end points E1 ... E6, at which a laser of the respective laser cutting device L1,
- the aforementioned cutting curves M1, M2 are also referred to as cam disks. They contain all the parameters required to control the respective laser cutting device L1, L2, L3. Machine-readable x (t) and y (t) cutting curves M1, M2 for the second laser cutting device L2 are shown schematically in FIGS. 2.10 and 2.11.
- the cutting time T1, T2, T3 is then calculated on the basis of the cutting curves M1, M2 for each of the laser cutting devices L1, L2, L3.
- the cutting curves M1, M2 require the longest cutting time T2 for the second laser cutting device L2.
- the longest cutting time T2 in turn determines the production rate of the sheet metal to be produced.
- a high production rate can be achieved if the cutting times T1, T2, T3 of the laser cutting devices L1, L2, L3 are approximately of the same length.
- T 1, T2, T3 it is now possible according to the method according to the invention to subdivide the contour line K and / or to change the course of the contour line K slightly.
- a subdivision namely the subdivision points U1, U2, is omitted (see FIG. 3.3).
- Contour line sections K1 'and K6' for the first L1 and for the third laser cutting device L3 are extended at the right end.
- additional ones are created using the first algorithm
- Cutting lines (not shown here) and from this further machine-readable x (t) and y (t) cutting curves M1 ', M2' are calculated using the second algorithm. Further cutting times T1 ', T2', T3 'corresponding to each of the laser cutting devices L1, L2, L3 are in turn calculated from the further cutting curves M1', M2 '(see FIG. 3.7). In the present example, Allowing a division of the contour line sections for the second laser cutting device L2 reduces the further second cutting time T2 'for the second laser cutting device L2. The production rate can thus be increased.
- L2, L3 can be exported.
- K1 a denotes a first contour line section which is to be cut with a first laser cutting device L1.
- K2a denotes a second contour line section which is to be cut with the second laser cutting device L2.
- FIG. 5 shows the change in the production rate when the contour line is smoothed.
- the contour line formed from the contour line sections K1a and K2a has several corners.
- a production rate of 10 parts / minute results when producing sheet metal blanks according to the original contour line. If the corners are removed from the contour line, ie a modified contour line is defined according to the further first contour line sections K1'a and K2'a, there is an increased production rate of 12 parts / minute.
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Abstract
Description
Verfahren zum Berechnen optimierter maschinenlesbarer Schneidkurven für eine Laserschneideinrichtung Method for calculating optimized machine-readable cutting curves for a laser cutting device
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Berechnen optimierter maschinenlesbarer Schneidkurven für zumindest eine in einer Transportrichtung mitlaufend beweg- bare Laserschneideinrichtung, mit welcher Blechplatinen aus einem kontinuierlich in der Transportrichtung geförderten Blechband geschnitten werden. The invention relates to a method for calculating optimized machine-readable cutting curves for at least one laser cutting device which can be moved in a transport direction and with which sheet metal blanks are cut from a sheet metal strip which is continuously conveyed in the transport direction.
Die EP 2 961 561 B1 offenbart ein Verfahren zum Schneiden einer Blechplatine mit einer vorgegebenen Kontur aus einem kontinuierlich mittels einer Transport- einrichtung in einer Transportrichtung geförderten Blechband. Die Bewegungen der Laserschneideinrichtung werden mittels einer Steuerung gesteuert, in der ma- schinenlesbare x(t)- und zeitlich dazu korrelierte maschinenlesbare y(t)-Schneid- kurven hinterlegt sind. EP 2 961 561 B1 discloses a method for cutting a sheet metal blank with a predetermined contour from a sheet metal strip which is continuously conveyed in a transport direction by means of a transport device. The movements of the laser cutting device are controlled by means of a control in which machine-readable x (t) and machine-readable y (t) cutting curves correlated in time are stored.
Die Erzeugung maschinenlesbarer Schneidkurven ist nach dem Stand der Technik aufwändig. Zur Herstellung einer maschinenlesbaren Schneidkurve geht der Pro- grammierer üblicherweise von der bereitgestellten Zeichnung aus, welche einen eine Konturlinie der Blechplatine beschreibenden Datensatz enthält. Der Program- mierer erzeugt sodann eine zur Konturlinie korrespondierende Schneidlinie. Die Erzeugung der Schneidlinie erfolgt u. a. auf der Grundlage von Erfahrungen des Programmierers. Die Schneidlinie kann in ihrem Verlauf geringfügig von der Kon- turlinie abweichen. Bestandteil der Schneidlinie sind die Anfangs- und Endpunkte. Es kann auch sein, dass die Konturlinie seitens des Programmierers in mehrere Abschnitte unterteilt wird. Daraus sich ergebende Schneidlinienabschnitte können auch von unterschiedlichen mitlaufend bewegten Laserschneideinrichtungen ge- schnitten werden. Nach der Fertigstellung der Schneidlinie bzw. der Schneidlinien- abschnitte werden seitens des Programmierers entsprechende Datensätze er- zeugt. Die Datensätze liegen typischerweise als herkömmliche CNC-Dateien vor und werden von einer Steuerung in maschinenlesbare x(t)- und y(t)-Schneidkur- ven bzw. Verfahrbewegungen der x- und y-Achsen umgewandelt. In einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt werden die Schneidkurven im Hinblick auf die Trans- portgeschwind igkeit des Blechbands korrigiert bzw. angepasst. Die korrigierten Schneidkurven werden sodann an die Steuerung zum Steuern der Laserschneide- inrichtung exportiert. The generation of machine-readable cutting curves is complex according to the prior art. To produce a machine-readable cutting curve, the programmer usually starts from the drawing provided, which contains a data record describing a contour line of the sheet metal blank. The programmer then creates a cutting line corresponding to the contour line. The cutting line is generated based, among other things, on the experience of the programmer. The course of the cutting line can deviate slightly from the contour line. The start and end points are part of the cutting line. The programmer may also split the contour line into several sections. Resulting cutting line sections can also be cut by different moving laser cutting devices. After the completion of the cutting line or the cutting line sections, the data set is generated by the programmer. The data sets are typically available as conventional CNC files and are converted by a controller into machine-readable x (t) and y (t) cutting curves or traversing movements of the x and y axes. In one In a further process step, the cutting curves are corrected or adapted with regard to the transport speed of the sheet metal strip. The corrected cutting curves are then exported to the controller for controlling the laser cutting device.
Das herkömmliche Verfahren erfordert seitens des Programmierers einige Erfah- rung. Zur Herstellung der korrigierten Schneidkurven ist es erforderlich, mehrfach Dateien zu erzeugen und in andere Programme zu exportieren. Eine Optimierung einer Transportgeschwindigkeit ist nach dem herkömmlichen Verfahren nur mit ei- nem sehr hohen Aufwand möglich. The conventional method requires some experience on the part of the programmer. To create the corrected cutting curves, it is necessary to create multiple files and export them to other programs. An optimization of a transport speed is only possible with a very high effort according to the conventional method.
Die DE 11 2014 001 862 T5 offenbart ein Verfahren zum Generieren eines NC- Programms. Das NC-Programm ermöglicht eine Laserbearbeitung in einer kurzen Zeit. Bearbeitungsdefekte werden vermieden. DE 11 2014 001 862 T5 discloses a method for generating an NC program. The NC program enables laser processing in a short time. Machining defects are avoided.
Die US 9,020,628 B2 beschreibt ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Vielzahl von Blechplatinen aus einem auf einem Laserschneidtisch aufgenommenen Blech.US Pat. No. 9,020,628 B2 describes a method for producing a large number of sheet metal blanks from a sheet metal accommodated on a laser cutting table.
Das Verfahren ermöglicht das Auffinden eines optimalen Schneidwegs zum The method enables an optimal cutting path to be found
Schneiden der Vielzahl der Blechplatinen. Cutting the large number of sheet metal blanks.
Die US 9,031 ,688 B2 offenbart ein Nesting- bzw. Verschachtelungsverfahren zum Schneiden von Platinen mittels Laser. Mit dem Nesting-Verfahren werden die zu schneidenden Platinen so angeordnet, dass möglichst wenig Verschnitt entsteht. US 9,031, 688 B2 discloses a nesting or nesting method for cutting boards by means of laser. With the nesting process, the boards to be cut are arranged so that there is as little waste as possible.
Aus der US 9,513,623 B2 ist ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Schneidlinie be- kannt. Die Schneidlinie wird ausgehend von einer Konturlinie erzeugt. Die Konturli- nie ist durch eine Vielzahl aufeinanderfolgender Punkte definiert. Die Ermittlung der die Schneidlinie definierenden weiteren Punkte erfolgt auf der Grundlage der lokalen Kosten jedes Punkts der Konturlinie. Es wird daraus eine optimierte Ab- folge von Schneidpunkten ermittelt. Die Schneidkurve wird mittels Splinefits auf der Grundlage optimierter Schneidpunkte berechnet. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Nachteile nach dem Stand der Technik zu besei- tigen. Es soll insbesondere ein möglichst schnell und einfach durchführbares Ver- fahren zum Berechnen optimierter maschinenlesbarer Schneidkurven für zumin- dest eine in einer Transportrichtung mitlaufend bewegbare Laserschneideinrich- tung zum Schneiden von Blechplatinen aus einem kontinuierlich in der Transport- richtung geförderten Blechband angegeben werden. A method for generating a cutting line is known from US Pat. No. 9,513,623 B2. The cutting line is created based on a contour line. The contour line is defined by a large number of successive points. The further points defining the cutting line are determined on the basis of the local costs of each point on the contour line. From this, an optimized sequence of cutting points is determined. The cutting curve is calculated using spline fits based on optimized cutting points. The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a method which is as quick and easy to carry out as possible for calculating optimized machine-readable cutting curves for at least one laser cutting device which can be moved in one transport direction for cutting sheet metal blanks from a sheet metal strip which is continuously conveyed in the transport direction is to be specified.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Zweckmä- ßige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Patent- ansprüche 2 bis 15. This object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1. Expedient refinements of the invention result from the features of patent claims 2 to 15.
Nach Maßgabe der Erfindung wird ein Verfahren zum Berechnen optimierter ma- schinenlesbarer Schneidkurven für zumindest eine in einer Transportrichtung mit- laufend bewegbare Laserschneideinrichtung vorgeschlagen, mit welcher Blechpla- tinen aus einem kontinuierlich in der Transportrichtung geförderten Blechband ge- schnitten werden, mit folgenden Schritten: According to the invention, a method for calculating optimized machine-readable cutting curves for at least one laser cutting device that can be moved along in a transport direction is proposed, with which sheet metal blanks are cut from a sheet metal strip that is continuously conveyed in the transport direction, with the following steps:
Übergeben eines eine Konturlinie der Blechplatine beschreibenden Datensatzes an einen mit einem Computerprogramm versehenen Computer, wobei mittels des Computerprogramms die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt wer- den: a) Berechnen zumindest einer zur Konturlinie korrespondierenden Schneidli nie nach einem vorgegebenen ersten Algorithmus, Transferring a data record describing a contour line of the sheet metal blank to a computer provided with a computer program, the following steps being carried out by means of the computer program: a) never calculating at least one cutting line corresponding to the contour line according to a predetermined first algorithm,
b) Anzeigen der Konturlinie und/oder der Schneidlinie mit deren Anfangs- und Endpunkten, b) displaying the contour line and / or the cutting line with their start and end points,
c) Berechnen zumindest einer maschinenlesbaren x(t)- und einer zeitlich dazu korrelierten maschinenlesbaren y(t)-Schneidkurve für die Laserschneidein- richtung auf der Grundlage der Schneidlinie nach einem vorgegebenen zweiten Algorithmus, d) Berechnen einer für das Schneiden entlang der Schneidkurve erforderli- chen Schneiddauer zur Herstellung einer Blechplatine, und c) calculating at least one machine-readable x (t) and a time-correlated machine-readable y (t) cutting curve for the laser cutting device on the basis of the cutting line according to a predetermined second algorithm, d) calculating a cutting time required for cutting along the cutting curve in order to produce a sheet metal blank, and
e) Anzeige einer Schneiddauer und/oder einer sich daraus ergebenden Her- stellungsrate und/oder einer Transportgeschwindigkeit des Blechbands, wobei zur Optimierung der Schneidkurve die folgenden weiteren Schritte durchge- führt werden: f) Ändern zumindest eines der folgenden Parameter: Anzahl der Anfangs- und/oder Endpunkte, Lage der Anfangs- und/oder Endpunkte, Verlauf der Schneidlinie und nachfolgend e) display of a cutting time and / or a resulting production rate and / or a transport speed of the sheet metal strip, the following further steps being carried out to optimize the cutting curve: f) changing at least one of the following parameters: number of initial and / or end points, position of the start and / or end points, course of the cutting line and subsequently
g) Wiederholung der Schritte b) bis e). g) repetition of steps b) to e).
Nach dem Schritt a) wird zur Konturlinie zunächst mittels eines vorgegebenen ers- ten Algorithmus zumindest eine korrespondierende Schneidlinie berechnet. Die "Konturlinie" wird als zweidimensionales geometrisches Objekt in einem Datensatz beschrieben. Mittels des ersten Algorithmus wird der die Konturlinie definierende Datensatz analysiert, d. h. die Konturlinie wird abgetastet. Zur Konturlinie werden eine Vielzahl darauf liegender Datenpunkte erzeugt. Den Datenpunkten werden Attribute, beispielsweise "Laser ein", "Laser aus", "Abstand der Schneiddüse zur Blechoberfläche" und dgl ., zugeordnet. Auf der Grundlage der Datenpunkte kann ferner ein optimierter Schneidwegverlauf mittels Fitting berechnet werden. Die "Schneidlinie" enthält im Vergleich zur "Konturlinie" spezifische Parameter zur Steuerung der Laserschneideinrichtungen. Die Schneidlinie weist insbesondere ei- nen Anfangs- und einen Endpunkt auf. Algorithmen zur Berechnung von Schneidli- nien sind nach dem Stand der Technik insbesondere für dreiachsige CNC-Ma- schinen bekannt. Es wird dazu beispielhaft verwiesen auf Zhang, Ke et al. "Cubic Spline Trajectory Generation with Axis Jerk and Tracking Error Constraints", Inter- national Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, Vol. 14, No. 7, pp. 1141 -1146 (July 2013). Beim Schritt b) wird die Konturlinie sowie die dazu erzeugte Schneidlinie samt de- ren Anfangs- und Endpunkten auf einem Bildschirm angezeigt. After step a), at least one corresponding cutting line is initially calculated for the contour line using a predetermined first algorithm. The "contour line" is described as a two-dimensional geometric object in a data set. The data set defining the contour line is analyzed by means of the first algorithm, ie the contour line is scanned. A large number of data points lying thereon are generated for the contour line. Attributes, for example "laser on", "laser off", "distance of the cutting nozzle from the sheet surface" and the like, are assigned to the data points. Based on the data points, an optimized cutting path can also be calculated using a fitting. In comparison to the "contour line", the "cutting line" contains specific parameters for controlling the laser cutting devices. The cutting line has in particular a start and an end point. Algorithms for calculating cutting lines are known in the prior art, in particular for three-axis CNC machines. For example, reference is made to Zhang, Ke et al. "Cubic Spline Trajectory Generation with Axis Jerk and Tracking Error Constraints", International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, Vol. 14, No. 7, pp. 1141-1146 (July 2013). In step b), the contour line and the cutting line generated for this, along with their start and end points, are displayed on a screen.
Beim Schritt c) wird auf der Grundlage der Schneidlinie nach einem vorgegebenen zweiten Algorithmus eine maschinenlesbare x(t)- und eine dazu zeitlich korrelierte maschinenlesbare y(t)-Schneidkurve für die Laserschneideinrichtung berechnet. Diese Schneidkurven müssen nachfolgend noch unter Verwendung einer für das Blechband vorgegebenen Transportgeschwindigkeit korrigiert werden. In step c), on the basis of the cutting line, a machine-readable x (t) - and a machine-readable y (t) cutting curve for the laser cutting device, which is temporally correlated with it, are calculated for the laser cutting device. These cutting curves must subsequently be corrected using a transport speed specified for the sheet metal strip.
Beim Schritt d) wird die für das Schneiden entlang der Schneidkurven erforderli- che Schneiddauer zur Herstellung einer Blechplatine berechnet. Nachfolgend wird die Schneiddauer und/oder eine sich daraus ergebende Herstellungsrate und/oder eine Transportgeschwindigkeit des Blechbands angezeigt. In step d), the cutting time required for cutting along the cutting curves to produce a sheet metal blank is calculated. The cutting time and / or a resulting production rate and / or a transport speed of the sheet metal strip is then displayed.
Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird dem Benutzer auf der Grundlage einer bereitgestellten Konturlinie also automatisch ein Vorschlag für eine Schneid- linie sowie eine Lage der Anfangs- und Endpunkte bereitgestellt. Es werden ferner die zur Schneidlinie korrespondierenden maschinenlesbaren Schneidkurven be- rechnet und eine sich aus den Schneidkurven ergebende Schneiddauer, Herstel- lungsrate und/oder Transportgeschwindigkeit angezeigt. According to the method according to the invention, the user is automatically provided with a proposal for a cutting line and a position of the start and end points on the basis of a provided contour line. The machine-readable cutting curves corresponding to the cutting line are also calculated and a cutting duration, production rate and / or transport speed resulting from the cutting curves are displayed.
Zur Optimierung der Schneidkurven ist es nun gemäß dem Schritt f) möglich, die Anzahl und/oder die Lage der Anfangs- und/oder Endpunkte, zu ändern. Das kann durch den Benutzer beispielsweise durch Verschieben der Lage der Anfangs- und/oder Endpunkte auf dem Bildschirm erfolgen. Ferner kann der Benutzer den Verlauf der Schneidlinie ändern. Er kann beispielsweise eine eckige Schneidlinie in eine gerundete Schneidlinie ändern. Benutzerseitig ist es auch möglich, die Schneidlinie in mehrere Schneidlinienabschnitte zu unterteilen. - Die Änderung zu- mindest eines der Parameter gemäß Schritt f) kann aber auch automatisch nach einem vorgegebenen Algorithmus erfolgen. Auf der Grundlage der geänderten Schneidlinie können sodann die Schritte b) bis e) nochmals durchgeführt werden. Zur benutzerseitig geänderten Schneidlinie ergibt sich nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sogleich eine korrespondie- rende Schneiddauer, Herstellungsrate und/oder Transportgeschwindigkeit. Der Benutzer kann sofort erkennen, ob die Änderung der Schneidlinie z. B. eine Erhö- hung der Herstellungsrate zur Folge hätte. Damit gelingt es schnell und einfach, im Hinblick auf eine Erhöhung z. B. der Herstellungsrate optimierte Schneidkurven bereitzustellen. Die entsprechenden Schneidkurven können sogleich in eine Steu- erung zum Steuern der Laserschneideinrichtung exportiert werden. To optimize the cutting curves, it is now possible according to step f) to change the number and / or the position of the start and / or end points. The user can do this, for example, by moving the position of the starting and / or ending points on the screen. The user can also change the course of the cutting line. For example, he can change an angular cutting line to a rounded cutting line. On the user side, it is also possible to divide the cutting line into several cutting line sections. - The change of at least one of the parameters according to step f) can also take place automatically according to a predetermined algorithm. Steps b) to e) can then be carried out again on the basis of the changed cutting line. The cutting line changed by the user immediately results in a corresponding cutting time, production rate and / or transport speed using the method according to the invention. The user can immediately see whether the change in the cutting line z. B. would result in an increase in the production rate. This makes it quick and easy to increase z. B. the production rate to provide optimized cutting curves. The corresponding cutting curves can immediately be exported to a controller for controlling the laser cutting device.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung kann die Herstellungsrate für die Blechpla- tinen auf der Grundlage der Herstellungsdauer derjenigen Schneidkurve berech- net und angezeigt werden, welche die längste Schneiddauer erfordert. Es kann beispielsweise angegeben werden, wie viele Blechplatinen pro Minute oder pro Stunde unter Verwendung der optimierten Schneidkurven herstellbar sind. According to an advantageous embodiment, the production rate for the sheet metal blanks can be calculated and displayed on the basis of the production time of the cutting curve that requires the longest cutting time. For example, it can be specified how many sheet metal blanks can be produced per minute or per hour using the optimized cutting curves.
Die Transportgeschwindigkeit kann aus einem Quotienten einer Teilungslänge des Blechbands und der Schneiddauer berechnet werden. Die Herstellungsrate kann berechnet werden aus dem Quotienten einer Teilungslänge und der Transportge- schwindigkeit. Unter dem Begriff "Teilungslänge" wird ein Abschnitt des Blech- bands in Transportrichtung bzw. x-Richtung verstanden, in welchem die berechne- ten Schneidkurven wiederholt werden. In jedem Abschnitt werden also wiederho- lend eine oder mehrere identische Blechplatinen hergestellt. The transport speed can be calculated from a quotient of a pitch length of the metal strip and the cutting time. The production rate can be calculated from the quotient of a division length and the transport speed. The term “pitch length” is understood to mean a section of the sheet metal strip in the transport direction or x-direction in which the calculated cutting curves are repeated. One or more identical sheet metal plates are therefore repeatedly produced in each section.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung kann die Konturlinie vor dem Schritt a) nach einer vorgegebenen Funktion geglättet werden. Des Weiteren kön- nen eine oder mehrere Lücken in der Konturlinie vor dem Schritt a) geschlossen werden. Damit wird sichergestellt, dass mittels des ersten Algorithmus fehlerfrei aus der Konturlinie eine Schneidlinie oder Schneidlinienabschnitte berechnet wird. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the contour line can be smoothed according to a predetermined function before step a). Furthermore, one or more gaps in the contour line can be closed before step a). This ensures that a cutting line or cutting line sections is calculated without errors from the contour line using the first algorithm.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird beim Schritt a) die Anzahl der Laserschneideinrichtungen und für jede der Laserschneideinrichtungen deren Arbeitsbereich definierende Schneidfeldkoordinaten vorgegeben. Infolgedessen kann bei der Berechnung mittels des ersten Algorithmus die Anzahl sowie der Ar- beitsbereich der Laserschneideinrichtungen berücksichtigt werden. Jede der La- serschneideinrichtungen ist sowohl in der Transportrichtung als auch in der senk- recht dazu verlaufenden y-Richtung hin und her bewegbar. Der Arbeitsbereich je- der Laserschneideinrichtung ist durch deren Bewegungsfreiheit in Transport-Rich- tung und in y-Richtung definiert. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the number of laser cutting devices and, for each of the laser cutting devices, the number of laser cutting devices Cutting field coordinates defining the work area are specified. As a result, the number and the working range of the laser cutting devices can be taken into account in the calculation using the first algorithm. Each of the laser cutting devices can be moved back and forth both in the transport direction and in the y direction running perpendicular thereto. The working area of each laser cutting device is defined by its freedom of movement in the transport direction and in the y direction.
Insbesondere wenn eine Mehrzahl der Laserschneideinrichtung vorhanden sind, kann beim Schritt a) die Konturlinie in mehrere Konturlinienabschnitte unterteilt werden. Zu den Konturlinienabschnitten können sodann mittels des ersten Algo- rithmus korrespondierende Schneidlinienabschnitte berechnet werden. Bei einer Herstellung der Blechplatinen mittels mehrerer Laserschneideinrichtungen kann sodann jeder Schneidlinienabschnitt genau einer der Laserschneideinrichtungen zugeordnet werden. Beim Schritt c) können maschinenlesbare x(t)- und zeitlich dazu korrelierte maschinenlesbare y(t)-Schneidkurven für jede der Laserschneid- einrichtungen auf der Grundlage der jeweiligen Schneidlinienabschnitte nach dem vorgegebenen zweiten Algorithmus berechnet werden. In particular if a plurality of the laser cutting device are present, the contour line can be divided into a plurality of contour line sections in step a). Corresponding cutting line sections can then be calculated for the contour line sections by means of the first algorithm. When the sheet metal blanks are produced by means of a plurality of laser cutting devices, each cutting line section can then be assigned exactly to one of the laser cutting devices. In step c), machine-readable x (t) and time-correlated machine-readable y (t) cutting curves can be calculated for each of the laser cutting devices on the basis of the respective cutting line sections according to the predetermined second algorithm.
Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung können bei einer Änderung der Lage und/oder der Anzahl von Unterteilungspunkten infolge einer entsprechenden benutzerseiti- gen Eingabe mittels des ersten Algorithmus sich daraus ergebende weitere Schneidlinienabschnitte berechnet und angezeigt werden. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Randbedingung besteht darin, dass die Konturlinie so unterteilt wird, dass mittels der Laserschneideinrichtungen hergestellte Schneidlinienabschnitte erst mit der in Transportrichtung des Blechbands stromabwärtigsten Laserschneideinrichtung zu einer geschlossenen Schneidlinie verbunden werden. Das ermöglicht eine beson- ders exakte Herstellung der Blechplatinen. Indem deren Vereinzelung erst mittels der stromabwärtigsten Laserschneideinrichtung erfolgt, kann eine unerwünschte Bewegung des Blechbands infolge von Spannungen oder dgl. beim Schneiden vermieden werden. Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die According to a further embodiment, when the position and / or the number of subdivision points change as a result of a corresponding user input by means of the first algorithm, further cutting line sections resulting therefrom can be calculated and displayed. A further advantageous boundary condition is that the contour line is subdivided in such a way that cutting line sections produced by means of the laser cutting devices are only connected to a closed cutting line with the laser cutting device which is the most downstream in the transport direction of the sheet metal strip. This enables the sheet metal blanks to be manufactured particularly precisely. By separating them by means of the most downstream laser cutting device, an undesired movement of the sheet metal strip due to tension or the like can be avoided during cutting. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the
Schneidkurven unter Berücksichtigung einer Schneidgeschwindigkeit und/oder Schneidrichtung und/oder Schneidreihenfolge so berechnet, dass die Schneidli- nienabschnitte mittels der Laserschneideinrichtungen gleichzeitig und kollisionsfrei geschnitten werden. Auch wenn die zunächst hergestellten Schneidlinienab- schnitte mittels des ersten Algorithmus in ihrer Herstellungsdauer weitgehend an- einander angeglichen sind, können sich bei der weiteren Anwendung des zweiten Algorithmus zum Berechnen der maschinenlesbaren Schneidkurven erneut Unter- schiede in der Herstellungsdauer ergeben. Das ist beispielsweise bedingt durch eine Trägheit der Schneidwerkzeuge, beispielsweise beim Abbremsen oder Be- schleunigen im Bereich einer engen Kurve. Nach der vorgenannten Ausgestaltung werden die Schneidkurven so berechnet, dass die Laserschneideinrichtungen stets gleichzeitig und kollisionsfrei die entsprechenden Schneidlinienabschnitte schneiden können. Cutting curves, taking into account a cutting speed and / or cutting direction and / or cutting sequence, are calculated in such a way that the cutting line sections are cut simultaneously and without collisions by means of the laser cutting devices. Even if the cutting line sections initially produced are largely matched to one another in terms of their production time by means of the first algorithm, further use of the second algorithm for calculating the machine-readable cutting curves may result in differences in the production time again. This is due, for example, to the inertia of the cutting tools, for example when braking or accelerating in the area of a tight curve. According to the aforementioned embodiment, the cutting curves are calculated so that the laser cutting devices can always cut the corresponding cutting line sections simultaneously and without collisions.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird für die Schneidlinie oder für jeden Schneidlinienabschnitt auf der Grundlage der dazu berechneten Schneid- kurven eine Geschwindigkeit des Schneidkopfs der jeweiligen Laserschneidein- richtung über der Zeit angezeigt. Aus einer solchen Darstellung kann sofort die Herstellungszeit für jeden der Schneidlinienabschnitte erkannt werden. Die vorge- schlagene Darstellung gibt dem Benutzer einen Hinweis darüber, wie aller Voraus- sicht nach eine weitere Optimierung der Transportgeschwindigkeit durch ein be- nutzerseitiges Ändern der Parameter im Schritt f) erfolgen kann. According to a further advantageous embodiment, a speed of the cutting head of the respective laser cutting device is displayed over time for the cutting line or for each cutting line section on the basis of the cutting curves calculated for this. From such a representation, the manufacturing time for each of the cutting line sections can be recognized immediately. The proposed representation gives the user an indication of how, in all likelihood, the transport speed can be further optimized by changing the parameters in step f).
Abgesehen davon können auch die x- und y-Koordinaten der Kontur- und/oder Schneidlinie oder des Kontur- und/oder Schneidlinienabschnitts zweidimensional in einem Diagramm dargestellt werden, und zwar jeweils in Korrelation zur An- zeige der Geschwindigkeit und/oder der Beschleunigung und/oder der zeitlichen Auslastung der Laserschneideinrichtungen. Daraus ist für den Benutzer z. B. er- sichtlich wie die Kontur- und/oder Schneidlinie bzw. der Kontur- und/oder Schneid- linienabschnitt in Draufsicht auf das Blechband verläuft. Es kann daraus ersehen werden, ob die Laserschneideinrichtung bei Ausführung der jeweiligen Schneid- kurve einen einfachen oder eher komplexen Weg durchläuft. Apart from this, the x and y coordinates of the contour and / or cutting line or the contour and / or cutting line section can also be represented two-dimensionally in a diagram, in each case in correlation to the display of the speed and / or the acceleration and / or the time utilization of the laser cutting devices. This is for the user z. For example, it can be seen how the contour and / or cutting line or the contour and / or cutting line section runs in a top view of the sheet metal strip. It can be seen from this whether the laser cutting device runs through a simple or rather complex path when executing the respective cutting curve.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird ein die zumindest eine Schneidkurve beschreibender Datensatz an eine Steuerung zum Steuern der zu- mindest einen Laserschneideinrichtung übertragen. D. h. das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann an einem zu dessen Durchführung entsprechend hergerichteten Computer, beispielsweise einem Personal Computer, durchgeführt werden. Die mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erzeugte zumindest eine Schneidkurve kann sodann in herkömmlicher Weise an eine Steuerung bzw. Maschinensteue- rung der Laserschneideinrichtung exportiert werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Ver- fahren kann vorteilhafterweise bereits beim Design der Konturlinie verwendet wer- den. Damit kann schnell und einfach erkannt werden, ob eine bestimmte Konturli- nie eine schnelle und einfache Fierstellung einer dazu korrespondierenden Blech- patine ermöglicht. According to a further advantageous embodiment, a data record describing the at least one cutting curve is transmitted to a controller for controlling the at least one laser cutting device. I.e. the method according to the invention can be carried out on a computer which is appropriately prepared for carrying it out, for example a personal computer. The at least one cutting curve generated with the method according to the invention can then be exported in a conventional manner to a control or machine control of the laser cutting device. The method according to the invention can advantageously already be used in the design of the contour line. This means that it can be quickly and easily recognized whether a certain contour line enables a corresponding sheet metal patina to be quickly and easily set.
Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnun- gen näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 ein Flussdiagramm Fig. 1 is a flow chart
Fig. 2.1 bis 2.1 1 schematische Bildschirmdarstellungen gemäß den Verfah- rensschritten nach Fig. 1 , 2.1 to 2.1 1 are schematic screen representations according to the method steps according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3.1 bis 3.7 weitere schematische Bildschirmdarstellungen gemäß dem 3.1 to 3.7 further schematic screen representations according to the
Verfahren nach Fig. 1 , 1,
Fig. 4 die Fierstellungsraten zweier unterschiedlich aufgeteilter Fig. 4 shows the positioning of two differently divided
Schneidlinien und Cutting lines and
Fig. 5 die Fierstellungsraten zweier unterschiedlich gestalteter Fig. 5 shows the positioning rates of two differently designed
Schneidlinien. Fig. 1 zeigt in einem Flussdiagramm ein Beispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Verfah- rens. Zunächst wird ein Datensatz importiert, welcher eine Konturlinie K der herzu- stellenden Blechplatine wiedergibt. Ein solcher Datensatz kann beispielsweise im DXF-Format vorliegen. Die Fig. 2.1 bis 2.11 sowie 3.1 bis 3.7 verdeutlichen die Verfahrensschritte gemäß Fig. 1 anhand von Bildschirmdarstellungen. Cutting lines. 1 shows an example of the method according to the invention in a flowchart. First of all, a data record is imported which reproduces a contour line K of the sheet metal blank to be produced. Such a data record can be in DXF format, for example. 2.1 to 2.11 and 3.1 to 3.7 illustrate the method steps according to FIG. 1 on the basis of screen displays.
In der Praxis kommt es mitunter vor, dass die Konturlinie K unterbrochen ist oder einen unstetigen Verlauf hat. Unterbrechungen in der Konturlinie K können durch manuelle Bearbeitung des Benutzers geschlossen werden. Ferner können uner- wünschte Unstetigkeiten im Kurvenverlauf z. B. durch Anwendung einer vorgege- benen Funktion geglättet werden. In practice it sometimes happens that the contour line K is interrupted or has a discontinuous course. Interruptions in the contour line K can be closed by manual processing by the user. Furthermore, undesired discontinuities in the course of the curve, for. B. can be smoothed by using a specified function.
Sofern die Konturlinie K mittels mehrerer Laserschneideinrichtungen geschnitten werden soll, erfolgt nun vorteilhafterweise ein Unterteilen der Konturlinie K in Kon- turlinienabschnitte K1 ...K6. In Fig. 2.3 sind mit den Bezugszeichen U1 ...U6 Unter- teilungspunkte bezeichnet, welche die Konturlinienabschnitte K1 ...K6 definieren. Die Konturlinienabschnitte K1 ...K6 können sodann Gruppen zugeordnet werden. Jeder der Gruppen ist wiederum eine der Laserschneideinrichtungen L1 , L2, L3 zugeordnet. Die Zuordnung der Konturlinienabschnitte K1 ...K6 ist in den Fig. 2.4 bis 2.6 schematisch gezeigt. If the contour line K is to be cut by means of a plurality of laser cutting devices, the contour line K is now advantageously subdivided into contour line sections K1 ... K6. In FIG. 2.3, reference numerals U1 ... U6 denote subdivisions which define the contour line sections K1 ... K6. The contour line sections K1 ... K6 can then be assigned to groups. Each of the groups is in turn assigned one of the laser cutting devices L1, L2, L3. The assignment of the contour line sections K1 ... K6 is shown schematically in FIGS. 2.4 to 2.6.
Auf der Grundlage der erzeugten Konturlinienabschnitte K1...K6 werden sodann unter Anwendung eines zweiten Algorithmus korrespondierende Schneidlinienab- schnitte S1...S6 erzeugt. Die Datensätze, welche die Schneidlinienabschnitte S1 ...S6 beschreiben, enthalten Parameter zur Steuerung der Laserschneideinrich- tungen L1 , L2, L3. Sie enthalten insbesondere Anfangspunkte A1...A6 und End- punkte E1 ...E6, an denen ein Laser der jeweiligen Laserschneideinrichtung L1 ,Corresponding cutting line sections S1 ... S6 are then generated on the basis of the generated contour line sections K1 ... K6 using a second algorithm. The data records which describe the cutting line sections S1 ... S6 contain parameters for controlling the laser cutting devices L1, L2, L3. In particular, they contain start points A1 ... A6 and end points E1 ... E6, at which a laser of the respective laser cutting device L1,
L2, L3 ein- bzw. ausgeschaltet wird. In einem nächsten Schritt werden zu jedem der Schneidlinienabschnitte S1 ...S6 jeweils zwei korrespondierende maschinenlesbare Schneidkurven M1 , M2, näm- lich eine x(t)- und zeitlich dazu korrelierte y(t)-Schneidkurve, berechnet. L2, L3 is switched on or off. In a next step, two corresponding machine-readable cutting curves M1, M2, namely an x (t) and y (t) cutting curve correlated with time, are calculated for each of the cutting line sections S1 ... S6.
Die vorgenannten Schneidkurven M1 , M2 werden auch als Kurvenscheiben be- zeichnet. Sie enthalten alle für die Steuerung der jeweiligen Laserschneideinrich- tung L1 , L2, L3 erforderlichen Parameter. Maschinenlesbare x(t)- und y(t)- Schneidkurven M1 , M2 für die zweite Laserschneideinrichtung L2 werden schema- tisch in Fig. 2.10 und 2.11 gezeigt. The aforementioned cutting curves M1, M2 are also referred to as cam disks. They contain all the parameters required to control the respective laser cutting device L1, L2, L3. Machine-readable x (t) and y (t) cutting curves M1, M2 for the second laser cutting device L2 are shown schematically in FIGS. 2.10 and 2.11.
Anschließend wird anhand der Schneidkurven M1 , M2 für jede der Laserschneide- inrichtungen L1 , L2, L3 jeweils die Schneiddauer T1 , T2, T3 berechnet. Bei dem in Fig. 2.12 gezeigten Beispiel erfordern die Schneidkurven M1 , M2 für die zweite Laserschneideinrichtung L2 die längste Schneiddauer T2. Die längste Schneid- dauer T2 wiederum bestimmt die Herstellungsrate der herzustellenden Blechplati- nen. The cutting time T1, T2, T3 is then calculated on the basis of the cutting curves M1, M2 for each of the laser cutting devices L1, L2, L3. In the example shown in FIG. 2.12, the cutting curves M1, M2 require the longest cutting time T2 for the second laser cutting device L2. The longest cutting time T2 in turn determines the production rate of the sheet metal to be produced.
Eine hohe Herstellungsrate kann dann erzielt werden, wenn die Schneiddauern T1 , T2, T3 der Laserschneideinrichtungen L1 , L2, L3 etwa gleich lang sind. Zur Er- zielung einer Vergleichmäßigung der Schneiddauern T 1 , T2, T3 ist es nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren nunmehr möglich, die Konturlinie K neu zu untertei- len und/oder den Verlauf der Konturlinie K geringfügig zu ändern. Bei dem in den Fig. 3.1 bis 3.4 gezeigten Beispiel wird eine Unterteilung, nämlich die Untertei- lungspunkte U1 , U2, weggelassen (siehe Fig. 3.3). Konturlinienabschnitte K1 ' und K6' für die erste L1 und für die dritte Laserschneideinrichtung L3 (siehe Fig. 3.2 und 3.4) sind am rechten Ende verlängert. Anschließend werden für die Konturli- nienabschnitte K1 ', K3, K4, K5, K6' mittels des ersten Algorithmus weitere A high production rate can be achieved if the cutting times T1, T2, T3 of the laser cutting devices L1, L2, L3 are approximately of the same length. To achieve an equalization of the cutting times T 1, T2, T3, it is now possible according to the method according to the invention to subdivide the contour line K and / or to change the course of the contour line K slightly. In the example shown in FIGS. 3.1 to 3.4, a subdivision, namely the subdivision points U1, U2, is omitted (see FIG. 3.3). Contour line sections K1 'and K6' for the first L1 and for the third laser cutting device L3 (see FIGS. 3.2 and 3.4) are extended at the right end. Then, for the contour line sections K1 ', K3, K4, K5, K6', additional ones are created using the first algorithm
Schneidlinien (hier nicht gezeigt) und daraus mittels des zweiten Algorithmus wei- tere maschinenlesbare x(t)- und y(t)-Schneidkurven M1 ', M2' berechnet. Aus den weiteren Schneidkurven M1 ', M2' werden wiederum für jede der Laserschneidein- richtungen L1 , L2, L3 dazu korrespondierende weitere Schneiddauern T1 ', T2', T3' berechnet (siehe Fig. 3.7). Im vorliegenden Beispiel ergibt sich wegen der Weg- lassung einer Unterteilung der Konturlinienabschnitte für die zweite Laserschnei- deinrichtung L2 eine Verminderung der weiteren zweiten Schneiddauer T2' für die zweite Laserschneideinrichtung L2. Damit kann die Herstellungsrate erhöht wer- den. Cutting lines (not shown here) and from this further machine-readable x (t) and y (t) cutting curves M1 ', M2' are calculated using the second algorithm. Further cutting times T1 ', T2', T3 'corresponding to each of the laser cutting devices L1, L2, L3 are in turn calculated from the further cutting curves M1', M2 '(see FIG. 3.7). In the present example, Allowing a division of the contour line sections for the second laser cutting device L2 reduces the further second cutting time T2 'for the second laser cutting device L2. The production rate can thus be increased.
Sobald ein im Hinblick auf die Schneiddauer bzw. Herstellungsrate zufriedenstel- lender Satz von Schneidkurven vorliegt, können entsprechende Schneidkurven- Datensätze an eine Steuerung zum Steuern der Laserschneideinrichtungen L1 ,As soon as a set of cutting curves that is satisfactory with regard to the cutting duration or production rate is available, corresponding cutting curve data sets can be sent to a controller for controlling the laser cutting devices L1,
L2, L3 exportiert werden. L2, L3 can be exported.
Fig. 4 zeigt nochmals ein Beispiel der Änderung der Herstellungsrate bei einer Än- derung eines Unterteilungspunkts U. In Fig. 4 ist mit K1 a ein erster Konturlinienab- schnitt bezeichnet, welcher mit einer ersten Laserschneideinrichtung L1 geschnit- ten werden soll. Mit dem Bezugszeichen K2a ist ein zweiter Konturlinienabschnitt bezeichnet, welcher mit der zweiten Laserschneideinrichtung L2 geschnitten wer- den soll. Bei einer Verschiebung des Unterteilungspunkts U nach U' ergeben sich die rechts daneben gezeigten weiteren Konturlinienabschnitte K1'a und K2'a. - Durch eine Vergleichmäßigung der Auslastung der Laserschneideinrichtungen L1 , L2 kann nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die Herstellungsrate von 8 Tei- len/Minute auf 12 Teilen/Minute erhöht werden. 4 again shows an example of the change in the production rate when a subdivision point U is changed. In FIG. 4, K1 a denotes a first contour line section which is to be cut with a first laser cutting device L1. The reference symbol K2a denotes a second contour line section which is to be cut with the second laser cutting device L2. When the subdivision point U is shifted to U ', the further contour line sections K1'a and K2'a shown on the right result. The production rate can be increased from 8 parts / minute to 12 parts / minute by equalizing the utilization of the laser cutting devices L1, L2.
Fig. 5 zeigt die Änderung der Herstellungsrate bei einer Glättung der Konturlinie. Die aus den Konturlinienabschnitten K1 a und K2a gebildete Konturlinie weist meh- rere Ecken auf. Bei einer Herstellung von Blechplatinen gemäß der original vorge- gebenen Konturlinie ergibt sich eine Herstellungsrate von 10 Teilen/Minute. Sofern die Ecken aus der Konturlinie entfernt werden, d. h. eine geänderte Konturlinie ge- mäß den weiteren ersten Konturlinienabschnitten K1 'a und K2'a definiert wird, er- gibt sich eine erhöhte Herstellungsrate von 12 Teilen/Minute. Bezugszeichenliste FIG. 5 shows the change in the production rate when the contour line is smoothed. The contour line formed from the contour line sections K1a and K2a has several corners. A production rate of 10 parts / minute results when producing sheet metal blanks according to the original contour line. If the corners are removed from the contour line, ie a modified contour line is defined according to the further first contour line sections K1'a and K2'a, there is an increased production rate of 12 parts / minute. Reference symbol list
A1 ...A6 Anfangspunkt A1 ... A6 starting point
E1 ...E6 Endpunkt E1 ... E6 end point
K Konturlinie K contour line
K1 ...K6 Konturlinienabschnitt K1 ... K6 contour line section
K1 '...K6' weiterer Konturlinienabschnitt K1 '... K6' further contour line section
K1 a erster Konturlinienabschnitt K1 a first contour line section
K1 'a weiterer erster Konturlinienabschnitt K1 'a further first contour line section
K2a zweiter Konturlinienabschnitt K2a second contour line section
K2'a weiterer zweiter Konturlinienabschnitt K2'a further second contour line section
L1 erste LaserschneideinrichtungL1 first laser cutting device
L2 zweite LaserschneideinrichtungL2 second laser cutting device
L3 dritte LaserschneideinrichtungL3 third laser cutting device
M1 , M2 Schneidkurve M1, M2 cutting curve
M1 ', M2' weitere Schneidkurve M1 ', M2' further cutting curve
S1 ...S6 Schneidlinie S1 ... S6 cutting line
T1 erste Schneiddauer T1 first cutting time
TV weitere erste Schneiddauer TV further first cutting time
T2 zweite Schneiddauer T2 second cutting time
T2' weitere zweite Schneiddauer T2 'another second cutting time
T3 dritte Schneiddauer T3 third cutting time
T3' weitere dritte Schneiddauer T3 'another third cutting time
U1 ...U6 Unterteilungspunkt U1 ... U6 subdivision point
Claims
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| DE102018127821.7 | 2018-11-07 | ||
| DE102018127821.7A DE102018127821A1 (en) | 2018-11-07 | 2018-11-07 | Method for calculating optimized machine-readable cutting curves for a laser cutting device |
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| CN113751890A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-07 | 上海发那科机器人有限公司 | Robot curved surface track cutting method and system based on laser displacement sensor |
| CN115685876A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-02-03 | 英诺威讯智能科技(杭州)有限公司 | Planar laser cutting control method and system based on track compensation |
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| DE102021103206A1 (en) | 2021-02-11 | 2022-08-11 | Precitec Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for optimizing a processing time of a laser machining process, method for performing a laser machining process on a workpiece and a laser machining system set up to perform the same |
| DE102021131830A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2023-06-07 | Open Mind Technologies Ag | Method for determining a tool path and method for material-removing machining of a workpiece |
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