WO2020071274A1 - 摺動部材 - Google Patents
摺動部材Info
- Publication number
- WO2020071274A1 WO2020071274A1 PCT/JP2019/038155 JP2019038155W WO2020071274A1 WO 2020071274 A1 WO2020071274 A1 WO 2020071274A1 JP 2019038155 W JP2019038155 W JP 2019038155W WO 2020071274 A1 WO2020071274 A1 WO 2020071274A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- negative pressure
- pressure generating
- generating mechanism
- sliding
- land
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
- F16C17/047—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with fixed wedges to generate hydrodynamic pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
- F16J15/3404—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal
- F16J15/3408—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface
- F16J15/3424—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface with microcavities
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
- F16C17/045—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with grooves in the bearing surface to generate hydrodynamic pressure, e.g. spiral groove thrust bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/06—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings
- F16C32/0629—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a liquid cushion, e.g. oil cushion
- F16C32/0633—Bearings not otherwise provided for with moving member supported by a fluid cushion formed, at least to a large extent, otherwise than by movement of the shaft, e.g. hydrostatic air-cushion bearings supported by a liquid cushion, e.g. oil cushion the liquid being retained in a gap
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
- F16J15/3404—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal
- F16J15/3408—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface
- F16J15/3412—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface with cavities
Definitions
- the present invention relates to, for example, mechanical seals, bearings, and other sliding members suitable for sliding portions.
- the present invention relates to a sliding member such as a sealing ring or a bearing which needs to reduce friction on a sliding surface and prevent fluid from leaking from the sliding surface.
- the positive pressure generated by the positive pressure generating mechanism provided on the sealed fluid side expands the sliding surface, and a fluid having a liquid film interposed on the sliding surface.
- the sliding torque can be reduced.
- the negative pressure generated by the negative pressure generating mechanism provided on the leak side a pumping action of sucking fluid from the leak side to the sliding surface is generated, and the leak amount can be extremely reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a sliding member that can reduce the sliding torque, maintain the sealing function, and can be downsized.
- the sliding member of the present invention A pair of sliding members that slide relative to each other on a sliding surface, At least one of the sliding surfaces includes a negative pressure generating mechanism separated from the leak side by a leak side land, and a land disposed in the negative pressure generating mechanism.
- cavitation occurs in the negative pressure generating mechanism due to pressure drop, and the inside of the cavitation is vaporized and filled with a gas having low viscosity, so that the sliding torque of the sliding member can be reduced.
- a positive pressure is generated by the wedge effect of the land disposed in the negative pressure generating mechanism, and the sliding surface is expanded and fluid can be interposed on the sliding surface. Can be reduced.
- the fluid can be sucked into the sliding surface from the leak side, and the leak amount can be extremely reduced.
- a single negative pressure generating mechanism can improve the contradictory performance of reducing sliding torque and improving sealing performance. The size can be reduced.
- the sliding member of the present invention The land portion disposed in the negative pressure generating mechanism is formed in an island shape surrounded by the negative pressure generating mechanism. According to this feature, the fluid lubrication function is exerted near the island-like land as a positive pressure area to reduce the sliding torque, and the part away from the island-like land is slid as a gas phase area by the cavitation area. Since a reduction in torque and an improvement in sealing performance by pumping action can be achieved, the sliding torque can be reduced and the sealing performance can be reduced by one negative pressure generation mechanism 21 without separately providing a positive pressure generation mechanism and a negative pressure generation mechanism. The contradictory performance of improvement can be improved.
- the sliding member of the present invention may further include a bridge portion extending to the land portion on the sealed fluid side. According to this feature, the gas in the negative pressure generating mechanism is efficiently blocked by the island-shaped land portion provided in the negative pressure generating mechanism and the bridge portion extending to the land portion on the sealed fluid side. Since the positive pressure is generated by stopping, the sliding torque can be further reduced by interposing gas on the sliding surface.
- the sliding member of the present invention includes a guide groove extending from a leak side to the land disposed in the negative pressure generating mechanism. According to this feature, the fluid in the negative pressure generating mechanism is efficiently guided from the leak side to the land disposed in the negative pressure generating mechanism by the guide groove, and is blocked by the land to generate a positive pressure. , The sliding torque can be reduced.
- the sliding member of the present invention includes a guide groove extending from each of the leak side and the sealed fluid side to the land portion provided in the negative pressure generating mechanism. According to this feature, the fluid in the negative pressure generating mechanism is efficiently guided by the guide groove from the leakage side and the sealed fluid side to the land disposed in the negative pressure generating mechanism, and is blocked by the land. As a result, the sliding pressure can be reduced.
- the sliding member of the present invention is characterized in that the sliding surface includes a remaining portion excluding the land portion. According to this feature, since the negative pressure generating mechanism is composed of the remaining part except the land portion from the sliding surface, the area of the negative pressure generating mechanism can be increased, and the sliding with the low-viscosity gas can be achieved. Since the contact area with the surface can be increased, the sliding torque can be reduced.
- the sliding member of the present invention The negative pressure generating mechanism is disposed over an average diameter of the sliding surface. According to this feature, since the negative pressure generating mechanism is disposed on both sides of the average diameter of the sliding surface, the area of the negative pressure generating mechanism can be increased, and thus the sliding pressure with the gas having low viscosity can be increased. Since the contact area with the moving surface can be increased, the sliding torque can be reduced.
- the sliding member of the present invention includes a fluid introduction groove communicating with the fluid to be sealed, a groove having an opening communicating with the fluid introduction groove on the downstream side, and a toe having an upstream end surrounded by a land.
- the sliding member of the present invention includes a positive pressure generating mechanism having an opening communicating with the fluid introduction groove. According to this feature, the land surrounding the toe is generated by the positive pressure generating mechanism to maintain the fluid lubricating state by generating a positive pressure even when the fluid lubricating state cannot be sufficiently obtained at the time of starting or the like. be able to.
- the sliding member of the present invention A plurality of the negative pressure generating mechanisms are provided on the sliding surface. According to this feature, the negative pressure generating mechanism and the land can be optimally arranged according to the size of the sliding surface.
- the sliding member of the present invention A plurality of the lands provided in the negative pressure generating mechanism are provided in the negative pressure generating mechanism. According to this feature, the land portion can be optimally arranged in the negative pressure generating mechanism according to the size of the sliding surface.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a sliding surface of the sliding member of Example 1 as viewed from arrows WW in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a sliding surface of a sliding member according to a second embodiment as viewed from arrows WW in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of a sliding surface of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a sliding surface of a sliding member according to a third embodiment as viewed from arrows WW in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing a sliding surface of a sliding member according to a fourth embodiment as viewed from arrows WW in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a sliding surface of a sliding member 5 as viewed in the direction of arrows WW in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a sliding surface of a sliding member of Example 6 as viewed from arrows WW in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing a sliding surface of a sliding member of Example 7 as viewed from arrows WW in FIG. 1.
- the sliding member according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- a mechanical seal as an example of a sliding member will be described.
- the outer peripheral side of the sliding member constituting the mechanical seal will be described as the sealed fluid side (high pressure fluid side), and the inner peripheral side will be described as the leak side (low pressure fluid side).
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a mechanical seal 1, which is an inside type in which a fluid to be sealed is leaked from an outer periphery of a sliding surface toward an inner periphery thereof. It consists of a side cartridge and a fixed side cartridge.
- the rotary cartridge includes a sleeve 2 fitted to a rotary shaft 10, an annular rotary seal ring 3 as one of the sliding members, and a packing 8 for sealing between the sleeve 2 and the rotary seal ring 3. ,
- the rotating cartridge rotates integrally with the rotating shaft 10.
- the stationary cartridge includes a housing 4 attached to a casing 9, an annular stationary sealing ring 5 serving as the other sliding member, a bellows 7 for sealing the stationary sealing ring 5 and the housing 4, and a stationary sealing ring. And a coiled wave spring 6 that urges the rotary seal ring 3 through the bellows 5 and the bellows 7, and the fixed cartridge is fixed to the casing 9 in the rotational direction and the axial direction.
- FIG. 1 shows a case where the width of the sliding surface S of the rotating side sealing ring 3 is wider than the width of the sliding surface S of the stationary side sealing ring 5, the present invention is not limited to this. Of course, the present invention can be applied to the case.
- the material of the rotating side sealing ring 3 and the stationary side sealing ring 5 is selected from silicon carbide (SiC) having excellent wear resistance and carbon having excellent self-lubricating properties.
- the side sealing ring 3 is made of SiC, and the fixed sealing ring 5 can be made of a combination of carbon.
- the sliding surface S of the stationary sealing ring 5 is provided with a negative pressure generating mechanism 21.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 is isolated from the leak side by the leak side land portion R2.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 includes a fluid introduction groove 22 communicating with the sealed fluid side, an opening 24 communicating with the fluid introduction groove 22 on the downstream side, and a sealed fluid side land portion R1 and a leak side land portion R2.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 is configured such that the toe portion 25 on the upstream side is connected to the sealed fluid side and the radial land portion R3 disposed between the sealed fluid side land portion R1 and the leak side land portion R2.
- the downstream opening 24 is isolated from the leak side and communicates with the sealed fluid side.
- the groove 23 has a depth of 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m
- the fluid introduction groove 22 has a depth of 50 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m
- the fluid introduction groove 22 is formed deeper than the groove 23.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 is disposed on both sides of the average diameter Rm across the average diameter Rm of the sliding surface S of the stationary side sealing ring 5.
- the average diameter Rm (Ro + Ri) / 2, where Ro is the outer diameter of the sliding surface S, and Ri is the inner diameter of the sliding surface S.
- a predetermined number (six in the embodiment of FIG. 2) of land portions 26 are arranged inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 21.
- the land 26 is formed in an island shape surrounded by the groove 23.
- the land 26 has walls 26a, 26b, 26c surrounding the internal space 26e, and an opening 26d opening toward the upstream side.
- the internal space 26e communicates with the groove 23 through the opening 26d. .
- the surface on which the wall portions 26a, 26b, 26c of the land portion 26 slide with the mating sliding surface S (the sliding surface S of the rotary seal ring 3) is the sealed fluid side land portion R1, the leak side land portion R2. And, it is finished smoothly at substantially the same height as the radial land portion R3 of the negative pressure generating mechanism 21.
- the outer shape of the land 26 is formed in a rectangular shape, the outer shape of the land 26 may be formed in a polygon such as a triangle, a pentagon or more.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 is composed of the sliding surface S of the fixed-side sealing ring 5 and the remaining portion excluding the island-shaped land portion 26, the sealed fluid-side land portion R1, the leak-side land portion R2, and the radial land portion R3. .
- the fluid in the groove 23 of the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 causes the viscosity of the rotating side sealing ring 3 to decrease due to its viscosity. Following the movement direction, it moves to the downstream side, passes through the fluid introduction groove 22 on the downstream side, and is discharged to the sealed fluid side. For this reason, in the negative pressure generating mechanism 21, the fluid discharged from the inside of the groove 23 becomes larger than the fluid supplied into the groove 23, and the inside of the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 becomes negative pressure and cavitation occurs.
- the cavitation region is a gas phase generated as a result of the liquid film breaking due to insufficient flow of the liquid.
- the sliding torque is dominated by friction of a gas having a low viscosity, and the sliding torque can be reduced as compared with the conventional fluid lubrication using a liquid.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 is provided with a substantially equal width on both sides of the average diameter Rm across the average diameter Rm of the sliding surface S of the fixed-side sealing ring 5, so that the leakage of the sliding surface S is reduced.
- a cavitation area can be formed in a wide range from the side to the sealed fluid side. As a result, the sliding surface S slides with the gas having low viscosity over a wide range, so that the sliding torque can be reduced.
- the land portion 26 is disposed inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 21, and a positive pressure can be generated by the wedge effect generated in the land portion 26, and the sliding surface S can be spread and brought into a fluid lubricated state.
- the number of the land portions 26 is not limited to this embodiment as long as the sliding surface S can be spread and brought into a fluid lubricated state, and the number of the land portions 26 may be more or less than six.
- the sliding member of the present invention has the following effects. 1. In the cavitation area inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 21, sliding with gas having low friction is dominant, so that sliding torque can be reduced as compared with the conventional fluid lubrication using liquid. 2. The fluid in the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 generates a positive pressure due to the wedge effect in the land portion 26 and pushes the gap between the sliding surfaces S to maintain the sliding surface S in a fluid lubricated state. Sliding torque can be reduced. 3. Since the inside of the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 has a negative pressure, a pumping action of sucking fluid from the leak side into the sliding surface S is exhibited, and the leak can be extremely reduced, so that the sealing performance can be further improved. 4.
- a positive pressure is generated around the land portion 26 to spread the gap between the sliding surfaces S, thereby enabling a fluid lubrication state. Can be reduced. Further, in the cavitation region inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 21, sliding with gas having small friction is dominant, so that the sliding torque can be further reduced. Further, since the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 exerts a pumping action by utilizing the negative pressure in the negative pressure generating mechanism 21, leakage can be extremely reduced. That is, the contradictory performance of reducing the sliding torque and improving the sealing performance can be achieved by one negative pressure generating mechanism 21 without separately providing the positive pressure generating mechanism and the negative pressure generating mechanism as in the prior art. The size of the sliding member can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 shows a sliding surface S of the sliding member according to the second embodiment, which is different from the first embodiment in having a guide groove 29, but the other configuration is the same as the first embodiment.
- the same members as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the duplicate description will be omitted.
- the sliding surface S of the stationary side sealing ring 5 is provided with a negative pressure generating mechanism 21.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 includes a fluid introduction groove 22 communicating with the sealed fluid side, an opening 24 communicating with the fluid introduction groove 22 on the downstream side, a sealed fluid side land portion R1, a leak side land portion R2, and a diameter.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 is configured such that the toe portion 25 on the upstream side is connected to the sealed fluid side and the radial land portion R3 disposed between the sealed fluid side land portion R1 and the leak side land portion R2.
- the downstream opening 24 is isolated from the leak side and communicates with the sealed fluid side.
- the groove 23 has a depth of 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m
- the fluid introduction groove 22 has a depth of 50 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m
- the fluid introduction groove 22 is formed deeper than the groove 23.
- a predetermined number (six in the embodiment of FIG. 3) of island-shaped land portions 26 surrounded by the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 are arranged inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 21.
- the land 26 has walls 26a, 26b, 26c surrounding the internal space 26e, and an opening 26d opening toward the upstream side.
- the internal space 26e communicates with the groove 23 through the opening 26d.
- the surface on which the wall portions 26a, 26b, 26c of the land portion 26 slide with the mating sliding surface S (the sliding surface S of the rotary seal ring 3) is the sealed fluid side land portion R1, the leak side land portion R2. And it is finished smoothly at the same height as the radial land portion R3.
- the outer shape of the land portion 26 is formed in a rectangular shape, but is not limited thereto, and may be formed in a triangular shape, a polygon having five or more pentagons, a semicircle, a semielliptical shape, or the like.
- a guide groove 29 is provided at the bottom of the negative pressure generating mechanism 21.
- the guide groove 29 is configured by arranging a plurality of extremely fine grooves shallower than the groove portions 23 of the negative pressure generating mechanism 21.
- the guide grooves 29 are disposed at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction from the land portion R1 on the sealed fluid side toward the center (average diameter Rm) of the sliding surface S, and the sealed fluid-side guide grooves 29a, and It comprises a leakage-side guide groove 29b which is disposed at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction from the leakage-side land portion R2 toward the center (average diameter Rm) of the sliding surface S.
- the sealed fluid-side guide groove 29a and the leak-side guide groove 29b are disposed so as to face the opening 26d of the land 26 as a whole.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 is composed of the sliding surface S of the fixed-side sealing ring 5 and the remaining portion excluding the land 26, the sealed fluid-side land R1, the leak-side land R2, and the radial land R3.
- the cavitation region is a gas phase region that is generated as a result of the liquid film breaking due to insufficient flow of the liquid.
- the sliding torque is dominated by friction of a gas having a low viscosity, and the sliding torque can be reduced as compared with the conventional fluid lubrication using a liquid.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 is provided with a substantially equal width on both sides of the average diameter Rm across the average diameter Rm of the sliding surface S of the fixed-side sealing ring 5, so that the leakage of the sliding surface S is reduced.
- a cavitation area can be formed in a wide range from the side to the sealed fluid side. Accordingly, the sliding surface slides with the gas having low viscosity over a wide range, so that the sliding torque can be reduced.
- the sliding surface S becomes a negative pressure as a whole, and the stationary sealing ring 5 and the rotating sealing ring 3 are attracted to and come into contact with each other, and the fluid lubrication state is obtained. Cannot be maintained. Therefore, the land portion 26 is disposed inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 21, and a positive pressure is generated by the wedge effect of the land portion 26, and the sliding surface S can be pushed and widened to be in a fluid lubricated state.
- the number of the land portions 26 is not limited to this embodiment as long as the space between the sliding surfaces S can be spread and brought into a fluid lubricating state. The number of the land portions 26 may be more or less than six. .
- the cavitation area is mainly a gas phase area, but a liquid flow usually exists inside the cavitation area. Since the liquid is heavier than the gas and collects at the bottom of the negative pressure generating mechanism 21, the guide groove 29 is provided at the bottom of the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 so that the liquid in the cavitation area is disposed inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 21. Can be efficiently collected on the land 26. The liquid collected in the opening 26d of the land 26 generates a large positive pressure due to the wedge effect of the land 26, and pushes the gap between the sliding surfaces S to maintain the fluid lubrication state.
- the liquid in the cavitation region is guided by the sealed fluid side guide groove 29a and the leak side guide groove 29b, and a band-shaped liquid phase region is formed at the center of the sliding surface S. Further, the liquid phase region is guided to the opening 26d of the land 26 by the rotation of the rotary side sealing ring 3, and a large positive pressure is generated by the wedge effect of the land 26, thereby expanding the gap between the sliding surfaces S and sliding.
- the moving surface S can be maintained in a fluid lubricated state.
- both sides of the liquid phase region are cavitation regions, and the sliding torque is dominated by the friction of the gas with low viscosity, so the sliding torque can be reduced as compared with the conventional fluid lubrication using liquid.
- the cavitation area is a negative pressure area, the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 exerts a pumping action of sucking fluid from the leak side into the sliding surface S by using the negative pressure, thereby reducing leakage. .
- the guide groove 29 includes the sealed fluid side guide groove 29a and the leak side guide groove 29b, but may be formed of the sealed fluid side guide groove 29a or the leak side guide groove 29b.
- the sliding member of the present invention has the following effects. 1. By generating a negative pressure in the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 and making the inside of the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 a cavitation area, friction in the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 due to gas becomes dominant. Sliding torque can be reduced as compared with lubrication. 2. Since the liquid in the cavitation area is heavier than the gas and collects at the bottom of the negative pressure generating mechanism 21, the guide groove 29 is provided at the bottom of the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 to efficiently guide the liquid remaining in the cavitation area to a predetermined position. be able to. 3.
- the liquid in the cavitation area guided to the land 26 by the guide groove 29 generates a positive pressure due to the wedge effect in the land 26, and pushes the gap between the sliding surfaces S to make the sliding surface S in a fluid lubricated state. Can be maintained. 4. Since the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 is in the negative pressure region, the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 exhibits a pumping action of sucking fluid from the leak side into the sliding surface S by the negative pressure, thereby reducing leakage and further improving the sealing performance. Can be improved. 5. By arranging the land portion 26 inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 21, a positive pressure is generated around the land portion 26 to push the gap between the sliding surfaces S to be in a fluid lubricated state. The torque can be reduced.
- the cavitation area inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 is a gas phase area with small friction, so that the sliding torque can be further reduced.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 21 exerts a pumping action by utilizing the negative pressure in the negative pressure generating mechanism 21, so that leakage can be extremely reduced and the sealing performance can be improved. That is, the contradictory performance of reducing the sliding torque and improving the sealing performance can be achieved by one negative pressure generating mechanism 21 without separately providing the positive pressure generating mechanism and the negative pressure generating mechanism as in the prior art.
- the size of the sliding member can be reduced.
- FIG. 5 shows the sliding surface S of the sliding member according to the third embodiment. Only the shape of the land portion 36 and the configuration of the guide groove 39 are different from those of the second embodiment. Is the same as Hereinafter, the same members as those of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted.
- the sliding surface S of the stationary sealing ring 5 has a negative pressure generating mechanism 31.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 31 includes a fluid introduction groove 32 communicating with the sealed fluid side, an opening 34 communicating with the fluid introduction groove 32 on the downstream side, a sealed fluid side land portion R1, a leak side land portion R2, and a diameter.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 31 is configured such that the toe portion 35 on the upstream side is connected to the sealed fluid side by the radial land portion R3 disposed between the sealed fluid side land portion R1 and the leak side land portion R2.
- the downstream opening 34 is isolated from the leak side and communicates with the sealed fluid side.
- the depth of the groove 33 is 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m
- the fluid introduction groove 32 is 50 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m
- the fluid introduction groove 32 is formed deeper than the groove 33.
- a predetermined number (six in the example of FIG. 5) of land portions 36 are provided inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 31.
- the land portion 36 is formed in an approximately L shape by an island-shaped land portion 36a and a bridge portion 36b connecting the island-shaped land portion 36a and the land portion R1 on the sealed fluid side.
- the internal space 36e surrounded by the L-shaped land portion 36 and the sealed fluid side land portion R1 is formed in the groove 33 of the negative pressure generating mechanism 31 through an opening 36d opening toward the upstream side of the negative pressure generating mechanism 31. Communicating.
- the surface on which the island-like land portion 36a and the bridge portion 36b of the land portion 36 slide with the mating sliding surface S is the sealed fluid side land portion R1, the leakage side land. It is finished at the same height as the portion R2 and the radial land portion R3 and is smooth.
- a guide groove 39 is provided at the bottom of the negative pressure generating mechanism 31.
- the guide grooves 39 are streak-like ultra-fine grooves that are shallower than the grooves 33 of the negative pressure generating mechanism 31, and are provided at predetermined intervals at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction from the leakage side land portion R ⁇ b> 2 toward the sealed fluid. I have.
- the guide groove 39 is disposed so as to face the opening 36 d of the land 36 as a whole.
- the fluid in the groove 33 of the negative pressure generating mechanism 31 causes the viscosity of the rotation side seal ring 3 due to its viscosity. Following the movement direction, it moves to the downstream side, passes through the fluid introduction groove 32 on the downstream side, and is discharged to the sealed fluid side. For this reason, in the negative pressure generating mechanism 31, the fluid discharged from the inside of the groove 33 becomes larger than the fluid supplied into the groove 33, and the inside of the negative pressure generating mechanism 31 becomes negative pressure and cavitation occurs. Since the inside of the cavitation area is a gas phase area, the sliding torque is dominated by friction of a gas having a low viscosity, and the sliding torque can be reduced as compared with the conventional fluid lubrication using a liquid.
- the sliding surface S becomes a negative pressure as a whole, and the fixed-side sealing ring 5 and the rotating-side sealing ring 3 are attracted to and come into contact with each other. Fluid lubrication cannot be maintained. Therefore, the land portion 36 is disposed inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 31, and a positive pressure is generated by a wedge effect generated in the land portion 36, the sliding surface S is pushed out, and the fluid lubrication state is maintained.
- the number of the land portions 36 is not limited to this embodiment as long as the sliding surface S can be spread and brought into a fluid lubricated state. The number of the land portions 36 may be more or less than six.
- the land portion 36 is configured to be substantially L-shaped so as to extend from the land portion R1 on the sealed fluid side (outer diameter side), thereby improving efficiency.
- the liquid in the cavitation area can be collected in the land portion 36, and a large positive pressure can be generated by the wedge effect of the land portion 36.
- the sliding member of the third embodiment has the following effects. 1. By generating a negative pressure in the negative pressure generating mechanism 31 and making the inside of the negative pressure generating mechanism 31 a cavitation area, friction in the negative pressure generating mechanism 31 by gas becomes dominant. Sliding torque can be reduced as compared with lubrication. 2. When the rotating side sealing ring 3 rotates at a high speed, the liquid inside the cavitation area is easily affected by the centrifugal force and tends to collect on the sealed fluid side, so that the land portion 36 is separated from the land portion R1 on the outer diameter side. The liquid in the cavitation area can be efficiently collected in the land portion 36 by forming a substantially L-shape extending. 3.
- the liquid in the cavitation region guided to the land portion 36 by the guide groove 39 generates a positive pressure due to the wedge effect in the land portion 36 and pushes out the sliding surface S to bring the sliding surface S into a fluid lubricated state. Can be maintained. 4. Since the negative pressure generating mechanism 31 is in the negative pressure region, it exhibits a pumping action of sucking fluid from the leak side into the sliding surface S by the negative pressure, so that the leak can be reduced and the sealing performance can be further improved. 5. The negative pressure generating mechanism 31 is formed over both sides of the average diameter Rm of the sliding surface S of the stationary sealing ring 5 and extends substantially from the land R1 on the fluid to be sealed.
- the sealing fluid side of the sliding surface S is used as a positive pressure region to exert a fluid lubrication function to reduce the sliding torque, and the leak side of the sliding surface S is used as a gas phase region by the cavitation region. Dynamic torque can be further reduced.
- the pumping action is exerted by utilizing the negative pressure in the negative pressure generating mechanism 31, so that the sealing performance can be improved. That is, the contradictory performance of reducing the sliding torque and improving the sealing performance can be achieved by one negative pressure generating mechanism 31 without separately providing the positive pressure generating mechanism and the negative pressure generating mechanism as in the related art.
- the size of the sliding member can be reduced.
- FIG. 6 shows the sliding surface S of the sliding member according to the fourth embodiment.
- the configuration is the same as that of the third embodiment except that the shape of the land portion 46 is different from that of the third embodiment.
- the same members as those of the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the duplicate description will be omitted.
- the sliding surface S of the stationary sealing ring 5 is provided with a negative pressure generating mechanism 41.
- the negative pressure generation mechanism 41 includes a fluid introduction groove 42 communicating with the sealed fluid side, an opening 44 communicating with the fluid introduction groove 42 on the downstream side, a sealed fluid side land portion R1, a leak side land portion R2, and a diameter.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 41 is configured such that the toe portion 45 on the upstream side is connected to the sealed fluid side by the radial land portion R3 disposed between the sealed fluid side land portion R1 and the leak side land portion R2.
- the downstream opening 44 is isolated from the leak side and communicates with the sealed fluid side.
- the groove 43 has a depth of 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m
- the fluid introduction groove 42 has a depth of 50 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m
- the fluid introduction groove 42 is formed deeper than the groove 43.
- a predetermined number (six in the embodiment of FIG. 6) of land portions 46 are disposed inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 41.
- the land portion 46 is formed in an arc shape from a pointed island-shaped land portion 46a and a bridge portion 46b connecting the land portion 46a and the land portion R1 on the sealed fluid side.
- the land 46 has an internal space 46e surrounded by the sealed fluid side land R1, and an opening 46d opening toward the upstream side of the negative pressure generating mechanism 41.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism 41 is provided through the opening 46d. Is communicated with the groove 43.
- the surface on which the pointed land portion 46a and the bridge portion 46b of the land portion 46 slide with the mating sliding surface S is the sealed fluid side land portion R1
- the leak-side land portion R2 and the radial-direction land portion R3 of the negative pressure generating mechanism 41 have the same height and are finished smoothly.
- a guide groove 49 is provided at the bottom of the negative pressure generating mechanism 41.
- the guide grooves 49 are streak-like fine grooves that are shallower than the groove portions 43, and are provided in a predetermined number at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction from the leak side land portion R2 toward the sealed fluid.
- the guide groove 49 is disposed so as to face the opening 46 d of the land 46 as a whole.
- the fluid in the groove 43 of the negative pressure generating mechanism 41 causes the viscosity of the rotating side sealing ring 3 due to its viscosity. It moves following the moving direction, passes through the fluid introduction groove 42 on the downstream side, and is discharged to the sealed fluid side. For this reason, the negative pressure generating mechanism 41 is provided.
- the fluid discharged from the inside of the groove 33 becomes larger than the fluid supplied into the groove 43, and the inside of the negative pressure generating mechanism 41 becomes negative pressure and cavitation occurs. Since the cavitation region is a gas phase region, the sliding torque is dominated by friction of a gas having low viscosity, and the sliding torque can be reduced as compared with the conventional fluid lubrication using a liquid.
- the land portion 46 is arranged inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 41, and a positive pressure is generated around the land portion 46 by a wedge effect, so that the sliding surface S is spread and the fluid lubrication state is maintained.
- the number of the land portions 46 is not limited to the present embodiment as long as the space between the sliding surfaces S can be spread and brought into a fluid lubricating state. The number of the land portions 46 may be more or less than six. .
- the cavitation area is a gas phase area, but a liquid flow usually exists inside the cavitation area. Since the liquid is heavier than the gas and collects at the bottom of the negative pressure generating mechanism 41, the liquid in the cavitation area is disposed inside the negative pressure generating mechanism 41 by providing the guide groove 49 at the bottom of the negative pressure generating mechanism 41. It can be efficiently collected in the opening 46 d of the land 46. The liquid collected in the opening 46d of the land 46 generates a large positive pressure due to the wedge effect of the land 46, and can maintain a fluid lubricated state.
- the internal space 46e of the land portion 46 has a flow passage tapering from the upstream opening 46d to the downstream side, the liquid in the cavitation area guided to the land portion 46 is restricted by the tapered flow passage. And a greater positive pressure can be generated by the wedge effect of the land portion 36.
- the sliding member according to the fourth embodiment has the following effects in addition to the effects of the third embodiment. Since the land portion 46 is formed in a flow passage that tapers from the upstream opening 46d toward the downstream side, the liquid in the cavitation region guided to the land portion 46 has a boosting effect due to a throttle action by the tapered flow passage. Due to the wedge effect of the land portion 36, a larger positive pressure can be generated than in the second and third embodiments.
- FIG. 7 shows the sliding surface S of the sliding member according to the fifth embodiment, which is different from the fourth embodiment in that a plurality of negative pressure generating mechanisms 41 of the fourth embodiment are provided on the sliding surface S.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the fourth embodiment.
- the same members as those of the fourth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the duplicate description will be omitted.
- the sliding surface S of the stationary side sealing ring 5 has a predetermined number (two in the embodiment of FIG. 7) of land portions 46 and a guide groove 49 provided with a predetermined number of lands 46 in the groove portion 43.
- a predetermined number (three in FIG. 7) of mechanisms 41 are arranged in the circumferential direction with the radial land portion R3 interposed therebetween.
- the number of the negative pressure generating mechanisms 41 arranged in the circumferential direction with the radial land portion R3 interposed therebetween is not limited to the embodiment, and may be two, four, five, six or more.
- the sliding surface S is formed of a fluid from a plurality of locations. Since the fluid is supplied by the introduction groove 42, even when the fluid lubrication state is not sufficient in a low-speed rotation state such as at startup, the fluid supplied from the fluid introduction groove 42 contributes to the lubrication of the sliding surface S. can do.
- the sliding member according to the fifth embodiment has the following effects in addition to the effects of the fourth embodiment.
- the fluid is supplied from the fluid introduction grooves 42 to the sliding surface S at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction.
- the fluid uniformly supplied in the circumferential direction from the plurality of fluid introduction grooves 42 can contribute to the lubrication of the sliding surface S.
- FIG. 8 shows the sliding surface S of the sliding member according to the sixth embodiment, which is different from the fifth embodiment in that the number of lands 46 is different from that of the fifth embodiment. Is the same as Hereinafter, the same members as those of the fifth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the duplicate description will be omitted.
- the sliding surface S of the fixed-side sealing ring 5 is formed such that the negative pressure generating mechanism 41 including one land portion 46 and the guide groove 49 in the groove portion 43 sandwiches the radial land portion R3.
- a predetermined number (three in FIG. 8) is provided in the circumferential direction.
- the number of the negative pressure generating mechanisms 41 arranged in the circumferential direction with the radial land portion R3 interposed therebetween is not limited to the embodiment, and may be two, four, five, six or more.
- the flow in the negative pressure generating mechanism 41 can be concentrated on one land 46 provided on the downstream side, the positive pressure is larger than when a plurality of lands 46 are provided in one negative pressure generating mechanism 41. Pressure can be generated. This is suitable when a small sliding member is to generate a large pressure on the sliding surface S.
- the sliding member according to the sixth embodiment has the following effects in addition to the effects of the fifth embodiment.
- the plurality of negative pressure generating mechanisms 41 can concentrate the flow of the fluid in the cavitation area on the one land portion 46 by providing one land portion 46 on the downstream side, and increase the pressure by the tapered flow path. A large positive pressure can be generated by the effect and the wedge effect by the land portion 46.
- FIG. 9 shows the sliding surface S of the sliding member according to the seventh embodiment.
- the positive pressure generating mechanism 47 is provided in the radial land portion R4 of the negative pressure generating mechanism 41.
- the other configuration is the same as that of the sixth embodiment.
- the same members as those of the sixth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the duplicate description will be omitted.
- the sliding surface S of the fixed side sealing ring 5 has a negative pressure generating surface in which a predetermined number (one in the example of FIG. 9) of land portions 46 and guide grooves 49 are provided in the groove portion 43.
- a predetermined number (three in FIG. 9) of mechanisms 41 are arranged in the circumferential direction with the radial land portion R4 interposed therebetween.
- a guide groove 49 covering substantially the entire area of the negative pressure generating mechanism 41 is disposed so as to face one land portion 46 provided on the most downstream side.
- the number of the negative pressure generating mechanisms 41 arranged in the circumferential direction with the radial land portion R3 interposed therebetween is not limited to the embodiment, and may be two, four, five, six or more.
- the number of lands 46 provided on each of the negative pressure generating mechanisms 41 is not limited to the present embodiment as long as the space between the sliding surfaces S can be expanded to be in a fluid lubricating state. Or three or more.
- a positive pressure generating mechanism 47 is provided in the radial land portion R4 between the sealed fluid side land portion R1 and the leak side land portion R2.
- the positive pressure generating mechanism 47 is rectangular when viewed from the axial direction, is a groove with a bottom, has an opening 47a communicating with the fluid introduction groove 42, and a portion other than the opening 47a is surrounded by a radial land R4. Have been.
- the sliding member according to the seventh embodiment has the following effects in addition to the effects of the sixth embodiment.
- the positive pressure generating mechanism 47 can be generated even when the fluid lubrication state is not sufficient in a low-speed rotation state such as at startup.
- the positive pressure makes it possible to supplement the formation of a liquid film during startup.
- the positive pressure generating mechanism 47 has a rectangular shape when viewed from the axial direction, but is not limited to this, and may have a polygonal shape such as a triangle or a pentagon, a semicircle, a semiellipse, or the like.
- the outer peripheral side is the sealed fluid side and the inner peripheral side is the leak side.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be applied to the case where the inner peripheral side is the sealed fluid side and the outer peripheral side is the leak side.
- the negative pressure generating mechanism, the land, and the guide groove are provided on the sliding surface S of the stationary sealing ring 5, they may be provided on the sliding surface S of the rotating sealing ring 3.
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Abstract
Description
摺動面にて互いに相対摺動する一対の摺動部材であって,
少なくとも一方の前記摺動面は,漏れ側のランド部によって漏れ側と隔離された負圧発生機構と,前記負圧発生機構内に配設されるランド部と,を備えることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば,負圧発生機構内は圧力低下によりキャビテーションが発生し,キャビテーション内部は液体が気化して粘性の小さい気体で満たされるため,摺動部材の摺動トルクを低減することができる。また,負圧発生機構内に配設されたランド部のくさび効果により正圧が発生して,摺動面が押し広げられて摺動面に流体を介在させることができるので,さらに摺動トルクを低減することができる。加えて,負圧発生機構が発生する負圧を利用して,漏れ側から摺動面に流体を吸い込んで漏れ量を極めて小さくすることができる。従来技術のように正圧発生機構と負圧発生機構を別個に設けることなく,一つの負圧発生機構によって,摺動トルクの低減及び密封性の向上という相反する性能を向上することができるので小型化が可能となる。
前記負圧発生機構内に配設される前記ランド部は,前記負圧発生機構に囲まれて島状に形成されることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば,島状ランド部の付近を正圧領域として流体潤滑機能を発揮させて摺動トルクを低減させるとともに,島状ランド部から離れた部分をキャビテーション領域による気相領域として摺動トルクの低減及びポンピング作用による密封性の向上を達成できるので,正圧発生機構と負圧発生機構を別個に設けることなく,一つの負圧発生機構21によって,摺動トルクの低減及び密封性の向上という相反する性能を向上することができる。
前記島状の前記ランド部は被密封流体側のランド部へ延設されるブリッジ部をさらに備えることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば,負圧発生機構内に配設される島状のランド部と被密封流体側のランド部へ延設されるブリッジ部とによって,負圧発生機構内の気体を効率よく堰き止めて正圧を発生するので,摺動面に気体を介在させてさらに摺動トルクを低減させることができる。
前記負圧発生機構は,漏れ側から前記負圧発生機構内に配設される前記ランド部へ向かうガイドグルーブを備えることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば,負圧発生機構内の流体は,ガイドグルーブによって漏れ側から負圧発生機構内に配設されるランド部へ効率良く導かれて,ランド部に堰き止められて正圧するので,摺動トルクを低減することができる。
前記負圧発生機構は,漏れ側及び被密封流体側のそれぞれから前記負圧発生機構内に配設される前記ランド部へ向かうガイドグルーブを備えることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば,負圧発生機構内の流体は,ガイドグルーブによって漏れ側及び被密封流体側から負圧発生機構内に配設されるランド部へ効率良く導かれて,ランド部に堰き止められて正圧するので,摺動トルクを低減することができる。
前記負圧発生機構は,前記摺動面から前記ランド部を除いた残部からなることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば,負圧発生機構は摺動面からランド部を除いた残部から構成されるので,負圧発生機構の面積を大きくすることができ,延いては粘性の小さい気体と摺動面との接触面積を大きくできるので,摺動トルクを低減することができる。
前記負圧発生機構は,前記摺動面の平均径に跨って配設されることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば,摺動面の平均径の両側に跨って負圧発生機構は配設されるので,負圧発生機構の面積を大きくすることができ,延いては粘性の小さい気体と摺動面との接触面積を大きくできるので,摺動トルクを低減することができる。
前記負圧発生機構は,被密封流体側に連通する流体導入溝と,下流側が前記流体導入溝に連通する開口部及び上流側がランド部によって囲まれる止端部を有する溝部と,を備えることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば,負圧発生機構を容易に構成することができる。
前記止端部を囲む前記ランド部は,前記流体導入溝に連通する開口部を有する正圧発生機構を備えることを特徴とするとしている。
この特徴によれば,止端部を囲むランド部は正圧発生機構によって,起動時などの流体潤滑状態が十分に得られない状態であっても,正圧を発生させて流体潤滑状態を保つことができる。
前記負圧発生機構は,前記摺動面に複数配設されることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば,摺動面の大きさに応じて,負圧発生機構及びランド部を最適に配置することができる。
前記負圧発生機構内に配設される前記ランド部は,前記負圧発生機構内に複数配設されることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば,摺動面の大きさに応じて,負圧発生機構内にランド部を最適に配置することができる。
1.負圧発生機構21内部のキャビテーション領域は,摩擦の小さい気体との摺動が支配的となるので,従来の液体による流体潤滑に比べ摺動トルクを低減することができる。
2.負圧発生機構21内の流体は,ランド部26においてくさび効果による正圧を発生して,摺動面S間を押し広げて,摺動面Sを流体潤滑状態に維持することができるので,摺動トルクを低減できる。
3.,負圧発生機構21は,その内部が負圧になるので,漏れ側から摺動面S内に流体を吸い込むポンピング作用を発揮して,漏れを極めて小さくできるので,密封性をさらに向上できる。
4.負圧発生機構21の内部にランド部26配置することにより,ランド部26の周辺に正圧を発生させて摺動面S間を押し広げて,流体潤滑状態とすることができるので摺動トルクを低減できる。また負圧発生機構21内部のキャビテーション領域は,摩擦の小さい気体との摺動が支配的となるので摺動トルクを一層低減できる。さらに,負圧発生機構21は,負圧発生機構21内の負圧を利用してポンピング作用を発揮するので漏れを極めて小さくできる。すなわち,従来技術のように正圧発生機構と負圧発生機構を別個に設けることなく,一つの負圧発生機構21によって,摺動トルクの低減及び密封性の向上という相反する性能を達成できるので,摺動部材を小形化することができる。
1.負圧発生機構21に負圧を発生させて,負圧発生機構21の内部をキャビテーション領域とすることによって,負圧発生機構21においては気体による摩擦が支配的となるので,従来の液体による流体潤滑に比べ摺動トルクを低減することができる。
2.キャビテーション領域の液体は気体より重く負圧発生機構21の底部に集まるため,ガイドグルーブ29を負圧発生機構21の底部に設けることにより,キャビテーション領域内に残る液体を効率的に所定の位置に導くことができる。
3.ガイドグルーブ29によってランド部26へ導かれたキャビテーション領域内の液体は,ランド部26においてくさび効果による正圧を発生して,摺動面S間を押し広げて,摺動面Sを流体潤滑状態に維持することができる。
4.負圧発生機構21は負圧領域となるので,負圧発生機構21は負圧によって漏れ側から摺動面S内に流体を吸い込むポンピング作用を発揮して,漏れを低減でき,密封性をさらに向上できる。
5.負圧発生機構21の内部にランド部26配置することにより,ランド部26の周辺に正圧を発生させて摺動面S間を押し広げて,流体潤滑状態とすることができるので,摺動トルクを低減できる。負圧発生機構21内部のキャビテーション領域は,摩擦の小さい気相領域となるので摺動トルクを一層低減できる。負圧発生機構21は,負圧発生機構21内の負圧を利用してポンピング作用を発揮するので,漏れを極めて小さくでき密封性の向上できる。すなわち,従来技術のように正圧発生機構と負圧発生機構を別個に設けることなく,一つの負圧発生機構21によって,摺動トルクの低減及び密封性の向上という相反する性能を達成できるので,摺動部材を小形化することができる。
1.負圧発生機構31に負圧を発生させて,負圧発生機構31の内部をキャビテーション領域とすることによって,負圧発生機構31においては気体による摩擦が支配的となるので,従来の液体による流体潤滑に比べ摺動トルクを低減することができる。
2.回転側密封環3が高速で回転する場合には,キャビテーション領域の内部の液体は遠心力の影響を受けて被密封流体側に集まりやすくなるので,ランド部36を外径側のランド部R1から延設される略L字状に構成することにより,効率的にキャビテーション領域内の液体をランド部36に集めることができる。
3.ガイドグルーブ39によってランド部36へ導かれたキャビテーション領域内の液体は,ランド部36においてくさび効果による正圧を発生して,摺動面Sを押し広げて,摺動面Sを流体潤滑状態に維持することができる。
4.負圧発生機構31は負圧領域となるので,負圧によって漏れ側から摺動面S内に流体を吸い込むポンピング作用を発揮するので,漏れを低減でき,密封性をさらに向上できる。
5.負圧発生機構31は,固定側密封環5の摺動面Sの平均径Rmの両側に跨って形成し,被密封流体側のランド部R1から延設される略L字状のランド部36とすることにより,摺動面Sの被密封流体側を正圧領域として流体潤滑機能を発揮させて摺動トルクを低減させるとともに,摺動面Sの漏れ側はキャビテーション領域による気相領域として摺動トルクを一層低減できる。また,負圧発生機構31内の負圧を利用してポンピング作用を発揮させて,密封性の向上を達成できる。すなわち,従来技術のように正圧発生機構と負圧発生機構を別個に設けることなく,一つの負圧発生機構31によって,摺動トルクの低減及び密封性の向上という相反する性能を達成できるので,摺動部材を小形化できる。
ランド部46は上流側の開口部46dから下流側に向かって先細りの流路に形成されるので,ランド部46に導かれたキャビテーション領域内の液体は先細りの流路による絞り作用による昇圧効果と,ランド部36によるくさび効果とにより,実施例2及び3よりもさらに大きな正圧を発生させることができる。
流体導入溝42が複数設けられることにより,摺動面Sは周方向の複数の箇所で流体導入溝42から流体が供給されるので,起動時などの低速回転状態において流体潤滑状態が十分でないときであっても,複数の流体導入溝42から周方向に均等に供給される流体によって,摺動面Sの潤滑に寄与することができる。
複数の負圧発生機構41は,それぞれ下流側に1個のランド部46を設けることで,キャビテーション領域内の流体の流れを1個のランド部46に集中させることができ,先細り流路による昇圧効果と,ランド部46によるくさび効果とにより,大きな正圧を発生させることができる。
負圧発生機構41の径方向ランド部R4内に正圧発生機構47を設けることにより,起動時などの低速回転状態において流体潤滑状態が十分でないときであっても,正圧発生機構47が発生する正圧により,起動時の液膜形成を補うことができる。
2 スリーブ
3 回転側密封環
4 ハウジング
5 固定側密封環
6 コイルドウェーブスプリング
7 ベローズ
8 パッキン
9 ケーシング
10 回転軸
21 負圧発生機構
22 流体導入溝
23 溝部
24 開口部
25 止端部
26 ランド部
26a 壁部
26b 壁部
26c 壁部
26d 開口部
26e 内部空間
29 ガイドグルーブ
29a 被密封流体側ガイドグルーブ
29b 漏れ側側ガイドグルーブ
31 負圧発生機構
32 流体導入溝
33 溝部
34 開口部
35 止端部
36 ランド部
36b ブリッジ部
39 ガイドグルーブ
41 負圧発生機構
42 流体導入溝
43 溝部
44 開口部
45 止端部
46 ランド部
46a ランド部
46b ブリッジ部
46d 開口部
46e 内部空間
47 正圧発生機構
47a 開口部
49 ガイドグルーブ
R1 被密封流体側ランド部
R2 漏れ側側ランド部
R3 径方向ランド部
R4 径方向ランド部
Rm 平均径
S 摺動面
Claims (11)
- 摺動面にて互いに相対摺動する一対の摺動部材であって,
少なくとも一方の前記摺動面は,漏れ側のランド部によって漏れ側と隔離された負圧発生機構と,前記負圧発生機構内に配設されるランド部と,を備えることを特徴とする摺動部材。 - 前記負圧発生機構内に配設される前記ランド部は,前記負圧発生機構に囲まれる島状のランド部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の摺動部材。
- 前記島状の前記ランド部は被密封流体側のランド部へ延設されるブリッジ部をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の摺動部材。
- 前記負圧発生機構は,漏れ側から前記負圧発生機構内に配設される前記ランド部へ向かうガイドグルーブを備えることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の摺動部材。
- 前記負圧発生機構は,漏れ側及び被密封流体側のそれぞれから前記負圧発生機構内に配設される前記ランド部へ向かうガイドグルーブを備えることを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の摺動部材。
- 前記負圧発生機構は,前記摺動面から前記ランド部を除いた残部からなることを特徴とする請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の摺動部材。
- 前記負圧発生機構は,前記摺動面の平均径に跨って配設されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の摺動部材。
- 前記負圧発生機構は,被密封流体側に連通する流体導入溝と,下流側が前記流体導入溝に連通する開口部及び上流側がランド部によって囲まれる止端部を有する溝部と,を備えることを特徴とする請求項1ないし7のいずれかに記載の摺動部材。
- 前記止端部を囲む前記ランド部内には,一端が前記流体導入溝に連通する正圧発生機構を備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の摺動部材。
- 前記負圧発生機構は,前記摺動面に複数配設されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし9のいずれかに記載の摺動部材。
- 前記負圧発生機構内に配設される前記ランド部は,前記負圧発生機構内に複数配設されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし10のいずれかに記載の摺動部材。
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| CN116025714A (zh) | 2023-04-28 |
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