WO2020049620A1 - 干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置及びフーリエ変換赤外分光光度計 - Google Patents
干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置及びフーリエ変換赤外分光光度計 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020049620A1 WO2020049620A1 PCT/JP2018/032655 JP2018032655W WO2020049620A1 WO 2020049620 A1 WO2020049620 A1 WO 2020049620A1 JP 2018032655 W JP2018032655 W JP 2018032655W WO 2020049620 A1 WO2020049620 A1 WO 2020049620A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/02—Interferometers
- G01B9/02055—Reduction or prevention of errors; Testing; Calibration
- G01B9/02075—Reduction or prevention of errors; Testing; Calibration of particular errors
- G01B9/02078—Caused by ambiguity
- G01B9/02079—Quadrature detection, i.e. detecting relatively phase-shifted signals
- G01B9/02081—Quadrature detection, i.e. detecting relatively phase-shifted signals simultaneous quadrature detection, e.g. by spatial phase shifting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/02—Interferometers
- G01B9/02041—Interferometers characterised by particular imaging or detection techniques
- G01B9/02044—Imaging in the frequency domain, e.g. by using a spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/02—Interferometers
- G01B9/02055—Reduction or prevention of errors; Testing; Calibration
- G01B9/0207—Error reduction by correction of the measurement signal based on independently determined error sources, e.g. using a reference interferometer
- G01B9/02072—Error reduction by correction of the measurement signal based on independently determined error sources, e.g. using a reference interferometer by calibration or testing of interferometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/02—Interferometers
- G01B9/02083—Interferometers characterised by particular signal processing and presentation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B2290/00—Aspects of interferometers not specifically covered by any group under G01B9/02
- G01B2290/70—Using polarization in the interferometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry
- G01J3/453—Interferometric spectrometry by correlation of the amplitudes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an interferometer moving mirror position measuring device for determining the position of the moving mirror of an interferometer having a beam splitter, a fixed mirror and a moving mirror, and a Fourier transform infrared device including the interferometer moving mirror position measuring device. It relates to a spectrophotometer (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: FTIR).
- FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
- an interferometer such as a Michelson interferometer, generates interference light whose amplitude changes over time and irradiates the sample, and interferograms transmitted light transmitted through the sample or reflected light reflected by the sample. And the Fourier transform processing of this interferogram yields a spectrum with the wave number (or wavelength) on the horizontal axis and the intensity on the vertical axis.
- a Michelson interferometer is a device that includes a beam splitter (half mirror), a fixed mirror, a moving mirror, and the like. The light is split into two by a beam splitter, and one is fixed by a fixed mirror and the other is by a moving mirror. After being reflected, these two reflected lights interfere with each other. By moving the movable mirror, the amplitude of the obtained interference light changes with time.
- One method of controlling the moving mirror in a Michelson interferometer is a method called quadrature control (Patent Document 1).
- a fixed light source is provided by using a laser light source provided separately from the Michelson-type interferometer, and a laser interferometer having a beam splitter, a fixed mirror, and a movable mirror common to the Michelson-type interferometer.
- the position of the moving mirror is determined from the difference (optical path difference) between the light reflected by the optical mirror and the light reflected by the moving mirror.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a laser interferometer used in the method.
- the laser interferometer 90 is provided with a laser light source 91 that emits a linearly polarized beam, a beam splitter 92, a fixed mirror 93, and a movable mirror 94 of a Michelson-type interferometer, and between the beam splitter 92 and the fixed mirror 93. And a 8 wavelength plate 95 arranged so that the plane of polarization is inclined with respect to the linearly polarized light of the beam.
- a polarization beam splitter 96 for separating p-polarized light and s-polarized light is disposed on the output side of the beam splitter 92, and a first photodetector 97A is provided on the p-polarized light output side, and on the s-polarized light output side.
- the second photodetectors 97B are arranged respectively.
- a first waveform shaper 98A is connected to the first light detector 97A, and a second waveform shaper 98B is connected to the second light detector 97B.
- the first waveform shaper 98A and the second waveform shaper 98A An up / down counter 99 is connected to 98B.
- a linearly polarized beam is emitted from the laser light source 91, and the beam is split into two beams by the beam splitter 92.
- One of the split beams is reflected by a fixed mirror 93 and the other is reflected by a movable mirror 94.
- the beam reflected by the moving mirror 94 remains linearly polarized light
- the beam of the linearly polarized light reflected by the fixed mirror 93 passes through the ⁇ wavelength plate 95 twice to be circularly polarized. Or it becomes elliptically polarized light.
- These two beams are superimposed by a beam splitter 92 to become interference light.
- the interference light is separated into p-polarized light and s-polarized light by a polarizing beam splitter 96.
- the separated p-polarized light enters the first photodetector 97A
- the s-polarized light enters the second photodetector 97B.
- the intensity of the interference light is converted into a current signal, which becomes a fringe signal.
- the p-polarized fringe signal and the s-polarized fringe signal are periodic signals with respect to time. Just fall in time to travel. These fringe signals are shaped into pulse signals by the first waveform shaper 98A and the second waveform shaper 98B and input to the up / down counter 99.
- one of the p-polarized fringe signal and the s-polarized fringe signal is one when the moving mirror 94 moves away from the beam splitter 92 (p-polarized light in FIG. 6, depending on the direction of rotation of the circularly-polarized light or elliptically-polarized light).
- the opposite polarization that is, s-polarized light, may be the same. The same applies hereinafter.
- the phase is delayed by 90 ° with respect to the other (same-s-polarized light), and when the movable mirror 94 approaches the beam splitter 92, the other (same-p). (Polarized light) advances by 90 ° with respect to the other (same polarized light).
- the up / down counter 99 counts +1 when the pulse signal of the one fringe signal is input with a 90 ° phase delay with respect to the pulse signal of the other fringe signal, and the pulse signal of the other fringe signal is output.
- the pulse signal by the one fringe signal is input with a phase delay of 90 °, -1 is counted.
- the optical path difference of one wavelength of the laser beam that is, the movement of the movable mirror 94 forward or backward by a distance of ⁇ wavelength is measured, and the position of the movable mirror 94 is measured. Is specified.
- the position of the movable mirror is specified in units of the length of a half wavelength of the laser beam. It cannot be specified.
- FTIR a method called step scan that repeats the operation of moving the moving mirror by a distance of 1/2 wavelength and then stopping and recording the interferogram is known. For this, it is necessary to specify the deviation from the target stop position with a position resolution sufficiently higher than 1/2 wavelength.
- the step resolution cannot be performed because the position resolution is a half wavelength.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an interferometer moving mirror position measuring device capable of determining the position with high resolution without depending on the position of the moving mirror of the interferometer, and an interferometer moving mirror position measuring device. To provide FTIR.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, a beam splitter, an interferometer moving mirror position measuring device for determining the position of the moving mirror of the interferometer having a fixed mirror and a moving mirror, a) a laser light source; b) a phase separation optical system that separates and detects the first light and the second light having different phases, which are generated by the light of the laser light source being reflected by the fixed mirror and the movable mirror.
- a signal conversion unit that detects the first light and the second light in synchronization with the position of the movable mirror to generate a first sine wave signal and a second sine wave signal
- a phase calculation unit to calculate, e) a moving mirror position determining unit that determines a position of the moving mirror at a specific time from a phase at a specific time based on a relationship between the position of the movable mirror and the phase.
- the phase at each time point of the first sine wave signal or the second sine wave signal calculated by the phase calculation unit has a predetermined relationship with the position of the moving mirror at each time point. Based on this relationship, the position of the moving mirror at that time can be determined from the phase at a particular time. Thereby, the position of the movable mirror can be specified with high resolution. Further, the position of the movable mirror can be determined not only at a specific position such as when the movable mirror has moved by 1/2 wavelength, but also at an arbitrary position.
- the phase separation optical system includes one in which the light reflected by the fixed mirror and the light reflected by the movable mirror have different polarizations so that both can be detected separately.
- a phase separation optical system includes, for example, a laser light source that emits a linearly polarized beam, which is used in the above-described quadrature control, and a 1/8 light source disposed between the beam splitter and the fixed mirror. It is possible to use a wave plate and a polarizing beam splitter disposed after the beam splitter. Alternatively, a 8 wavelength plate may be disposed between the beam splitter and the movable mirror, or a polarizer other than the 8 wavelength plate may be used.
- phase difference correction is to correct two sine wave signals such that the phase difference between the first sine wave signal and the second sine wave signal becomes a predetermined value (typically 90 °). That means.
- the phase calculator normalizes the fringe signal using the average value and the amplitude of the first sine wave signal and the second sine wave signal as parameters, and calculates the first sine wave signal and the second sine wave signal.
- the phase difference is corrected using the phase difference of the signal as a parameter. For these parameters, it is necessary to obtain calibration values before calculating the phases of the first sine wave signal and the second sine wave signal.
- the interferometer moving mirror position measuring device further comprises: Acquiring a plurality of intensity values of the first sine wave signal and the second sine wave signal at predetermined phase intervals; For each of the first sine wave signal and the second sine wave signal, an average value of the obtained plurality of intensity values is obtained, and the amplitude and the amplitude are obtained by performing a discrete Fourier transform process on the obtained plurality of intensity values. It is desirable to have a parameter calibrating unit that repeatedly performs a process of obtaining a phase difference between the first sine wave signal and the second sine wave signal.
- Normalization is performed using the average value and the amplitude obtained based on the intensity values of the first sine wave signal and the second sine wave signal acquired at a predetermined phase interval in this manner, and the first sine wave after the normalization is obtained.
- the position of the movable mirror can be specified with higher accuracy.
- FTIR FTIR according to the present invention
- An infrared light source a beam splitter, a fixed mirror, and an infrared light interference optical system having a movable mirror
- An infrared light detector that detects interference light generated by the infrared light interference optical system
- the interferometer moving mirror position measuring device FTIR
- the FTIR according to the present invention further controls the moving mirror by using a position signal from the moving mirror position determining unit to stop the moving mirror at different positions at a fixed interval, and the infrared light detector at each of the positions.
- a step scan control unit for controlling the movable mirror so as to repeatedly perform an operation of acquiring the detection signal from the camera a plurality of times. Thereby, the step scan can be performed with high accuracy.
- the position can be determined with high resolution without depending on the position of the moving mirror of the interferometer.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of an interferometer moving mirror position measuring apparatus according to the present invention
- FIG. 2B is a block diagram showing functions of a phase calculator and a moving mirror position determiner in the interferometer moving mirror position measuring apparatus.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing functions of a parameter calculation unit used in the interferometer moving mirror position measuring device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a timing at which data is acquired in a parameter calculation unit.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an FTIR having an interferometer moving mirror position measuring device according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a conventional laser interferometer.
- a fringe signal In a conventional laser interferometer, a fringe signal, a pulse signal in which the fringe signal is shaped, and an up signal when (a) the moving mirror moves away from the beam splitter and (b) when the moving mirror approaches the beam splitter.
- 4 is a graph showing a time change of an output signal of a down counter.
- the interferometer moving mirror position measuring device 10 of the present embodiment is a device incorporated in an FTIR 20 described later, and as shown in FIG. 1A, a laser light source 11, a 8 wavelength plate 15, a polarized beam It has a splitter 16, a first photodetector 17A and a second photodetector 17B, a phase calculator 18, and a movable mirror position determiner 19.
- FIG. 1A also shows a beam splitter 22, a fixed mirror 23, and a movable mirror 24 of the FTIR 20.
- the laser light source 11 emits a linearly polarized laser beam.
- the 8 wavelength plate 15 is disposed between the beam splitter 22 of the FTIR 20 and the fixed mirror 23.
- the polarization beam splitter 16 is disposed on the emission side of the beam splitter 22 of the FTIR 20.
- the first photodetector 17A is disposed on the output side of the polarization beam splitter 16 for p-polarized light
- the second photodetector 17B is disposed on the output side of the polarization beam splitter 16 for s-polarized light.
- the first photodetector 17A and the second photodetector 17B correspond to the aforementioned signal converter.
- the phase calculation unit 18 includes a normalization processing unit 181, a phase difference correction unit 182, and an arc tangent processing unit 183. Further, the moving mirror position determining unit 19 includes a phase connecting unit 191 and a position converting unit 192. These units are embodied by computer hardware such as a logic circuit that performs digital signal processing, a CPU, and a memory, and software. The functions of these units will be described later.
- the laser light source 11 emits a linearly polarized beam.
- This beam is split by the beam splitter 22 of the FTIR 20 into two beams.
- One of the split beams is reflected by the fixed mirror 23 of the FTIR 20, and the other is reflected by the moving mirror 24 of the FTIR 20.
- the beam reflected by the fixed mirror 23 passes through the 8 wavelength plate 15 twice before and after the reflection, and becomes circularly polarized light or elliptically polarized light.
- the polarization beam splitter 16 separates the superposed beam into p-polarized light and s-polarized light.
- the p-polarized light enters the first photodetector 17A
- the s-polarized light enters the second photodetector 17B.
- the first photodetector 17A converts the incident p-polarized light into an electric signal
- the second photodetector 17B converts the incident s-polarized light into an electric signal.
- the two electric signals generated by the first photodetector 17A and the second photodetector 17B thus change in intensity by one cycle every time the movable mirror 24 moves by one wavelength of the laser beam in the optical path difference length.
- the electric signal generated by the first photodetector 17A is referred to as a first sinusoidal signal I A
- the electrical signal generated by the second photodetector 17B is referred to as a second sinusoidal signal I B.
- the phase calculating section 18, the first sinusoidal signal I A and the second sine-wave signal I B, do the following.
- the first sine-wave signal I A and the second sine-wave signal I respectively a A and a B the amplitude of B, the average value and b A and b B, respectively, the phase difference of the two sinusoidal signals to the [Delta] [phi
- the phases of these two sinusoidal signals can be represented, for example, as ( ⁇ + ( ⁇ / 2)) and ( ⁇ ( ⁇ / 2)), respectively.
- the phase difference correction unit 182 corrects the two normalized sine wave signals J A and J B so that the phase difference between the two normalized sine wave signals J A and J B becomes 90 °.
- s is generated.
- the moving mirror position determining unit 19 converts the phase ⁇ obtained by the phase calculating unit 18 into the position x of the moving mirror.
- the phase connection unit 191 performs a phase connection process on ⁇ shown in Expression (5).
- the phase connection process refers to a process of connecting discontinuities (sudden changes in data) that occur when the phase is - ⁇ and + ⁇ so that ⁇ is an arctangent function so that the data becomes continuous data.
- the phase connection processing is displayed as a function with “Unwrap ( ⁇ )”.
- the position x of the movable mirror can be obtained at an arbitrary timing, not only at a specific timing such as when the movable mirror moves by one wavelength.
- the position of the moving mirror can be specified with high resolution.
- the parameter calibration unit 185 includes a data sampling unit 1851, a sampling data recording unit 1852, a parameter calculation unit 1853, and a calculation parameter output unit 1854.
- Data sampling unit 1851 for each predetermined timing, the first sine-wave signal I A and the second sine-wave signal I B generated by the first photodetector 17A and a second photodetector 17B, and the inverse tangent processor This is to acquire the data of the phase ⁇ before the phase connection, output from the 183.
- the timing of acquiring the values for example, as shown by a circle in FIG. 3 (a), one period of the first sine-wave signal I A and the second sine-wave signal I B N equal parts (N Are integers equal to or greater than 2), that is, when the phase ⁇ is (2 ⁇ n / N) (n is an integer between 0 and (N ⁇ 1)), and there can be N timings.
- N are integers equal to or greater than 2
- Timing of acquiring the data of I A and I B and ⁇ is not limited to the case of FIG. 3 (a), may also be a timing shown in FIG. 3 (b) and (c).
- FIG. 3B while repeatedly acquiring data at a sampling rate sufficiently shorter than the timing when the phase ⁇ is (2 ⁇ n / N), the data is obtained immediately before and immediately after the phase ⁇ becomes (2 ⁇ n / N).
- Data at (2 ⁇ n / N) is obtained by extracting data and interpolating both data. Instead of interpolating both data, an average value of both data may be taken, or only data immediately before or immediately after the phase ⁇ becomes (2 ⁇ n / N) may be used.
- the phase Data is extracted only when ⁇ falls within the range of (2 ⁇ n / N ⁇ ⁇ ) ( ⁇ is a value sufficiently smaller than 2 ⁇ / N). If the period is so short that the phase ⁇ changes more than 2 ⁇ / N during one sampling, the number of data that can be acquired in each phase of (2 ⁇ n / N) during one period is 0. Only one or at most one. However, by acquiring data over a plurality of cycles, it is possible to acquire two or more data at each phase of (2 ⁇ n / N). As described above, in each phase of (2 ⁇ n / N), by interpolating the obtained two data, data in each phase of (2 ⁇ n / N) can be obtained. Alternatively, an average value of two acquired data may be taken, or only one acquired data may be used.
- Sampling data recording unit 1852 records the data of I A and I B and ⁇ obtained at each phase in the data sampling unit 1851.
- Parameter calculation unit 1853 recorded on the sampling data recording unit 1852, n acquires data of I A (n) and I B (n) and phi (n) in the phase within a predetermined range, their based on the data, the amplitude a a and a of I a and I B B, the average value b a and b B of I a and I B, and obtains the calibration value of the phase difference ⁇ of I a and I B.
- N data for one cycle is used will be described as an example, but the number of data to be used is not limited to N.
- the calculation parameter output unit 1854 outputs the amplitudes a A and a B obtained by the parameter calculation unit 1853 and the calibration values of the average values b A and b B to the normalization processing unit 181 and calculates the values by the parameter calculation unit 1853.
- the calibration value of the obtained phase difference ⁇ is output to the phase difference correction unit 182.
- Normalization processing unit 181 performs these amplitudes a A and a B, and the average value b A and b normalization of the first sine-wave signal I A and the second sine-wave signal I B using the calibration value for B
- the phase difference correction unit 182 corrects the phase using the calibration value of the phase difference ⁇ .
- the accuracy of the calculation of the phase ⁇ can be made higher than the case where the amplitudes a A and a B before calibration, the average values b A and b B , and the phase difference ⁇ are used, and the position of the obtained movable mirror can be obtained.
- the specific accuracy of x can be increased.
- a series of operations of calibrating the parameter by the parameter calibrating unit 185 using the thus obtained value of the phase ⁇ with high accuracy can be repeatedly performed. This makes it possible to further increase the accuracy of specifying the obtained position x of the moving mirror. Therefore, even if the parameter used at the beginning is a value with low accuracy, a desired accuracy can be obtained by repeatedly performing the process by the parameter calibration unit 185 a plurality of times.
- the FTIR 20 includes an infrared light source 21, the above-described beam splitter 22, a fixed mirror 23 and a movable mirror 24, a sample chamber 25, and an infrared light detector 26.
- a first focusing mirror 251 for focusing infrared light on the sample in the sample chamber 25 is provided in front of the sample chamber 25, and infrared light is transferred between the sample chamber 25 and the infrared light detector 26.
- Second focusing mirrors 252 for focusing light on the photodetectors 26 are provided.
- the infrared light emitted from the infrared light source 21 is applied to a beam splitter 22 and split by the beam splitter 22 into two directions toward a fixed mirror 23 and a movable mirror 24.
- the infrared lights reflected by the fixed mirror 23 and the movable mirror 24 respectively return to the beam splitter 22 and join.
- the movable mirror 24 is moved, a difference occurs between the optical path of the infrared light reflected by the fixed mirror 23 and the optical path length of the infrared light reflected by the movable mirror 24, and the phase differs according to the difference in the optical path length.
- the infrared interference light generated by the interference is generated.
- the infrared interference light is condensed by the first condenser mirror 251 and irradiates the sample in the sample chamber 25.
- the infrared interference light that has passed through the sample is detected by the infrared light detector 26.
- the interferometer moving mirror position measuring device 10 incorporated in the FTIR 20 includes the laser light source 11, the 8 wavelength plate 15, the polarization beam splitter 16, the first photodetector 17A, the second photodetector 17B, and the phase calculator. 18 and a movable mirror position determining unit 19, a first micro-reflecting mirror 111 provided between the infrared light source 21 and the beam splitter 22, and a first micro-reflecting mirror 111 provided between the beam splitter 22 and the first condenser mirror 251. And a second minute reflecting mirror 112.
- the laser beam emitted from the laser light source 11 is located at a position away from the optical path of infrared light between the infrared light source 21 and the beam splitter 22 (between two parallel two-dot chain lines in FIG. 4). It is arranged so that it is reflected by one minute reflecting mirror 111 and enters the beam splitter 22.
- the polarization beam splitter 16 is located at a position away from the optical path of the infrared light of the beam splitter 22 and the first condenser mirror 251, and the beam passing through the beam splitter 22 is reflected by the second micro-reflecting mirror 112 and 16 are arranged. Since both the first micro-reflecting mirror 111 and the second micro-reflecting mirror 112 are minute, they allow infrared light to pass therethrough with little obstruction.
- the interferogram can be acquired by the same method as the conventional FTIR while obtaining the position of the moving mirror 24 by the interferometer moving mirror position measuring device 10.
- the FTIR 20 further includes a step scan control unit 27 that repeatedly performs an operation of acquiring a detection signal from the infrared light detector 26 at different positions at fixed intervals while performing feedback control for stopping the movable mirror 24 at a predetermined position. be able to. Thereby, the step scan can be performed with high accuracy.
- the embodiments of the interferometer moving mirror position measuring device and the FTIR according to the present invention have been described.
- the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various modifications are possible along the gist of the present invention. .
- Reference Signs List 10 interferometer moving mirror position measuring device 11, 91: laser light source 111: first micro-reflecting mirror 112: second micro-reflecting mirror 15, 95: 1/8 wavelength plate 16, 96: polarizing beam splitter 17A, 97A: 1 photodetector 17B, 97B 2nd photodetector 18 phase calculating section 181 normalization processing section 182 phase difference correction section 183 arctangent processing section 185 parameter calibration section 1851 data sampling section 1852 sampling data Recording unit 1853 Parameter calculation unit 1854 Calculation parameter output unit 19 Moving mirror position determination unit 191 Phase connection unit 192 Position conversion unit 20 FTIR 21 Infrared light sources 22, 92 Beam splitters 23, 93 Fixed mirrors 24, 94 Moving mirror 25 Sample chamber 251 First condenser mirror 252 Second condenser mirror 26 Infrared light detector 27 Step scan control unit 90 Laser interferometer 98A First waveform shaper 98B Second waveform shaper 99 Up / down counter
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Abstract
Description
a) レーザ光源と、
b) 前記レーザ光源の光が前記固定鏡及び前記移動鏡により反射されて生成される互いに位相が異なる第1光及び第2光を分離して検出することができるようにする位相分離光学系と、
c) 前記移動鏡の位置と同期して前記第1光及び前記第2光をそれぞれ検出して第1正弦波信号及び第2正弦波信号を生成する信号変換部と、
d) 前記第1正弦波信号及び前記第2正弦波信号に対してそれぞれ正規化及び位相差補正を行った後、各時点での前記第1正弦波信号又は前記第2正弦波信号の位相を算出する位相算出部と、
e) 前記移動鏡の位置と前記位相との関係に基き、特定の時点での位相から該時点での該移動鏡の位置を決定する移動鏡位置決定部と
を備えることを特徴とする。
前記第1正弦波信号及び前記第2正弦波信号の強度値を所定の位相間隔で複数取得し、
前記第1正弦波信号及び前記第2正弦波信号のそれぞれにつき、取得した複数の強度値の平均値を求めると共に、取得した複数の強度値に対して離散フーリエ変換処理を行うことによって振幅及び前記第1正弦波信号と前記第2正弦波信号の位相差を求める処理を繰り返し行うパラメータ較正部を備えることが望ましい。
赤外光源と、ビームスプリッタと、固定鏡と、移動鏡とを有する赤外光干渉光学系と、
前記赤外光干渉光学系で生成された干渉光を検出する赤外光検出器と、
前記干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置と
を備えることを特徴とする。
(1-1) 本実施形態の干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置の構成
図1を用いて、本発明に係る干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置の一実施形態を説明する。本実施形態の干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置10は、後述のFTIR20に組み込まれる装置であって、図1(a)に示すように、レーザ光源11と、1/8波長板15と、偏光ビームスプリッタ16と、第1光検出器17A及び第2光検出器17Bと、位相算出部18と、移動鏡位置決定部19を有する。1/8波長板15及び偏光ビームスプリッタ16は前述の位相分離光学系に該当し、第1光検出器17A及び第2光検出器17Bは前述の信号変換部に該当する。図1(a)には、FTIR20のビームスプリッタ22、固定鏡23及び移動鏡24を併せて示している。
本実施形態の干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置10の動作を説明する。レーザ光源11は直線偏光のビームを出射する。このビームは、FTIR20のビームスプリッタ22で2つのビームに分割される。分割されたビームの一方はFTIR20の固定鏡23で反射され、他方はFTIR20の移動鏡24で反射される。固定鏡23で反射されたビームは1/8波長板15を、該反射前と該反射後の合わせて2回通過することにより、円偏光又は楕円偏光となる。これら2つのビームはFTIR20のビームスプリッタ22で重ね合わされ、干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置10の偏光ビームスプリッタ16に入射する。偏光ビームスプリッタ16は、重ね合わされたビームをp偏光とs偏光に分離する。p偏光は第1光検出器17Aに入射し、s偏光は第2光検出器17Bに入射する。第1光検出器17Aは入射したp偏光を電気信号に変換し、第2光検出器17Bは入射したs偏光を電気信号に変換する。
IA=aAcos(φ+(Δφ/2))+bA …(1a)
IB=aBcos(φ-(Δφ/2))+bB …(1b)
となる。ここで挙げた振幅aA及びaB、平均値bA及びbB、並びに位相差Δφの5つのパラメータを事前に求めておけば、以下に述べる方法により、移動鏡の位置を算出することができる。なお、これら5つのパラメータの算出精度は最終的な移動鏡位置の算出精度に大きく影響を及ぼす。加えて、これら5つのパラメータは、光学系のセットアップにより決定され、理想的な光学系では常に一定の値であるが、実際の装置では、移動鏡が動くことによる光量の変化や、レーザの干渉性のわずかな変化により逐次変化する。したがって、これら5つのパラメータを高精度かつリアルタイムに求める較正(キャリブレーション)を行うことにより、最終的に得られる移動鏡の位置の精度をより高くすることができる。較正の方法の一例は後述する。
JA=(IA-bA)/aA …(2a)
JB=(IB-bB)/aB …(2a)
を生成する。このように正規化処理を行うことにより、偏光ビームスプリッタ16において一方の偏光の透過率と他方の偏光の反射率の相違や、第1光検出器17Aと第2光検出器17Bの検出感度の相違によって生じる、2つの偏光の振幅及び平均値の相違の影響が排除される。
による処理を行うことにより、位相差補正後正規化正弦波信号c, sは
c=sin(Δφ)・cosφ=sin(Δφ)・sin(φ+π/2) …(4a)
s=sin(Δφ)・sinφ …(4b)
となり、両者の位相差が90°となる。
φ=arctan(s/c) …(5)
となり、位相φが算出される。
x=(λ/4π)Unwrap(φ) …(6)
により、移動鏡の位置xを特定する。
次に、図2を用いて、位相算出部18で用いるパラメータである振幅aA及びaB、平均値bA及びbB、並びに位相差Δφを較正するためのパラメータ較正部185の構成及びその動作を説明する。パラメータ較正部185は、データサンプリング部1851、サンプリングデータ記録部1852、パラメータ算出部1853、及び算出パラメータ出力部1854を有する。
Δφ=∠XA-∠XB …(10)
次に、図4を用いて、干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置10が組み込まれたFTIR20について説明する。FTIR20は、赤外光源21と、前述のビームスプリッタ22、固定鏡23及び移動鏡24と、試料室25と、赤外光検出器26を有する。試料室25の手前には赤外光を該試料室25内の試料に集光する第1集光鏡251が、試料室25と赤外光検出器26の間には赤外光を赤外光検出器26に集光する第2集光鏡252が、それぞれ設けられている。赤外光源21から出射される赤外光は、ビームスプリッタ22に照射され、ビームスプリッタ22により固定鏡23及び移動鏡24に向かう2方向に分割される。固定鏡23及び移動鏡24でそれぞれ反射した赤外光はビームスプリッタ22に戻って合流する。ここで移動鏡24を移動させると、固定鏡23で反射される赤外光の光路と移動鏡24で反射される赤外光の光路長に差が生じ、該光路長差に応じて異なる位相で干渉した赤外干渉光が生成される。赤外干渉光は第1集光鏡251で集光されて試料室25内の試料に照射される。試料を通過した赤外干渉光は、赤外光検出器26で検出される。
11、91…レーザ光源
111…第1微小反射鏡
112…第2微小反射鏡
15、95…1/8波長板
16、96…偏光ビームスプリッタ
17A、97A…第1光検出器
17B、97B…第2光検出器
18…位相算出部
181…正規化処理部
182…位相差補正部
183…逆正接処理部
185…パラメータ較正部
1851…データサンプリング部
1852…サンプリングデータ記録部
1853…パラメータ算出部
1854…算出パラメータ出力部
19…移動鏡位置決定部
191…位相接続部
192…位置変換部
20…FTIR
21…赤外光源
22、92…ビームスプリッタ
23、93…固定鏡
24、94…移動鏡
25…試料室
251…第1集光鏡
252…第2集光鏡
26…赤外光検出器
27…ステップスキャン制御部
90…レーザ干渉計
98A…第1波形成形器
98B…第2波形成形器
99…アップダウンカウンタ
Claims (6)
- ビームスプリッタ、固定鏡及び移動鏡を有する干渉計の該移動鏡の位置を決定するための装置であって、
a) レーザ光源と、
b) 前記レーザ光源の光が前記固定鏡及び前記移動鏡により反射されて生成される互いに位相が異なる第1光及び第2光を分離して検出することができるようにする位相分離光学系と、
c) 前記移動鏡の位置と同期して前記第1光及び前記第2光をそれぞれ検出して第1正弦波信号及び第2正弦波信号を生成する信号変換部と、
d) 前記第1正弦波信号及び前記第2正弦波信号に対してそれぞれ正規化及び位相差補正を行った後、各時点での前記第1正弦波信号又は前記第2正弦波信号の位相を算出する位相算出部と、
e) 前記移動鏡の位置と前記位相との関係に基き、特定の時点での位相から該時点での該移動鏡の位置を決定する移動鏡位置決定部と
を備えることを特徴とする干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置。 - さらに、
前記第1正弦波信号及び前記第2正弦波信号の強度値を所定の位相間隔で複数取得し、
前記第1正弦波信号及び前記第2正弦波信号のそれぞれにつき、取得した複数の強度値の平均値を求めると共に、取得した複数の強度値に対して離散フーリエ変換処理を行うことによって振幅及び前記第1正弦波信号と前記第2正弦波信号の位相差を求める
処理を繰り返し行うパラメータ較正部を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置。 - 赤外光源と、ビームスプリッタと、固定鏡と、移動鏡とを有する赤外光干渉光学系と、
前記赤外光干渉光学系で生成された干渉光を検出する赤外光検出器と、
請求項1に記載の干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置と
を備えることを特徴とするフーリエ変換赤外分光光度計。 - 前記移動鏡位置決定部からの位置信号を用いて制御を行うことで前記移動鏡を一定間隔の異なる位置に停止させ、前記位置の各々で前記赤外光検出器からの検出信号を複数回取得する操作を繰り返し行うよう該移動鏡を制御するステップスキャン制御部を備えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のフーリエ変換赤外分光光度計。
- 赤外光源と、ビームスプリッタと、固定鏡と、移動鏡とを有する赤外光干渉光学系と、
前記赤外光干渉光学系で生成された干渉光を検出する赤外光検出器と、
請求項2に記載の干渉計移動鏡位置測定装置と
を備えることを特徴とするフーリエ変換赤外分光光度計。 - 前記移動鏡位置決定部からの位置信号を用いて制御を行うことで前記移動鏡を一定間隔の異なる位置に停止させ、前記位置の各々で前記赤外光検出器からの検出信号を複数回取得する操作を繰り返し行うよう該移動鏡を制御するステップスキャン制御部を備えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のフーリエ変換赤外分光光度計。
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