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WO2019237281A1 - 一种ppg传感器、智能手表或手环 - Google Patents

一种ppg传感器、智能手表或手环 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019237281A1
WO2019237281A1 PCT/CN2018/091071 CN2018091071W WO2019237281A1 WO 2019237281 A1 WO2019237281 A1 WO 2019237281A1 CN 2018091071 W CN2018091071 W CN 2018091071W WO 2019237281 A1 WO2019237281 A1 WO 2019237281A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
led
distance
ppg sensor
heart rate
ppg
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2018/091071
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
席毅
孙士友
贺彦国
杨荣广
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201880047076.6A priority Critical patent/CN110913757B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2018/091071 priority patent/WO2019237281A1/zh
Publication of WO2019237281A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019237281A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/024—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/0245—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate by using sensing means generating electric signals, i.e. ECG signals

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wearable devices, and in particular, to a PPG (Photoplethysmograph) sensor and a smart watch or bracelet including the PPG sensor.
  • PPG Photoplethysmograph
  • PPG uses photoelectric plethysmography to detect human physiological parameters and is used in biomedicine.
  • PPG sensors include PD (photodiode, photodiode) and LED (Light Emitting Diode, light emitting diode), which include two types of transmission and reflection.
  • PPG sensors applied to wearable devices are usually reflective.
  • the working principle of the reflective PPG sensor is as follows: After the light emitted by the LED is reflected by the human blood and tissue, the PD receives the light reflected from the human blood and tissue, and detects the difference in the intensity of the reflected light absorbed by the human blood and tissue. To trace human physiological parameters.
  • PPG PPG technology has become a standard feature of smart watches or bracelets.
  • PPG has the following applications on smart watches or bracelets: static heart rate measurement, dynamic heart rate measurement, wearing tightness detection, and blood oxygen measurement.
  • the above four different applications have different requirements for the layout of PD and LED.
  • the static heart rate measurement requires a small distance between PD and LED
  • the tightness detection and blood oxygen measurement require a large distance between PD and LED
  • the dynamic heart rate measurement requires that the distance between the PD and the LED be both large and small.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a PPG sensor, so that the layout of the PD and LED can take into account the multiple application requirements of PPG on a smart watch or bracelet.
  • the second aspect of the present application provides a smart watch or bracelet including the PPG sensor.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides a PPG sensor, including: a first PD, a first LED, and a second LED, wherein a distance between the first PD and the first LED and the first PD The distance from the second LED is not equal.
  • a distance between two PDs and LEDs of different sizes can be formed.
  • the distance between the two different PDs and LEDs can meet the requirements for the distance between PDs and LEDs in different application scenarios. For example, you can measure the static heart rate by measuring the reflected light intensity between a PD and an LED with a small distance, and you can wear a smart watch or bracelet by measuring the reflected light intensity between a PD and an LED with a large distance. Tightness detection and blood oxygen measurement can be used to measure the dynamic heart rate by measuring the reflected light intensity between the two different sizes of PD and LED. Therefore, the layout of the PD and the LED in the PPG sensor provided in the embodiment of the present application can meet the four application requirements of static heart rate measurement, dynamic heart rate measurement, wearing tightness detection, and blood oxygen measurement.
  • the first PD, the first LED, and the second LED are located on a straight line.
  • the first PD, the first LED, and the second LED are not on a straight line.
  • the PPG sensor further includes a second PD, and the second PD and the first PD are distributed between The first PD, the second PD, and the first LED have the same distance on both sides of the straight line where the first LED and the second LED are located, and the first PD and the second PD The distance to the second LED is equal.
  • a third possible implementation manner can improve the accuracy of PPG in measuring human physiological parameters and the tightness of the device.
  • the layouts of the first PD, the first LED, the second LED, and the second PD are rectangular And the first PD, the first LED, the second LED, and the second PD are distributed on vertices of a rectangle.
  • the PPG sensor further includes a third LED and a second PD,
  • the third LED is located on an extension line connecting the second LED and the first LED, and a distance between the first PD and the second LED is equal to the first PD and the third LED the distance between;
  • the second PD is located at a position where the first PD is symmetrical with respect to a connection line between the first LED and the second LED.
  • the fifth possible implementation manner can further improve the accuracy of the PPG in measuring the physiological parameters of the human body and the tightness of the device.
  • the layouts of the first PD, the second LED, the third LED, and the second PD are parallel A quadrangle, and the first PD, the second LED, the first LED, and the second PD are distributed on vertices of a parallelogram.
  • the parallelogram is a square or a rhombus.
  • the first LED and the second LED can emit green light, red light, and infrared light At least one kind of light.
  • the third LED can emit at least one of green light, red light, and infrared light Kind of light.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a smart watch or bracelet, which includes a body and a wearing belt, wherein a PPG sensor is provided in the body, and the PPG sensor is the PPG sensor according to any one of claims 1-10. .
  • the effect of the smart watch or bracelet provided in the second aspect of the application corresponds to the PPG sensor provided in the first aspect described above.
  • the PPG sensor provided in this application includes a first PD, a first LED, and a second LED, wherein a distance between the first PD and the first LED and a distance between the first PD and the second LED The distance varies.
  • the distance between two PDs and LEDs of different sizes can be formed.
  • the distance between the two different PDs and LEDs can meet the requirements for the distance between PDs and LEDs in different application scenarios. For example, you can measure the static heart rate by measuring the reflected light intensity between a PD and an LED with a small distance, and you can wear a smart watch or bracelet by measuring the reflected light intensity between a PD and an LED with a large distance.
  • Tightness detection and blood oxygen measurement can be used to measure the dynamic heart rate by measuring the reflected light intensity between the two different sizes of PD and LED. Therefore, the layout of the PD and the LED in the PPG sensor provided in the embodiment of the present application can meet the four application requirements of static heart rate measurement, dynamic heart rate measurement, wearing tightness detection, and blood oxygen measurement.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a PD and LED layout structure in a PPG sensor in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a PD and LED layout structure in another PPG sensor in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tightness detection principle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 are schematic diagrams of a PD and LED layout structure in a PPG sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a layout structure of PDs and LEDs in another PPG sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a layout structure of PDs and LEDs in another PPG sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the PPG sensor includes one PD 11 and three LEDs 12-14. Among them, PD 11 is located in the middle, and LEDs 12-14 are placed on three sides of the PD. The distance between the three LEDs 12-14 and PD 11 is equal.
  • the PPG sensor can only measure static heart rate and dynamic heart rate when tightly worn. If you measure the dynamic heart rate when wearing loose, the accuracy of the dynamic heart rate will be seriously reduced.
  • the PPG sensor includes a three-in-one LED 21 in the middle and three PDs 22-24 on the three sides of the LED 21.
  • the distances between the three PDs 22-24 and the LED 21 are equal.
  • the cost of PD is usually more than twice the cost of LEDs. Therefore, the use of 3 PDs in this PPG sensor will lead to a higher cost of the whole machine, and the PPG sensor is used for blood oxygen measurement and dynamic heart rate measurement when loosely worn. Are less accurate.
  • the three-in-one LED 21 is an LED device capable of emitting green, red, and infrared light.
  • a PPG sensor In order to make the PPG sensor compatible with the four application requirements of static heart rate, dynamic heart rate (tight fit, loose fit), tight fit detection, and blood oxygen detection, a PPG sensor is provided in this application.
  • the PPG sensor can be compatible with four application requirements: static heart rate, dynamic heart rate (in the tightly worn state and in the loosely worn state), wearing tightness detection, and blood oxygen detection.
  • the PPG system uses the light reflected from human tissue received by the PD to detect functions such as blood oxygen or heart rate. Most of the reflected light is direct current (DC), and a small part is an alternating current (AC) signal due to pulse pulses.
  • DC direct current
  • AC alternating current
  • the composition of the DC signal is complex, with both external ambient light and reflected light from the skin and tissues.
  • AC signals are the key signals used to detect blood oxygen or heart rate. Therefore, how to obtain a larger AC signal and increase the ratio of the AC signal to the DC signal is an important factor in system design.
  • Motion noise in dynamic heart rate is very high. Using a single optical path, it is difficult to eliminate motion noise. Multiple signals are needed for blind source analysis. Therefore, in order to achieve dynamic heart rate measurement, the distance between PD and LED is required to be close.
  • the PPG sensor includes a first PD, a first LED, and a second LED.
  • the distance between the first PD and the first LED and the first PD and the second LED The distance varies.
  • the distance between two PDs and LEDs of different sizes can be formed.
  • the distance between the two different PDs and LEDs can meet the requirements for the distance between PDs and LEDs in different application scenarios.
  • the layout of the PD and the LED in the PPG sensor provided in the embodiment of the present application can meet the four application requirements of static heart rate measurement, dynamic heart rate measurement, wearing tightness detection, and blood oxygen measurement.
  • the outline of the PPG sensor is described using a circle as an example.
  • the outline of the PPG sensor can also be other shapes such as ellipse, strip, and the like.
  • a PPG sensor provided by an embodiment of the present application includes a first PD 41, a first LED 42 and a second LED 43.
  • the distance d1 between the first PD 41 and the first LED 42 and the first LED 42 The distance d2 between one PD 41 and the second LED 43 is not equal. As an example, d1 ⁇ d2.
  • the first PD 41, the first LED 42 and the second LED 43 are arranged laterally and are located on a straight line.
  • the first PD 41, the first LED 42 and the second LED 43 may also be arranged vertically and located on a straight line.
  • the first PD 41, the first LED 42 and the second LED 43 may not be located on the same straight line.
  • the layout of the first PD 41, the first LED 42 and the second LED 43 has a triangular distribution.
  • the layout of the three may be a right-angled triangle, where The first PD 41 is located on the right-angle vertex, and the lengths of the two right-angle sides are not equal.
  • the first LED 42 and the second LED 43 may be LED devices capable of emitting at least one of green light (G), red light (R), and infrared light (IR).
  • the first LED 42 and the second LED 43 may be a green light (G) LED device, a green light and infrared light two-in-one LED device, and red light. Any one of a two-in-one LED device, green light, and red light (a three-in-one LED device that is infrared light).
  • a path between the first PD 41 and the first LED 42 with a short distance can be used to measure the static heart rate.
  • the first PD 41, the second LED 42 and the second LED 43 are used for dynamic heart rate measurement.
  • the first LED 42 and the second LED 43 are three-in-one (G, R, and IR) LED devices, three short-distance light paths can be formed between the first PD 41 and the first LED 42.
  • the first PD Three long-distance light paths can be formed between 41 and the second LED 43. Using these 6 light paths can effectively remove motion noise and achieve accurate measurement of dynamic heart rate.
  • the first PD 41 and the second LED 43 with a long distance are used to achieve tightness detection and blood oxygen detection.
  • the distance between two PDs and LEDs of different sizes can be formed.
  • the distance between the two different PDs and LEDs can meet the requirements for the distance between PDs and LEDs in different application scenarios.
  • the static heart rate can be detected by measuring the reflected light intensity between the first PD 41 and the first LED 42 with a small distance, and the distance between the first PD 41 and the second LED 42 with a large distance can be measured.
  • the reflected light intensity realizes the tightness detection and blood oxygen measurement of the smart watch or bracelet.
  • the layout of the PD and the LED in the PPG sensor provided in the embodiment of the present application can meet the four application requirements of static heart rate measurement, dynamic heart rate measurement, wearing tightness detection, and blood oxygen measurement.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides another implementation manner of the PPG sensor. It should be noted that another implementation manner of the PPG sensor is improved based on the PPG sensor shown in FIG. 7.
  • another implementation manner of the PPG sensor provided in the embodiment of the present application may include a first PD 41, a first LED 42 and a second LED 43, and may further include a second PD 81,
  • the second PD 81 and the first PD 41 are distributed on both sides of the straight line where the first LED 42 and the second LED 43 are located, and the distances between the first PD 41, the second PD 81, and the first LED 42 are equal.
  • a distance d1 the distances between the first PD 41, the second PD 81, and the second LED 42 are equal, and is set to a second distance d2, where d1 ⁇ d2.
  • the layout of the PDs and LEDs in the PPG sensor can also be understood as: the distributions of the first PD 41, the first LED 42 and the second LED 43, and the second PD 81 in the PPG are parallelograms.
  • the first PD 41, the first LED 42 and the second LED 43 and the second PD 81 are distributed on the vertices of the parallelogram.
  • the layouts of the first PD 41, the first LED 42, the second LED 43 and the second PD 81 are rectangular, wherein the first PD 41, the first LED 42, the second LED 43 and the second PD PD 81 is located on the vertex of the rectangle, and the LED and PD are located on non-adjacent vertices.
  • two PDs are provided.
  • the LED is a three-in-one LED device
  • a short-distance path between the six PDs and the LEDs can be formed (ie, the first PD 41 and the first LED 42).
  • 3 paths between the second PD and 81 and the second LED 43) and 6 long-distance paths between the PD and the LED that is, between the first PD 41 and the second LED 43 3 paths, and 3 paths between the second PD 81 and the first LED 42).
  • the three paths between the first PD 41 and the first LED 42 and the three paths between the second PD 81 and the second LED 43 can be used to measure the static heart rate to achieve the effect of controlling power consumption.
  • the measurement of the physiological parameters of a person and the tightness of the wearing of the device by using multiple light intensities can reduce the error of the detection result and improve the accuracy of the detection result.
  • the above is another specific implementation manner of the PPG sensor provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the static heart rate, dynamic heart rate, tightness of equipment wearing, and blood oxygen can be detected more accurately.
  • the PPG sensor provided in the embodiment of the present application may further include a second PD 91 and a third LED 92.
  • the third LED 92 is located on an extension line connecting the second LED 43 and the first LED 42, and the distance between the first PD 41 and the second LED 43 is equal to the distance between the first PD 41 and the third LED 92
  • the second PD 91 is located at a position where the first PD 41 is symmetrical with respect to the connection between the first LED 42 and the second LED 43.
  • the distance between the second PD 91 and the first LED 42 is equal to the distance between the first PD 41 and the first LED 42
  • the distance between the second PD 91 and the second LED 43 is the same as the first PD 41 and the second
  • the distance between LED 43, the second PD 91 and the third LED 92 are equal to the first PD 41 and the third LED 92
  • the distance between the first PD 41 and the second LED 43 and the third LED 92 equal.
  • the layouts of the first PD 41, the second LED 43, the second PD 91, and the third LED 92 may be parallelograms with equal sides and sides, and the first LED 42 is located in the parallelogram. center.
  • the parallelogram may be a rhombus.
  • the parallelogram may be a square.
  • the third LED 92 can emit at least one of green light, red light, and infrared light.
  • the third LED 92 can be a three-in-one LED device, that is, an LED device capable of emitting green, red, and infrared light.
  • the third LED 92 may be an LED device that emits green light.
  • the first LED 42, the second LED 43, and the third LED 92 may be green and red.
  • the distance between the first PD 41 and the first LED 42 is equal to the distance between the second PD 91 and the first LED 42, and the distance is the first distance d1.
  • the distances between the first PD 41 and the second PD 91 are equal to the distance between the second LED 43 and the third LED 92, respectively.
  • the distance is set to the second distance d2.
  • the first distance d1 is smaller than the second distance. d2.
  • the first PD 41, the second PD 71, and the second LED 43 with the smallest distance between the PD and the LED can be used to measure the static heart rate.
  • the path between each LED and the PD can be fully used to measure the dynamic heart rate.
  • the first LED 42, the second LED 43, and the third LED 92 can all be three-in-one LED devices of green, red, and infrared light
  • 18 light paths can be formed in the PPG sensor, of which 12 There are 6 long-distance paths and 6 short-distance paths. Using these 18 light paths can effectively reduce motion noise and improve the accuracy of dynamic heart rate when loosely worn. It should be noted that in the method for specifically detecting the dynamic heart rate, the PPG will set different weights on the reflected light intensities on the 18 light paths, and then use the weighted average method to calculate the dynamic heart rate.
  • the 12 long-distance paths are as follows:
  • Second LED 43 (G / RED / IR) —Second PD 91, 3 long-distance paths;
  • the green, red, and infrared light paths of each LED are used.
  • the six short-distance paths are as follows:
  • First LED 42 (G / RED / IR) —First PD 41, 3 short-distance paths;
  • the green, red, and infrared light paths of each LED are utilized.
  • the signal difference between the above 12 long-distance paths can be used to detect the device wearing tightness detection.
  • the following eight long-distance pathways can be used for blood oxygen test.
  • Second LED 43 (RED / IR) —First PD 41, 2 long-distance paths;
  • Second LED 43 (RED / IR) —Second PD 91, 2 long-distance paths;
  • Third LED 92 (RED / IR) —the first PD 41, 2 long-distance paths;
  • the red and infrared light paths of each LED are used.
  • the above is another specific implementation manner of the PPG sensor provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the static heart rate, dynamic heart rate, tightness of equipment wearing, and blood oxygen can be detected more accurately.
  • this specific implementation can control PPG power consumption and support 24-hour continuous heart rate testing.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a smart bracelet or watch.
  • the smart bracelet or watch includes a body and a wearing belt, and a PPG sensor is arranged in the body.
  • the PPG sensor is the PPG sensor described in any one of the above specific implementation manners.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种PPG传感器，该PPG包括第一PD、第一LED和第二LED，其中，第一PD与第一LED之间的距离与第一PD与第二LED之间的距离不等。如此，在该PPG传感器中，可以形成两个大小不同的PD与LED之间的距离。该两个不同PD与LED之间距离可以满足不同应用场景下对PD与LED之间距离的要求，具体地，该PPG传感器能够兼顾静态心率测量、动态心率测量、佩戴松紧检测和血氧测量等四种应用需求。基于此，本申请实施例还提供了一种包括该PPG传感器的智能手表或手环。

Description

一种PPG传感器、智能手表或手环 技术领域
本申请涉及可穿戴式设备领域，尤其涉及一种PPG(Photo plethysmo graph，光体积描记器)传感器以及包含该PPG传感器的智能手表或手环。
背景技术
PPG是利用光电容积描记技术进行人体生理参数的检测，在生物医学中应用。
PPG传感器包括PD(photodiode，光敏二极管)和LED(Light Emitting Diode，发光二极管)，其包括透射式和反射式两种类型，应用于可穿戴式设备上的PPG传感器通常为反射式。该反射式PPG传感器的工作原理如下：LED发出的光经由人体血液和组织反射后，再由PD接收从人体血液和组织反射的光线，通过检测经过人体血液和组织吸收后的反射光强度的不同来描记人体生理参数。
随着智能手表或手环的发展，PPG技术已经成为智能手表或手环的标配功能。当前PPG在智能手表或手环上主要有以下应用：静态心率测量、动态心率测量、佩戴松紧检测和血氧测量。
然而，上述四种不同应用，对PD和LED的布局要求不同，例如，静态心率测量要求PD和LED的距离要小，而佩戴松紧检测和血氧测量则要求PD和LED的距离要大，而动态心率测量要求PD和LED的距离既要有大距离，由要有小距离。
现有的PPG传感器中，PD和LED的布局不能兼顾上述4种应用需求。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请的第一方面提供了一种PPG传感器，以使得PD和LED的布局能够兼顾PPG在智能手表或手环上的多种应用需求。
基于本申请的第一方面，本申请的第二方面提供了一种包含该PPG传感器的智能手表或手环。
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请采用了如下技术方案：
本申请的第一方面提供了一种PPG传感器，包括：第一PD、第一LED和第二LED，其中，所述第一PD与所述第一LED之间的距离与所述第一PD与所述第二LED之间的距离不相等。
本申请的第一方面提供的PPG传感器中，可以形成两个大小不同的PD与LED之间的距离。该两个不同PD与LED之间距离可以满足不同应用场景下对PD与LED之间距离的要求。例如，可以通过测量距离较小的PD与LED之间的反射光线强度实现对静态心率的检测，可以通过测量距离较大的PD与LED之间的反射光线强度实现对智能手表或手环的佩戴松紧检测和血氧测量，可以通过这测量这两种不同大小的PD与LED之间的反射光线强度实现对动态心率的检测。因此，本申请实施例提供的PPG传感器内的PD与LED的布局能够兼顾静态心率测量、动态心率测量、佩戴松紧检测和血氧测量等四种应用需求。
基于本申请的第一方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一PD、所述第一LED和所述第二LED位于一条直线上。
基于本申请的第一方面，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第一PD、所述第一LED和所述第二LED不在一条直线上。
基于本申请的第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述PPG传感器还包括第二PD，所述第二PD与所述第一PD分布在所述第一LED和所述第二LED所在直线的两侧，所述第一PD、所述第二PD与所述第一LED间的距离相等，所述第一PD、所述第二PD与所述第二LED间的距离相等。第三种可能实现方式能够提高PPG测量人体生理参数以及设备佩戴松紧程度的准确性。
基于本申请的第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述第一PD、第一LED、第二LED和所述第二PD的布局呈长方形，且所述第一PD、第一LED、第二LED和所述第二PD分布在长方形的顶点上。
基于本申请的第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，在第五种可能的实现方式中，所述PPG传感器还包括：第三LED和第二PD，
所述第三LED位于所述第二LED和所述第一LED连线的延长线上，且所述第一PD与第二LED之间的距离等于所述第一PD与所述第三LED之间的距离；
所述第二PD位于所述第一PD关于所述第一LED和所述第二LED连线对称的位置处。
第五种可能实现方式能够进一步提高PPG测量人体生理参数以及设备佩戴松紧程度的准确性。
基于本申请的第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，在第六种可能的实现方式中，所述第一PD、第二LED、第三LED和所述第二PD的布局呈平行四边形，且所述第一PD、第二LED、第一LED和所述第二PD分布在平行四边形的顶点上。
基于本申请的第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，在第七种可能的实现方式中，所述平行四边形为正方形或菱形。
基于本申请的第一方面及其上述任一种可能的实现方式中，在第八种可能的实现方式中，所述第一LED和所述第二LED能够发出绿光、红光和红外光中的至少一种光。
基于本申请的第一方面的第六种或第七种可能的实现方式中，在第九种可能的实现方式中，所述第三LED能够发出绿光、红光和红外光中的至少一种光。
本申请的第二方面提供了一种智能手表或手环，包括：机体和佩戴带，所述机体内设置有PPG传感器，所述PPG传感器为权利要求1-10任一项所述的PPG传感器。
本申请第二方面提供的智能手表或手环的效果与上述第一方面提供的PPG传感器相对应。
相较于现有技术，本申请具有以下有益效果：
基于以上技术方案可知，本申请提供的PPG传感器，包括第一PD、第一LED和第二LED，其中，第一PD与第一LED之间的距离与第一PD与第二LED之间的距离不等。如此，在该PPG传感器中，可以形成两个大小不同的PD与LED之间的距离。该两个不同PD与LED之间距离可以满足不同应用场景下对PD与LED之间距离的要求。例如，可以通过测量距离较小的PD与LED之间的反射光线强度实现对静态心率的检测，可以通过测量距离较大的PD与LED之间的反射光线强度实现对智能手表或手环的佩戴松紧检测和血氧测量，可以通过 这测量这两种不同大小的PD与LED之间的反射光线强度实现对动态心率的检测。因此，本申请实施例提供的PPG传感器内的PD与LED的布局能够兼顾静态心率测量、动态心率测量、佩戴松紧检测和血氧测量等四种应用需求。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中一种PPG传感器内的PD和LED布局结构示意图；
图2是现有技术中另一种PPG传感器内的PD和LED布局结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例提供的佩戴松紧检测原理示意图；
图4至图7是本申请实施例提供的一种PPG传感器内的PD和LED布局结构示意图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种PPG传感器内的PD和LED布局结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的又一种PPG传感器内的PD和LED布局结构示意图。
具体实施方式
现有的一种PPG传感器中，其内部的PD和LED的布局如图1所示。该PPG传感器包括1个PD 11和3个LED 12-14，其中，PD 11位于中间，在PD的三边上分别放置LED 12-14。3个LED 12-14到PD 11的距离均相等。该PPG传感器仅能实现静态心率测量和佩戴紧时的动态心率测量。而若在佩戴松时，测量动态心率，动态心率的准确性会严重下降。
现有的另一种PPG传感器中，其内部的PD与LED的布局如图2所示。在该PPG传感器中包括位于中间的1个三合一的LED 21和位于LED 21三边的三个PD 22-24。3个PD 22-24到LED 21的距离均相等。而PD的成本通常是LED成本的2倍以上，因此，在该PPG传感器中，3个PD的使用将导致整机成本较高，而且该PPG传感器对于血氧测量以及松佩戴时的动态心率测量的准确率都较低。其中，三合一的LED 21为能够发出绿光、红光和红外光的LED装置。
由上可知，现有的PPG传感器无法兼容静态心率、动态心率(紧佩戴状态下和松佩戴状态下)、佩戴松紧检测、血氧检测这4种应用需求。
为了使得PPG传感器能够同时兼容静态心率、动态心率(紧佩戴、松佩戴)、佩戴松紧检测、血氧检测这4种应用需求，本申请提供了一种PPG传感器。该PPG传感器能够同时兼容静态心率、动态心率(紧佩戴状态下和松佩戴状态下)、佩戴松紧检测、血氧检测这4种应用需求。
在介绍本申请提供的PPG传感器之前，首先介绍PPG系统的工作原理。
PPG系统是利用PD接收到的从人体组织反射的光线来检测血氧或心率等功能的。反射的光线中，大部分是直流(DC)，小部分是由于脉搏搏动而产生的交流(AC)信号。直流信号成分复杂，既有外来的环境光，又有皮肤，组织等反射的光线。实际上，交流信号才是用来检测血氧或心率的关键信号。因此，如何得到更大的交流信号，提高交流信号对于直流信号的比值，就是系统设计一个重要的因素。而研究发现，随着PD与LED距离的增大，各个波长的交流/直流的比值(称之为调制深度)也随之增大。简而言之，PD与LED之间的距离越大，越容易获得有效的AC信号。
但是，PD与LED之间的距离越大，皮肤对光线的吸收越多。研究表明，光效率随LED与PD之间的距离增加，呈现指数性衰减。为了控制功耗，需要缩小LED与PD之间的距离。
综上所述，为了得到有效的AC信号以及降低功耗，需要选择合理的PD与LED距离。
另外，本申请还针对上述四种应用所要求的PD与LED之间的距离大小进行了研究。研究结果如下：
1、静态心率测量：
只关注PPG信号中的AC成分，要求AC尽量大。研究表明，绿光(525nm)皮肤中的吸收率高。绿光损失随PD、LED之间距离呈指数性增加。出于降功耗考虑，要求PD与LED之间距离尽量近。
2、动态心率测量：
动态心率中运动噪声很高，使用单一的光路，很难把运动噪声消除干净，需要多路信号进行盲源分析。因此，为实现动态心率测量，则要求PD与LED之间的距离有远有近。
3、佩戴松紧检测：
如图3所示，用户佩戴手表/手环，较松时，LED2-LED3之间信号会有差异，LED1-LED4之间信号会有差异；LED1、LED4到PD距离较远，设备发生倾斜时，这两个LED和皮肤之间的距离也更大，信号间差异更大，特征值容易提取。因此，为实现智能手表/手环的佩戴松紧检测，要求PD与LED之间的距离较远。
4、血氧测量：
需要更高的灌注率(AC/DC)，要求光线穿透皮肤更深，布局上要求LED到PD的距离尽量远。
基于上述研究结果可知，为了使得PPG能够兼容上述4种应用需求，PD与LED之间的距离要有大距离和小距离。基于此，本申请提供了一种PPG传感器，该PPG传感器内部包括第一PD、第一LED和第二LED，其中，第一PD与第一LED之间的距离与第一PD与第二LED之间的距离不等。如此，在该PPG传感器中，可以形成两个大小不同的PD与LED之间的距离。该两个不同PD与LED之间距离可以满足不同应用场景下对PD与LED之间距离的要求。例如，可以通过测量距离较小的PD与LED之间的反射光线强度实现对静态心率的检测，可以通过测量距离较大的PD与LED之间的反射光线强度实现对智能手表或手环的佩戴松紧检测和血氧测量，可以通过这测量这两种不同大小的PD与LED之间的反射光线强度实现对动态心率的检测。因此，本申请实施例提供的PPG传感器内的PD与LED的布局能够兼顾静态心率测量、动态心率测量、佩戴松紧检测和血氧测量等四种应用需求。
下面结合附图对本申请实施例提供的PPG传感器的具体实现方式进行详细描述。
需要说明，在本申请实施例中，PPG传感器的轮廓以圆形作为示例进行说明。实际上，PPG传感器的轮廓还可以为椭圆形、长条形等其他形状。
请参见图4，本申请实施例提供的一种PPG传感器包括：第一PD 41、第一LED 42和第二LED 43，其中，第一PD 41与第一LED 42之间的距离d1与第一PD 41与第二LED 43之间的距离d2不相等。作为示例，d1<d2。
在图4中，第一PD 41、第一LED 42和第二LED 43横向排列，且位于一条直线上。 作为本申请的另一可选实现方式，如图5所示，第一PD 41、第一LED 42和第二LED 43也可以竖向排列，且位于一条直线上。
作为本申请的又一可选实现方式，如图6所示，第一PD 41、第一LED 42和第二LED 43也可以不位于同一条直线上。作为本申请的更具体示例，如图7所示，第一PD 41、第一LED 42和第二LED 43的布局呈三角形分布，作为更具体示例，该三者的布局可以呈直角三角形，其中，第一PD 41位于直角顶点上，两条直角边的长度不相等。
在本申请实施例中，第一LED 42和第二LED 43可以为能够发出绿光(G)、红光(R)和红外光(IR)中的至少一种光的LED装置。为了使得光强满足上述四种应用需求，作为一可选方式，该第一LED 42和第二LED 43可以为绿光(G)LED装置、绿光和红外光二合一的LED装置、红光和红外光二合一的LED装置、绿光、红光(和红外光三合一的LED装置中的任一种。
在图4至图7所示的PPG传感器中，为了控制PPG的功耗，可以应用距离较小的第一PD 41和第一LED 42之间的通路实现对静态心率的测量。
利用第一PD 41、第二LED 42和第二LED 43实现动态心率测量。当第一LED 42和第二LED 43为三合一(G、R和IR)的LED装置时，第一PD 41和第一LED 42之间可以形成3个短距离的光通路，第一PD 41和第二LED 43之间可以形成3个长距离的光通路。利用这6个光通路可以有效去除运动噪声，实现对动态心率的准确测量。
采用距离较远的第一PD 41和第二LED43实现佩戴松紧检测和血氧检测。
以上为本申请实施例提供的一种PPG传感器的具体实现方式。在该具体实现方式中，可以形成两个大小不同的PD与LED之间的距离。该两个不同PD与LED之间距离可以满足不同应用场景下对PD与LED之间距离的要求。例如，可以通过测量距离较小的第一PD 41与第一LED 42之间的反射光线强度实现对静态心率的检测，可以通过测量距离较大的第一PD 41与第二LED 42之间的反射光线强度实现对智能手表或手环的佩戴松紧检测和血氧测量，可以通过这测量第一PD41与第一LED 42以及与第二LED 43之间的反射光线强度实现对动态心率的检测。因此，本申请实施例提供的PPG传感器内的PD与LED的布局能够兼顾静态心率测量、动态心率测量、佩戴松紧检测和血氧测量等四种应用需求。
为了提高测量结果的准确性，本申请实施例还提供了PPG传感器的另一种实现方式。需要说明，该PPG传感器的另一种实现方式是在图7所示的PPG传感器的基础上改进得到的。
请参见图8，本申请实施例提供的PPG传感器的另一种实现方式除了包括：第一PD 41、第一LED 42和第二LED 43外，还可以包括：第二PD81，
第二PD 81与第一PD 41分布在第一LED 42和第二LED 43所在直线的两侧，且第一PD 41、第二PD 81与第一LED 42间的距离相等，设定为第一距离d1，第一PD 41、第二PD 81与第二LED 42间的距离相等，设定为第二距离d2，其中，d1<d2。也可以将上述PPG传感器中的PD和LED的布局方式理解为：该PPG中的第一PD 41、第一LED 42和第二LED43以及第二PD 81的分布呈平行四边形。该第一PD 41、第一LED 42和第二LED 43以及第二PD 81分布在平行四边形的顶点上。
作为本申请的一具体示例，第一PD 41、第一LED42、第二LED 43和第二PD 81的布 局呈长方形，其中，第一PD 41、第一LED 42、第二LED 43和第二PD 81位于长方形的顶点上，且LED和PD之间位于不相邻的顶点上。
在上述PPG传感器的实现方式中，设置有两个PD，当LED为三合一的LED装置时，可以形成6条PD与LED之间的短距离通路(即第一PD 41与第一LED 42之间的3条通路，以及第二PD 81与第二LED 43之间的3条通路)以及6条PD和LED之间的长距离通路(即第一PD 41与第二LED 43之间的3条通路，以及第二PD 81与第一LED 42之间的3条通路)。如此，可以利用第一PD 41与第一LED 42之间的3条通路，以及第二PD 81与第二LED 43之间的3条通路实现对静态心率的测量，以达到控制功耗的效果，利用第一PD 41与第二LED 43之间的3条通路，以及第二PD 81与第一LED 42之间的3条通路实现对佩戴松紧的检测和血氧的检测，以及通过上述6条短距离通路和6条长距离通路实现对动态心率的测量，以提高检测结果的准确性。
如此，利用多路光线强度对人的生理参数以及设备的佩戴松紧程度的测量，可以降低检测结果的误差，提高检测结果的准确性。
以上为本申请实施例提供的PPG传感器的另一种具体实现方式，在该具体实现方式中，能够较为准确地检测到静态心率、动态心率、设备佩戴松紧程度以及血氧。
此外，为了进一步提高生理参数以及设备佩戴松紧程度检测的准确性，本申请还提供了PPG传感器的又一种实现方式。请参见图9，本申请实施例提供的PPG传感器，除了包括图6所示的第一PD 41、第一LED 42、第二LED 43外，还可以包括：第二PD 91和第三LED 92，该第三LED 92位于第二LED 43和第一LED 42连线的延长线上，且第一PD 41与第二LED 43之间的距离等于第一PD 41与所述第三LED 92之间的距离；第二PD 91位于第一PD 41关于第一LED 42和第二LED 43连线对称的位置处。
如此，第二PD 91与第一LED 42之间的距离与第一PD 41与第一LED 42的距离相等，第二PD 91与第二LED 43之间的距离与第一PD 41与第二LED 43之间的距离，第二PD 91与第三LED 92之间的距离与第一PD 41与第三LED 92相等，第一PD 41与第二LED 43以及第三LED 92之间的距离相等。
因此，在本申请实施例中，该第一PD 41、第二LED 43、第二PD 91和第三LED 92的布局可以呈四边边长相等的平行四边形，第一LED 42位于该平行四边形的中心。作为一示例，该平行四边形可以为菱形。作为另一示例，该平行四边形可以为正方形。
在本申请实施例中，第三LED 92能够发出绿光、红光和红外光中的至少一种光。为了提高PPG传感器对人的生理参数和设备佩戴松紧程度检测的准确性，该第三LED 92可为三合一的LED装置，即能够发出绿光、红光和红外光的LED装置。为了降低PPG传感器的成本，该第三LED 92可以为发出绿光的LED装置。
在图8所示的PPG装置中，为了提高PPG传感器对人的生理参数和设备佩戴松紧程度检测的准确性，第一LED 42、第二LED 43以及第三LED 92可以均为绿光、红光和红外光三合一的LED装置。
在图9所示的PPG传感器中，第一PD 41与第一LED 42之间的距离与第二PD 91与第一LED 42之间的距离相等，该距离为第一距离d1。第一PD 41和第二PD 91分别与第二LED 43和第三LED 92之间的距离均相等，设定该距离为第二距离d2，根据数学知识可知，第一距离d1小于第二距离d2。为了降低PPG传感器的功耗，可以结合使用PD和LED距离最小的第一PD 41、第二PD71以及第二LED 43来测量静态心率。
为了降低运动噪声，提高动态心率测量的准确性，在本申请实施例中，可以充分利用各个LED与PD之间的通路来测量动态心率。
例如，当第一LED 42、第二LED 43以及第三LED 92可以均为绿光、红光和红外光三合一的LED装置时，该PPG传感器中可以形成18条光线通路，其中，12条长距离通路，6条短距离通路，利用该18条光线通路可以有效减少运动噪声，提高佩戴较松时动态心率的准确性。需要说明，在具体检测动态心率的方法中，PPG会对该18条光线通路上的反射光强设置不同的权重，然后利用加权平均的方式来计算得到动态心率。
其中，12条长距离通路分别如下：
第二LED 43(G/RED/IR)—第一PD 41，3个长距离通路；
第二LED 43(G/RED/IR)—第二PD 91，3个长距离通路；
第三LED 92(G/RED/IR)—第一PD 41，3个长距离通路；
第三LED 92(G/RED/IR)—第二PD 91，3个长距离通路。
其中，在该12条长距离通路中，利用每个LED的绿光线、红光线和红外光线通路。
6条短距离通路分别如下：
第一LED 42(G/RED/IR)—第一PD 41，3个短距离通路；
第一LED 42(G/RED/IR)—第二PD 91，3个短距离通路。
其中，在该6条长距离通路中，利用每个LED的绿光线、红光线和红外光线通路。
此外，为了提高设备佩戴松紧程度检测的准确性，可以利用上述12条长距离通路之间的信号差异来检测设备佩戴松紧程度的检测。
为了有效提取血氧信号，可以利用下述8条长距离通路进行血氧测试，
第二LED 43(RED/IR)—第一PD 41，2个长距离通路；
第二LED 43(RED/IR)—第二PD 91，2个长距离通路；
第三LED 92(RED/IR)—第一PD 41，2个长距离通路；
第三LED 92(RED/IR)—第二PD 91，2个长距离通路。
其中，在该8条长距离通路中，利用每个LED的红光线和红外光线通路。
以上为本申请实施例提供的PPG传感器的又一种具体实现方式，在该具体实现方式中，能够更为准确地检测到静态心率、动态心率、设备佩戴松紧程度以及血氧。而且，该具体实现方式能够控制PPG功耗，支持24小时连续心率测试。
以上为本申请实施例提供的PPG传感器的具体实现方式。基于该PPG传感器的具体实 现方式，本申请实施例还提供了一种智能手环或手表。
该智能手环或手表包括机体和佩戴带，机体内设置有PPG传感器，该PPG传感器为上述任一具体实现方式所述的PPG传感器。
以上为本申请实施例的具体实现方式。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种PPG传感器，其特征在于，包括：第一PD、第一LED和第二LED，其中，所述第一PD与所述第一LED之间的距离与所述第一PD与所述第二LED之间的距离不相等。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的PPG传感器，其特征在于，所述第一PD、所述第一LED和所述第二LED位于一条直线上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的PPG传感器，其特征在于，所述第一PD、所述第一LED和所述第二LED不在一条直线上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的PPG传感器，其特征在于，所述PPG传感器还包括第二PD，所述第二PD与所述第一PD分布在所述第一LED和所述第二LED所在直线的两侧，所述第一PD、所述第二PD与所述第一LED间的距离相等，所述第一PD、所述第二PD与所述第二LED间的距离相等。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的PPG传感器，其特征在于，所述第一PD、第一LED、第二LED和所述第二PD的布局呈长方形，且所述第一PD、第一LED、第二LED和所述第二PD分布在长方形的顶点上。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的PPG传感器，其特征在于，所述PPG传感器还包括：第三LED和第二PD，
    所述第三LED位于所述第二LED和所述第一LED连线的延长线上，且所述第一PD与第二LED之间的距离等于所述第一PD与所述第三LED之间的距离；
    所述第二PD位于所述第一PD关于所述第一LED和所述第二LED连线对称的位置处。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的PPG传感器，其特征在于，所述第一PD、第二LED、第三LED和所述第二PD的布局呈平行四边形，且所述第一PD、第二LED、第一LED和所述第二PD分布在平行四边形的顶点上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的PPG传感器，其特征在于，所述平行四边形为正方形或菱形。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的PPG传感器，其特征在于，所述第一LED和所述第二LED能够发出绿光、红光和红外光中的至少一种光。
  10. 根据权利要求7-8任一项所述的PPG传感器，奇特在于，所述第三LED能够发出绿光、红光和红外光中的至少一种光。
  11. 一种智能手表或手环，其特征在于，包括：机体和佩戴带，所述机体内设置有PPG传感器，所述PPG传感器为权利要求1-10任一项所述的PPG传感器。
PCT/CN2018/091071 2018-06-13 2018-06-13 一种ppg传感器、智能手表或手环 Ceased WO2019237281A1 (zh)

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