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WO2020054838A1 - Procédé de production d'un matériau non combustible et matériau non combustible - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'un matériau non combustible et matériau non combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020054838A1
WO2020054838A1 PCT/JP2019/036071 JP2019036071W WO2020054838A1 WO 2020054838 A1 WO2020054838 A1 WO 2020054838A1 JP 2019036071 W JP2019036071 W JP 2019036071W WO 2020054838 A1 WO2020054838 A1 WO 2020054838A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
boric acid
aqueous solution
temperature
acid aqueous
concentration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2019/036071
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
展淳 福田
達明 谷山
大塚　正彦
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kitakyushu, University of
Sanei Architecture Planning Co Ltd
Kyushu University NUC
Original Assignee
Kitakyushu, University of
Sanei Architecture Planning Co Ltd
Kyushu University NUC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kitakyushu, University of, Sanei Architecture Planning Co Ltd, Kyushu University NUC filed Critical Kitakyushu, University of
Priority to JP2020546216A priority Critical patent/JP7391333B2/ja
Publication of WO2020054838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020054838A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
    • C09K21/02—Inorganic materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a non-combustible material and a non-combustible material, and more particularly to non-combustible material using boric acid.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 generally states that when performing a fire protection treatment using an inorganic salt, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient fire protection effect with a single agent, and two or more types of agents may be mixed and used. Many points are pointed out. Also, it has been pointed out that boric acid and borax are difficult to use as fire retardants because they have a low fire-protection effect and low solubility when used alone. However, it is pointed out that the use of a mixture of both eliminates the disadvantages.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses that boric acid and borax are contained in an amount exceeding the solubility of a single compound at 40 to 100 ° C., and x part of boric acid and y part of borax (provided that (x ⁇ 35, y ⁇ 40) is disclosed as a stable boron compound liquid composition containing 8.3 mol / kg or more in terms of boron.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a wood-based noncombustible chemical in which a phosphoric acid-based noncombustible chemical, which is an organic phosphate containing nitrogen, is dissolved in an aqueous solution of an ammonium chemical that is gasified by heating to a solubility equal to or higher than a single solubility. It has been disclosed.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 As pointed out in Non-Patent Document 1 described above, boric acid alone has a weak fire-protection effect and a low solubility, so that it is difficult to use it as a fire-retardant, and boric acid is added to promote the dissolution of boric acid. It was a general recognition in the art that an object (such as borax) should be added. However, since borax or the like has deliquescence (hygroscopicity), there is a problem that this causes whitening of the material to be treated and water dripping due to the appearance of water droplets. In addition, as described in Patent Document 2, when an ammonia-based chemical is used, there is a problem that an ammonia odor is generated. When an attempt is made to remove the ammonia odor, a drying process is performed for a longer time than usual to promote thermal decomposition. Therefore, another problem such as an increase in manufacturing cost occurs.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to ensure the non-combustibility of a non-combustible material using boric acid alone without adding an additive for promoting dissolution of boric acid. It is.
  • a first invention provides a method for producing a noncombustible material having a charging step, a high concentration step, and a precipitation step.
  • a boric acid aqueous solution in which boric acid is dissolved and an object to be treated as a main material of a non-combustible material are charged into the impregnation tank without adding an additive for promoting dissolution of boric acid.
  • the boric acid aqueous solution to be impregnated inside the object to be treated is dissolved in the atmospheric pressure environment by further dissolving the boric acid introduced into the impregnation tank while raising the temperature of the boric acid aqueous solution under a pressurized environment.
  • the concentration becomes higher than the solubility below.
  • the boric acid impregnated inside the object to be treated is lowered by lowering the temperature of the aqueous solution of boric acid with a high concentration, on condition that the pressurized state is maintained at least until the temperature drops to the boiling point under the atmospheric pressure environment. Precipitate.
  • the temperature of the boric acid aqueous solution is preferably set to 120 ° C. or higher, and a more preferable range is 140 to 160 ° C.
  • the concentration increasing step is to increase the concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution by dissolving boric acid as a solid substance that has not completely dissolved and is precipitated in the immersion tank, with the temperature rise of the boric acid aqueous solution. Is also good.
  • an impregnation tank into which the processing target is charged is placed under a vacuum environment to further provide an air removing step for removing air contained in the processing target. Is also good.
  • the boric acid aqueous solution may be cooled by heat exchange with a cooling liquid.
  • the second invention provides a non-combustible material containing boric acid, containing no additive for promoting the dissolution of boric acid in water, and having a boric acid content of 180 kg / m 3 or more.
  • the third invention contains boric acid, does not contain an additive for promoting the dissolution of boric acid in water, and has a total calorific value of 8 MJ when heated for 20 minutes in a heat generation test using a corn calorimeter. / M 2 or less.
  • the temperature of the boric acid aqueous solution is increased in a pressurized environment. Since the solubility of boric acid increases as the temperature increases, it has a high temperature dependency, so if the temperature of a boric acid aqueous solution is raised under a pressurized environment, the addition of boric acid to promote the dissolution of boric acid in water will occur. A large amount of boric acid can be dissolved in water without adding a substance. This increases the amount of boric acid deposited inside the object to be treated, so that a noncombustible material having excellent noncombustibility can be obtained.
  • nonflammability in conformity with legal standards can be ensured, and an additive having a deliquescent (hygroscopicity) such as borax is not included. Water dripping due to whitening and the appearance of water droplets can be prevented.
  • a deliquescent such as borax
  • the non-combustible material according to the present embodiment is used for architectural purposes, and the goal is to obtain performance certification in accordance with the Building Standards Act of Japan (exothermic test).
  • the feature of this incombustible material is that boric acid alone as a fire retardant ensures sufficient fire protection performance without using an additive such as borax added to promote dissolution of boric acid.
  • a method for manufacturing a noncombustible material will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • the boric acid aqueous solution and the object to be treated 2 are charged into the impregnation tank 1.
  • the boric acid aqueous solution is a mixture of water and boric acid without adding an additive for promoting the dissolution of boric acid in water.
  • the amount of boric acid charged into the impregnation tank 1 is 67 g / 100 ml or more, and the solid remaining without being dissolved in water is precipitated at the bottom of the impregnation tank 1.
  • additives for promoting the dissolution of boric acid in water include, but are not limited to, borax, phosphoric acid, and ammonium salts.
  • the boric acid solid remains to dissolve more boric acid in the subsequent process.
  • the processing object 2 is a main material of non-combustible material, and is typically a general wood (solid material), a compressed material, a laminated material, a plywood, an oriented strand board (OSB), a particle board. , Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL), Parallel Strand Lumber (PSL), Oriented Strand Lumber (OSL), Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), etc. In addition, bamboo, grass, paper, cardboard and the like may be used.
  • a weight 3 is placed on the upper part of the processing object 2 so as not to float from the liquid.
  • the impregnation tank 1 into which the object to be treated 2 is charged is placed under a vacuum pressure environment, that is, a space state in which the pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure. Specifically, first, the impregnation tank 1 is accommodated in the closed tank 4. Next, the pressure in the closed vessel 4 is reduced to a predetermined pressure, and this state is maintained for a predetermined time (for example, about 60 minutes). Thereby, the air contained in the processing target object 2 is discharged to the outside.
  • a vacuum pressure environment that is, a space state in which the pressure is lower than the atmospheric pressure.
  • the reason for providing this step is to remove fine air present in the fibers of the processing target object 2 in the fibers of the processing object 2 and thereby impregnate the boric acid aqueous solution, thereby promoting the impregnation of the boric acid aqueous solution in the subsequent step. is there. In addition, even if this step is not performed, this step may be omitted as long as a sufficient impregnation amount of the boric acid aqueous solution can be secured.
  • the boric acid aqueous solution is heated to about 100 ° C. .
  • boric acid shown by hatching
  • the concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution increases as the temperature increases.
  • the reason for providing this step is to shorten the processing time in the next step under a pressurized environment by increasing the concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution to a certain level.
  • the impregnation tank 1 is heated in a pressurized environment with high-temperature steam, and the temperature of the boric acid aqueous solution is raised to a predetermined temperature, for example, a temperature higher than 100 ° C.
  • a predetermined temperature for example, a temperature higher than 100 ° C.
  • the solubility of boric acid in water increases as the water temperature rises to 70 ° C. or higher.
  • the maximum solubility of the boric acid aqueous solution is a solubility at a boiling point of 100 ° C., for example, a concentration obtained by dissolving 40.25 g of boric acid in 100 g of water.
  • a high-temperature high-pressure vessel is used as the high-pressure tank 5.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure container is a device that raises and heats the internal temperature with high-temperature steam of 100 ° C. or more, and the temperature is adjusted by pressurizing saturated steam.
  • the pressure in the high-pressure tank is 0.196 MPa at 120 ° C., 0.36 Mpa at 140 ° C., and 0.618 Mpa at 160 ° C.
  • the impregnation tank 1 is accommodated in the high-pressure tank 5.
  • the inside of the high-pressure tank 5 is pressurized by high-temperature steam to about 0.4 to 0.6 MPa (4 to 6 atm).
  • the pressure is increased to 0.4 MPa
  • the temperature is 160 ° C.
  • the pressure is increased to 0.6 MPa
  • the temperature of the impregnation tank 1 in the high-pressure tank 5 is also increased to the same extent.
  • This state is maintained for a predetermined time (for example, 3 to 6 hours).
  • the solid of boric acid precipitated in the impregnation tank 1 is further dissolved, and the solubility of the boric acid aqueous solution is also increased under the atmospheric pressure environment.
  • the temperature of the boric acid aqueous solution is set to 120 ° C. or higher, more preferably 140 to 160 ° C. It should be noted that the pressurization in this step can promote the impregnation of the treatment object 2 with the concentrated boric acid aqueous solution (impregnation promoting effect).
  • the water temperature of the boric acid aqueous solution is maintained at the set temperature by pressurizing with high-temperature steam. Since the temperature of the water vapor around the impregnation tank 1 is maintained at this temperature, if the temperature of the impregnation tank 1 reaches, for example, 140 ° C., the temperature changes to 140 ° C. as it is.
  • the water temperature can be measured, for example, by placing a temperature sensor in the high-pressure tank 5 and immersing it in an aqueous boric acid solution.
  • the temperature of the high-pressure tank 5 is lowered, and the concentration of the boric acid solution is lowered, whereby boric acid impregnated inside the processing object 2 is precipitated.
  • the pressurized state is maintained at least until the temperature falls to the boiling point under the atmospheric pressure environment.
  • the reason for maintaining the pressurized state is as follows. First, it is to prevent evaporation of water in the boric acid aqueous solution. When the pressure in the high-pressure tank 5 is returned to normal pressure in order to take out the impregnating tank 1 at a high temperature, the boric acid aqueous solution exceeds 100 ° C.
  • the reduction of the boric acid content contained in the processing target object 2 is minimized.
  • the pressure is rapidly decreased, the boric acid aqueous solution boils, and a large amount of boric acid that has penetrated into the processing target object 2 is released to the outside.
  • it is to prevent the water surface of the boric acid aqueous solution from lowering and to prevent the processing target 2 from being exposed.
  • the pressurization in the high-pressure tank 5 is stopped. Then, when the internal pressure becomes 0.6 MPa or less and the internal temperature becomes about 70 ° C. after a predetermined time elapses, or when the internal temperature becomes room temperature, the pressure in the high-pressure tank 5 is gradually reduced. Thereafter, when the internal pressure becomes 0.2MP or less, the valve 5a is opened to return the internal pressure to the atmospheric pressure, and then the impregnation tank 1 is taken out of the high-pressure tank 5. At this time, the temperature of the boric acid aqueous solution is about 90 ° C. or room temperature.
  • the temperature of the concentrated boric acid aqueous solution is gradually lowered under the atmospheric pressure environment.
  • the impregnation tank 1 taken out of the high-pressure tank 5 is immersed in a cooling liquid tank 6 storing a cooling liquid (for example, water).
  • a cooling liquid for example, water
  • the boric acid aqueous solution is cooled by heat exchange with the cooling liquid.
  • it is cooled to room temperature while maintaining the pressurized state.
  • boric acid impregnated inside the processing object 2 gradually precipitates as a solid.
  • the non-combustible material produced through the above series of treatments has, as its characteristics, first, boric acid and no additives for promoting dissolution of boric acid in water. .
  • the boric acid in the non-combustible material exists almost uniformly throughout the inside as compared with a method of spraying boric acid from the outside.
  • FIG. 6 is a characteristic table for each test piece in a heat generation test (when heated for 20 minutes) using a corn calorimeter.
  • the exothermic test using a corn calorimeter is based on ISO5660 used in Japan for the fire performance test of the new Building Standard Law enforced from June 2001 in Japan. In order to receive national accreditation, it must clear the standards of this test.
  • the test results shown in the table show the characteristics of twelve test pieces.
  • cedar wood which is one of the processing objects 2
  • the weight percentage of water and boric acid (the weight percentage of boric acid including boric acid and insoluble boric acid with respect to the total weight of boric acid and water) charged into the impregnation tank 1 is 40% or 50%.
  • the heating temperature in a pressurized environment is 150 ° C. (sample numbers 1-2) and 160 ° C. (sample numbers 3-12).
  • the content of boric acid in the noncombustible material is measured as follows.
  • a plurality of samples of the same size are extracted from a cedar material (base material), a sample having a median weight is prepared as an untreated sample, and the other samples are used for impregnation.
  • the dimensions of the sample are 100 mm * 100 mm * 50 mm.
  • both the impregnated sample and the untreated sample are subjected to a drying treatment, and then the absolute dry weight is measured.
  • the value obtained by subtracting the absolute dry weight of the untreated sample from the absolute dry weight of each impregnated sample is defined as the boric acid content.
  • the “absolute dry weight” refers to the weight at the time when the weight is completely changed (for example, 24 hours) in the dryer and the weight no longer changes.
  • the amount of boric acid impregnated into wood exceeds about 200 kg / m 3
  • the total calorific value in the exothermic test is less than 8 MJ / m 2 . It is said that.
  • the boric acid content is 180 kg / m 3 or more, and / or an exothermic test using a corn calorimeter. And a total calorific value during heating for 20 minutes of 8 MJ / m 2 or less can be realized. As shown in the table, all of the specimens Nos.
  • the impregnation tank 1, the closed tank 4 and the high-pressure tank 5 are separately used, but it is not indispensable to divide these three tanks, and one or two tanks may have the same function. .
  • the temperature of the boric acid aqueous solution is raised to a temperature higher than 100 ° C. in a pressurized environment. Since the solubility of boric acid has a high temperature dependency, which increases as the temperature increases, a large amount of boric acid can be dissolved in water by raising the temperature of a boric acid aqueous solution under a pressurized environment. Conventionally, boric acid alone has a weak fire-protection effect and has a low solubility, so it is difficult to use it as a fire-retardant.In order to promote the dissolution of boric acid, borax, phosphoric acid, and additives such as ammonium salts are used.
  • the dissolution of boric acid is promoted by heating under a pressurized environment.
  • the concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution under a pressurized environment By increasing the concentration of the boric acid aqueous solution under a pressurized environment, the amount of boric acid deposited inside the object to be treated 2 can be increased, so that the incombustibility of the noncombustible material conforming to the Building Standards Law (exothermic test) Can be secured.
  • boric acid exceeding the maximum solubility of boric acid at the standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm) is charged into the impregnation tank 1 in the charging step in advance (at this time, a part of boric acid is dissolved. However, it is precipitated as a solid without being dissolved), and is further dissolved in the concentration increasing step.
  • the present invention is not limited to such a procedure, and the timing at which boric acid is introduced into the impregnation tank 1 may be performed in parallel with the temperature increase in the concentration increasing step, or May be performed alternately with the temperature rise.
  • boric acid itself is a substance used to wash eyes in the past, and does not harm the human body unless taken in large quantities. Therefore, it can be said that the noncombustible material of boric acid alone has high safety for the human body.
  • Deliquescence refers to a phenomenon in which a substance takes in water (water vapor) in the air and spontaneously turns into an aqueous solution. Liquefaction occurs when there is a small volume of saturated aqueous solution on the crystal surface and its saturated vapor pressure is less than atmospheric water vapor pressure. Water vapor in the atmosphere is taken into the surface of the saturated aqueous solution, and the saturated aqueous solution is diluted.
  • the amount of substance of the crystal is sufficiently large, and even if some water dissolves the crystal, the crystal is not completely dissolved.
  • the volume of the saturated aqueous solution continues to increase, eventually dissolving all the crystals, and then diminishing until the water vapor pressure of the aqueous solution equals the water vapor pressure in the atmosphere. Then, further absorption of water stops. Due to this deliquescence, the noncombustible material absorbs water, and a phenomenon in which they drip (misunderstanding as dew condensation) or water in which boric acid in the processing object 2 is dissolved appears on the surface, and becomes white when the water dries. It causes the whitening phenomenon.
  • boric acid secondary ammonium phosphate, borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate), and ammonium hydrogen carbonate are known.
  • phosphoric acid is one that may increase the solubility of boric acid
  • tinboa diisodium octaborate tetrahydrate

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

Abstract

Le problème décrit par la présente invention est d'assurer la non-combustibilité d'un matériau non combustible par l'acide borique seul sans ajout d'additif pour favoriser la dissolution de l'acide borique. La solution selon l'invention consiste d'abord, à placer un objet (2) à traiter, qui sert de matériau principal d'un matériau non combustible, dans un réservoir d'imprégnation (1) dans lequel est stockée une solution aqueuse d'acide borique. La solution aqueuse d'acide borique est une solution d'acide borique dissous dans de l'eau sans ajout d'additif pour favoriser la dissolution de l'acide borique dans l'eau. Ensuite, l'acide borique introduit dans la cuve d'imprégnation (1) est en outre dissous tout en élevant la température de la solution aqueuse d'acide borique dans un environnement sous pression, grâce à quoi la concentration de la solution aqueuse d'acide borique avec laquelle l'objet (2) à traiter doit être imprégné est rendue supérieure à la solubilité maximale dans un environnement à pression atmosphérique. Puis, la température de la solution aqueuse d'acide borique, dont la concentration a été augmentée, est réduite dans des conditions qui maintiennent un état sous pression au moins jusqu'à ce que la température chute au point d'ébullition dans un environnement à pression atmosphérique, précipitant ainsi l'acide borique avec lequel l'objet (2) à traiter est imprégné.
PCT/JP2019/036071 2018-09-14 2019-09-13 Procédé de production d'un matériau non combustible et matériau non combustible Ceased WO2020054838A1 (fr)

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JP2020546216A JP7391333B2 (ja) 2018-09-14 2019-09-13 不燃材の製造方法および不燃材

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JP2018172790 2018-09-14
JP2018-172790 2018-09-14

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4916922B1 (fr) * 1970-04-07 1974-04-25
JPS59199585A (ja) * 1983-04-25 1984-11-12 三井東圧化学株式会社 不燃性石膏ボ−ド
US4801404A (en) * 1986-10-01 1989-01-31 Rutgerswerke Ag Boric acid compositions
WO1991000327A1 (fr) * 1989-06-28 1991-01-10 Oberley William J Ignifuges et produits les incorporant
JP2007001120A (ja) * 2005-06-23 2007-01-11 Sekisui Jushi Co Ltd 難燃性木粉の製造方法及び難燃性合成木材
JP2007090839A (ja) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-12 Takeji Motai 耐火木質材あるいは耐火性の建築材とその製造方法、及び耐火処理剤
JP2008074670A (ja) * 2006-09-21 2008-04-03 Okura Ind Co Ltd ホウ素濃度が高いホウ酸化合物水溶液の製造方法及びホウ素濃度が高いホウ酸化合物水溶液

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4916922B1 (fr) * 1970-04-07 1974-04-25
JPS59199585A (ja) * 1983-04-25 1984-11-12 三井東圧化学株式会社 不燃性石膏ボ−ド
US4801404A (en) * 1986-10-01 1989-01-31 Rutgerswerke Ag Boric acid compositions
WO1991000327A1 (fr) * 1989-06-28 1991-01-10 Oberley William J Ignifuges et produits les incorporant
JP2007001120A (ja) * 2005-06-23 2007-01-11 Sekisui Jushi Co Ltd 難燃性木粉の製造方法及び難燃性合成木材
JP2007090839A (ja) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-12 Takeji Motai 耐火木質材あるいは耐火性の建築材とその製造方法、及び耐火処理剤
JP2008074670A (ja) * 2006-09-21 2008-04-03 Okura Ind Co Ltd ホウ素濃度が高いホウ酸化合物水溶液の製造方法及びホウ素濃度が高いホウ酸化合物水溶液

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