WO2020071518A1 - 急性腎障害特異的バイオマーカー、急性腎障害の診断方法、急性腎障害の検査用キット、動物治療方法、及び急性腎障害用医薬 - Google Patents
急性腎障害特異的バイオマーカー、急性腎障害の診断方法、急性腎障害の検査用キット、動物治療方法、及び急性腎障害用医薬Info
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
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- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7088—Compounds having three or more nucleosides or nucleotides
- A61K31/7105—Natural ribonucleic acids, i.e. containing only riboses attached to adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil and having 3'-5' phosphodiester links
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- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
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- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
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- C12N2310/141—MicroRNAs, miRNAs
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- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/178—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use miRNA, siRNA or ncRNA
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biomarker, a diagnostic method, a test kit, an animal treatment method, and a medicament, particularly an acute renal disorder-specific biomarker, a diagnostic method for acute renal disorder, an acute renal disorder test kit, and an animal therapeutic method And acute renal disorder drugs.
- Acute kidney injury is an acute renal dysfunction that occurs after infection, drug intake, post-surgery, and the like, and is greatly involved in the prognosis of a patient's life.
- Acute kidney injury is a condition in which renal function rapidly decreases in a short period of time of several hours to several days. Waste products cannot be excreted from urine or overflow. Dialysis may be required in some cases.
- KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes
- KDIGO classification acute renal failure is diagnosed based on increased serum creatinine concentration and decreased urine output.
- AKI staging is defined by any of the following: 1. 1. When serum creatinine level rises by 0.3 mg / dl or more within 48 hours. 2. Serum creatinine level was known within 7 days before or increased by more than 1.5 fold from the expected basal value. When urine volume decreases to 0.5 ml / kg / hour over 6 hours
- miRNA miRNA, microRNA
- Patent Document 1 as an example of a conventional biomarker, a miRNA indicating an indicator of a state of chronic diabetes is described.
- Patent Document 1 cannot diagnose acute kidney injury.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and has as its object to solve the above-mentioned problems.
- the acute renal disorder-specific biomarker of the present invention is an acute renal disorder-specific biomarker, and is characterized by miRNA-5100.
- the method for diagnosing acute kidney injury of the present invention is characterized by using the biomarker specific for acute kidney injury.
- the method for diagnosing acute kidney injury of the present invention is characterized in that when the expression of the miRNA-5100 is reduced, the patient is diagnosed with acute kidney injury.
- the test kit of the present invention is characterized by containing a reagent for measuring miRNA-5100.
- the method for treating an animal of the present invention is a method for treating an animal other than a human, wherein the functional activity of miRNA-5100 is adjusted.
- the medicament for acute kidney injury of the present invention is characterized by containing a functional activity regulator of miRNA-5100.
- the medicament for acute renal injury of the present invention is characterized in that the functional activity modifier comprises the miRNA-5100 functional activity enhancer.
- the medicament for acute kidney injury of the present invention is characterized in that the functional activity enhancer is a miRNA mimic corresponding to the miRNA-5100.
- a biomarker capable of specifically diagnosing acute kidney injury can be provided by using miRNA-5100.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the treatment of an acute kidney injury model mouse according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- 4 is a photograph showing a result of microarray analysis (ischemia reperfusion model) according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- 5 is a photograph showing a result of microarray analysis (LPS administration model) according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- 4 is a graph showing changes in the expression level of miRNA-5100 according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- 5 is a graph showing an ROC curve of miRNA-5100 according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the overexpression of miRNA-5100 in the mouse with acute kidney injury according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the actual expression level of miRNA-5100 according to Example 1 of the present invention when overexpressed.
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing renal swelling when miRNA-5100 is overexpressed according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- 4 is a graph showing the therapeutic effect (NGAL) of acute renal injury when miRNA-5100 is overexpressed according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- 1 is a graph showing the therapeutic effect (KIM-1) of acute renal injury at the time of overexpression of miRNA-5100 according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- 1 is a graph showing the therapeutic effect (L-FABP) of acute renal injury when miRNA-5100 is overexpressed according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- Example 1 is a graph showing the therapeutic effect (IL-18) of acute renal injury when miRNA-5100 is overexpressed according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- 5 is a graph showing a change in expression of an endoplasmic reticulum stress response gene during overexpression of miRNA-5100 according to Example 2 of the present invention.
- 5 is a graph showing a change in expression of an endoplasmic reticulum stress response gene during overexpression of miRNA-5100 according to Example 2 of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the presumed mechanism of suppression of progress of acute kidney injury by miRNA which concerns on Example 2 of this invention.
- the present inventors have repeatedly conducted intensive experiments and searched for miRNAs that can be biomarkers specific to acute kidney injury. Specifically, as will be described in detail in Example 1 below, the present inventors analyzed miRNAs that are altered in kidney and blood of two types of acute kidney injury model mice by microarray method and real-time PCR. It was exhaustively analyzed and identified by a kind of qRT-PCR method. Furthermore, the identified miRNA expression changes were compared and examined by qRT-PCR in human serum samples between healthy subjects and patients with acute renal impairment, and miRNAs that specifically changed in the sera of patients with acute renal impairment were identified. Made available as Furthermore, it was confirmed in an acute kidney injury model mouse that overexpression of this miRNA would yield an effect when used as a medicament, and the present invention was completed.
- the biomarker specific to acute kidney injury is a miRNA of an acute kidney injury patient.
- miRNA is RNA that is not translated into protein and is a kind of functional non-coding RNA.
- the miRNA is encoded on the eukaryotic genome, undergoes a multi-step production process, and finally becomes a single-stranded RNA of about 20 to 25 bases, and participates in post-transcriptional regulation of the gene. miRNAs play important roles in a wide range of biological processes such as development, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and metabolism by regulating post-transcriptional expression.
- the acute renal injury-specific biomarker according to the embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that it is miRNA-5100.
- miRNA-5100 the sequence of mouse mature miRNA-5100 (miRbase No: MI0018008) is shown below: 5'-ucgaaucccagcgggguccucu-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1)
- a miRNA having homology in eukaryotes other than mouse and human specifically, various animals can be used.
- This animal is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, domestic animal species, wild animals, and the like. Since each miRNA has almost the same nucleotide sequence in mammals, it can be used by searching based on homology.
- the homology is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. Furthermore, it may contain a sequence complementary to these sequences or a sequence identical to the extent capable of hybridizing.
- each miRNA of the present embodiment and the functional activity regulator described below may be provided as a pri-miRNA (primary miRNA, early transcription product) or a pre-miRNA (precursor miRNA, precursor).
- the miRNA of the present embodiment may not be single-stranded, and may form a double-stranded portion by a stem and loop structure or the like.
- each miRNA of the present embodiment may be a nucleic acid molecule such as RNA, DNA or the like encoding miRNA, pri-miRNA, pre-miRNA, or the like.
- the nucleic acid molecule also includes an artificial nucleic acid molecule, for example, a peptide nucleic acid (Peptide Nucleic Acid, PNA), a locked nucleic acid (Locked Nucleic Acid, LNA) and the like.
- PNA peptide nucleic Acid
- LNA locked nucleic acid
- Each miRNA and the functional activity regulator of the present embodiment can be produced by a chemical synthesis method or a recombinant method common to those skilled in the art.
- any of the above-described mature miRNAs, pri-miRNAs, and pre-miRNAs, or the base sequence of DNA encoding them may be included in an appropriate vector.
- This vector is an expression vector suitable for expression of a nucleic acid in eukaryotes, for example.
- the nucleic acid molecules contained in this vector may target the transcription of each miRNA molecule, a precursor to maturation into a miRNA, or a primary transcript. Further, it may contain a sequence that alters the copy on the genome of each miRNA, a transcription preparation sequence, and the like.
- a method for diagnosing acute kidney injury according to an embodiment of the present invention is characterized by using the above-mentioned biomarker specific to acute kidney injury.
- the detection of miRNA levels present in the serum or plasma (hereinafter simply referred to as “blood”) of a patient is mainly used for acute kidney injury. Diagnose that there is. That is, the method for diagnosing acute kidney injury according to the present embodiment can also be used as a method for examining acute kidney injury.
- the expression of miRNA-5100 when the expression of miRNA-5100 is reduced, it is possible to diagnose acute kidney injury.
- the decrease in the expression level of miRNA-5100 is measured, for example, by measuring the expression level present in the blood of the patient, and testing whether or not the obtained numerical value has a statistically significant difference.
- This other diagnosis may be, for example, an early biomarker candidate molecule for acute kidney injury disclosed in KDIGO.
- NGAL Neuronal Filtrate-Associated Lipocalin
- KIM-1 Kidney Injection Molecular-1
- L-FABP Liver-type Fatty Acid, which includes a fatty acid binding protein
- L-FABP Liver Type Fatty Acid
- RNA extraction column common to those skilled in the art, and the like can be used. Then, the expression level of each miRNA of the present embodiment is measured from the extracted total RNA.
- This measurement can be realized using a method common to those skilled in the art, such as a Northern blot, a microarray, a QCM (Quartz Crystal Microbalance) sensor measuring method, a real-time PCR method including qRT-PCR, and the like.
- a real-time PCR method it is possible to perform expression correction using an endogenous control (endogenous @ control) miRNA.
- endogenous control endogenous @ control
- those skilled in the art appropriately select an endogenous control that does not change between healthy and diseased ones from sequences previously reported as appropriate as the endogenous control.
- a statistically significant difference is tested from the measured expression level, it is, for example, 5% significant (p ⁇ 0.05) compared with the miRNA expression level obtained from a sample derived from a healthy subject.
- Statistical test to determine whether For this test, for example, a technique such as a T test, an F test, a chi-square test, or the like can be used as appropriate according to the amount of data, the nature of data, and the like. If the result of the test is statistically significant, the patient can be diagnosed with acute kidney injury. Conversely, if not statistically significant, the patient can be diagnosed as not having acute kidney injury. In this case, it is also possible to diagnose from another index or the like that the patient is not a patient with acute renal failure but another nephropathy. According to such a diagnostic method, even in the early stage of the onset, it is possible to determine with high reliability that acute kidney injury is present. This can provide important information for determining the treatment policy.
- the diagnostic method according to the present embodiment is a step of collecting blood from a patient suspected of having acute kidney injury, and measuring the expression level of miRNA-5100 in the collected blood. Steps: comparing the measured expression level of miRNA-5100 with the expression level (standard amount) of miRNA-5100 in a healthy person, detecting that the expression level of miRNA-5100 is lower than the standard amount, and detecting A step of determining that the performed patient has a high risk of acute renal disorder.
- the test kit for acute kidney injury according to the embodiment of the present invention is characterized by including a reagent for measuring miRNA serving as the above-mentioned biomarker specific to acute kidney injury.
- a reagent for miRNA measurement include those corresponding to detection methods such as Northern blot, microarray, QCM sensor measurement, and real-time PCR. That is, various enzymes, buffers, washing solutions, lysing solutions, and the like, such as probes and primers for detecting each miRNA of the present embodiment, are also included.
- materials and equipment for detecting miRNA by the above-described method may be included.
- test kit for acute kidney injury of the present embodiment is a program for judging the test results on a computer, processing the data, and visualizing the test results in order to analyze the diagnostic results, and an apparatus and a system including the computer. Etc. may be included.
- Such devices and systems can be developed using techniques and methods common to those skilled in the art. With such an apparatus and system, a high-throughput examination becomes possible, and diagnosis of a patient becomes easy.
- the medicament for acute kidney injury (medical composition) of the present embodiment is characterized by containing a composition that increases or decreases the expression level of miRNA.
- the medical composition of the present embodiment is characterized by containing a functional activity regulator of miRNA-5100. This functional activity regulator is a composition having an action of regulating the expression of miRNA.
- a functional activity enhancer for miRNA-5100 is used.
- This functional activity enhancer includes a miRNA mimic having a base sequence corresponding to miRNA-5100.
- the miRNA mimic may be a composition containing the synthesized miRNA. That is, the miRNA mimic increases the concentration of miRNA in the kidney of acute kidney injury (overexpression), thereby enhancing the activity of the cell function against miRNA-5100.
- the miRNA mimic corresponding to the miRNA-5100 of the present embodiment may have the following sequence: 5'-UCGAAUCCCAGCGGUGCCUCU-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3)
- the dose may be, for example, miRNA-5100 mimic in an amount that is 1.5 to 2.5 times the expression level when miRNA-5100 is administered to healthy individuals in kidney cells. Can be used. Of these, an amount that is about 2.0 times is particularly preferable.
- the medicament for acute kidney injury of the present embodiment is introduced into a patient's cells in a manner common to those skilled in the art, which is introduced into a desired target cell in vitro or in vivo.
- the medical composition of the present embodiment may be provided including various media commonly used by those skilled in the art.
- a plasmid or a viral vector may be used as this medium.
- This viral vector may be constructed using a virus commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus, and a retrovirus.
- the medicament for acute kidney injury may contain any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- This carrier may be, for example, a liposome carrier, colloidal gold particles, polypeptide, lipopolysaccharide, polysaccharide, lipid membrane and the like.
- a carrier that improves the effect of regulating the expression of the functional activity regulator.
- liposomes especially cationic liposomes.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may include, for example, physiological saline, isotonic solution containing glucose and other adjuvants, for example, D-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-mannitol, sodium chloride and the like.
- a suitable solubilizing agent for example, alcohol, specifically, ethanol, polyalcohol, for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, a nonionic surfactant, for example, polysorbate 80 (TM), HCO-50 or the like. It is possible. It may further contain a suitable excipient or the like.
- the medicament for acute kidney injury of the present embodiment may include a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in order to prepare a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the carrier may include a biocompatible material such as silicone, collagen, gelatin, and the like.
- the carrier may be provided as an emulsion.
- any one or any combination of pharmaceutical additives such as a diluent, a fragrance, a preservative, an excipient, a disintegrant, a lubricant, a binder, an emulsifier, and a plasticizer may be contained. .
- the administration route of the pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and administration can be parenteral or oral.
- Parenteral administration includes, for example, intravenous, intraarterial, subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal administration, or direct administration to the kidney and the like.
- the medicament for acute renal injury according to the embodiment of the present invention can be formulated in a dosage form suitable for parenteral or oral administration using a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier well known in the art.
- the administration interval and the dosage are appropriately selected and changed according to various conditions such as a disease state, and a target condition. It is possible.
- the single dose and the number of times of administration of the medicament for acute renal injury according to the embodiment of the present invention may vary depending on the purpose of administration, and also on various conditions such as the age and weight of the patient, the severity of the symptoms and the disease. It can be selected and changed as appropriate.
- the administration frequency and the period may be only once or may be administered once to several times a day for several weeks, the state of the disease may be monitored, and the administration may be performed again or repeatedly depending on the state.
- composition of the present invention can be used in combination with other compositions and the like.
- the composition of the present invention may be administered simultaneously with other compositions, or may be administered at intervals, but the order of administration is not particularly limited.
- the period during which the disease is improved or reduced is not particularly limited, but may be a temporary improvement or reduction, or may be a fixed period of improvement or reduction.
- the method for treating an animal according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for treating an animal, wherein the functional activity of miRNA-5100 is adjusted.
- the medicament for acute kidney injury according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used for animal treatment for treating animals.
- This animal is not particularly limited, and widely includes vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
- a mammal is a rodent, such as a mouse, rat, ferret, hamster, guinea pig, or rabbit, a dog, cat, sheep, pig, cow, horse, or non-human transgenic primate, for example. Etc., and humans.
- Wild animals include fish, birds including poultry, reptiles, and the like, in addition to mammals. Also, crustaceans including shrimp and insects, and other invertebrates such as squid are widely included. That is, the medicament for acute kidney injury according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used not only for treatment of humans but also for treatment of various animals, growth of livestock, and the like. For this reason, the patients of the present embodiment include humans and the above-mentioned non-human animals.
- the treatment method according to the embodiment is a step of collecting blood from a patient suspected of having acute renal disorder, and measuring the expression level of miRNA-5100 in the collected blood.
- the treatment for acute renal injury includes a treatment for modulating the functional activity of miRNA-5100.
- the treatment for modulating the functional activity of miRNA-5100 is characterized by including administering the above-mentioned medicament for acute kidney injury.
- treatment of acute renal disorder is performed by adjusting the functional activity of miRNA-5100 as a specific treatment for acute renal disorder regardless of the disease state (pathogenesis), stage, and the like. It is possible to do.
- acute renal failure can be treated by replacement therapy or the like that overexpresses miRNA-5100, for example, by administering the above-mentioned drug for acute renal injury.
- DDS drug delivery system
- the acute renal disorder is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal pathogenesis according to the disease state.
- prerenal acute kidney injury is a case where blood flow to the kidney is reduced, and is caused by dehydration, decrease in blood pressure, and the like.
- renal acute kidney injury occurs when the kidney itself is damaged.
- This renal acute renal disorder is classified into primary diseases, cholesterol embolism, vascular acute renal disorder due to renal infarction, acute glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, glomerular acute renal disorder due to ANCA-related vasculitis, etc.
- Treatment of acute renal injury according to typical pathology fluid replacement for prerenal acute renal injury, treatment of primary disease for renal acute renal injury, urinary tract stenosis for renal acute kidney injury And treatment such as release of obstruction.
- typical stage treatment of acute kidney injury is to discontinue nephrotoxic substances as much as possible in "high-risk" situations, including fluid volume and reflux pressure. Therapy, consider functional hemodynamic monitoring, monitor serum creatine levels and urine output, prevent hyperglycemia, and consider contrast-free alternatives.
- a non-invasive work-up is performed, and an invasive work-up is also considered.
- therapies such as adjusting the drug dose according to renal function, considering renal replacement therapy, and considering admission to the ICU are performed.
- Level 3 further avoids subclavian catheters where possible.
- the medicament for acute kidney injury according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used as a therapeutic target for a part of the body of an animal, or for an organ or tissue extracted or excreted from the animal.
- this treatment is a treatment in a broad sense, and is applicable to culture in a bioreactor, a model animal, culture of a cultured organ like a human transplant, and the like.
- Acute renal injury is diagnosed based on an increase in serum creatinine level and a decrease in urine volume in the KDIGO classification.
- the criteria often missed the timing of intervention.
- KDIGO diagnostic criteria could be used to predict renal prognosis. Therefore, in recent years, early biomarker candidate molecules for acute kidney injury such as urinary NGAL and L-FABP have been reported.
- NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-binding lipokines in urine and is used as a diagnostic aid for acute kidney injury (AKI).
- AKI acute kidney injury
- the area under the NGAL ROC curve was 0.50-0.98, with a medium or better diagnostic accuracy of 0.70 or more in 75% (12/16) studies (see AKI Practice Guidelines 2016).
- L-FABP is a 14-kd protein localized in the cytoplasm of the human proximal tubule, and is excreted in urine due to ischemia and oxidative stress in the tubule. Used.
- the area under the ROC curve for L-FABP was 0.70-0.95, with all studies having a moderate or better diagnostic accuracy of 0.70 or more (see AKI Practice Guidelines 2016).
- the acute renal disorder-specific biomarker according to the embodiment of the present invention is a miRNA present in blood, and can be used for diagnosis of acute renal disorder by using miRNA-5100.
- the biomarker of the present embodiment can accurately and early diagnose acute kidney injury, which is a renal disease having a poor prognosis, and can be expected to have a therapeutic effect.
- the method for diagnosing acute kidney injury according to the embodiment of the present invention enables early invasive diagnosis of acute kidney injury among nephropathy. Further, as shown in Example 2 below, the biomarker of the present embodiment can diagnose acute kidney injury at an earlier stage (stage 1) than conventional NGAL and L-FABP.
- NGAL and L-FABP which are conventional candidate biomarker molecules for acute kidney injury, cannot be measured in patients without urine because the sample at the time of measurement is urine.
- the biomarker of the present embodiment can measure blood (serum) as a sample, it can be reliably measured even in a patient without urine.
- the use of miRNA-5100 functional activity modulator can provide a novel drug for acute renal injury, and enables early treatment in combination with the above-mentioned diagnosis.
- apoptosis of ureteral cells and the like is suppressed by replacement therapy or the like that overexpresses miRNA-5100 by administering miRNA-5100 mimic by DDS or the like, and the onset and progression of acute renal disorder lowers renal function.
- DDS or the like the onset and progression of acute renal disorder lowers renal function.
- the onset and progress of acute renal disorder can be suppressed by administering prophylactically when acute renal disorder occurs or when it is predicted to occur.
- miRNA is obtained from blood as a method for testing for acute kidney injury.
- miRNA is stably present in blood as well as in urine, for example. For this reason, it is possible to detect acute kidney injury based on the amount of miRNA obtained from tissues other than blood, body fluids, urine, and the like.
- the diagnostic method of the present embodiment can also be used as a preliminary diagnostic method for early diagnosis. That is, in the case of acute kidney injury, as described above, the conventional diagnosis may be too late. For this reason, by diagnosing acute renal injury at an early stage, it is possible to perform an accurate early treatment and improve the therapeutic effect.
- miRNA-5100 which is a medicament for acute kidney injury
- a composition through action on a gene, a gene product, an agonist / antagonist, or another pathway that is a target of miRNA-5100 expression regulation can be used as a functional activity regulator.
- miRNA-5100 as a drug for acute kidney injury, other miRNA transcription regulators may be used, expression may be regulated by various vectors, and gene therapy may be performed by CRISPR / Cas. It is possible. In addition, it is possible to perform gene therapy through the action of miRNA-5100 on the gene or pathway targeted for expression regulation.
- the medicament according to the embodiment of the present invention can be used in combination with another composition or the like.
- the composition of the present invention may be administered, sprayed, applied, or the like simultaneously with another composition.
- the functional activity modulator of miRNA-5100 can be used for uses other than medicine.
- an activity inhibitor such as a miRNA inhibitor may be used as the functional activity regulator. Thereby, it can be used for experiments, models, etc. of the mechanism of action in acute kidney injury in animals.
- This miRNA inhibitor can be used, for example, in various compositions containing nucleic acid molecules such as antisense, siRNA, and ribozyme that inhibit expression by inhibiting the production of mature miRNAs, cleaving pri-miRNAs and pre-miRNAs, and the like. It can be used.
- the pCp-Cy-labeled sample was hybridized on an 8 ⁇ 15K format Agilent mouse microRNA array.
- the plate was then washed and scanned using an Agilent Technologies Microarray scanner at a resolution of 3 ⁇ m. Data was analyzed using Agilent Feature Extraction software version 10.7.3.1.
- QRT-PCR (Mouse kidney) Mouse kidneys were homogenized using a glass homogenizer and a filter column shredder (QIA Shredder, Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA). Thereafter, miRNA including miRNA was isolated from the homogenized kidney sample using the miRNeasy mini kit (Qiagen). Next, 1 ⁇ g of the isolated total RNA was reverse transcribed using a miScript II RT kit (Qiagen). Next, real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed using the miScript SYBR green PCR kit (Qiagen). The conditions for qRT-PCR were as follows: QuantStudio 12K Flex Flex Real-Time PCR system, pre-incubation at 95 ° C.
- RNA was isolated from 400 ⁇ l of serum using a NucleoSpin miRNA Plasma column (manufactured by Macherey-Nagel, PA, USA). Next, the isolated total RNA was reverse-transcribed using a miScript II RT kit (Qiagen). Next, real-time RT-PCR was performed using a miScript SYBR green PCR kit (Qiagen). The conditions for qRT-PCR were as follows: QuantStudio-12K Flex Flex Real-Time PCR system, pre-incubation at 95 ° C. for 15 minutes, then (1) denaturation at 94 ° C. for 15 seconds, and (2) denaturation at 55 ° C. for 30 seconds. Forty cycles of annealing, (3), and extension at 70 ° C. for 30 seconds were performed, and the results were analyzed by 2- ⁇ CT method using miRNA-423-3p as endogenous control.
- Example 1 An ischemia-reperfusion model mouse (IRI Model) and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -administered model mouse (LPS Model) were prepared.
- IRI Model ischemia-reperfusion model mouse
- LPS lipopolysaccharide
- LPS Model lipopolysaccharide-administered model mouse
- LPS-administered model mice were administered a single aqueous solution of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ⁇ g / g) in PBS: C57 / B6 mice (9-week-old male) to induce acute renal failure and dissected 24 hours later. These mice and other control mice were purchased from the Animal Breeding Laboratory.
- LPS Lipopolysaccharide
- the miRNA-5100 mimic for overexpression in mice (Overexpression) and the control miRNA were purchased from Gene Design Inc.
- the sequence of miRNA-5100 mimic (manufactured by Gene Design Inc.) is the same as that of SEQ ID NO: 3 described above.
- the control miRNA (Control-miRNA) is a synthetic sequence that is not homologous to the miRNA registered in miRBase, and is a negative control.
- PEI-NP Linear polyethylenimine-based nanoparticle
- Example 1 in vivo-jet PEI (registered trademark, manufactured by Polyplus-transfection) was used as PEI-NP.
- miRNA-5100 mimic was dissolved in a 5% glucose solution at a concentration of 50 ⁇ M.
- PEI-NP was dissolved in a 5% glucose solution.
- miRNA mimic and PEI-NP were mixed and incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes to prepare miRNA-5100 mimic-PEI-NPs. Thereby, the condensed miRNA-5100 mimic is encapsulated in the liposome.
- control-miRNA-PEI-NPs were prepared by mixing PEI-NPP with control miRNA.
- Example 1 analysis of miRNA that changes in acute renal injury and examination of its potential as a biomarker were performed. Therefore, in order to exclude the influence of experimental factors such as surgical procedures and drug administration itself, miRNAs that change in acute kidney injury kidney were microarrayed using two types of established acute kidney injury model mice having different mechanisms. The method was exhaustively analyzed by the method. Among them, the ischemia-reperfusion model mouse is an acute kidney injury model mouse due to ischemia after surgery or the like. On the other hand, the LPS-administered model mouse is an acute kidney injury model mouse with sepsis.
- FIG. 2A and 2B show the results of microarray analysis.
- FIG. 2A shows the results in an ischemia-reperfusion model mouse.
- FIG. 2B shows the results of LPS-administered model mice.
- Microarray analysis of 1881 kinds of miRNAs was performed on the kidneys of each acute kidney injury mouse (4 mice) and normal mice (control mice) (4 mice).
- 18 kinds of miRNAs which were increased by 1.2 times or more in the ischemia / reperfusion acute kidney injury mouse and LPS administration acute kidney injury mouse kidney were compared with 18 times, and 1.2 times.
- a total of 37 miRNAs were selected from 19 types of miRNAs having the above reduction.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the difference in expression level by qRT-PCR normalized with a healthy person as 1.
- the expression level of miRNA-5100 was significantly reduced at P ⁇ 0.05.
- Table 1 below shows the average and standard deviation of the analysis results.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the accuracy evaluation (credibility) of the miRNA-5100 by the ROC curve.
- analysis was performed on a total of 35 cases divided into 15 cases of acute renal disorder patients and 20 healthy persons.
- the AUC was 0.762 and was a specific marker at P ⁇ 0.05.
- the test results for the area product under this curve are shown in Table 2 below.
- miRNA-5100 As a drug for acute kidney injury
- the effect of miRNA-5100 as a medicament for acute kidney injury was examined in an acute kidney injury model mouse.
- the miRNA-5100 mimic is administered using PEI-NP to reach the kidney, and the amount of miRNA-5100 expressed in the kidney, the weight of the kidney, and the amount of the molecule that increases in response to the renal disorder are increased. Measurements were made to evaluate the effect.
- miRNA-5100 mimic-PEI-NPs mice to which ischemia-reperfusion model mice were administered with miRNA-5100 mimic-PEI-NPs were defined as an administration group.
- ischemic reperfusion model mice that were not treated and did not receive PEI-NP (sham operation, Sham), a group of ischemia reperfusion model mice that did not receive PEI-NP (IRI), A group in which control-miRNA-PEI-NPs was administered to a perfusion model mouse (control miRNA administration group) was used.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of miRNA-5100 expression in kidney. Each graph shows the relative expression level of miRNA-5100 with the value of sham set to 1 after the t-test. “*” Indicates that p ⁇ 0.05, and “**” indicates that p ⁇ 0.01 is significant. As a result, in the administration group (miRNA-5100 mimic-PEI-NPs), the relative expression level of miRNA-5100 in the kidney was statistically significantly increased with respect to each control.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing bilateral kidney weight (mg) / body weight (g) in each group.
- the value of sham is set to 1 after the t-test.
- the group to which the miRNA-5100 was administered showed the largest renal swelling.
- increased kidney weight would reduce kidney damage.
- FIGS. 8A to 8D a description will be given of the measurement results of the amount of a molecule that increases due to the administration of miRNA-5100 mimic and reflects renal damage.
- the molecule include NGAL, KIM-1 (Kidney @ injecty @ molecule-1), which are biomarker "candidate" molecules introduced in the guideline for treatment of KDIGO acute renal injury (KDIGO ⁇ Clinical ⁇ Practice ⁇ Guideline ⁇ Acute ⁇ Kidney ⁇ Inquiry).
- FABP, IL-18 Interleukin # 18 was used.
- FIG. 8A is a graph showing the relative expression level of NGAL for each group.
- FIG. 8B is a graph showing the relative expression level of KIM-1 for each group.
- FIG. 8A is a graph showing the relative expression level of NGAL for each group.
- FIG. 8B is a graph showing the relative expression level of KIM-1 for each group.
- FIG. 8C is a graph showing the relative expression level of L-FABP for each group.
- FIG. 8D is a graph showing the relative expression level of IL-18 for each group. Each figure shows the relative expression level when the value of sham was set to 1 after the t test.
- miRNA-5100 mimic-PEI-NPs the ischemia / reperfusion model mouse group (IRI) and the control miRNA administration group (control-miRNA-PEI) -NPs
- the expression was significantly reduced at p ⁇ 0.05, respectively. That is, overexpression of miRNA-5100 in the kidney significantly suppressed molecules that increase in acute kidney injury reflecting kidney injury.
- miRNA-5100 has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for acute kidney injury as an effect.
- the group administered with miRNA-5100 was not statistically significant with respect to the ischemia-reperfusion model mouse group and the group administered with control miRNA.
- the test for the ischemia-reperfusion model mouse group and the control miRNA administration group showed p ⁇ 0.05. Therefore, it is suggested that the expression level of IL-18 may be changed by some mechanism by administration of miRNA after the operation of the ischemia-reperfusion model mouse. In other words, it is presumed that the specificity of IL-18 as a biomarker is low in acute renal injury due to ischemia such as after surgery.
- Example 1 described above showed that when overexpressed by administration of miRNA-5100 mimic, NGAL and KIM-1, which are damage markers for tubular stromal cells, were suppressed. These are involved in mRNAs of ATF-6 pathway and PERK pathway among three pathways of ATF-6 pathway, PERK pathway, and IRE-1 pathway during endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). It was considered possible. Therefore, the expression of the ATF-6 pathway and PERK pathway genes after administration of miRNA-5100 mimic was separately measured by qRT-PCR in the same manner as in Example 1 described above.
- ATF-6 Activating Transcription Factor 6
- BID is one of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins
- IP3R is an inositol trisphosphate receptor that is integrated into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of the cell.
- P53 is a cancer suppressor gene associated with apoptosis.
- FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are graphs showing the relative expression levels of these molecules for each group.
- FIG. 9A is a graph showing the relative expression level of ATF-6 for each group.
- FIG. 9B is a graph showing the relative expression level of BID for each group.
- Each figure shows the relative expression level when the value of sham was set to 1 after the t test.
- the expression of both ATF-6 and BID decreased upon administration of miRNA-5100 mimic.
- These genes are involved in the ATF-6 pathway of the ER stress response. That is, administration of miRNA-5100 mimic decreases expression of these genes, thereby suppressing BiP / GRP78 and GRP94 downstream of the pathway, and suppressing XBP-1 and CHOP, thereby suppressing apoptosis. it is conceivable that.
- FIG. 10A is a graph showing the relative expression level of IP3R for each group.
- FIG. 10B is a graph showing the relative expression level of P53 for each group. These figures also show the relative expression levels where the value of sham was set to 1 after the t test.
- the expression of IP3R was significantly increased by administration of miRNA-5100 mimic.
- the expression of P53 was reduced by administration of miRNA-5100 mimic.
- These genes are involved in the PERK pathway of the ER stress response. Specifically, when the expression of IPR increases, the decrease in Ca influx into the endoplasmic reticulum is suppressed, and apoptosis is suppressed. Furthermore, when the expression of P53 decreases, apoptosis is suppressed.
- FIG. 11 shows a summary of the estimation of the mechanism by which these genes suppress the development of acute kidney injury. That is, administration of miRNA-5100 mimic alters the expression of ATF-6, BID, IP3R, and P53, suppresses renal endoplasmic reticulum stress, suppresses renal apoptosis, and consequently causes acute kidney injury. And it is thought that progress is suppressed.
- the use of miRNA present in blood as an acute kidney injury-specific biomarker can provide a drug for early diagnosis and treatment of acute kidney injury, and can be used industrially.
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Abstract
Description
急性腎障害(AKI)は、数時間から数日という短期間で急激に腎機能が低下する病態である。尿から老廃物を排泄できなくなったり、溢水になったりする。透析が必要になる場合もあり得る。
1. 48時間以内に血清クレアチニン値が0.3mg/dl以上上昇した場合
2. 血清クレアチニン値がそれ以前7日以内に判っていたか予想される基礎値
より1.5倍以上の増加があった場合
3. 尿量が6時間にわたって0.5ml/kg/時間に減少した場合
特許文献1を参照すると、従来のバイオマーカーの一例として、慢性的な糖尿病の状態の指標を示すmiRNAが記載されている。
本発明の急性腎障害の診断方法は、前記急性腎障害特異的バイオマーカーを用いることを特徴とする。
本発明の急性腎障害の診断方法は、前記miRNA-5100の発現が低下している場合、急性腎障害と診断することを特徴とする。
本発明の検査用キットは、miRNA-5100を測定する試薬を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の動物治療方法は、ヒト以外の動物の治療方法であって、miRNA-5100の機能活性を調整することを特徴とする。
本発明の急性腎障害用医薬は、miRNA-5100の機能活性調整剤を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の急性腎障害用医薬は、前記機能活性調整剤は、前記miRNA-5100の機能活性亢進剤を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の急性腎障害用医薬は、前記機能活性亢進剤は、前記miRNA-5100に対応したmiRNAミミックであることを特徴とする。
従来の急性腎障害のバイオマーカー候補は、臨床的に真に有効か否かは未だ不明であり、急性腎障害の特異的治療法は全く実用化されていなかった。
このため、本発明者らは、多様な病態に関与していることが知られてきたmiRNAに着目した。miRNAは人を含む哺乳類で2000種類程度あることがわかっており、その塩基配列は、公共のデータベース(miRBase等)に登録されている。
しかしながら、急性腎障害のバイオマーカーとして有用なmiRNAは知られていなかった。
具体的には、後述の実施例1で詳細を説明するように、本発明者らは、二種類の急性腎障害モデルマウスの腎臓と血液で変化しているmiRNAをマイクロアレイ法、及びリアルタイムPCRの一種であるqRT-PCR法で網羅的に解析し、同定した。さらに、同定したmiRNA発現変化をヒトの血清サンプルについて、qRT-PCRで、健常人及び急性腎障害患者で比較検討し、急性腎障害患者の血清で特異的に変化するmiRNAを同定し、診断方法として使用可能にした。
さらに、このmiRNAを過剰発現させることで、医薬として用いる際の効果が得られることを急性腎障害モデルマウスで確認し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
より詳細に説明すると、本発明の実施の形態に係る急性腎障害特異的バイオマーカーは、急性腎障害患者のmiRNAであることを特徴とする。
miRNAは、タンパク質へ翻訳されないRNAであり、機能性のノンコーディングRNAの一種である。miRNAは、真核生物のゲノム上にコードされ、多段階的な生成過程を経て、最終的に20~25塩基程度の一本鎖RNAとなり、遺伝子の転写後発現調節に関与する。miRNAは、転写後発現調節により、発生、増殖、分化、アポトーシス、代謝といった広範な生物学的プロセスに重要な働きをする。
このうち、マウスの成熟型miRNA-5100(miRbase No:MI0018008)の配列を以下に示す:
5’-ucgaaucccagcggugccucu-3’ (配列番号1)
5’-uucagaucccagcggugccucu-3’ (配列番号2)
さらに、本実施形態の各miRNAは、miRNA、pri-miRNA、pre-miRNA等をコードするRNA、DNA等の核酸分子であってもよい。また、この核酸分子は、人工核酸分子、例えば、ペプチド核酸(Peptide Nucleic Acid、PNA)、ロックド核酸(Locked Nucleic Acid、LNA)等も含む。
本発明の実施の形態に係る急性腎障害の診断方法は、上述の急性腎障害特異的バイオマーカーを用いることを特徴とする。
本発明の実施の形態に係る急性腎障害の診断方法では、主に、患者の血清中又は血漿(以下、単に「血液」という。)に存在するmiRNAレベルを検出することで、急性腎障害であることを診断する。すなわち、本実施形態の急性腎障害の診断方法は、急性腎障害の検査方法としても用いることが可能である。
このmiRNA-5100の発現量の低下は、例えば、患者の血液中に存在する発現量を測定し、得られた数値について、統計的に有意差があるか否かを検定する。
さらに、miRNA-5100の発現の低下と他の診断とを組み合わせて、急性腎障害と診断することが可能である。この他の診断は、例えば、KDIGOで開示された急性腎障害の早期バイオマーカー候補分子であってもよい。この分子としては、例えば、NGAL(Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin)、KIM-1(Kidney Injury Molecule-1)、脂肪酸結合タンパクであるL-FABP(Liver-type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein)を含んでいてもよい。
検定の結果、統計的に有意であれば、当該患者は、急性腎障害であると診断され得る。逆に、統計的に有意でなければ、当該患者は、急性腎障害ではないと診断され得る。この場合、他の指標等から、急性腎障害ではない、別の腎症の患者であると診断することも可能である。
このような診断方法により、発症初期の段階でも、高い信頼性をもって急性腎障害であることを判定することができる。これにより、治療方針の決定に対して重要な情報を提供することができる。
本発明の実施の形態に係る急性腎障害の検査用キットは、上述の急性腎障害特異的バイオマーカーとなるmiRNAを測定する試薬を含むことを特徴とする。
このようなmiRNA測定用の試薬としては、例えば、ノーザンブロット、マイクロアレイ、QCMセンサ測定法、リアルタイムPCR法等の検出用の方式に対応したものを含む。すなわち、本実施形態の各miRNA検出用のプローブやプライマー等、各種酵素類、緩衝液、洗浄液、溶解液等も含まれる。これに加えて、上述の方式によりmiRNAを検出するための資材、器材等を含んでもよい。
本実施形態の急性腎障害用医薬(医療用組成物)は、miRNAの発現量を増加又は低下させる組成物を含むことを特徴とする。
具体的には、本実施形態の医療用組成物は、miRNA-5100の機能活性調整剤を含むことを特徴とする。この機能活性調整剤は、miRNAの発現を調節する作用を有する組成物である。
5’-UCGAAUCCCAGCGGUGCCUCU-3’ (配列番号3)
この場合、投与量として、例えば、腎臓の細胞内において、健常人に対してmiRNA-5100を投与した際の発現量の1.5~2.5倍になるような量のmiRNA-5100ミミック等を用いることが可能である。このうち、2.0倍前後となるような量が特に好適である。
この媒体としては、例えば、プラスミドやウイルスベクターを用いてもよい。このウイルスベクターは、アデノウイルス、アデノ随伴ウイルス、レトロウイルス等の当業者に一般的なウイルスを用いて構成されてもよい。
本発明の実施の形態に係る急性腎障害用医薬は、非経口的又は経口的の投与に適した投与形態において、当該分野で周知の製剤上許容しうる担体を用いて処方され得る。
本発明の実施の形態に係る急性腎障害用医薬の1回の投与量及び投与回数は、投与の目的により、更に、患者の年齢及び体重、症状及び疾患の重篤度等の種々の条件に応じて適宜選択及び変更することが可能である。
投与回数及び期間は、1回のみでもよいし、1日1回~数回、数週間程度投与し、疾患の状態をモニターし、その状態により再度又は繰り返し投与を行ってもよい。
また、本発明の実施の形態において、疾患が改善または軽減される期間は特に限定されないが、一時的な改善または軽減であってもよいし、一定期間の改善または軽減であってもよい。
本発明の実施の形態に係る動物治療方法は、動物の治療方法であって、miRNA-5100の機能活性を調整することを特徴とする。
具体的には、本発明の実施の形態に係る急性腎障害用医薬は、動物の治療を行う動物治療にも用いることが可能である。この動物は、特に限定されるものではなく、脊椎動物及び無脊椎動物を広く含む。脊椎動物としては、魚類、両生類、は虫類、鳥類、及び哺乳類を含む。具体的には、例えば、哺乳類は、例えば、マウス、ラット、フェレット、ハムスター、モルモット、又はウサギ等のげっ歯類、イヌ、ネコ、ヒツジ、ブタ、ウシ、ウマ、又は非ヒューマンのトランスジェニック霊長類等、及びヒトを含んでいてもよい。また、野生動物としては、哺乳類の他にも、魚類、家禽を含む鳥類、爬虫類等を含む。また、エビや昆虫等を含む甲殻類、その他のイカ等の無脊椎動物等も広く含む。
すなわち、本発明の実施の形態に係る急性腎障害用医薬は、ヒトの治療の他に、各種動物の治療、家畜の発育増進等の方法にも用いることができる。このため、本実施形態の患者は、ヒト、及び、上述のヒト以外の動物も含む。
そして、この急性腎障害の治療は、miRNA-5100の機能活性を調整する治療を含むことを特徴とする。加えて、このmiRNA-5100の機能活性を調整する治療は、上述の急性腎障害用医薬を投与すること含むことを特徴とする。
さらに、下記に示すような、当業者により実行される典型的な治療法を組み合わせることで、より効果的に急性腎障害を治療することが可能となる。
このうち、腎前性の急性腎障害は、腎臓への血流が低下する場合であり、脱水、血圧低下等で生じる。また、腎性の急性腎障害は、腎臓そのものに障害がある場合に生じる。この腎性の急性腎障害は、原疾患別に、コレステロール塞栓症、腎梗塞等による血管性の急性腎障害、急性糸球体腎炎、ループス腎炎、ANCA関連血管炎等による糸球体性の急性腎障害、及び、急性間質性腎炎、急性尿細管壊死、薬剤等による尿細管、間質性の急性腎障害に、更に細分化される。一方、腎後性の急性腎障害は、尿路の狭窄又は閉塞により生じる。これは、両側水腎症などで発生する。
さらに、急性腎障害のためのKDIGO診療ガイドラインによれば、典型的な急性腎障害の病期別治療は、「高リスク」状態では、可能な限り腎毒性物質を中止する、体液量と還流圧を担保する、機能的血液動態モニタリングを考慮する、血清クレアチン値と尿量とをモニターする、高血糖を防ぐ、造影剤を用いない代替策を考慮するといった療法を行う。この上で、レベル1では、これらに加え、非侵襲的精密検査を行い、侵襲的精密検査も考慮する。レベル2では、これらに更に加え、腎機能に応じて薬剤投与量を調整する、腎代替療法を考慮する、ICUへの入室を考慮するといった療法を行う。レベル3では、更に、可能なら鎖骨下カテーテルを避けるようにする。
急性腎障害は、KDIGO分類において、血清クレアチニン値上昇及び尿量減少等に基づいて診断されている。しかし、この基準ではすでに治療介入のタイミングを逸していることも少なくなかった。加えて、腎予後の予測については、KDIGO診断基準を用いることができるかどうか明らかではなかった。
このため、近年、尿中NGAL、L-FABP等の急性腎障害の早期バイオマーカー候補分子も報告されてきていた。
一方、L-FABPは、ヒト近位尿細管の細胞質に局在する14kdの蛋白質であり、尿細管への虚血、酸化ストレスによって尿中に排出されるため、尿細管機能障害の早期診断に用いられる。L-FABPのROC曲線下面積は0.70-0.95であり、すべての研究で0.70以上と中等度以上の診断精度であった(AKI診療ガイドライン2016参照)。
また、そもそも、特許文献1に記載されたようなmiRNAについては、急性腎障害特異的なmiRNAの解析ではなかった。
すなわち、本実施形態のバイオマーカーにより、予後の悪い腎疾患である急性腎障害を早期に正確に診断でき、また治療効果が期待できる。
加えて、本発明の実施の形態に係る急性腎障害の診断方法では、腎症のうち急性腎障害であることを早期に、被侵襲的に診断することが可能になる。
さらに、下記の実施例2で示したように、本実施形態のバイオマーカーは、従来のNGAL及びL-FABPよりも急性腎障害を早いステージ(ステージ1)で診断可能である。
これに対して、本実施形態のバイオマーカーは、血液(血清)を試料として測定可能であるため、尿がでない患者でも確実に測定することが可能である。
このように、急性腎障害において、確立された治療薬や治療法はなく、輸液や原因薬物を避ける等の対症療法に限られていた。
特に、DDS等でmiRNA-5100ミミックを投与する等して、miRNA-5100を過剰発現させる補充療法等により、尿管細胞等のアポトーシスを抑制し、急性腎障害の発症、進展による腎機能の低下を予防し、抑えることが可能となる。
具体的には、腎臓の尿細管の壊死と尿細管腔内に蛋白性円柱の充満等を抑えることができる。さらに、急性腎障害の発生時、発生予想時に、予防的に投与することで、急性腎障害の発症、進展を抑制することが期待できる。
しかしながら、miRNAは血液以外、例えば、尿中にも安定して存在している。このため、血液以外の組織、体液、尿等から取得されたmiRNAの量により、急性腎障害であると検出するように構成することも可能である。
さらに、miRNA-5100の発現調整の対象となる遺伝子、遺伝子産物、アゴニスト/アンタゴニスト、その他のパスウェイに対する作用を介した組成物を、機能活性調整剤として用いることも可能である。
加えて、miRNA-5100が発現調整の対象とする遺伝子やパスウェイに対する作用を介した遺伝子治療を行うことも可能である。
このmiRNAインヒビターは、例えば、成熟型のmiRNAの生成を阻害、pri-miRNA、及びpre-miRNAを切断等して、発現を抑制するアンチセンス、siRNA、リボザイム等の核酸分子を含む各種組成物を用いることが可能である。
(マイクロアレイ分析)
miRNA発現の分析は、microRNA Complete Labeling Reagent及びHybキット(Agilent Technologies、CA、USA社製)を用いて、北海道システムサイエンス社(北海道、日本)に外注して実行した。100ngのトータルRNAを、仔ウシ腸ホスファターゼを用いて37℃で30分間脱リン酸化し、100℃で7分間、100%ジメチルスルホキシドを用いて変性させた。次いで、このサンプルを氷上で2分間冷却した。次いで、サンプルにT4リガーゼを用いて16℃で、2時間インキュベーションさせpCp-Cy3で標識した。その後pCp-Cy標識サンプルを8×15KフォーマットAgilentマウスmicroRNAアレイ上でハイブリダイズさせた。その後プレートを洗浄し、Agilent Technologies Microarrayスキャナーを用いて3μmの分解能でスキャンした。データは、Agilent Feature Extractionソフトウェアバージョン10.7.3.1を使用して解析した。
AgilentデータをGeneSpring GX(Agilent Technologies社製)にインポートし、チップあたり90パーセンタイルに正規化した。 一元配置分散分析(ANOVA)を用いて異なる群間の差異を解析した。ANOVAによって統計的有意性が検出された場合、2つの異なる群の平均を比較するためにポストホック検定としてTukey検定を行った。P<0.05を有意差ありと判定した。
(マウス腎臓)
ガラスホモジナイザー及びフィルターカラムシュレッダー(QIAシュレッダー、Qiagen、Valencia、CA、USA製)を用いて、マウス腎臓をホモジナイズした。その後、miRNeasy mini kit(Qiagen)を使用して、均質化した腎臓サンプルからmiRNAを含むトータルRNAを単離した。次に、miScript II RTキット(Qiagen)を用いて、単離された1μgのtotal RNAを逆転写した。次に、miScript SYBR green PCRキット(Qiagen)を用いてリアルタイムRT-PCR(qRT-PCR)を行った。qRT-PCRの条件はQuantStudio 12K Flex Flex Real-Time PCR systemを用いて、95℃で15分間のプレインキュベーション、次いで、(1)94℃で15秒間の変性、(2)55℃で30秒間のアニーリング、(3)70℃で30秒間の伸長のサイクルを40サイクル行い、結果は、RNU6-2(QUIAGEN社製)をendogenous controlとして用いて、2-ΔΔCT methodで解析した。
ヒト血清のmiRNAレベル解析は、NucleoSpin miRNA Plasmaカラム(Macherey-Nagel、PA、USA製)を用いて400μlの血清からトータルRNAを単離した。次に、単離したトータルRNAをmiScript II RTキット(Qiagen)を用いて逆転写した。次に、miScript SYBR green PCRキット(Qiagen)を用いてリアルタイムRT-PCRを行った。qRT-PCRの条件はQuantStudio-12K Flex Flex Real-Time PCR systemを用いて、95℃で15分間のプレインキュベーション、次いで(1)94℃で15秒間の変性、(2)55℃で30秒間のアニーリング、(3)及び70℃で30秒間の伸長のサイクルを40サイクル行い、結果は、miRNA-423-3pをendogenous controlとして用いて、2-ΔΔCT methodで解析した。
マウスmiRNA-5100 PCRに使用したプライマー(QIAGEN社製):
5’-UCGAAUCCCAGCGGUGCCUCU-3’(配列番号4)
5’-UUCAGAUCCCAGCGGUGCCUCU-3’(配列番号5)
図1により、試験に用いた急性腎障害モデルマウスについて説明する。本実施例1においては、虚血再灌流モデルマウス(IRI Model)、及びリポポリサッカライド(LPS)投与モデルマウス(LPS Model)を用意した。
虚血再灌流モデルマウスは、C57/B6 mice(9週齢、雄)の右腎臓を摘出後、左腎動脈を45分間クランプして腎血流を遮断し、急性腎不全を誘導し24時間後に解剖した。
LPS投与モデルマウスは、Lipopolysaccharide(LPS、10μg/g)PBS水溶液を:C57/B6 mice(9週齢 雄)に単回投与し急性腎不全を誘導し24時間後に解剖した。
これらの基になったマウス、その他のコントロールマウスは、動物繁殖研究所より購入した。
(miRNA-5100ミミック及びコントロールmiRNA)
マウスでの過剰発現(Overexpression)用のmiRNA-5100ミミック、及びコントロールのmiRNAは、株式会社ジーンデザインから購入した。
miRNA-5100ミミック(株式会社ジーンデザイン製)の配列は、上述の配列番号3と同様である。
コントロールのmiRNA(Control-miRNA)は、miRBaseに登録されているmiRNAと相同しない合成配列であり、ネガティブコントロールである。
miRNA-5100を投与する際の非ウイルス性キャリアとして、ナノサイズのリポソームであるLinear polyethylenimine-based nanoparticle(PEI-NP)を使用した。PEI-NPは、生体適合性、安定性、トランスフェクション能力に優れているため、miRNAの投与について好適に用いられる。本実施例1では、PEI-NPとして、in vivo-jetPEI(登録商標、Polyplus-transfection社製)を用いた。
具体的には、miRNA-5100ミミックを濃度50μMの5%グルコース溶液に溶解した。PEI-NPは、5%グルコース溶液に溶解した。miRNAミミック及びPEI-NPを混合し、室温で15分間インキュベートして、miRNA-5100 mimic-PEI-NPsを調整した。これにより、凝縮したmiRNA-5100ミミックは、リポソームでカプセル化される。
同じ方式を用いて、コントロールのmiRNAにPEI-NPPを混合させたcontrol-miRNA-PEI-NPsを調製した。
(マイクロアレイ解析及びqRT-PCR結果)
本実施例1では、急性腎障害で変化するmiRNAの解析とバイオマーカーとしての可能性の検討を行った。このため、外科手技、薬物投与そのもの等の実験的因子の影響を除外するため、機序の異なる確立された2種類の急性腎障害モデルマウスを用いて、急性腎障害腎臓で変化するmiRNAをマイクロアレイ法で網羅的に解析した。
このうち、虚血再灌流モデルマウスは、外科手術後等の虚血による急性腎障害モデルマウスである。一方、LPS投与モデルマウスは、敗血症での急性腎障害モデルマウスである。
それぞれ、各急性腎障害マウス(4匹)と正常マウス(コントロールマウス)(4匹)の腎臓で、1881種類のmiRNAのマイクロアレイ解析を行った。
結果として、1881種類のmiRNAのなかから、虚血再灌流急性腎障害マウス及びLPS投与急性腎障害マウス腎臓で共通して1.2倍以上上昇しているmiRNAを18種類と、1.2倍以上低下しているmiRNAを19種類、合計37種類を選出した。
マウスの血清で特異的に変化するmiRNAについて、ヒトにおいて、血清で健常人と比較し急性腎障害患者で変化するmiRNAを検索し、急性腎障害のバイオマーカーとなるmiRNAを同定した。
急性腎障害モデルマウスの腎臓で有意に発現変化していた37種類のmiRNAについて、急性腎障害患者(31例)(KDIGO分類で診断)、健常人(23例)の血清からNucleoSpin(登録商標) miRNA Plasma kitを用いてmiRNAを抽出し、miScript II RT Kit(登録商標)を用いて、cDNAを作成し、qRT-PCRでmiRNAの発現を比較検討した。
これにより、急性腎障害患者の血清でのみ特異的に発現減少するmiRNAである、miRNA-5100を同定した。
次に、図3により、miRNA-5100の発現量の変化について説明する。
図3は、健常人を1として正規化し、qRT-PCRによる発現量の差をみたグラフである。miRNA-5100の発現量は、P<0.05で有意に低下していた。
この解析結果について、下記の表1に平均及び標準偏差を示す。
この曲線の下の領域積についての検定結果を、下記の表2に示す。
次に、急性腎障害モデルマウスで、miRNA-5100による急性腎障害の医薬としての効果について検討した。
具体的には、miRNA-5100ミミックを、PEI-NPを用いて投与し、腎臓へ到達させ、腎臓でのmiRNA-5100の発現量、腎重量、腎障害を反映して上昇する分子の量の測定を行って、効果を評価した。
ここで、虚血再灌流モデルマウスにmiRNA-5100 mimic-PEI-NPsを投与したものを投与群とした。これに対するコントロールとして、虚血再灌流モデルマウスの施術をせずPEI-NPも投与しない群(偽手術、Sham)、PEI-NPを投与しない虚血再灌流モデルマウス群(IRI)、虚血再灌流モデルマウスにcontrol-miRNA-PEI-NPsを投与した群(コントロールmiRNA投与群)を用いた。
結果として、投与群(miRNA-5100 mimic-PEI-NPs)では、各コントロールに対して、腎中のmiRNA-5100の相対的な発現量が統計的に有意に増加した。
結果として、miRNA-5100投与群(miRNA-5100 mimic-PEI-NPs)は、最も腎腫大を認めた。予備的な実験において、急性腎障害においては、腎重量がより増加することで、腎臓へのダメージが抑えられると推測されている。
このように、miRNA-5100は急性腎障害の治療薬になる可能性があることが効果として示された。
(miRNA-5100の従来のAKIマーカーとの比較)
実際の急性腎障害患者(14例)について、従来のAKIマーカーである尿中NGAL値、尿中L-FAB値と、miRNA-5100の発現低下による診断との比較を行った。
miRNA-5100の発現低下による診断は、上述の実施例1と同様である。
尿中NGALは、患者から採尿後、400G以上で5分間遠心分離し、上清を採取し、株式会社SRLに提出し、CLIA法で測定した。
尿中L-FABPは、採取した尿を冷蔵保存し、株式式会社SRLにて、CLEIA法で測定した。
この結果について、下記の表3に示す。
結果として、miRNA-5100の発現低下は、NGAL、L-FABPが変化していない早いステージ(stage 1)の急性腎障害においても認められた。これにより、miRNA-5100は、急性腎障害のバイオマーカーとしてNGAL、L-FABPより優位性があると考えられる。
上述の実施例1では、miRNA-5100ミミックの投与による過剰発現時に、尿細管間質細胞の障害マーカーであるNGALとKIM-1が抑制されたことを示した。これらは、小胞体ストレス(Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress、ERストレス)時におけるATF-6経路、PERK経路、IRE-1経路の3つの経路のうち、ATF-6経路、PERKの経路のmRNAに関与している可能性があると考えられた。このため、上述の実施例1と同様にして、ATF-6経路、PERKの経路の遺伝子について、別途、miRNA-5100ミミックの投与後の発現を、qRT-PCRで測定した。
ATF-6及びBIDは、いずれもmiRNA-5100ミミックの投与により、発現が減少していた。これらの遺伝子は、小胞体ストレス応答のATF-6経路に関連している。すなわち、miRNA-5100ミミックの投与で、これらの遺伝子の発現が低下することにより、当該経路の下流のBiP/GRP78やGRP94を抑制し、XBP-1やCHOPも抑制することで、アポトーシスを抑制できると考えられる。
IP3Rは、miRNA-5100ミミックの投与により、発現が有意に上昇していた。一方、P53は、miRNA-5100ミミックの投与により、発現が減少していた。これらの遺伝子は、小胞体ストレス応答のPERK経路に関連している。具体的には、IPRが発現上昇すると、小胞体へのCa流入低下が抑制され、アポトーシスが抑制される。さらに、P53が発現減少すると、アポトーシスが抑制される。
すなわち、miRNA-5100ミミックの投与で、ATF-6、BID、IP3R、P53の発現が変化し、腎臓の小胞体ストレスを抑制し、腎臓のアポトーシスを抑制して、結果として、急性腎障害の発症及び進展を抑制すると考えられる。
Claims (8)
- 急性腎障害特異的バイオマーカーであって、
miRNA-5100である
ことを特徴とする急性腎障害特異的バイオマーカー。 - 請求項1に記載の急性腎障害特異的バイオマーカーを用いる
ことを特徴とする急性腎障害の診断方法。 - 前記miRNA-5100の発現が低下している場合、急性腎障害と診断する
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の急性腎障害の診断方法。 - miRNA-5100を測定する試薬を含む
ことを特徴とする急性腎障害の検査用キット。 - ヒト以外の動物の治療方法であって、
miRNA-5100の機能活性を調整する
ことを特徴とする動物治療方法。 - miRNA-5100の機能活性調整剤を含む
ことを特徴とする急性腎障害用医薬。 - 前記機能活性調整剤は、
前記miRNA-5100の機能活性亢進剤を含む
ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の急性腎障害用医薬。 - 前記機能活性亢進剤は、前記miRNA-5100に対応したmiRNAミミックである
ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の急性腎障害用医薬。
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| PCT/JP2019/039227 Ceased WO2020071518A1 (ja) | 2018-10-04 | 2019-10-04 | 急性腎障害特異的バイオマーカー、急性腎障害の診断方法、急性腎障害の検査用キット、動物治療方法、及び急性腎障害用医薬 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220002803A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3862438A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7166659B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN112789356A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2020071518A1 (ja) |
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| JP2013514277A (ja) | 2009-12-16 | 2013-04-25 | ザ ユニバーシティ オブ ウェスタン オンタリオ | 糖尿病におけるmiRNAに関連する組成物と方法 |
| JP2015501650A (ja) * | 2011-12-15 | 2015-01-19 | フンダシオン・パラ・ラ・インベスティガシオン・ビオメディカ・デル・オスピタル・ウニベルシタリオ・ラモン・イ・カハルFundacionpara La Investigacion Biomedica Del Hospital Universitario Ramon Y Cajal | 急性腎障害の診断および/または予後診断方法 |
| WO2015190591A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-17 | 東レ株式会社 | 乳がんの検出キット又はデバイス及び検出方法 |
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| WO2017171048A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-05 | 東レ株式会社 | 早期膵がん又は膵がん前駆病変の検出キット又はデバイス及び検出方法 |
| JP2018506998A (ja) * | 2015-03-02 | 2018-03-15 | アクソーラボズ ゲーエムベーハー | オリゴヌクレオチドの同時検出法、それに関するキットおよび使用法 |
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| EP2261660B1 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2013-08-07 | National University Corporation Nagoya University | Biomarker for the estimation of acute renal disorder and prognosis of the disorder, and use of the biomarker |
| CN105392801A (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-03-09 | 比奥根Ma公司 | 使用抗αvβ5抗体治疗和预防急性肾损伤 |
| CN104569417B (zh) * | 2013-10-12 | 2016-06-01 | 广州瑞博奥生物科技有限公司 | 一种用于早期诊断急性肾损伤的抗体芯片试剂盒 |
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2019
- 2019-10-04 WO PCT/JP2019/039227 patent/WO2020071518A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2019-10-04 JP JP2020551095A patent/JP7166659B2/ja active Active
- 2019-10-04 US US17/282,759 patent/US20220002803A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-10-04 EP EP19868474.8A patent/EP3862438A4/en active Pending
- 2019-10-04 CN CN201980064563.8A patent/CN112789356A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2020071518A1 (ja) | 2021-12-02 |
| JP7166659B2 (ja) | 2022-11-08 |
| US20220002803A1 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
| CN112789356A (zh) | 2021-05-11 |
| EP3862438A1 (en) | 2021-08-11 |
| EP3862438A4 (en) | 2022-08-03 |
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