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WO2020050649A1 - Procédé et dispositif de transmission d'informations relatives à une liaison dans un système lan sans fil - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de transmission d'informations relatives à une liaison dans un système lan sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020050649A1
WO2020050649A1 PCT/KR2019/011481 KR2019011481W WO2020050649A1 WO 2020050649 A1 WO2020050649 A1 WO 2020050649A1 KR 2019011481 W KR2019011481 W KR 2019011481W WO 2020050649 A1 WO2020050649 A1 WO 2020050649A1
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Prior art keywords
link
sta
channel
packet
receiving
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
김서욱
김정기
류기선
최진수
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LG Electronics Inc
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LG Electronics Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
    • H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA

Definitions

  • the present specification relates to a technique for transmitting and receiving data in wireless communication, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting information on a link in a wireless LAN system.
  • Wireless network technologies may include various types of wireless local area networks (WLANs).
  • WLAN can be used to interconnect neighboring devices together by employing widely used networking protocols.
  • the various technical features described herein can be applied to any communication standard, such as WiFi or, more generally, any of the IEEE 802.11 wireless protocol families.
  • the receiving STA may transmit information regarding a channel currently communicating with the transmitting STA.
  • the transmitting STA may receive information on a channel and transmit the signal (or data) by changing a parameter of a signal (or data) to be transmitted afterwards based on the information on the channel.
  • the receiving STA measuring information about the current channel condition is forced to transmit information about the channel condition to the transmitting STA only through the channel. There was not.
  • the receiving STA transmits information about a channel condition through channel contention a difference between a measurement time point and a transmission time point may occur.
  • the BSS to which the receiving STA belongs may include many STAs other than the receiving STA. In this case, since the difference between the time when the channel condition is measured and the time when the channel condition information is transmitted may be widened, the channel condition information may not accurately represent the current channel condition. Accordingly, in order to quickly transmit channel (or link) status information, a need to transmit channel (or link) status information through another band (or link) may be required.
  • Method performed in a wireless local area network includes: a receiving STA supporting a multi-link including a first link and a second link through a first link from a transmitting STA.
  • the second packet may include a MAC header, and the MAC header may include a step of including quality information regarding the first link.
  • a receiving STA supporting a multi-link including a first link and a second link may transmit quality information regarding the first link to the transmitting STA through the second link.
  • the receiving STA may provide quality information regarding the first link through the second link while transmitting the signal (or data) on the first link.
  • the receiving STA can quickly transmit the channel specific value to the transmitting STA, and there is no need to transmit a packet. Therefore, when transmitting a signal (or data) in the first link, if the second link additionally provides information about the channel condition of the first link, overhead may be reduced.
  • the transmitting STA can determine the resource allocation based on the quality information on the first link obtained from the receiving STA, and check the distance from the receiving STA.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit neighbor BSS information to the receiving STA according to the distance from the receiving STA or may transmit buffered data with priority. Therefore, the method in which the receiving STA transmits quality information regarding the first link to the transmitting STA through the second link can improve the performance of the entire BSS.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a layered architecture of a wireless LAN system supported by IEEE 802.11.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless LAN system.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a frequency domain used in a wireless LAN system.
  • FIG 5 shows an example of a PPDU transmitted and received by an STA of the present specification.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a PPDU according to a conventional wireless LAN standard.
  • FIG. 7 shows another example of a PPDU according to the conventional wireless LAN standard.
  • FIG. 8 is a view showing another example of the HE-PPDU.
  • FIG. 9 is a view showing the arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used on a 20MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • FIG. 10 is a view showing the arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used on the 40MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • FIG. 11 is a view showing the arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used on the 80MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • FIG. 13 shows an example of a trigger frame.
  • 15 shows an example of a sub-field included in a per user information field.
  • 16 is a diagram illustrating a method of performing UORA in a wireless LAN system.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of a MAC frame.
  • 19 shows an example of a channel used / supported / defined within a 5 GHz band.
  • FIG. 20 shows an example of a channel used / supported / defined within a 6 GHz band.
  • 21 shows an example of channel bonding.
  • 22 is a view for explaining the technical characteristics of the link used in the multilink.
  • 23 is a diagram for explaining an example of an operation between STAs to which Flexible DL / UL technology is applied.
  • 24 is another diagram for explaining an example of operation between STAs to which Flexible DL / UL technology is applied.
  • 25 shows an example of an operation of a receiving STA for transmitting quality information.
  • 26 shows the format of a MAC header for CQR.
  • 27 is a diagram for explaining a method for a STA to set a CQR Duration.
  • 29 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the operation of the receiving STA.
  • 30 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the operation of the transmitting STA.
  • 31 shows a receiving STA or a transmitting STA to which an example of the present specification is applied.
  • FIG. 32 shows another example of a detailed block diagram of a transceiver.
  • parentheses used in the present specification may mean “for example”. Specifically, when indicated as “control information”, “Signal” may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In addition, even when displayed as “control information (ie signal)”, “signal” may be proposed as an example of “control information”.
  • the following example of the present specification can be applied to various wireless communication systems.
  • the following example of the present specification may be applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • this specification may be applied to the IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac standard, or the IEEE 802.11ax standard.
  • the present specification can be applied to the newly proposed EHT standard or IEEE 802.11be standard.
  • an example of the present specification may be applied to a new wireless LAN standard that improves the EHT standard or IEEE 802.11be.
  • the layer architecture of the WLAN system includes a physical medium dependent (hereinafter referred to as 'PMD') sublayer 100, and a physical layer convergence procedure (hereinafter referred to as 'PLCP') sublayer ( 110) and a medium access control (hereinafter referred to as 'MAC') sublayer 120.
  • 'PMD' physical medium dependent
  • 'PLCP' physical layer convergence procedure
  • 'MAC' medium access control
  • the PMD sub-layer 100 may serve as a transmission interface for transmitting and receiving data between a plurality of STAs.
  • the PLCP sublayer 110 is implemented such that the MAC sublayer 120 can operate with minimal dependency on the PMD sublayer 100.
  • the PMD sub-layer 100, the PLCP sub-layer 110, and the MAC sub-layer 120 may conceptually include a management entity.
  • the management unit of the MAC sub-layer 120 is referred to as a MAC layer management entity (hereinafter referred to as 'MLME', 125).
  • the management unit of the physical layer is referred to as a PHY layer management entity (hereinafter referred to as 'PLME', 115).
  • management units may provide an interface for performing a layer management operation.
  • the PLME 115 may be connected to the MLME 125 to perform management operations of the PLCP sublayer 110 and PMD sublayer 100.
  • the MLME 125 may be connected to the PLME 115 to perform a management operation of the MAC sublayer 120.
  • a STA management entity (hereinafter referred to as 'SME', 150) may exist.
  • the SME 150 may be operated as an independent component in each layer.
  • the PLME 115, MLME 125, and SME 150 may transmit and receive information to each other based on primitives.
  • the PLCP sub-layer 110 is a MAC protocol data unit (MAC Protocol Data Unit) received from the MAC sub-layer 120 according to the MAC layer instruction between the MAC sub-layer 120 and the PMD sub-layer 100.
  • MAC Protocol Data Unit MAC Protocol Data Unit
  • 'MPDU' is transmitted to the PMD sublayer 100 or a frame from the PMD sublayer 100 is transmitted to the MAC sublayer 120.
  • the PMD sub-layer 100 may perform data transmission and reception between a plurality of STAs through a wireless medium as a PLCP lower layer.
  • the MPDU delivered by the MAC sublayer 120 is referred to as a physical service data unit (hereinafter referred to as 'PSDU') in the PLCP sublayer 110.
  • the MPDU is similar to the PSDU, but when an aggregated MPDU (AMPDU) that aggregates a plurality of MPDUs is delivered, individual MPDUs and PSDUs may be different from each other.
  • AMPDU aggregated MPDU
  • the PLCP sublayer 110 adds an additional field including information required by the transceiver of the physical layer in the process of receiving the PSDU from the MAC sublayer 120 and delivering it to the PMD sublayer 100.
  • the added field may be a PLCP preamble, a PLCP header, or tail bits required to return a convolutional encoder to a zero state in the PSDU.
  • the PLCP sublayer 110 adds the above-described fields to the PSDU to generate a PDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) and transmits it to the receiving station via the PMD sublayer 100, and the receiving station receives the PPDU to receive PLCP preamble and PLCP Information necessary for data restoration is restored from the header.
  • PDU PHY Protocol Data Unit
  • STA is an arbitrary functional medium including a medium access control (MAC) and a physical layer interface to a wireless medium in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard. Can be used as a meaning including both an AP and a non-AP STA (Non-AP Station).
  • MAC medium access control
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • the STA includes a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), and mobile subscriber unit ( Mobile Subscriber Unit) or simply a user (user).
  • WTRU wireless transmit / receive unit
  • UE user equipment
  • MS mobile station
  • Mobile Subscriber Unit Mobile Subscriber Unit
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless LAN system.
  • the wireless LAN system includes at least one access point (AP) and a plurality of STAs 520a / b / c / e / d / f / g / h / i / j / k connected to the AP. ).
  • the multiple STAs of the example of FIG. 2 may perform the functions of AP and / or non-AP.
  • the plurality of STAs 520a / b / c / e / d / f / g / h / i / j / k of FIG. 2 may be called various names such as a user terminal (UT).
  • at least one STA 520f of FIG. 2 may route / relay communication between the plurality of APs 510a / b, perform control on the plurality of APs, or perform a plurality of APs 510a / b. Control of the connected STA may be performed.
  • the AP 510a / b of FIG. 2 is connected to the system controller 530 to communicate with other APs, or other network entities other than other APs (for example, a network object or Internet server defined by 3GPP standards). Can communicate with.
  • APs or other network entities other than other APs (for example, a network object or Internet server defined by 3GPP standards). Can communicate with.
  • the plurality of STAs illustrated in FIG. 2 may configure a basic service set (BSS).
  • BSS basic service set
  • the BSSs 100 and 105 are a set of APs and STAs such as APs and STAs capable of successfully synchronizing and communicating with each other, and are not a concept indicating a specific area.
  • the BSS may include one or more STAs that can be combined in one AP.
  • the BSS may include at least one STA, an AP providing a distributed service, and a distributed system connecting multiple APs.
  • a distributed system can configure an extended service set (ESS) by connecting multiple BSSs.
  • ESS may be used as a term indicating a network formed by connecting one or several APs through a distributed system.
  • APs included in one ESS may have the same service set identification (SSID).
  • the portal may serve as a bridge that performs a connection between a WLAN network (IEEE 802.11) and another network (eg, 802.X).
  • IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11
  • another network eg, 802.X
  • a network can be established between STAs to perform communication.
  • a network may be called an ad-hoc network or an independent basic service set (BSS).
  • BSS basic service set
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a frequency domain used in a wireless LAN system.
  • the wireless LAN system may use at least one channel defined in the 2.4 GHz band.
  • the 2.4 GHz band may be referred to by other names such as the first band.
  • 14 channels may be configured in the .4 GHz band. Each channel may be set to a frequency range (or bandwidth) of 20 MHz. F0 may represent a center frequency. The center frequency of a channel in the 2.4 GHz band may be configured at about 5 MHz intervals except for channel 14. Among the 14 channels, adjacent channels may overlap each other. For each country, the maximum power level may be set differently within the allowable frequency channel or within the allowable frequency channel. For example, channel 13 is not allowed in North America, but may be an accepted channel in most countries.
  • the STA needs to perform discovery of the network in order to access the WLAN network. Such discovery can be performed through a scanning process for the network.
  • the scanning method can be divided into active scanning and passive scanning.
  • an STA performing active scanning may transmit a probe request frame and wait for a response to it, while moving channels and searching for an AP in the vicinity.
  • the responder may transmit a probe response frame to the STA that has transmitted the probe request frame in response to the probe request frame.
  • the responder may be the STA that last transmitted a beacon frame from the BSS of the channel being scanned. In the BSS, since the AP transmits the beacon frame, the AP becomes a responder, and in the IBSS, the STAs in the IBSS rotate and transmit the beacon frame, so the responder can be changed.
  • the STA When the STA transmits a probe request frame through channel 1 and receives a probe response frame through channel 1, the STA stores BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame, and the next channel (for example, (Channel 2) to repeat the scanning in the same way.
  • the next channel for example, (Channel 2) to repeat the scanning in the same way.
  • the scanning operation may also be performed by a passive scanning method.
  • An STA performing scanning based on passive scanning may receive a beacon frame while moving channels.
  • the beacon frame is an example of a management frame in IEEE 802.11.
  • the beacon frame may be transmitted periodically.
  • the STA receiving the beacon frame may store BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform passive scanning in the next channel.
  • an authentication process may be performed after the scanning procedure.
  • the authentication process may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and in response, the AP sends an authentication response frame to the STA.
  • the authentication frame used for authentication request / response corresponds to a management frame.
  • the authentication frame includes authentication algorithm number, authentication transaction sequence number, status code, challenge text, robust security network (RSN), and Finite Cyclic. Group).
  • RSN robust security network
  • Finite Cyclic. Group Finite Cyclic. Group
  • the STA may transmit an authentication request frame to the AP.
  • the AP may determine whether to allow authentication for the corresponding STA based on the information included in the received authentication request frame.
  • the AP may provide a result of the authentication process to the STA through an authentication response frame.
  • the successfully authenticated STA may perform an association process.
  • the connection process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and in response, the AP sends an association response frame to the STA.
  • the connection request frame includes information related to various capabilities, beacon listening interval, service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, and mobility domain. , Supported operating classes, TIM broadcast request, and information on interworking service capabilities.
  • the connection response frame includes information related to various capabilities, status codes, association ID (AID), support rate, enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameter set, received channel power indicator (RCPI), and received signal to noise (RSNI). Indicator), mobility domain, timeout interval (association comeback time (association comeback time)), overlapping (overlapping) BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, QoS map, and other information.
  • FIG 5 shows an example of a PPDU transmitted and received by an STA of the present specification.
  • FIG. 5 shows a representative field of the PPDU, and the order of the fields shown in FIG. 5 can be variously changed.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 5 may include a short training field (STF) 510.
  • STF short training field
  • the STF 510 may be embodied as L-STF, HT-STF, VHT-STF, HE-STF, EHT-STF, etc., which will be described later.
  • the STF 510 may be used for frame detection, automatic gain control (AGC), diversity detection, coarse frequency / time synchronization, and the like.
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the PPDU of FIG. 5 may include an LTF (Long Training Field, 520).
  • the LTF 520 may be embodied as L-LTF, HT-LTF, VHT-LTF, HE-LTF, EHT-LTF, etc., which will be described later.
  • the LTF 520 can be used for fine frequency / time synchronization and channel prediction.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 5 may include a SIG 530.
  • the SIG 530 may be embodied as L-SIG, HT-SIG, VHT-SIG, HE-SIG, EHT-SIG, etc., which will be described later.
  • the SIG 530 may include control information for decoding the PPDU.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 5 may include a data field 540.
  • the data field 540 may include a SERVICE field 541, a Physical Layer Service Data Unit (PSDU) 542, a PPDU TAIL bit 543, and a padding bit 544.
  • PSDU Physical Layer Service Data Unit
  • PPDU TAIL bit 543 a MAC Protocol Data Unit defined in the MAC layer, and may include data generated / used in an upper layer.
  • MPDU MAC Protocol Data Unit
  • the PPDU TAIL bit 543 can be used to return the encoder to the 0 state.
  • the padding bit 544 may be used to match the length of the data field in a predetermined unit.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of a PPDU according to a conventional wireless LAN standard.
  • the PPDU shown in the sub-figure (a) of FIG. 6 is an example of a PPDU used in the IEEE 802.11a / g standard.
  • the PPDU shown in the sub-figure (b) of FIG. 6 is an example of a PPDU used in the IEEE 802.11n standard.
  • FIG. 7 shows another example of a PPDU according to the conventional wireless LAN standard.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a PPDU according to the IEEE 802.11ac standard.
  • the illustrated Common Fields include conventional L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG, and also include VHT-SIG-A fields newly proposed in the IEEE 802.11ac standard.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 7 may be used in both a single user (SU) communication in which a signal is transmitted from an AP to a single user STA and a multi user (MU) communication in which signals are transmitted from an AP to a plurality of user STAs.
  • SU single user
  • MU multi user
  • the VHT-SIG-A field includes common control information commonly applied to all receiving STAs.
  • the Per-User fields shown in FIG. 7 include fields transmitted for at least one User STA when MU communication is performed.
  • the VHT-STF field is a newly proposed STF field in the VHT standard (ie, IEEE 802.11ac), and the VHT-LTF field is a newly proposed LTF field in the VHT standard.
  • the VHT-SIG-B field includes information for decoding the data field, and may be individually configured for each receiving STA.
  • the PPDU of FIG. 7 may be transmitted to multiple STAs based on a multi-user multiple input (MU-MIMO) technique. In addition, it may be transmitted to one STA based on the SU-MIMO technique.
  • MU-MIMO multi-user multiple input
  • FIG. 8 is a view showing another example of the HE-PPDU.
  • the example of FIG. 8 may be applied to an IEEE 802.11ax or high efficiency (HE) WLAN system.
  • the PPDU format according to IEEE 802.11ax is defined as four types.
  • the example of FIG. 8 is an example of MU-PPDU used for MU communication. However, some of the technical features applied to the field shown in FIG. 8 can be used as it is for SU communication or UL-MU communication.
  • the technical characteristics of the HE-PPDU shown in FIG. 8 can also be applied to the newly proposed EHT-PPDU.
  • technical features applied to HE-SIG may also be applied to EHT-SIG
  • technical features applied to HE-STF / LTF may also be applied to EHT-SFT / LTF.
  • the L-STF of FIG. 8 may include a short training orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol (OFDM).
  • L-STF may be used for frame detection, automatic gain control (AGC), diversity detection, and coarse frequency / time synchronization.
  • AGC automatic gain control
  • the L-LTF of FIG. 8 may include a long training orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol (OFDM). L-LTF can be used for fine frequency / time synchronization and channel prediction.
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbol
  • the L-SIG of FIG. 8 can be used to transmit control information.
  • the L-SIG may include information on data rate and data length.
  • the L-SIG may be repeatedly transmitted. That is, the L-SIG may be configured in a repetitive format (eg, R-LSIG).
  • HE-SIG-A of FIG. 8 may include control information common to the receiving station.
  • HE-SIG-A 1) DL / UL indicator, 2) BSS color field, which is an identifier of BSS, 3) field indicating the remaining time of the current TXOP section, 4) 20, 40, 80 , 160, 80 + 80 MHz bandwidth field indicating whether, 5) a field indicating the MCS technique applied to HE-SIG-B, 6) HE-SIG-B dual subcarrier modulation for MCS (dual subcarrier modulation) ) Field indicating whether to be modulated by technique, 7) field indicating the number of symbols used for HE-SIG-B, 8) field indicating whether HE-SIG-B is generated over all bands, 9 ) A field indicating the number of symbols of the HE-LTF, 10) a field indicating the length and CP length of the HE-LTF, 11) a field indicating whether there are additional OFDM symbols for LDPC coding, 12) PE (Packet Extension), a field indicating control information, 13) a field indicating the
  • HE-SIG-B of FIG. 8 may be included only in the case of a PPDU for a multi-user (MU). Basically, HE-SIG-A or HE-SIG-B may include resource allocation information (or virtual resource allocation information) for at least one receiving STA.
  • resource allocation information or virtual resource allocation information
  • the HE-STF of FIG. 8 may be used to improve automatic gain control estimation in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) environment or OFDMA environment.
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • the HE-LTF of FIG. 8 may be used to estimate a channel in a MIMO environment or OFDMA environment.
  • the size of FFT / IFFT applied to the fields after HE-STF and HE-STF of FIG. 8 may be different from the size of FFT / IFFT applied to fields before HE-STF.
  • the size of FFT / IFFT applied to HE-STF and fields after HE-STF may be four times larger than the size of IFFT applied to fields before HE-STF.
  • N 256 FFT / IFFT is applied for a bandwidth of 20 MHz
  • 512 FFT / IFFT is applied for a bandwidth of 40 MHz
  • 1024 FFT / IFFT is applied for a bandwidth of 80 MHz
  • 2048 FFT for a continuous 160 MHz or discontinuous 160 MHz bandwidth / IFFT can be applied.
  • the first field / part of the HE PPDU may be applied to a subcarrier spacing of 312.5 kHz, which is a conventional subcarrier spacing
  • the subcarrier space of 78.125 kHz may be applied to the second field / part of the HE PPDU.
  • the length of the OFDM symbol may be a value obtained by adding the length of the guard interval (GI) to the IDFT / DFT length.
  • the length of the GI can be various values such as 0.4 ⁇ s, 0.8 ⁇ s, 1.6 ⁇ s, 2.4 ⁇ s, 3.2 ⁇ s.
  • subcarrier spacing having a size of 312.5 kHz may be applied to the first part / part of the EHT-PPDU
  • a subcarrier space having a size of 78.125 kHz may be applied to the second field / part of the EHT PPDU.
  • the first part / part of the EHT-PPDU may include L-LTF, L-STF, L-SIG, EHT-SIG-A, and / or EHT-SIG-B.
  • the second part / part of the EHT-PPDU may include EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and / or data fields. The division of the first part / second part of the EHT-PPDU may be changed.
  • the resource unit may include a plurality of subcarriers (or tones).
  • the resource unit may be used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on the OFDMA technique. Also, when transmitting a signal to one STA, a resource unit may be defined. Resource units may be used for STF, LTF, data fields, and the like.
  • FIG. 9 is a view showing the arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used on a 20MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • Resource Units corresponding to different numbers of tones (ie, subcarriers) may be used to configure some fields of the HE-PPDU. For example, resources may be allocated in units of RU shown for HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields.
  • 26-units i.e., units corresponding to 26 tones
  • Six tones may be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, and five tones may be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band.
  • 7 DC tones are inserted in the central band, that is, the DC band, and 26-units corresponding to 13 tones may exist in the left and right sides of the DC band.
  • 26-unit, 52-unit, and 106-unit may be allocated to other bands.
  • Each unit can be assigned for a receiving station, ie a user.
  • the RU arrangement of FIG. 9 is utilized not only for a situation for multiple users (MU), but also for a situation for single users (SU).
  • MU multiple users
  • SU single users
  • one 242-unit It is possible to use and in this case 3 DC tones can be inserted.
  • FIG. 10 is a view showing the arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used on the 40MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • examples of FIG. 10 may also be 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, and the like.
  • 5 DC tones may be inserted into the center frequency, 12 tones are used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40 MHz band, and 11 tones are used in a rightmost band of the 40 MHz band. It can be used as a guard band.
  • 484-RU when used for a single user, 484-RU can be used. Meanwhile, the fact that the specific number of RUs can be changed is the same as the example of FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 is a view showing the arrangement of a resource unit (RU) used on the 80MHz band.
  • RU resource unit
  • examples of FIG. 11 may also be used of 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, 996-RU, etc. have.
  • 7 DC tones may be inserted into the center frequency
  • 12 tones are used in the leftmost band of the 80 MHz band as a guard band
  • 11 tones in the rightmost band of the 80 MHz band can be used as a guard band.
  • 26-RUs with 13 tones located on the left and right sides of the DC band.
  • 996-RU when used for a single user, 996-RU can be used, in which case 5 DC tones can be inserted.
  • the RUs illustrated in FIGS. 9 to 11 may be used for OFDMA-based communication. That is, any one RU shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 (26/52/106 / 242-RU, etc.) may be assigned to one STA, and the other RU may be assigned to another STA. That is, MU communication is possible by assigning the RUs shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 to a plurality of STAs. MU communication can also be applied to downlink communication and uplink communication.
  • the MU PPDU shown in FIG. 8 may be used. That is, DL-MU communication is possible through OFDMA and / or MU-MIMO techniques based on the PPDU of FIG. 8.
  • Trigger frame is defined for UL MU communication.
  • the trigger frame may include ID information for a plurality of STAs participating in UL MU communication and radio resources (eg, RU information) used for UL MU communication.
  • the AP transmits a trigger frame 1330.
  • the trigger frame is defined in the form of a MAC frame, and can be transmitted from an AP included in PPDUs of various formats. That is, when the PPDU including the Trigger Frame 1330 is received by the STA, UL MU communication starts after a short interframe space (SIFS) period. Specifically, a plurality of STAs (ie, STA 1 to STA n) indicated by the trigger frame 1330 performs UL-MU communication based on an uplink resource (ie, RU) indicated by the trigger frame 1330. .
  • SIFS short interframe space
  • a plurality of STAs transmits a trigger based (TB) PPDU according to the IEEE 802.11ax standard to the AP.
  • the plurality of TB PPDUs transmitted by the plurality of STAs are transmitted in the same time period, and information about the same time period may be included in the trigger frame 1330.
  • the AP may transmit ACK / NACK signals for TB PPDUs 1341 and 1342 through a block ACK (BA).
  • BA block ACK
  • UL MU communication may be performed within a TXOP 1325 section obtained by the AP.
  • the trigger frame of FIG. 13 shows an example of a trigger frame.
  • the trigger frame of FIG. 13 allocates resources for uplink multiple-user transmission (MU) transmission and may be transmitted from the AP.
  • the trigger frame may consist of a MAC frame and may be included in the PPDU.
  • Each field illustrated in FIG. 13 may be partially omitted, and other fields may be added. In addition, each length can be changed differently as shown.
  • the frame control field 1310 of FIG. 13 includes information on the version of the MAC protocol and other additional control information, and the duration field 1320 sets a network allocation vector (NAV) described below. Time information for and information about the identifier of the terminal (eg, AID) may be included.
  • NAV network allocation vector
  • the RA field 1330 includes address information of a receiving STA of a corresponding trigger frame, and may be omitted if necessary.
  • the TA field 1340 includes address information of an STA (eg, AP) that transmits the trigger frame, and the common information field 1350 is applied to a receiving STA that receives the trigger frame. Contains control information
  • FIG. 14 shows an example of a common information field. Some of the subfields of FIG. 10 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. Also, the length of each of the illustrated sub-fields can be changed.
  • the illustrated length field 1410 has the same value as the length field of the L-SIG field of the uplink PPDU transmitted corresponding to the corresponding trigger frame, and the length field of the L-SIG field of the uplink PPDU indicates the length of the uplink PPDU.
  • the length field 1410 of the trigger frame can be used to indicate the length of the corresponding uplink PPDU.
  • cascade indicator field 1420 indicates whether a cascade operation is performed.
  • Cascade operation means that downlink MU transmission and uplink MU transmission are performed together in the same TXOP. That is, after the downlink MU transmission is performed, it means that the uplink MU transmission is performed after a predetermined time (for example, SIFS).
  • a predetermined time for example, SIFS.
  • AP transmission device
  • a plurality of transmission devices eg, non-AP
  • the CS request field 1430 indicates whether a state of a radio medium or NAV should be considered in a situation in which a receiving device receiving a corresponding trigger frame transmits a corresponding uplink PPDU.
  • the HE-SIG-A information field 1440 may include information that controls the content of the SIG-A field (ie, the HE-SIG-A field) of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame.
  • the CP and LTF type field 1450 may include information on the length and CP length of the LTF of the uplink PPDU transmitted corresponding to the trigger frame.
  • the trigger type field 1460 may indicate the purpose for which the corresponding trigger frame is used, for example, normal triggering, triggering for beamforming, request for Block ACK / NACK, and the like.
  • the individual user information field may be referred to as a “RU allocation field”.
  • the trigger frame of FIG. 13 may include a padding field 1370 and a frame check sequence field 1380.
  • Each of the individual user information fields 1360 # 1 to 1360 # N shown in FIG. 13 preferably includes a plurality of subfields again.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of a sub-field included in a per user information field. Some of the subfields of FIG. 15 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. Also, the length of each of the illustrated sub-fields can be changed.
  • the user identifier field 1510 of FIG. 15 represents an identifier of a STA (ie, a receiving STA) to which individual user information per user information corresponds, and an example of the identifier may be all or part of the AID. have.
  • a RU Allocation field 1520 may be included. That is, when the receiving STA identified by the user identifier field 1510 transmits the uplink PPDU in response to the trigger frame of FIG. 9, the corresponding uplink PPDU through the RU indicated by the RU Allocation field 1520. To send.
  • the RU indicated by the RU Allocation field 1520 preferably indicates the RU shown in FIGS. 9, 10, and 11.
  • the sub-field of FIG. 15 may include a coding type field 1530.
  • the coding type field 1530 may indicate the coding type of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame of FIG. 13. For example, when BCC coding is applied to the uplink PPDU, the coding type field 1530 is set to '1', and when LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field 1530 is set to '0'. You can.
  • the sub-field of FIG. 15 may include an MCS field 1540.
  • the MCS field 1540 may indicate the MCS technique applied to the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame of FIG. 13.
  • the STA may transmit various feedback schedules (for example, a Buffer Status Report or channel status information) based on UORA (UL OFDMA Random Access) defined according to the IEEE 802.11ax standard.
  • UORA UL OFDMA Random Access
  • 16 is a diagram illustrating a method of performing UORA in a wireless LAN system.
  • the AP may allocate 6 RU resources as illustrated in FIG. 16 through a trigger frame (eg, FIGS. 13 to 15).
  • the AP includes first RU resources (AID 0, RU 1), second RU resources (AID 0, RU 2), third RU resources (AID 0, RU 3), and fourth RU resources (AID 2045, RU) 4), the fifth RU resource (AID 2045, RU 5), the sixth RU resource (AID 2045, RU 6) may be allocated.
  • Information regarding AID 0 or AID 2045 may be included in the user identification field 1110 of FIG. 11, for example.
  • Information about RU 1 to RU 6 may be included in the RU allocation field 1120 of FIG. 11, for example.
  • the first to third RU resources of FIG. 16 may be used as a UORA resource for an associated STA
  • the fourth to fifth RU resources of FIG. 16 for an un-associated STA It may be used as a UORA resource
  • the sixth RU resource of FIG. 16 may be used as a resource for a normal UL MU.
  • the ODMA (OFDMA random access BackOff) counter of STA1 decreases to 0, so that STA1 randomly selects the second RU resources (AID 0 and RU 2).
  • the OBO counter of STA2 / 3 is larger than 0, uplink resources are not allocated to STA2 / 3.
  • STA1 in FIG. 16 is an associated STA, there are a total of three eligible RA RUs for STA1 (RU 1, RU 2, and RU 3), and accordingly, STA1 decreases the OBO counter by 3, resulting in an OBO counter. It became zero.
  • STA2 in FIG. 16 is an associated STA, there are a total of 3 eligible RA RUs for STA2 (RU 1, RU 2, and RU 3), and accordingly, STA2 reduces the OBO counter by 3, but the OBO counter is 0. It is in a larger state.
  • STA3 in FIG. 16 is a non-associated STA, there are a total of two eligible RA RUs for STA3 (RU 4, RU 5), and accordingly, STA3 reduces the OBO counter by 2, but the OBO counter is It is greater than zero.
  • FIG. 17 shows an example of a MAC frame.
  • the MAC frame of FIG. 17 may be included in the PSDU included in the data field of the PPDU.
  • the length of each field shown in FIG. 17 may be changed, and some of the fields may be omitted.
  • the MAC frame may include a MAC header.
  • the data field may include a SERVICE field, a PSDU (Physical Layer Service Data Unit), and a PPDU TAIL bit, and if necessary, a padding bit.
  • Some bits of the SERVICE field can be used for synchronization of the descrambler at the receiving end.
  • PSDU corresponds to an MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) defined in the MAC layer, and may include data generated / used in an upper layer.
  • the PPDU TAIL bit can be used to return the encoder to the 0 state.
  • the padding bit may be used to match the length of the data field in a predetermined unit.
  • MPDU is defined according to various MAC frame formats, and the basic MAC frame is composed of a MAC header, a frame body, and a frame check sequence (FCS).
  • the MAC frame is composed of MPDUs and can be transmitted / received through the PSDU of the data portion of the PPDU frame format.
  • the MAC header includes a frame control field, a duration / ID field, and an address field.
  • the frame control field may include control information necessary for frame transmission / reception.
  • the period / ID field may be set as a time for transmitting the corresponding frame or the like.
  • the period / ID field included in the MAC header may be set to a length of 16 bits (e.b., B0 to B15).
  • the content included in the period / ID field may vary depending on the frame type and subtype, whether it is transmitted during a contention free period (CFP), or QoS capability of the transmitting STA.
  • the period / ID field may include the AID of the transmitting STA (e.g., through 14 LSB bits), and 2 MSB bits may be set to 1.
  • the period / ID field may be set to a fixed value (e.g., 32768).
  • the duration / ID field may include a duration value defined for each frame type.
  • the actual TXOP Duration indicated by B0 to B14 may be any one of 0 to 32767, and the unit may be microsecond (us).
  • the frame control field of the MAC header may include Protocol Version, Type, Subtype, To DS, From DS, More Fragment, Retry, Power Management, More Data, Protected Frame, Order subfields.
  • the STA (AP and / or non-AP STA) of the present specification may support multi-link communication.
  • STAs supporting multi-link communication may simultaneously perform communication through a plurality of links. That is, the STA supporting multi-link communication may perform communication through a plurality of links during the first time period, and may perform communication through only one of the plurality of links during the second time period.
  • Multi-link communication may mean communication supporting a plurality of links, and the link is one channel defined in a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a 6 GHz band, and / or a specific band (for example, described below) , 20/40/80/160/240/320 MHz channel).
  • a specific band for example, described below
  • the 2.4 GHz band may be referred to by other names such as the first band (band).
  • the 2.4 GHz band may mean a frequency region in which channels having a center frequency adjacent to 2.4 GHz (eg, channels having a center frequency within 2.4 to 2.5 GHz) are used / supported / defined.
  • the 2.4 GHz band may include multiple 20 MHz channels.
  • 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band may have multiple channel indices (eg, index 1 to index 14).
  • the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which channel index 1 is allocated may be 2.412 GHz
  • the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which channel index 2 is allocated may be 2.417 GHz
  • the 20 MHz to which channel index N is allocated may be (2.407 + 0.005 * N) GHz.
  • the channel index may be called various names such as a channel number. The specific values of the channel index and center frequency can be changed.
  • the illustrated first frequency domain 1810 to the fourth frequency domain 1840 may each include one channel.
  • the first frequency domain 1810 may include a channel 1 (20 MHz channel having an index of 1).
  • the center frequency of channel 1 may be set to 2412 MHz.
  • the second frequency region 1820 may include channel 6.
  • the center frequency of channel 6 may be set to 2437 MHz.
  • the third frequency region 1830 may include channel 11.
  • the center frequency of the channel 11 may be set to 2462 MHz.
  • the fourth frequency domain 1840 may include channel 14. At this time, the center frequency of the channel 14 may be set to 2484 MHz.
  • 19 shows an example of a channel used / supported / defined within a 5 GHz band.
  • the 5 GHz band may be referred to by other names such as the second band / band.
  • the 5 GHz band may refer to a frequency range in which channels having a center frequency of 5 GHz or more and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used / supported / defined.
  • the 5 GHz band may include a plurality of channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. The specific numerical values shown in FIG. 19 may be changed.
  • a plurality of channels in the 5 GHz band includes UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) -1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM.
  • UNII-1 can be called UNII Low.
  • UNII-2 may include frequency domains called UNII Mid and UNII-2Extended.
  • UNII-3 can be called UNII-Upper.
  • a plurality of channels may be set in the 5 GHz band, and the bandwidth of each channel may be variously set to 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz or 160 MHz.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency range / range within UNII-1 and UNII-2 may be divided into eight 20 MHz channels.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into four channels through the 40 MHz frequency domain.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range may be divided into two channels through the 80 MHz frequency domain.
  • the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range may be divided into one channel through the 160 MHz frequency domain.
  • FIG. 20 shows an example of a channel used / supported / defined within a 6 GHz band.
  • the 6 GHz band may be referred to by other names such as third band / band.
  • the 6 GHz band may mean a frequency domain in which channels with a center frequency of 5.9 GHz or higher are used / supported / defined.
  • the specific numerical values shown in FIG. 20 may be changed.
  • the 20 MHz channel in FIG. 20 may be defined from 5.940 GHz.
  • the left-most channel of the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 20 may have an index 1 (or a channel index, a channel number, etc.), and a center frequency of 5.945 GHz may be allocated. That is, the center frequency of the index N channel may be determined as (5.940 + 0.005 * N) GHz.
  • the index (or channel number) of the 20 MHz channel in FIG. 20 is 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233.
  • the index of the 40 MHz channel of FIG. 20 is 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, 227.
  • 20 MHz channels are shown, but additionally, 240 MHz channels or 320 MHz channels may be added.
  • two 20 MHz channels may be combined to perform 40 MHz channel bonding.
  • 40/80/160 MHz channel bonding may be performed in the IEEE 802.11ac system.
  • the STA may perform channel bonding for the primary 20 MHz channel (P20 channel) and the secondary 20 MHz channel (S20 channel).
  • a backoff count / counter may be used.
  • the backoff count value is selected as a random value and can be decreased during the backoff interval. In general, when the backoff count value becomes 0, the STA may attempt to access the channel.
  • the STA may perform bonding for the P20 channel and the S20 channel. That is, the STA may transmit a signal (PPDU) through a 40 MHz channel (that is, a 40 MHz bonding channel) including a P20 channel and an S20 channel.
  • a signal PPDU
  • the primary 20 MHz channel and the secondary 20 MHz channel may configure a 40 MHz channel (primary 40 MHz channel) through channel bonding. That is, the bonded 40 MHz channel may include a Primary 20 MHz channel and a Secondary 20 MHz channel.
  • Channel bonding may be performed when a channel consecutive to the primary channel is in an idle state. That is, the primary 20 MHz channel, the secondary 20 MHz channel, the secondary 40 MHz channel, and the secondary 80 MHz channel may be sequentially bonded. If the secondary 20 MHz channel is determined to be busy, the channel even if all other secondary channels are idle. Bonding may not be performed. In addition, when the Secondary 20 MHz channel is determined to be in the Idle state and the Secondary 40 MHz channel is determined to be in the Busy state, channel bonding may be performed only for the Primary 20 MHz channel and the Secondary 20 MHz channel.
  • the STA (AP and / or non-AP STA) of the present specification may support multi-link communication. That is, the STA can transmit and receive signals simultaneously through the first link and the second link based on the multi-link. That is, the multi-link may refer to a technique in which one STA simultaneously transmits and receives signals through a plurality of links. For example, multi-link communication may also include transmitting a signal through one link and receiving a signal through another link. The STA supporting multi-link may use a plurality of links in the first time period and only one link in the second time period.
  • 22 is a view for explaining the technical characteristics of the link used in the multi-link.
  • the link used for the multi-link may have at least one of the following technical features. Features related to the link described below are exemplary and additional technical features may be applied.
  • each link used for multi-link may be included in a different band. That is, when multi-links supporting the first and second links are used, each of the first link and the second link is included in the 2.4 GHz band, the 5 GHz band, or the 6 GHz band, but the first link and the second link Can be included in different bands.
  • the first link 2210 and the second link 2220 may be used for multi-link.
  • the first link 2210 of FIG. 22 may be included, for example, within a 5 GHz band.
  • the second link 2220 of FIG. 22 may be included, for example, in a 6 GHz band.
  • Each link used for multi-link may be included in the same band.
  • all links are included in the same band, or the first / second link is included in the first band and the third link is not 2 bands.
  • the multi-link may be configured based on different RF modules (for example, a transmission / reception device including an IDFT / IFFT / DFT / FFT block and a base band processing device). Additionally or alternatively, a plurality of links included in the multi-link may be discontinuous in the frequency domain. That is, a frequency gap may exist in a frequency domain corresponding to the first link and a frequency domain corresponding to the second link among the plurality of links.
  • the first link 2210 may include a plurality of channels 2211, 2212, 2213, and 2214.
  • the STA may apply existing channel bonding to a plurality of channels 2211, 2212, 2213, and 2214. That is, if a plurality of channels (2211, 2212, 2213, 2214) is in the Idle state for a specific time period (for example, during PIFS), the plurality of channels (2211, 2212, 2213, 2214) is a single bonding channel It may be configured, and one bonding channel may operate as one link 2210.
  • some (eg, 2211, 2212, 2214) of a plurality of channels (2211, 2212, 2213, 2214) may operate as one link 2210 through the preamble puncturing technique newly proposed in the IEEE 802.11ax standard. .
  • the above-described features may be equally applied to the second link 2220.
  • An upper limit may be determined for the number of channels (and / or maximum bandwidth) included in one link used for multi-link. For example, as in the example of FIG. 22, up to four channels may constitute one link. Additionally or alternatively, the maximum bandwidth of one link may be 160 MHz, 240 MHz, 320 MHz. Additionally or alternatively, one link may contain only contiguous channels. The specific figures above are subject to change.
  • the procedure for identifying / specifying / determining links used for multi-links is related to the aggregation (or channel aggregation) procedure.
  • the STA may aggregate multiple links to perform multi-link communication. That is, the STA may perform 1) a first procedure for identifying / specifying / determining a link aggregated for a multi-link, and 2) a second procedure for performing multi-link communication through the identified / specified / determined link.
  • the STA may perform the first and second procedures as separate procedures, or simultaneously through one procedure.
  • the STA can transmit and receive information on a plurality of links constituting a multi-link.
  • the AP may identify information on a band supporting multi-link capability and / or a channel supporting multi-link capability through Beacon, Probe Response, Association Response, and other control frames. Identification information can be transmitted. For example, if the AP can perform communication by aggregating some channels in the 5 GHz band and some channels in the 6 GHz band, identification information regarding the channels that can be aggregated may be transmitted to the User STA.
  • the user STA also identifies information on a band for which multi-capability is supported and / or a channel for which multi-capability is supported through Probe Request, Association Response, and other control frames. Information can be transmitted. For example, when a user STA can perform communication by aggregating some channels in a 5 GHz band and some channels in a 6 GHz band, identification information regarding a channel that can be aggregated may be transmitted to the AP.
  • Any one of a plurality of links constituting a multi-link may operate as a primary link.
  • Primary Link can perform various functions. For example, the STA may perform aggregation on other links when the backoff-value of the primary link is 0 (and / or when the primary link is an idle during PIFS). Information on the primary link may also be included in Beacon, Probe Request / Response, and Association Request / Response.
  • User-STA / AP can specify / determine / acquire a band and / or channel on which multi-link is performed through a negotiation procedure that exchanges information about each capability.
  • the STA may be used for a first candidate band / channel that can be used for the first link and a second candidate band / channel that can be used for the second link and a third link through the negotiation procedure.
  • a third candidate band / channel can be specified / determined / obtained.
  • the STA may perform a procedure of identifying / specifying / determining links aggregated for multi-links. For example, the STA is based on a first candidate band / channel, a second candidate band / channel, a backoff-count of the third candidate band / channel and / or a clear channel assessment (CCA) sensing result (whether busy / idle).
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • the STA may aggregate the second candidate band / channel that has maintained the Idle state for a specific period (during PIFS) at a time when the backoff count value of the first candidate band / channel is 0.
  • the STA determines / specifies the first candidate band / channel as the first link for the multi-link, determines / specifies the second candidate band / channel as the second link for the multi-link, and the first and second Multi-link communication can be performed through a link.
  • the STA may perform multi-link communication through the first and second links. For example, the STA may transmit PPDUs of the same length through both the first and second links. Alternatively, the STA may receive the transmitted PPDU through the first link and receive the received PPDU through the second link during overlapping time periods. The STA performs communication through all the aggregated links in a specific time period, and can use only one link in another time period.
  • the STA (User-STA / AP) of the present specification may include a plurality of RF modules / units. For example, when the STA transmits a signal in the 2.4 GHz band using the RF module / unit in the 5 GHz and / or 6 GHz band, performance degradation for the STA may occur. Accordingly, the STA may additionally include an RF module / unit for the 2.4 GHz band distinguished from the RF module / unit for the 5 GHz and / or 6 GHz band.
  • the STA of the present specification can operate in various bands / channels. Accordingly, an operation for transmitting accurate information about a band and / or channel for User-STA / AP should be defined.
  • Flexible DL (Down-Link) / UL (Up-Link) technology may mean a technology in which a STA including a plurality of RFs independently transmits and receives signals (or data) from a plurality of RFs.
  • the STA may operate based on Flexible DL / UL technology, but the following technical features are not limited to the term “Flexible DL / UL technology”. Meanwhile, the following technical features may operate in a system in which time synchronization between different frames / packets / data units in a multi link is not required.
  • the flexible DL / UL technology may be called various terms such as Async (Asynchronous) multi-link technology, Async mode in STA supporting multi-link.
  • the plurality of RFs included in the STA may transmit signals (or data) based on contention on a predetermined link / channel. Also, a plurality of RFs included in the STA may transmit a signal (or data) based on resource allocation according to a trigger frame. The signal (or data) transmitted through the first RF included in the plurality of RFs may not affect the second RFs included in the plurality of RFs.
  • the STA may not support flexible DL / UL technology. In this case, the STA may perform only one of transmission or reception at a designated time. When the STA transmits and receives signals, all of the plurality of RFs included in the STA may be used. That is, the STA may perform only one operation of transmission or reception at a designated time by using all of a plurality of RFs.
  • STAs supporting flexible DL / UL technology can efficiently use a link (or channel).
  • RF can perform link (or channel) contention on each link (or channel). Accordingly, the STA may determine whether the current link (or channel) is busy / idle through RF. The STA may transmit a signal when the current link (or channel) is idle.
  • the STA can transmit signals only when the specified conditions are satisfied after determining all of the band / band links (or channels) supported by the STA.
  • STAs supporting flexible DL / UL technology can simultaneously transmit and receive.
  • response speed is important, and transmission / reception may occur alternately. Therefore, the flexible DL / UL technology may be easy to support multimedia traffic.
  • the STA cannot receive a signal through another link / band while transmitting a signal on a specific link / band.
  • 23 is a diagram for explaining an example of an operation between STAs to which Flexible DL / UL technology is applied.
  • the receiving STA may support flexible DL / UL technology.
  • the receiving STA may include a first RF and a second RF.
  • the first RF may operate on the first link / band.
  • the second RF can operate on the second link / band.
  • the receiving STA may receive DL Data 1 through the first link.
  • the receiving STA may transmit an ACK in response to DL Data 1 through the first link.
  • the receiving STA may transmit UL Data 1 through the second link.
  • the receiving STA may receive an ACK in response to UL Data 1 through the second link.
  • the receiving STA may transmit UL Data 2 through the first link and UL Data 3 through the second link.
  • the receiving STA may receive DL Data 3 through the first link and DL Data 2 through the second link.
  • the receiving STA may transmit and receive signals (or data) through the first link or the second link, respectively. That is, signal transmission and reception through the first link may be performed independently of signal transmission and reception through the second link.
  • 24 is another diagram for explaining an example of operation between STAs to which Flexible DL / UL technology is applied.
  • EDCA is not prohibited for the first link, but EDCA is prohibited for the second link. Therefore, the receiving STA can transmit UL data only when the Resource is allocated by the trigger frame in the second link.
  • the receiving STA may receive DL Data 1 through the first link.
  • the receiving STA may receive a trigger frame while receiving DL Data 1.
  • the receiving STA may be assigned a resource for transmitting UL Data 1 through the second link based on the trigger frame.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit UL Data 1 through the second link based on the assigned Resource.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit DL Data 2 through the first link while transmitting UL Data 1.
  • the receiving STA may receive the first packet through the first link.
  • the receiving STA may obtain quality information on the first link based on the first packet.
  • the receiving STA may transmit the second packet through the second link.
  • the second packet may include quality information regarding the first link. That is, the receiving STA may transmit quality information regarding the first link through the second link.
  • the first STA could operate only in one band / band. Therefore, in order to transmit information about the current channel status to the second STA, the first STA, after performing channel competition, transmits the channel status information to the second STA through the determined channel.
  • the first STA transmits the channel status information through channel contention, a difference may occur between the time when the channel status is measured and the time when the channel status information is transmitted.
  • the BSS to which the first STA belongs may further include STAs other than the first STA. In this case, since the difference between the time when the channel condition is measured and the time when the channel condition information is transmitted may be widened, the channel condition information may not accurately represent the current channel condition.
  • STAs supporting multi-link and flexible DL / UL technology may transmit and receive signals (or data) on a plurality of links, respectively. Accordingly, when the STA transmits a signal (or data) on the first link, the STA may additionally provide information on the channel condition of the second link. The STA can quickly transmit a channel specific value. In addition, the STA may not need to separately transmit a packet for transmitting information on a channel condition on the first link. Therefore, when transmitting a signal (or data) in the first link, if the second link additionally provides information about the channel condition of the first link, overhead may be reduced.
  • An example receiving STA of the present specification may support multi-links including a first link and a second link.
  • the receiving STA may support flexible DL / UL technology. Accordingly, the receiving STA may transmit and receive signals (or data) through the first link or the second link. The receiving STA may receive the first packet through the first link from the transmitting STA.
  • the receiving STA may obtain quality information on the first link based on the first packet. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, after receiving the first packet, the receiving STA may obtain quality information on the first link. According to an embodiment, even if all the first packets are not received, the receiving STA may acquire quality information regarding the first link.
  • quality information regarding the first link includes RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), PER (Packet Error Rate), RCPI (Received Channel Power Indicator), and ANIPI (Average Noise plus) Interference Power Indicator) or RSNI (Received Signal-to-Noise Indicator).
  • RSSI Receiveived Signal Strength Indicator
  • SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
  • PER Packet Error Rate
  • RCPI Receiveived Channel Power Indicator
  • ANIPI Average Noise plus Interference Power Indicator
  • RSNI Receiveived Signal-to-Noise Indicator
  • the RSSI information may indicate the received power strength of a recently received packet.
  • the SINR information may indicate the SINR value of a packet that has been recently received.
  • Information about PER may indicate the error rate of previously received packets.
  • Information about the RCPI may indicate the channel power strength of a packet recently received.
  • ANIPI may mean a MAC indication of average noise and interference measured in a channel in which the STA is not transmitting a frame and the STA is not receiving a frame transmitted to the STA.
  • RSNI may indicate the signal-to-noise and interference ratio of the received frame.
  • the quality information related to the first link may further include a recommended value.
  • the receiving STA or the transmitting STA may calculate the Recommended value based on the quality information (or measured value).
  • the receiving STA may transmit the Recommended value to the transmitting STA.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit the Recommended value to the receiving STA.
  • the Recommended value may include information on whether to use Number of Spatial Stream, MCS, Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM), Resource Unit size and location, Bandwidth, or Beamforming.
  • the receiving STA may transmit the second packet through the second link. According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may transmit the second packet through the second link while receiving the first packet through the first link. According to an embodiment, the receiving STA may receive the first packet through the first link and then transmit the second packet through the second link. In other words, the receiving STA may receive the first packet through the first link and obtain quality information about the first link based on the first packet. The receiving STA may transmit a second packet including quality information on the first link through the second link.
  • the above-described operation of the receiving STA may be performed in the same manner in the transmitting STA.
  • the receiving STA and / or the transmitting STA may exchange quality information on the first link and / or quality information on the second link.
  • the receiving STA and / or the transmitting STA may transmit a signal (or data) based on quality information regarding the 1/2 link.
  • the transmitting STA may quickly select the MCS. Specifically, the transmitting STA may acquire values of RSSI, SINR, RCPI, etc. of the first link. The transmitting STA may select a higher MCS than the previously used MCS (or MCS level) if the values of RSSI, SINR, RCPI, etc. are high. The transmitting STA may transmit a signal according to an MCS higher than the MCS (or MCS level). In addition, the transmitting STA can check the PER of the first link. When the transmission STA has a high PER value, a signal may be transmitted using an MCS lower than the current MCS. Therefore, the transmitting STA may determine the MCS based on the quality information of the first link.
  • the transmitting STA may know the distance between the receiving STA and the transmitting STA.
  • the transmitting STA may determine that the receiving STA is far from the transmitting STA when the RSSI value is lowered compared to the previously received RSSI value based on the RSSI value or the like.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit neighbor BSS information to the receiving STA or transmit buffered data with priority. According to the present embodiment, the transmitting STA can quickly check the movement of the receiving STA. Therefore, the transmitting STA may perform an operation according to the movement of the receiving STA.
  • the transmitting STA may determine the resource allocation based on the obtained quality information. For example, the transmitting STA may check / obtain the link / channel status between the receiving STA and the transmitting STA based on the information on the RSSI. The transmitting STA may consider the link / channel situation and consider the OFDMA resource allocation. The transmitting STA can quickly and accurately determine resource allocation. Accordingly, performance can be improved by determining resource allocation quickly and accurately in the transmitting STA.
  • the quality information may be used during power control in UL OFDMA.
  • transmit power control between the transmitting STA and the receiving STAs may be required.
  • the quality information eg, RSSI
  • the quality information obtained through a link (or RF) different from the link performing the transmit power control may be used.
  • FIG. 25 may show a specific example of the operation of the above-described receiving STA.
  • 25 shows an example of an operation of a receiving STA for transmitting quality information.
  • the receiving STA may receive DL Data 1 2531 through the first link 2510.
  • the receiving STA may transmit the channel / link measurement value (or quality information regarding the first link 2510) of the DL Data 1 2531 based on the DL Data 1 2531 in UL Data 1 2541. Can. Accordingly, the receiving STA may transmit the DL data 1 2531 included in the channel / link measurement value of the DL data 1 2531 while receiving the DL data 1 2531 through the first link 2510.
  • the transmitting STA may obtain a channel / link measurement value of DL Data 1 2531 based on UL Data 1 2251 transmitted through the second link 2520.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit the DL Data 2 2532 whose MCS is adjusted based on the measured channel / link value of the DL Data 1 2253.
  • the transmitting STA may obtain a channel / link measurement value (or quality information regarding the second link 2520) of UL Data 1 2254.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit the channel / link measurement value of UL Data 1 (2541) in DL Data 2 (2532).
  • the receiving STA may transmit the channel / link measurement value of DL Data 2 (2532) in UL Data 3 (2543).
  • the transmitting STA may transmit by including the channel / link measurement value of UL Data 3 2542 in DL Data 3 2533.
  • the receiving STA may transmit the UL Data 2 2254 with the MCS adjusted based on the channel / link measurement value of the UL Data 1 2254 received from the transmitting STA.
  • the receiving STA may check / obtain parameters, such as SINR, after receiving all packets (or data). Accordingly, the receiving STA can check / acquire parameters, such as SINR of DL Data 1 2531, after receiving DL Data 1 2531.
  • the receiving STA may transmit by including parameters such as SINR of DL Data 1 2253 in UL Data 2 2542.
  • the receiving STA to which the present embodiment is not applicable may transmit the channel / link measurement value of DL Data 1 2531 to the transmitting STA in UL Data 3 2543.
  • quality information about the 1/2 link may be transmitted through the frame format described below.
  • quality information on the 1/2 link may be exchanged within a transmission period (eg, CQR Duration) described below.
  • the receiving STA may receive the first packet through the first link.
  • the receiving STA may obtain quality information on the first link based on the first packet.
  • the receiving STA may transmit a second packet through the second link.
  • the second packet may include a MAC header.
  • the MAC header may include quality information regarding the first link. Accordingly, the receiving STA may transmit the quality information related to the first link in the MAC header of the second packet.
  • the receiving STA may perform a channel quality report (CQR) setup procedure with the transmitting STA to transmit quality information regarding the first link.
  • CQR channel quality report
  • the receiving STA may set a CQR duration, which is an interval for transmitting quality information on the first link, based on a transmitting STA and a Channel Quality Report (CQR) setup procedure.
  • Quality information regarding the first link may be transmitted within a CQR duration.
  • 26 shows the format of a MAC header for CQR.
  • the MAC header for CQR may include a Sequence Number Field 2610, a Channel Quality Parameter (CQP) Field 2620, a CQP Band Field 2630, and a CQP Feedback Request Field 2640.
  • CQP Channel Quality Parameter
  • the sequence number field 2610 may include information about a sequence number of a data frame in which a value (eg, RSSI, SINR, or PER) related to channel quality (or link quality) is measured.
  • the transmitting STA can check when the channel / link quality is measured at the receiving STA based on the Sequence Number Field 2610.
  • Information on the sequence number of the data frame may be replaced with information on the channel / link quality measurement time.
  • the CQP field 2620 may include information about a channel / link quality value.
  • the CQP field 2620 may indicate a specific RSSI value, SINR value, or PER value.
  • the CQP Band Field 2630 may include link (or band) information on which channel / link quality values are measured.
  • the CQP Band Field 2630 may include information for indicating the first link.
  • the CQP Feedback Request Field 2640 may include information about whether to request a channel / link quality value.
  • the CQP Feedback Request Field 2640 may have a value of TRUE.
  • the CQP Feedback Request Field 2640 may mean requesting to be informed by measuring the channel quality value of the frame.
  • the CQP Feedback Request Field 2640 may have a FALSE value. In this case, the CQP Feedback Request Field 2640 may mean that there is no need to separately report the channel quality value of the frame.
  • the CQP Feedback Request field 2640 may be included in the MAC Header of all frames.
  • the CQP Feedback Request field 2640 may be set to automatically report the channel quality value of a data frame received only in a designated time period (eg, CQR Duration) through MAC signaling.
  • a designated time period eg, CQR Duration
  • FIG. 27 The process for setting a designated time period (eg, CQR Duration) through MAC signaling may be illustrated through FIG. 27.
  • 27 is a diagram for explaining a method for a STA to set a CQR Duration.
  • the receiving STA may perform a CQR setup process to exchange quality information regarding channel / link with the transmitting STA. Before performing the CQR setup process, the receiving STA may not acquire / measure the quality information regarding the channel / link. The receiving STA may set the CQR Duration based on the CQR setup process with the transmitting STA.
  • the receiving STA may transmit a CQR Request frame to the transmitting STA for the CQR setup process.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit the CQR Response frame to the receiving STA in response to the CQR Request frame.
  • the receiving STA and the transmitting STA may set the CQR Duration based on the CQR Request frame or CQR Response frame.
  • the CQR Request frame or CQR Response frame may include information on the CQR Duration. Information on the CQR Duration can be specifically described through FIG. 28.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit the CQR Request frame to the receiving STA, and the receiving STA may transmit the CQR Response frame to the transmitting STA.
  • the receiving STA or transmitting STA may transmit information within the CQR Duration by including information on channel / link quality in Data 2, Data 3, Data 4, or Data 5. After the CQR Duration ends, the receiving STA or the transmitting STA may not transmit channel / link quality information without measuring the channel / link quality value again. Therefore, the receiving STA or the transmitting STA can exchange the quality information regarding the channel / link within a designated CQR Duration through a CQR setup process.
  • the CQR Request frame or CQR Response frame may include information on CQR Duration.
  • the CQR Request frame or CQR Response frame may include a CQR Duration Field 2810, a CQR Start Time Field 2820, a CQR Format Field 2830, or a CQR Condition Field 2840.
  • the CQR Duration Field 2810 may include information on the length of the CQR Duration.
  • the CQR Start Time Field 2820 may include information regarding the start time of the CQR Duration.
  • the CQR Format Field 2830 may include information for reporting a channel / link quality value in CQR Duration.
  • the CQR Format Field 2830 may include information about which parameter to use among parameters indicating a channel / link quality value.
  • the CQR Format Field 2830 may include information on how much to use the length of the field indicating the channel / link quality. The longer the length of the field indicating the channel / link quality, the more detailed the channel / link quality. Values can be sent.
  • the CQR Condition Field 2840 may include information on conditions for reporting a channel / link quality value.
  • the CQR Condition Field 2840 may include information indicating that channel / link quality is to be measured only for frames having a specified frame length or more.
  • the CQR Condition Field 2840 may include information regarding a time interval for measuring a frame.
  • the CQR Condition Field 2840 may include information on how to measure the channel / link quality of a frame every msec at the STA (receive STA or transmit STA).
  • the CQR Condition Field 2840 may include information on whether to report only within a few msec and not to report thereafter. That is, the CQR Condition Field 2840 may include information regarding the validity period of the channel / link quality of the frame.
  • 29 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the operation of the receiving STA.
  • the receiving STA may receive the first packet through the first link from the transmitting STA.
  • the receiving STA may perform a CQR setup procedure with the transmitting STA.
  • the receiving STA may set the CQR duration based on the CQR setup procedure.
  • the receiving STA may receive the first packet within the CQR duration.
  • the receiving STA may obtain quality information regarding the first link based on the first packet.
  • Quality information regarding the first link includes: RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), PER (Packet Error Rate), RCPI (Received Channel Power Indicator), ANIPI (Average Noise plus Interference Power Indicator) ) Or RSNI (Received Signal-to-Noise Indicator).
  • RSSI Receiveived Signal Strength Indicator
  • SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio
  • PER Packet Error Rate
  • RCPI Receiveived Channel Power Indicator
  • ANIPI Average Noise plus Interference Power Indicator
  • RSNI Receiveived Signal-to-Noise Indicator
  • the receiving STA may transmit the second packet to the transmitting STA through the second link.
  • the second packet may include a MAC header.
  • the MAC header may include quality information regarding the first link. Accordingly, the receiving STA may transmit the quality information regarding the first link in the second packet to the transmitting STA. Thereafter, the receiving STA may receive the third packet through the first link based on the quality information regarding the first link.
  • 30 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the operation of the transmitting STA.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit the first packet to the receiving STA through the first link.
  • the transmitting STA may perform a CQR setup procedure with the receiving STA.
  • the transmitting STA may set the CQR duration based on the CQR setup procedure.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit the first packet within the CQR duration.
  • the transmitting STA may receive the second packet from the receiving STA through the second link.
  • the second packet may include a MAC header.
  • the MAC header may include quality information regarding the first link.
  • the transmitting STA may obtain quality information regarding the first link based on the second packet.
  • Quality information regarding the first link includes: RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), PER (Packet Error Rate), RCPI (Received Channel Power Indicator), ANIPI (Average Noise plus Interference Power Indicator) ) Or RSNI (Received Signal-to-Noise Indicator).
  • the transmitting STA may transmit the third packet through the first link based on the quality information regarding the first link.
  • the transmitting STA may change the MCS based on the quality information regarding the first link.
  • the transmitting STA may transmit the third packet according to the changed MCS.
  • the transmitting STA may perform OFDMA Resource Allocation based on the RSSI measured on the first link.
  • 31 shows a receiving STA or a transmitting STA to which an example of the present specification is applied.
  • the STA 3100 may include a processor 3110, a memory 3120, and a transceiver 3130.
  • the characteristics of FIG. 31 may be applied to a non-AP STA or AP STA.
  • the illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may each be implemented as separate chips, or at least two or more blocks / functions may be implemented through one chip.
  • the illustrated transceiver 3130 performs a signal transmission / reception operation. Specifically, an IEEE 802.11 packet (eg, IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.) can be transmitted and received.
  • IEEE 802.11 packet eg, IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.
  • the processor 3110 may implement functions, processes, and / or methods proposed herein. Specifically, the processor 3110 may receive a signal through the transceiver 3130, process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission.
  • the processor 3110 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, logic circuits, and data processing devices.
  • the memory 3120 may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and / or other storage devices.
  • the memory 3120 may store a signal (ie, a received signal) received through the transceiver, and may store a signal (ie, a transmitted signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver. That is, the processor 3110 may acquire the received signal through the memory 3120 and store the signal to be transmitted in the memory 3120.
  • a signal ie, a received signal
  • a signal ie, a transmitted signal
  • the transceiver 3200 includes a transmitting part 3201 and a receiving part 3202.
  • the transmission part 3201 includes a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) unit 3211, a subcarrier mapper 3212, an IDFT / IFFT unit 3313, a CP insertion unit 3214, and a wireless transmission unit 3215.
  • the transmission part 3201 may further include a modulator.
  • the transmitting part 3201 allows information to pass through the DFT unit 3211 before mapping a signal to a subcarrier.
  • the IDFT / IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • the DFT unit 3211 performs DFT on the input symbols to output complex-valued symbols. For example, if Ntx symbols are input (where Ntx is a natural number), the DFT size (size) is Ntx.
  • the DFT unit 3211 may be referred to as a transform precoder.
  • the subcarrier mapper 1912 maps the complex symbols to each subcarrier in the frequency domain. The complex symbols may be mapped to resource elements corresponding to a resource block allocated for data transmission.
  • the subcarrier mapper 3212 may be referred to as a resource element mapper.
  • the IDFT / IFFT unit 3213 performs IDFT / IFFT on an input symbol to output a baseband signal for data that is a time domain signal.
  • the CP inserting unit 3214 copies a part of the rear part of the base band signal for data and inserts it into the front part of the base band signal for data.
  • ISI Inter-Symbol Interference
  • ICI Inter-Carrier Interference
  • the reception part 1902 includes a wireless reception unit 3221, a CP removal unit 3222, an FFT unit 3223, and an equalization unit 3224.
  • the wireless reception unit 3221, the CP removal unit 3222, and the FFT unit 3223 of the reception part 3202 are a wireless transmission unit 3215, a CP insertion unit 3214, and an IFF unit 3213 at the transmission end 3201 ).
  • the receiving part 1902 may further include a demodulator.
  • the transceiver of FIG. 32 may include a reception window control unit (not shown) for extracting a portion of the received signal, and a decoding operation processing unit (not shown) that performs decoding operations on the signal extracted through the reception window. ).
  • Machine learning refers to the field of studying the methodology to define and solve various problems in the field of artificial intelligence. do.
  • Machine learning is defined as an algorithm that improves the performance of a task through a consistent experience with a task.
  • An artificial neural network is a model used in machine learning, and may refer to an overall model having a problem-solving ability, which is composed of artificial neurons (nodes) forming a network through synaptic coupling.
  • the artificial neural network may be defined by a connection pattern between neurons of different layers, a learning process for updating model parameters, and an activation function that generates output values.
  • the artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer contains one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network can include neurons and synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron may output a function value of an input function input through a synapse, a weight, and an active function for bias.
  • the model parameter means a parameter determined through learning, and includes weights of synaptic connections and bias of neurons.
  • the hyperparameter means a parameter that must be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, and includes learning rate, number of iterations, mini-batch size, initialization function, and the like.
  • the purpose of training an artificial neural network can be seen as determining model parameters that minimize the loss function.
  • the loss function can be used as an index for determining an optimal model parameter in the learning process of an artificial neural network.
  • Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning according to the learning method.
  • Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network while a label for training data is given, and a label is a correct answer (or a result value) that the artificial neural network must infer when the training data is input to the artificial neural network.
  • Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of training an artificial neural network without a label for learning data.
  • Reinforcement learning may mean a learning method in which an agent defined in a certain environment is trained to select an action or a sequence of actions to maximize cumulative reward in each state.
  • Machine learning which is implemented as a deep neural network (DNN) that includes a plurality of hidden layers among artificial neural networks, is also referred to as deep learning (deep learning), and deep learning is a part of machine learning.
  • DNN deep neural network
  • machine learning is used to mean deep learning.
  • a robot can mean a machine that automatically handles or acts on a task given by its own capabilities.
  • a robot having a function of recognizing the environment and performing an operation by determining itself can be referred to as an intelligent robot.
  • Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, and military according to the purpose or field of use.
  • the robot may be provided with a driving unit including an actuator or a motor to perform various physical operations such as moving a robot joint.
  • the movable robot includes wheels, brakes, and propellers in the driving unit, so that it can travel on the ground or fly in the air through the eastern part.
  • Augmented reality refers to virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR).
  • VR technology provides real world objects and backgrounds only in CG images
  • AR technology provides virtual CG images on real objects images
  • MR technology mixes and combines virtual objects in the real world.
  • MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it shows both real and virtual objects.
  • a virtual object is used as a complement to a real object, whereas in MR technology, there is a difference in that a virtual object and a real object are used with equal characteristics.
  • HMD Head-Mount Display
  • HUD Head-Up Display
  • mobile phone tablet PC, laptop, desktop, TV, digital signage, etc. It can be called.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

D'après divers modes de réalisation, un procédé exécuté dans un système de réseau local sans fil (WLAN) peut comprendre les étapes au cours desquelles : une STA de réception qui prend en charge plusieurs liaisons, parmi lesquelles une première liaison et une seconde liaison, reçoit un premier paquet provenant d'une STA de transmission au moyen de la première liaison ; la STA de réception obtient des informations sur la qualité relatives à la première liaison sur la base du premier paquet ; et la STA de réception transmet un second paquet au moyen de la seconde liaison, le second paquet contenant un en-tête MAC et l'en-tête MAC contenant les informations sur la qualité relatives à la première liaison.
PCT/KR2019/011481 2018-09-05 2019-09-05 Procédé et dispositif de transmission d'informations relatives à une liaison dans un système lan sans fil Ceased WO2020050649A1 (fr)

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