[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2019235956A1 - Smart battery system and method of smart battery system balancing - Google Patents

Smart battery system and method of smart battery system balancing Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019235956A1
WO2019235956A1 PCT/RU2018/000372 RU2018000372W WO2019235956A1 WO 2019235956 A1 WO2019235956 A1 WO 2019235956A1 RU 2018000372 W RU2018000372 W RU 2018000372W WO 2019235956 A1 WO2019235956 A1 WO 2019235956A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
smart battery
smart
battery unit
state
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2018/000372
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ivan Vladimirovich KOLCHIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to PCT/RU2018/000372 priority Critical patent/WO2019235956A1/en
Publication of WO2019235956A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019235956A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with provisions for charging different types of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to battery management, in particular to battery balancing and more particularly related to a battery system that is adopted to bring itself to balanced condition. Also this invention relates to a method of battery balancing.
  • electrochemical energy storage units are becoming more common, and they are subject to new requirements for increasing the uptime of electrical supply for power equipment.
  • battery systems, or batteries serve as the main electric power unit working under electric load and on the electric drive of the vehicle.
  • the weak battery cells tend to have lower voltage than the other battery cells, due to either higher internal resistance or the faster rate of discharge that results from their smaller capacity. This means that if any of the weak battery cells hits the battery cell undervoltage-protection limit while the battery system voltage is still sufficient to power the system, the full capacity of the battery system will not be used.
  • the passive cell -balancing method also known as “resistor bleeding balancing, " is simple and straightforward: discharge the cells that need balancing through a dissipative bypass route. This bypass can be either integrated or external to the integrated circuit. Such an approach is favorable in low-cost system applications. The fact that 100% of the excess energy from a higher energy cell is dissipated as heat makes the passive method less preferable to use during discharge because of the obvious impact on battery run time. Active cell balancing, which utilizes capacitive or inductive charge shuttling to transfer charge between battery cells, is significantly more efficient because energy is transferred to where it is needed instead of being bled off.
  • BMS battery management systems
  • FETs cutoff field-effect transmitters
  • fuel-gauge monitor cell-voltage monitor
  • cell-voltage balance real-time clock
  • temperature monitors temperature monitors
  • state machine that are managed by a central controller of the BMS.
  • the central controller polls the battery cells of the battery system and centrally chooses balancing point (value of SOC that all the battery cells have to be balanced) .
  • balancing point value of SOC that all the battery cells have to be balanced
  • the obvious need is to monitor and balance battery system that comprises a plurality of battery cells connecting in series and / or in parallel circuits, in decentralized fashion.
  • In addition to that task is to define the balancing state of the battery which the system should be brought to.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide battery systems that are able to be balanced and a way how to balance such battery system. Therefore, the reliability and efficiency of such battery system are increased.
  • a smart battery unit as defined in claim 1, by a smart battery system as defined in claim 4 and by a method of a smart battery system balancing as defined in claim 8.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are provided in dependent claims.
  • Features of claims 1, 4, 8 can be combined with features of dependent claims, and features of dependent claims can be combined together.
  • a smart battery unit is presented.
  • the smart battery unit comprises at least one battery cell equipped with at least one cell node.
  • the at least one cell node is adopted to perform at least the following functions:
  • an actual battery unit state which comprises at least one actual battery cell state of the at least one battery cell of the smart battery unit evaluated based on measured parameter
  • receiving data which comprises information about measured parameters of other smart battery units and / or actual battery unit states of other smart battery units
  • a targeted battery unit state which comprises at least one targeted battery cell state of the at least 1 one battery cell defined based on the evaluated actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit and the received data, adjusting the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit to the defined targeted battery smart unit state by bringing each battery cell of the smart battery unit to the defined targeted battery cell state of the respective battery cell of the smart battery unit.
  • the smart battery system comprises plurality of the smart battery units according to any of claims 1 to 3. Furthermore, each cell node of the respective smart battery unit defines the targeted battery unit state of the respective smart battery unit using the same method of defining a targeted battery state for all smart battery units of the smart battery system.
  • the smart battery system is a smart battery system according to any of claims 4 to 7.
  • the method of balancing of the smart battery system comprises the following steps.
  • At least one parameter of each smart battery unit is measured. Further based on measured parameters, an actual battery unit state of each smart battery unit of the smart battery system is evaluated.
  • smart battery units of the smart battery systems exchange between each other data which comprises information about the measured parameters of the each smart battery unit of the smart battery system and / or the actual battery unit states of the smart battery units .
  • the defined targeted battery system state of the smart battery system comprises targeted battery unit states for each smart battery unit defined based on the measured parameters of each smart battery unit (1) and / or actual battery unit states of each smart battery unit of the smart battery system.
  • the actual battery system state of the smart battery system is adjusted to the defined targeted battery system state by bringing each smart battery unit of the smart battery system to the respective targeted battery unit state.
  • the present invention is based on the insight that the combination of a battery cell together with a cell node that is adopted to perform all above mentioned features makes the battery unit - the battery cell plus the cell node - smart. I.e. such smart battery unit is able to measure parameters of the battery cell itself and ambient parameters, evaluate its own battery cell state in each point of time, and by receiving the data related to measured parameters of other battery cells and / or to the battery states of the other battery cells and the other battery units to define the targeted battery cell state.
  • Such smart battery system is able to bring the battery cells of the smart battery system to the state to rich the targeted battery system state. Taking into account that a balanced battery system is one in which at some point of its cycle, all battery cells / units are at exactly the same state, it means that such smart battery system is able to keep itself balanced, but without involving a centralized controller.
  • the present invention is proposed to provide a new smart battery unit, a new smart battery system and a new method of balancing a smart battery system.
  • the at least one evaluated battery cell state of the at least one battery cell of the smart battery unit is the state of charge .
  • SOC State of charge
  • This feature allows balancing the battery unit by total available energy.
  • information about state of charge can be used for other purposes and by other applications .
  • the at least one cell node is adopted to be integrated in blockchain network .
  • a blockchain network is decentralized, distributed and public digital ledger that is used to record transactions across many computers / nodes so that the record cannot be altered retroactively without the alteration of all subsequent blocks and the collusion of the network. This allows the participants to verify and audit transactions inexpensively.
  • a blockchain database is managed autonomously using a peer-to-peer network and a distributed timestamping server.
  • This feature allows the smart battery unit to be integrated into the blockchain network, and therefore to participate in the blockchain-based exchange of data that usually can be completed more quickly, more safely and more cheaply than with traditional systems.
  • At least one smart battery unit of the smart battery system is a master smart battery unit.
  • the targeted battery unit state for each smart battery unit of the smart battery system is evaluated by the master smart battery unit .
  • This feature allows making centralized calculations / evaluation of the targeted battery unit state for each smart battery unit in centralized manner, while managing of each particular battery cell of the smart battery unit are performed individually by each battery node .
  • the at least one cell node of the master smart battery unit is adopted to send the data which comprise the information about the defined targeted battery unit state.
  • the cell nodes of the plurality of the smart battery units of the smart battery system are connected with each other in such way that they are integrated into a blockchain network.
  • blockchains are secure by design and exemplify a distributed computing system with high Byzantine fault tolerance. Decentralized consensus can therefore be achieved with a blockchain.
  • the decentralized blockchain may use ad-hoc message passing and distributed networking.
  • Blockchain network guarantees the reliability and safety of calculation. In addition to that uncontrolled failure of any of smart battery unit does not affect the performance of the whole smart battery system.
  • the smart battery units define how to reallocate the charge of each smart battery unit between the plurality of smart battery units of the smart battery system to keep the smart battery system balanced.
  • This feature allows optimizing resources to be used for balancing the smart battery system. In some cases balancing of the smart battery system can be performed without using external resources. Such balancing, which utilizes capacitive or inductive charge shuttling to transfer charge between battery units / cells, is significantly more efficient because energy is transferred to where it is needed instead of being bled off.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the smart battery unit in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the smart battery unit in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the smart battery system in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the method of smart battery system balancing in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the method of smart battery system balancing in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG 1 illustrates a smart battery unit 1 that comprises at least one battery cell 2 equipped with the at least one cell node 3.
  • the at least cell node 3 can be placed on the battery cell 2 as it is shown on FIG 1 or can be located outside of the battery cell, but connected to the battery cell 2 as it is shown on FIG 2.
  • the smart battery unit 1 can comprise a plurality of the battery cells 2 that are equipped with one cell node 3. Furthermore the plurality of the battery cells 2 can be in series and / or in parallel circuits.
  • it can comprise the battery cell 2 equipped with a plurality of the cell nodes 3.
  • the battery unit 1 can comprise a plurality of battery cells 2 equipped with a plurality of cell nodes 3. At the same time the number of the battery cells 2 and cell nodes 3 can be different in such battery unit 1.
  • the number of battery cells 2 and cell nodes 3 in the smart battery unit 1 depends on a task it should solve and is defined by experts.
  • the at least one cell node can be, for example, a computer, a CPU, a controller, a processor, etc.
  • the at least one cell node 3 is adopted to perform the following functions .
  • the at least one cell node 3 of the battery unit 1 is adopted to measure at least one parameter of the at least one battery cell 2.
  • Such measured parameters can be parameters of the battery cell 2 itself and / ambient parameters.
  • parameters related to the battery cell 2 itself can be current passing through the respective battery cell 2, voltage on the battery cell 2, temperature of the battery cell 2, potential difference on the battery cell 2, capacity, impedance, discharge rate, internal resistance, etc.
  • ambient parameters measured can be ambient temperature, humidity, pressure.
  • Another function the at least one cell node 3 of the battery unit 1 is adopted to perform is to evaluate an actual battery unit state, wherein the actual battery unit state comprises at least one actual battery cell state of the at least one battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1 evaluated based on measured parameter.
  • the at least one cell node 3 of the battery unit 1 is adopted to evaluate an actual battery unit state of other battery units in case data which comprises information about measured parameters of other smart battery units are available .
  • states can be evaluated based on the measured parameters.
  • typically such states can be state of charge (SOC) , depth of discharge (DOD) , state of health (SOH) , etc.
  • SOC state of charge
  • DOD depth of discharge
  • SOH state of health
  • ambient parameters can be evaluated.
  • state of charge cannot be measured directly but it can be estimated from direct measurement variables in two ways: offline and online.
  • offline techniques the battery cells desires to be charged and discharged in constant rate such as Coulomb-counting. This method gives precise estimation of battery state of charge.
  • the at least one cell node 3 is adopted to evaluate the at least one battery cell state of each battery cell 2 and / or of the plurality of the battery cells 2 in whole .
  • Another function the at least one cell node 3 of the battery unit 1 is adopted to perform is to send data, which comprises information about the measured parameters and / or the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1.
  • the at least one cell node can send such data to other cell nodes 2 of the other smart battery units 1 and / or other outside information systems.
  • the information systems can be, for example, battery management systems of other battery systems, and / or just information systems that are not connected to batteries, but where some data are kept .
  • the at least one cell node 3 is adopted to receive data which comprises information about measured parameters of other smart battery cells and / or actual battery unit states of other smart battery cells.
  • data can be received from the other smart battery units and / or from outside information systems, for example, from battery managements systems of other battery systems.
  • the key feature is that the smart battery cell unit 1 due to availability of cell node 3 is able to exchange data which comprises information about measured parameters, and actual battery unit states with other smart battery units 1 and / or with the outside information systems.
  • the cell node 3 is adopted to evaluate an actual battery unit state of the other smart battery units based on the received data.
  • the cell node 3 is adopted to define a targeted battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1.
  • Such targeted battery unit state of the smart battery unit comprises at least one targeted battery cell state of the at least one battery cell 2 defined based on the measured parameters, the evaluated actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1, and the received data.
  • Targeted battery cell states for different battery cells 2 of the same smart battery unit 1 can differ from each other. It can be connected with individual characteristics of particular battery cell 2, for example, with rate of self- discharge of the battery cells: the more rate of self- discharge the more the battery cell 2 should be charged to keep the smart unit 1 as the whole in balanced condition.
  • the cell node 3 is adopted to adjust the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1 to the defined targeted battery smart unit state by bringing each battery cell 2 to the defined targeted battery cell state of the respective battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1.
  • cell node 3 is adopted to be integrated in blockchain network.
  • the smart battery unit 1 comprises plurality of the cell nodes 3 as it was described above, each of them can perform all function, or each of them can perform at least one of the functions described above, and / or a set of such functions .
  • the cell node 3 of the smart battery unit 1 measures at least one parameter of the battery cell 2. Such measurement can be performed by the cell node 3 itself, or such cell node 3 can be equipped and / or connected to the at least one sensor to perform respective measurements. Such measurements can be performed in one step or on regular basis . Then the cell node 3 evaluates an actual battery unit state which comprises an actual battery cell state of the battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1 evaluated based on measured parameter.
  • the cell node 3 can evaluate a plurality of the battery cell states of the battery cell 2. In preferable case at least one actual battery cell should be evaluated for each battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1 to provide understanding of the state of each battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit .
  • the cell node can evaluate an actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit as whole.
  • the cell node 3 After that the cell node 3 sends data which comprises information about the measured parameters and / or the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1 it equipped with.
  • the data which comprises information about the measured parameters can be sent immediately as soon as required parameters measured. Later as soon as the actual battery unit state is evaluated the further data which comprises the information about the actual battery unit state can be sent.
  • the goal of sending such data out is to allow other battery units and / or battery systems to get balanced with the smart battery unit 1.
  • the cell node 3 receives the data which comprises information about measured parameters of another smart battery units and / or actual battery unit states of other smart battery units. Also the cell node 3 can receive the data that already comprises information about the targeted battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1 should achieve to be balanced.
  • the cell node 3 should receive such data related to all other smart battery units the smart battery unit 1 should be balanced with.
  • Such receiving and sending data as described above can occur simultaneously or consistently, in a set order or arbitrary order. Also it can be performed by using a blockchain network .
  • the cell node 3 evaluates an actual battery unit state of the other smart battery units based on the received data.
  • the at least one actual battery unit state of the other smart battery units evaluated by the at least one cell node 3 should be the same as it is evaluated for the particular smart battery unit 1, but only for the other smart battery units with which the particular smart battery unit should be brought in balance .
  • the cell node 3 defines a targeted battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1.
  • the targeted battery unit state comprises at least one targeted battery cell state of the at least one battery cell 2 defined based on the evaluated actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1, and the received data.
  • the cell node 3 is adopted to define targeted battery unit state not only for itself, but for other smart battery units the data about which it has received.
  • the cell node 3 launches activity to bring the actual battery unit state to the targeted battery unit state. It is achieved by bringing each battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1 to the defined targeted battery cell state of the respective battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1.
  • the at least one battery cell can be discharged or charged till the required level, and / or the ambient parameters can be changed, or the at least one battery cell can be kept in the state as is. Adjustment can be performed by using different methods of balancing (passive and / or active) and / or by adjusting the ambient parameters. Other apparatuses / elements, such as, for example, resistors, can be involved in this process and / or can be managed by the cell node 3 to reach required targeted battery unit state.
  • the smart battery unit 1 can be considered as a balanced one with the other smart battery units and / or battery systems it received data from as soon as the actual state of the smart battery unit 1 equals the targeted battery unit state.
  • the FIG 3 shows a smart battery system 4 that is adopted to keep a plurality of smart battery units 1 balanced.
  • the smart battery system 4 comprises plurality of the smart battery units 1, 1' according to any of claims 1 to 3. All mentioned above about a smart battery unit 1, 1' is applied to the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4.
  • the plurality of the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 can be connected to each other in different way, for example smart battery units 1, 1' can be connect in parallel circuit, or sequential, or in combined way - some smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 in parallel and some smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 sequential.
  • the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 can be without any direct electrical and / or mechanical connection to each other, but still due to some reasons established by experts these smart battery units 1, 1' belongs to the smart battery system 4 and should be balanced to each other.
  • Smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 should be balanced means that from time to time all smart battery units 1, 1' of the same smart battery system 4 should be brought to the state where the state of the whole smart battery system 4 equals the targeted battery system state.
  • each cell node 3 of the respective smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 uses the same method for defining a targeted battery state for all smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4.
  • cell nodes 3 of the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 can come into the agreement between each other about what state of each particular battery cell 2 of the each smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 should be to keep the smart battery system 4 in the optimal condition, including from the point of view of charge of each particular battery cell 2.
  • a blockchain network Being integrated into a blockchain network means that a plurality of cell nodes 3 are interconnected with each other and configured to host a blockchain, wherein the blockchain is a distributed consensus-based database configured to store a plurality of transactions; and act as a distributed virtual machine configured to Distributed virtual machine
  • One example for a blockchain is a private Ethereum blockchain and one example for a distributed virtual machine is an Ethereum Virtual Machine of the private Ethereum blockchain.
  • the plurality of cell nodes 3 may be connected with each other and / or with other battery systems and / or outside information systems using any type of wired or wireless physical connection, such as for example, Ethernet, Fieldbus, EtherCT, Wi-fi, Bluetooth, a cellular data link.
  • the plurality of cell nodes 3 may be connected between each other in any topology, such as a star topology, a line topology, a mesh topology or a random topology, wherein the mesh topology is preferred.
  • the plurality of cell nodes 3 may be configured to communicate in a peer-to-peer manner, wherein each node is aware of how to reach at least one further cell node 3, but may not be aware of how to reach all of the plurality of cell nodes 3.
  • Each node may comprise a CPU, memory and storage (not shown) and execute a blockchain cell node software.
  • at least one smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 is a master smart battery unit 1', and the targeted battery unit state for each smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 is defined by the master smart battery unit 1' .
  • the at least one cell node of the master smart battery unit 1 is adopted to send the data which comprise the information about the defined targeted battery unit state to other smart battery units 1 of the smart battery system 4 and / or to outside information system.
  • a method 100 of balancing of a smart battery system 4 will be now described by reference to the steps illustrate in FIG 4 and the smart battery system 4 shown in FIG 3. The method 100 is applied to the smart battery system 4 that was described above .
  • step 101 the at least one parameter of each smart battery unit 1, 1' is measured.
  • the at least one parameter of the at least one battery cell 2 of each smart battery unit 1, 1' should be measured.
  • the at least one parameter of each battery cell 2 of each smart battery unit 1, 1' should be measured. The parameters that may be measured are described above .
  • Such parameters can be measured by the cell node 3 of the respective smart battery unit 1, 1 , by a sensor that is located in the cell node 3 or by a remote sensor (not shown) connected with the battery cell 2 and the cell node 3.
  • step 102 an actual battery unit state of each smart battery unit 1, 1 based on measured parameters is evaluated.
  • a plurality of battery cell states of each smart battery unit 1, 1' based on measured parameters may be evaluated. It may be a plurality of battery cell states for the same battery unit 1, 1' , and /or a plurality of battery cell states for the respective battery unit 1 that comprises a plurality of battery cells 2.
  • the at least one battery cell state should be evaluated for each battery cell 2 of every smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4.
  • each cell node 3 of each smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 may have its own algorithm / method of evaluating the particular actual battery unit state which considers features and characteristics of the particular battery cell 2 (or battery cells 2) of the particular smart battery unit 1, 1' .
  • step 103 the exchange of data between the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 should occur.
  • the exchanged data comprises information about the measured parameters of the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 and / or the evaluated actual battery unit states of the smart battery units 1, 1' .
  • data may be sent to external outside information systems, for example to battery management system of the particular smart battery system, and / or to other information system where the data related to the smart battery system 4 is kept and processed.
  • Such exchange of data between the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 means sending and receiving the respective data to each other.
  • every smart battery unit 1, 1' possess the same set of data which comprises information about the measured the measured parameters of the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 and / or the evaluated actual battery unit states of the smart battery units 1, 1'
  • Such data may be sent using any type of wired or wireless physical connection, such as for example, Ethernet, Fieldbus, EtherCAT, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, a cellular data link.
  • wired or wireless physical connection such as for example, Ethernet, Fieldbus, EtherCAT, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, a cellular data link.
  • Such exchange of the information within the step 103 can be performed with using blockchain technology in case the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system are integrated into blockchain network.
  • each cell node 3 of the smart battery system 4 receives information at least about measured parameters of the other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4. Since having information about measured parameters of the other smart battery units 1 , 1' the cell node 3 will be able to evaluate the actual battery unit state of the other respective smart battery units 1 by itself.
  • each cell node 3 of each smart battery unit 1 may have its own algorithm of evaluating the respective battery unit state based on the measured parameters that takes into the consideration the particular features and characteristics of the particular battery cell / or battery cells 2 of the respective smart battery unit 1, 1' . In such case it is preferably to arrange exchange of data which comprises information about the evaluated battery unit state within the steps 103, but not the measured parameters.
  • each cell node 3 of each smart battery unit 1, 1' should receive data which comprise information about the measured parameters of at least one other smart battery units 1, 1' and / or the evaluated battery unit states of at least one other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4. This will allow at least these two smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 get balanced.
  • each cell node 3 should receive data which comprise information about the measured parameters and / or the evaluated actual battery unit states of all other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4. It will allow bringing all cell nodes 3 of the smart battery system 4 to the consensus about the targeted battery system state of the smart battery system 4 within the step 105.
  • the data which comprise information about the measured parameters of at least one other smart battery units 1, 1' and / or the evaluated actual battery unit states of at least one other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 can be received from an outside information system, for example from the battery management system.
  • step of evaluating 102 an actual battery unit state of each smart battery unit 1, 1' and the step of exchanging 103 data between the smart battery units 1, 1' can be performed simultaneously as shown on FIG 5. Since potentially each cell node 3 can evaluate the actual battery unit state of other smart battery unit 1, 1' as soon as it receives the data which comprises information about measured parameters of the respective smart battery unit 1, 1' .
  • step of exchanging 103 data which comprises information about measured parameters can be performed first, and after that within the step 102 the actual battery unit states of each smart battery unit 1, 1' are evaluated.
  • each smart battery unit 1, 1' possesses information about its own actual battery unit state and about the actual battery unit state of other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system
  • step 104 a targeted battery system state of the smart battery system of the smart battery system 4 can be defined.
  • the defined targeted battery system state of the smart battery system 4 comprises targeted battery unit states for each smart battery unit 1, 1' defined based
  • the targeted battery unit states of smart battery units 1, 1' can differ from each other, but can be the same for all smart battery units. It is fully depends on features and characteristics of the particular battery cell 2 / battery cells 2 of the particular smart battery unit 1, 1' .
  • All smart battery units 1, 1' can be integrated into blockchain network that allows all cell nodes 3 coming to consensus what battery cell state of each battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1, 1' should be to get the smart battery system 4 in whole got balanced.
  • each cell node 3 of the smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 is able to define the targeted battery unit state of the respective smart battery unit 1, 1' to get a whole smart battery system 4 balanced.
  • Defining of the targeted battery system state can be performed by each smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4.
  • at least one smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 is a master smart battery unit 1'
  • such calculations can be performed by the master smart battery unit centrally, and then sent to the respective smart battery units.
  • Master smart battery unit 1' among other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system can be defined arbitrary, or by experts .
  • step 105 as soon as the targeted battery system state of the smart battery system 4 is defined, the smart battery system 4 should be brought to this defined targeted battery system state by adjusting the state of each smart battery unit 1, 1' to the respective targeted battery unit state.
  • Such adjustment can be reached by different ways, for example by dissipating the charge (passive method of balancing) or by reallocating the charge of each unit 2 between the plurality of smart battery units 2 of the smart battery system 4.
  • the smart battery units 1, 1' come to consensus how the charge of each smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 should be reallocated to keep the smart battery system 4 balanced.
  • Such adjustments can be performed also by involving other apparatuses and components (not shown) like resistors and etc .
  • Methods how to bring the particular battery to the particular battery state, for example, to the required voltage are well known (they were described above) .
  • such method for balancing the smart battery system 4 may be implemented continually, or at predetermined intervals of time, or before starting charging the smart battery system 4. It fully depends on the task such smart battery system 4 is aimed to perform. The frequency and the time points when such balancing of the smart battery system is performed should be defined by experts.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a smart battery unit, a smart battery system adopted to keep a plurality of smart battery units balanced, and a method of a smart battery system balancing. The smart battery unit comprises at least one battery cell equipped with at least one cell node. According to the present invention the at least one cell node is adopted to perform at least the following functions: measuring at least one parameter of the at least one battery cell, evaluating an actual battery unit state which comprises at least one actual battery cell state of the at least one battery cell of the smart battery unit evaluated based on measured parameter, sending data, which comprises information about the measured parameters and/or the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit, receiving data, which comprises information about measured parameters of other smart battery units and/or actual battery unit states of other smart battery units, evaluating an actual battery unit state of the other smart battery units based on the received data, defining a targeted battery unit state, which comprises at least one targeted battery cell state of the at least one battery cell defined based on the evaluated actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit and the received data, adjusting the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit to the defined targeted battery smart unit state by bringing each battery cell of the smart battery unit to the defined targeted battery cell state of the respective battery cell of the smart battery unit.

Description

SMART BATTERY SYSTEM AND METHOD OF SMART BATTERY SYSTEM
BALANCING
The present invention generally relates to battery management, in particular to battery balancing and more particularly related to a battery system that is adopted to bring itself to balanced condition. Also this invention relates to a method of battery balancing.
The use of electrochemical energy storage units is becoming more common, and they are subject to new requirements for increasing the uptime of electrical supply for power equipment. In some cases, battery systems, or batteries serve as the main electric power unit working under electric load and on the electric drive of the vehicle.
When creating high-capacity battery systems through connecting some battery cells in series and/or parallel circuits, there are a number of side effects caused by variations of the parameters of the elements. In a multicell battery system, which is commonly used in laptop computers and medical equipment, placing battery cells in series opens up the possibility of battery cell imbalance, a slower but persistent degradation of the battery system in whole. No two battery cells are identical. There are always slight differences in the state of charge (SOC) , self-discharge rate, capacity, impedance, and temperature characteristics, even for battery cells that are the same model from the same manufacturer and even from the same batch of production.
When building such multicell battery systems, manufacturers usually sort battery cells with similar SOCs by voltage. However, variations in an individual battery cell's impedance, capacity, and self-discharge rate can still lead to divergence in its voltage over time. Since most battery chargers detect full charge by checking whether the voltage of the entire string of battery cells has reached the voltage-regulation point, individual battery cell voltages can vary as long as they do not exceed the limits for overvoltage (OV) protection. However, weak battery cells - e.g., battery cells with lower capacity or higher internal impedance - tend to exhibit higher voltage than the rest of the other battery cells of the battery system at full charge termination. These battery cells are weakened further by continuous overcharge cycles. The higher voltage of weak battery cells at charge completion causes accelerated capacity degradation.
On the other hand, in discharge, the weak battery cells tend to have lower voltage than the other battery cells, due to either higher internal resistance or the faster rate of discharge that results from their smaller capacity. This means that if any of the weak battery cells hits the battery cell undervoltage-protection limit while the battery system voltage is still sufficient to power the system, the full capacity of the battery system will not be used.
The impact of battery cell imbalance on run-time performance and battery system life in applications using series- connected battery cells is certainly undesirable.
The fundamental solution of cell balancing equalizes the voltage and SOC among the cells when they are at full charge.
Cell balancing is usually categorized into two types passive and active. The passive cell -balancing method, also known as "resistor bleeding balancing, " is simple and straightforward: discharge the cells that need balancing through a dissipative bypass route. This bypass can be either integrated or external to the integrated circuit. Such an approach is favorable in low-cost system applications. The fact that 100% of the excess energy from a higher energy cell is dissipated as heat makes the passive method less preferable to use during discharge because of the obvious impact on battery run time. Active cell balancing, which utilizes capacitive or inductive charge shuttling to transfer charge between battery cells, is significantly more efficient because energy is transferred to where it is needed instead of being bled off. Of course, the trade-off for this improved efficiency is the need for additional components at higher cost . Multiple approaches exist how to balance battery cells in a battery system, and this function is one of primary ones for battery management systems (BMS) , that are used to manage a rechargeable battery systems. In general, BMS performs a set of function such as protecting the battery systems from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state, calculating secondary data, reporting that data, controlling its environment, authenticating and balancing as well .
It typically consists of several functional blocks, including cutoff field-effect transmitters (FETs) , fuel-gauge monitor, cell-voltage monitor, cell-voltage balance, real-time clock, temperature monitors, and a state machine that are managed by a central controller of the BMS. The central controller polls the battery cells of the battery system and centrally chooses balancing point (value of SOC that all the battery cells have to be balanced) . However the presence of such external controller diminished reliability of a battery system as a whole .
The obvious need is to monitor and balance battery system that comprises a plurality of battery cells connecting in series and / or in parallel circuits, in decentralized fashion. In addition to that task is to define the balancing state of the battery which the system should be brought to.
Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide battery systems that are able to be balanced and a way how to balance such battery system. Therefore, the reliability and efficiency of such battery system are increased.
The object of the present invention is achieved by a smart battery unit as defined in claim 1, by a smart battery system as defined in claim 4 and by a method of a smart battery system balancing as defined in claim 8. Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are provided in dependent claims. Features of claims 1, 4, 8 can be combined with features of dependent claims, and features of dependent claims can be combined together. In an aspect of the present invention, a smart battery unit is presented. The smart battery unit comprises at least one battery cell equipped with at least one cell node. According to the present invention the at least one cell node is adopted to perform at least the following functions:
measuring at least one parameter of the at least one battery cell,
evaluating an actual battery unit state which comprises at least one actual battery cell state of the at least one battery cell of the smart battery unit evaluated based on measured parameter,
sending data, which comprises information about the measured parameters and / or the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit,
receiving data, which comprises information about measured parameters of other smart battery units and / or actual battery unit states of other smart battery units,
evaluating an actual battery unit state of the other smart battery units based on the received data,
defining a targeted battery unit state, which comprises at least one targeted battery cell state of the at least 1 one battery cell defined based on the evaluated actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit and the received data, adjusting the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit to the defined targeted battery smart unit state by bringing each battery cell of the smart battery unit to the defined targeted battery cell state of the respective battery cell of the smart battery unit.
In other aspect of the present invention a smart battery system adopted to keep a plurality of smart battery units balanced is presented.
The smart battery system comprises plurality of the smart battery units according to any of claims 1 to 3. Furthermore, each cell node of the respective smart battery unit defines the targeted battery unit state of the respective smart battery unit using the same method of defining a targeted battery state for all smart battery units of the smart battery system.
In other aspect of the present invention a method of smart battery system balancing is presented. According to the present invention, the smart battery system is a smart battery system according to any of claims 4 to 7. The method of balancing of the smart battery system comprises the following steps.
In the beginning at least one parameter of each smart battery unit is measured. Further based on measured parameters, an actual battery unit state of each smart battery unit of the smart battery system is evaluated.
Then smart battery units of the smart battery systems exchange between each other data which comprises information about the measured parameters of the each smart battery unit of the smart battery system and / or the actual battery unit states of the smart battery units .
As soon as the exchange of data between the smart battery units of the smart battery system happened the targeted battery system state of the smart battery system is defined. The defined targeted battery system state of the smart battery system comprises targeted battery unit states for each smart battery unit defined based on the measured parameters of each smart battery unit (1) and / or actual battery unit states of each smart battery unit of the smart battery system.
After that the actual battery system state of the smart battery system is adjusted to the defined targeted battery system state by bringing each smart battery unit of the smart battery system to the respective targeted battery unit state.
The present invention is based on the insight that the combination of a battery cell together with a cell node that is adopted to perform all above mentioned features makes the battery unit - the battery cell plus the cell node - smart. I.e. such smart battery unit is able to measure parameters of the battery cell itself and ambient parameters, evaluate its own battery cell state in each point of time, and by receiving the data related to measured parameters of other battery cells and / or to the battery states of the other battery cells and the other battery units to define the targeted battery cell state.
Being connected to each other such smart battery units form a smart battery system that is able to come to the coherent global view of itself to define the targeted battery system state .
Such smart battery system is able to bring the battery cells of the smart battery system to the state to rich the targeted battery system state. Taking into account that a balanced battery system is one in which at some point of its cycle, all battery cells / units are at exactly the same state, it means that such smart battery system is able to keep itself balanced, but without involving a centralized controller.
Thus, the present invention is proposed to provide a new smart battery unit, a new smart battery system and a new method of balancing a smart battery system.
Further embodiments of the present invention are subject of the further sub-claims and of the following description, referring to the drawings.
In a possible embodiment of the smart battery unit the at least one evaluated battery cell state of the at least one battery cell of the smart battery unit is the state of charge .
State of charge (SOC) is the equivalent of a fuel gauge for the battery system. The units of SOC are percentage points (0% = empty; 100% = full) . State of charge is normally used when discussing the current state of a battery in use.
Many applications require knowledge of the state of charge of the battery or of the individual cells in the battery chain. Usually, the state of charge cannot be measured directly but it can be estimated from direct measurement variables in two ways: offline and online. The methods of evaluating the state of the charge are well-known. In general, there are five methods to determine SOC indirectly: chemical, voltage, current integration, Kalman filtering and pressure.
This feature allows balancing the battery unit by total available energy. In addition to that, information about state of charge can be used for other purposes and by other applications .
In other possible embodiment of the smart battery unit the at least one cell node is adopted to be integrated in blockchain network .
A blockchain network is decentralized, distributed and public digital ledger that is used to record transactions across many computers / nodes so that the record cannot be altered retroactively without the alteration of all subsequent blocks and the collusion of the network. This allows the participants to verify and audit transactions inexpensively. A blockchain database is managed autonomously using a peer-to-peer network and a distributed timestamping server.
This feature allows the smart battery unit to be integrated into the blockchain network, and therefore to participate in the blockchain-based exchange of data that usually can be completed more quickly, more safely and more cheaply than with traditional systems.
In enhanced embodiment of the smart battery system at least one smart battery unit of the smart battery system is a master smart battery unit. According to the present invention, the targeted battery unit state for each smart battery unit of the smart battery system is evaluated by the master smart battery unit .
This feature allows making centralized calculations / evaluation of the targeted battery unit state for each smart battery unit in centralized manner, while managing of each particular battery cell of the smart battery unit are performed individually by each battery node . In enhanced embodiment of the smart battery system the at least one cell node of the master smart battery unit is adopted to send the data which comprise the information about the defined targeted battery unit state.
These features can be helpful in case of failure of smart battery units in defining the targeted battery unit state.
In enhanced embodiment of the smart battery system the cell nodes of the plurality of the smart battery units of the smart battery system are connected with each other in such way that they are integrated into a blockchain network.
As it was described above blockchains are secure by design and exemplify a distributed computing system with high Byzantine fault tolerance. Decentralized consensus can therefore be achieved with a blockchain.
By storing data across its peer-to-peer network, the blockchain eliminates a number of risks that come with data being held centrally. The decentralized blockchain may use ad-hoc message passing and distributed networking.
Taking this features of blockchain the task of balancing the battery systems in decentralized fashion is solved in secure and reliable way.
In possible embodiment of the method of a smart battery system balancing the smart battery units are integrated into blockchain network, and the calculation of the targeted battery system state is performed decentralized by each smart battery unit.
Blockchain network guarantees the reliability and safety of calculation. In addition to that uncontrolled failure of any of smart battery unit does not affect the performance of the whole smart battery system. In enhanced embodiment of the method within the step of adjusting the actual battery system state of the smart battery system (4) to the defined targeted battery system state, the smart battery units define how to reallocate the charge of each smart battery unit between the plurality of smart battery units of the smart battery system to keep the smart battery system balanced.
This feature allows optimizing resources to be used for balancing the smart battery system. In some cases balancing of the smart battery system can be performed without using external resources. Such balancing, which utilizes capacitive or inductive charge shuttling to transfer charge between battery units / cells, is significantly more efficient because energy is transferred to where it is needed instead of being bled off.
For more complete understanding of the present invention and advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following description taken in accompanying drawings . The invention is explained in more details below using exemplary embodiments which are specified in the schematic figures of the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the smart battery unit in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the smart battery unit in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the smart battery system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the method of smart battery system balancing in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the method of smart battery system balancing in accordance with the present invention;
Various embodiments are described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purpose of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be noted that the illustrated embodiments are intended to explain, and not to limit the invention. It may be evident that such embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.
FIG 1 illustrates a smart battery unit 1 that comprises at least one battery cell 2 equipped with the at least one cell node 3.
The at least cell node 3 can be placed on the battery cell 2 as it is shown on FIG 1 or can be located outside of the battery cell, but connected to the battery cell 2 as it is shown on FIG 2.
The smart battery unit 1 can comprise a plurality of the battery cells 2 that are equipped with one cell node 3. Furthermore the plurality of the battery cells 2 can be in series and / or in parallel circuits.
Alternatively it can comprise the battery cell 2 equipped with a plurality of the cell nodes 3.
Also the battery unit 1 can comprise a plurality of battery cells 2 equipped with a plurality of cell nodes 3. At the same time the number of the battery cells 2 and cell nodes 3 can be different in such battery unit 1.
The number of battery cells 2 and cell nodes 3 in the smart battery unit 1 depends on a task it should solve and is defined by experts.
The at least one cell node can be, for example, a computer, a CPU, a controller, a processor, etc.
In accordance with the present invention the at least one cell node 3 is adopted to perform the following functions .
The at least one cell node 3 of the battery unit 1 is adopted to measure at least one parameter of the at least one battery cell 2. Such measured parameters can be parameters of the battery cell 2 itself and / ambient parameters. For example, parameters related to the battery cell 2 itself can be current passing through the respective battery cell 2, voltage on the battery cell 2, temperature of the battery cell 2, potential difference on the battery cell 2, capacity, impedance, discharge rate, internal resistance, etc. For example, ambient parameters measured can be ambient temperature, humidity, pressure.
Another function the at least one cell node 3 of the battery unit 1 is adopted to perform is to evaluate an actual battery unit state, wherein the actual battery unit state comprises at least one actual battery cell state of the at least one battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1 evaluated based on measured parameter.
In fact the at least one cell node 3 of the battery unit 1 is adopted to evaluate an actual battery unit state of other battery units in case data which comprises information about measured parameters of other smart battery units are available .
Different states can be evaluated based on the measured parameters. For example, typically such states can be state of charge (SOC) , depth of discharge (DOD) , state of health (SOH) , etc. However the states that involve ambient parameters can be evaluated.
These battery states are well known as well as their methods of evaluation. For example, state of charge cannot be measured directly but it can be estimated from direct measurement variables in two ways: offline and online. In offline techniques, the battery cells desires to be charged and discharged in constant rate such as Coulomb-counting. This method gives precise estimation of battery state of charge. In general there are five methods to determine State of charge indirectly: chemical; voltage; current integration; Kalman filtering; pressure.
In case the smart battery unit 1 comprises plurality of the battery cells 2, the at least one cell node 3 is adopted to evaluate the at least one battery cell state of each battery cell 2 and / or of the plurality of the battery cells 2 in whole .
Another function the at least one cell node 3 of the battery unit 1 is adopted to perform is to send data, which comprises information about the measured parameters and / or the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1. The at least one cell node can send such data to other cell nodes 2 of the other smart battery units 1 and / or other outside information systems.
The information systems can be, for example, battery management systems of other battery systems, and / or just information systems that are not connected to batteries, but where some data are kept .
In addition to that the at least one cell node 3 is adopted to receive data which comprises information about measured parameters of other smart battery cells and / or actual battery unit states of other smart battery cells. Such data can be received from the other smart battery units and / or from outside information systems, for example, from battery managements systems of other battery systems.
The key feature is that the smart battery cell unit 1 due to availability of cell node 3 is able to exchange data which comprises information about measured parameters, and actual battery unit states with other smart battery units 1 and / or with the outside information systems.
In addition to that the cell node 3 is adopted to evaluate an actual battery unit state of the other smart battery units based on the received data.
Moreover the cell node 3 is adopted to define a targeted battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1. Such targeted battery unit state of the smart battery unit comprises at least one targeted battery cell state of the at least one battery cell 2 defined based on the measured parameters, the evaluated actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1, and the received data. Targeted battery cell states for different battery cells 2 of the same smart battery unit 1 can differ from each other. It can be connected with individual characteristics of particular battery cell 2, for example, with rate of self- discharge of the battery cells: the more rate of self- discharge the more the battery cell 2 should be charged to keep the smart unit 1 as the whole in balanced condition.
Based on the defined targeted battery unit state of the battery cell 2 of the particular smart battery unit 1, the cell node 3 is adopted to adjust the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1 to the defined targeted battery smart unit state by bringing each battery cell 2 to the defined targeted battery cell state of the respective battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1.
In enhanced embodiment the cell node 3 is adopted to be integrated in blockchain network.
In case the smart battery unit 1 comprises plurality of the cell nodes 3 as it was described above, each of them can perform all function, or each of them can perform at least one of the functions described above, and / or a set of such functions .
In fact some functions can be repeated by plurality of the cell nodes 3 of the smart battery unit 1. The main issue is that all functions described above are performed for the battery cells 2 of the smart battery unit 1.
Further the example of how the smart battery unit 1 that comprises one battery cell 2 equipped with one cell node 3 (for simplicity) works is described.
The cell node 3 of the smart battery unit 1 measures at least one parameter of the battery cell 2. Such measurement can be performed by the cell node 3 itself, or such cell node 3 can be equipped and / or connected to the at least one sensor to perform respective measurements. Such measurements can be performed in one step or on regular basis . Then the cell node 3 evaluates an actual battery unit state which comprises an actual battery cell state of the battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1 evaluated based on measured parameter.
Potentially the cell node 3 can evaluate a plurality of the battery cell states of the battery cell 2. In preferable case at least one actual battery cell should be evaluated for each battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1 to provide understanding of the state of each battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit .
Alternatively, the cell node can evaluate an actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit as whole.
After that the cell node 3 sends data which comprises information about the measured parameters and / or the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1 it equipped with.
In fact the data which comprises information about the measured parameters can be sent immediately as soon as required parameters measured. Later as soon as the actual battery unit state is evaluated the further data which comprises the information about the actual battery unit state can be sent. The goal of sending such data out is to allow other battery units and / or battery systems to get balanced with the smart battery unit 1.
Also the cell node 3 receives the data which comprises information about measured parameters of another smart battery units and / or actual battery unit states of other smart battery units. Also the cell node 3 can receive the data that already comprises information about the targeted battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1 should achieve to be balanced.
In preferable case the cell node 3 should receive such data related to all other smart battery units the smart battery unit 1 should be balanced with.
Such receiving and sending data as described above can occur simultaneously or consistently, in a set order or arbitrary order. Also it can be performed by using a blockchain network .
As soon as data which comprises information about measured parameters of another smart battery cells and / or actual battery unit states of other smart battery units is received, the cell node 3 evaluates an actual battery unit state of the other smart battery units based on the received data.
In preferable case the at least one actual battery unit state of the other smart battery units evaluated by the at least one cell node 3 should be the same as it is evaluated for the particular smart battery unit 1, but only for the other smart battery units with which the particular smart battery unit should be brought in balance .
After that the cell node 3 defines a targeted battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1. The targeted battery unit state comprises at least one targeted battery cell state of the at least one battery cell 2 defined based on the evaluated actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1, and the received data.
In enhanced embodiment the cell node 3 is adopted to define targeted battery unit state not only for itself, but for other smart battery units the data about which it has received.
As soon as the targeted battery unit state of the smart battery unit 1 is defined, the cell node 3 launches activity to bring the actual battery unit state to the targeted battery unit state. It is achieved by bringing each battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1 to the defined targeted battery cell state of the respective battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1.
Such adjustment can be achieved by different know method: the at least one battery cell can be discharged or charged till the required level, and / or the ambient parameters can be changed, or the at least one battery cell can be kept in the state as is. Adjustment can be performed by using different methods of balancing (passive and / or active) and / or by adjusting the ambient parameters. Other apparatuses / elements, such as, for example, resistors, can be involved in this process and / or can be managed by the cell node 3 to reach required targeted battery unit state.
The smart battery unit 1 can be considered as a balanced one with the other smart battery units and / or battery systems it received data from as soon as the actual state of the smart battery unit 1 equals the targeted battery unit state.
The FIG 3 shows a smart battery system 4 that is adopted to keep a plurality of smart battery units 1 balanced. The smart battery system 4 comprises plurality of the smart battery units 1, 1' according to any of claims 1 to 3. All mentioned above about a smart battery unit 1, 1' is applied to the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4.
The plurality of the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 can be connected to each other in different way, for example smart battery units 1, 1' can be connect in parallel circuit, or sequential, or in combined way - some smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 in parallel and some smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 sequential.
In fact the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 can be without any direct electrical and / or mechanical connection to each other, but still due to some reasons established by experts these smart battery units 1, 1' belongs to the smart battery system 4 and should be balanced to each other.
"Smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 should be balanced" means that from time to time all smart battery units 1, 1' of the same smart battery system 4 should be brought to the state where the state of the whole smart battery system 4 equals the targeted battery system state.
In accordance with the present invention each cell node 3 of the respective smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 uses the same method for defining a targeted battery state for all smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4.
Taking into account of all functions the smart units 1, 1' possess (that are described above) including the ability to be integrated into a blockchain network, cell nodes 3 of the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 can come into the agreement between each other about what state of each particular battery cell 2 of the each smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 should be to keep the smart battery system 4 in the optimal condition, including from the point of view of charge of each particular battery cell 2.
Being integrated into a blockchain network means that a plurality of cell nodes 3 are interconnected with each other and configured to host a blockchain, wherein the blockchain is a distributed consensus-based database configured to store a plurality of transactions; and act as a distributed virtual machine configured to Distributed virtual machine
One example for a blockchain is a private Ethereum blockchain and one example for a distributed virtual machine is an Ethereum Virtual Machine of the private Ethereum blockchain.
The plurality of cell nodes 3 may be connected with each other and / or with other battery systems and / or outside information systems using any type of wired or wireless physical connection, such as for example, Ethernet, Fieldbus, EtherCT, Wi-fi, Bluetooth, a cellular data link. The plurality of cell nodes 3 may be connected between each other in any topology, such as a star topology, a line topology, a mesh topology or a random topology, wherein the mesh topology is preferred.
The plurality of cell nodes 3 may be configured to communicate in a peer-to-peer manner, wherein each node is aware of how to reach at least one further cell node 3, but may not be aware of how to reach all of the plurality of cell nodes 3.
Each node may comprise a CPU, memory and storage (not shown) and execute a blockchain cell node software. In enhanced embodiment at least one smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 is a master smart battery unit 1', and the targeted battery unit state for each smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 is defined by the master smart battery unit 1' .
Furthermore the at least one cell node of the master smart battery unit 1 is adopted to send the data which comprise the information about the defined targeted battery unit state to other smart battery units 1 of the smart battery system 4 and / or to outside information system.
The work of the smart battery system 4 described below in the part devoted to a method of balancing of a smart battery system 4.
A method 100 of balancing of a smart battery system 4 will be now described by reference to the steps illustrate in FIG 4 and the smart battery system 4 shown in FIG 3. The method 100 is applied to the smart battery system 4 that was described above .
In step 101, the at least one parameter of each smart battery unit 1, 1' is measured. In fact the at least one parameter of the at least one battery cell 2 of each smart battery unit 1, 1' should be measured. In preferable case the at least one parameter of each battery cell 2 of each smart battery unit 1, 1' should be measured. The parameters that may be measured are described above .
Such parameters can be measured by the cell node 3 of the respective smart battery unit 1, 1 , by a sensor that is located in the cell node 3 or by a remote sensor (not shown) connected with the battery cell 2 and the cell node 3.
In step 102, an actual battery unit state of each smart battery unit 1, 1 based on measured parameters is evaluated. In fact a plurality of battery cell states of each smart battery unit 1, 1' based on measured parameters may be evaluated. It may be a plurality of battery cell states for the same battery unit 1, 1' , and /or a plurality of battery cell states for the respective battery unit 1 that comprises a plurality of battery cells 2. In preferable case the at least one battery cell state should be evaluated for each battery cell 2 of every smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4.
Potentially each cell node 3 of each smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 may have its own algorithm / method of evaluating the particular actual battery unit state which considers features and characteristics of the particular battery cell 2 (or battery cells 2) of the particular smart battery unit 1, 1' .
In step 103, the exchange of data between the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 should occur. Wherein the exchanged data comprises information about the measured parameters of the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 and / or the evaluated actual battery unit states of the smart battery units 1, 1' . Also such data may be sent to external outside information systems, for example to battery management system of the particular smart battery system, and / or to other information system where the data related to the smart battery system 4 is kept and processed.
Such exchange of data between the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 means sending and receiving the respective data to each other. In preferable case result of such exchange is that every smart battery unit 1, 1' possess the same set of data which comprises information about the measured the measured parameters of the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 and / or the evaluated actual battery unit states of the smart battery units 1, 1'
Such data may be sent using any type of wired or wireless physical connection, such as for example, Ethernet, Fieldbus, EtherCAT, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, a cellular data link.
Also such exchange of the information within the step 103 can be performed with using blockchain technology in case the smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system are integrated into blockchain network.
It should be noted that it is enough for the method if each cell node 3 of the smart battery system 4 receives information at least about measured parameters of the other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4. Since having information about measured parameters of the other smart battery units 1 , 1' the cell node 3 will be able to evaluate the actual battery unit state of the other respective smart battery units 1 by itself.
On the other hand potentially each cell node 3 of each smart battery unit 1 may have its own algorithm of evaluating the respective battery unit state based on the measured parameters that takes into the consideration the particular features and characteristics of the particular battery cell / or battery cells 2 of the respective smart battery unit 1, 1' . In such case it is preferably to arrange exchange of data which comprises information about the evaluated battery unit state within the steps 103, but not the measured parameters.
In fact each cell node 3 of each smart battery unit 1, 1' should receive data which comprise information about the measured parameters of at least one other smart battery units 1, 1' and / or the evaluated battery unit states of at least one other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4. This will allow at least these two smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 get balanced.
In preferable case each cell node 3 should receive data which comprise information about the measured parameters and / or the evaluated actual battery unit states of all other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4. It will allow bringing all cell nodes 3 of the smart battery system 4 to the consensus about the targeted battery system state of the smart battery system 4 within the step 105.
Also the data which comprise information about the measured parameters of at least one other smart battery units 1, 1' and / or the evaluated actual battery unit states of at least one other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 can be received from an outside information system, for example from the battery management system.
In fact the step of evaluating 102 an actual battery unit state of each smart battery unit 1, 1' and the step of exchanging 103 data between the smart battery units 1, 1' can be performed simultaneously as shown on FIG 5. Since potentially each cell node 3 can evaluate the actual battery unit state of other smart battery unit 1, 1' as soon as it receives the data which comprises information about measured parameters of the respective smart battery unit 1, 1' .
Alternatively the step of exchanging 103 data which comprises information about measured parameters can be performed first, and after that within the step 102 the actual battery unit states of each smart battery unit 1, 1' are evaluated.
As a result of steps 102 and 103 should be that each smart battery unit 1, 1' possesses information about its own actual battery unit state and about the actual battery unit state of other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system
4.
In step 104, a targeted battery system state of the smart battery system of the smart battery system 4 can be defined.
Wherein the defined targeted battery system state of the smart battery system 4 comprises targeted battery unit states for each smart battery unit 1, 1' defined based
on the measured parameters of each smart battery unit 1, 1' and / or
actual battery unit states of each smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4
such that in case all smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 are brought to the respective targeted battery unit state, the whole smart battery system 4 will be balanced.
Taking into account just said above the targeted battery unit states of smart battery units 1, 1' can differ from each other, but can be the same for all smart battery units. It is fully depends on features and characteristics of the particular battery cell 2 / battery cells 2 of the particular smart battery unit 1, 1' .
All smart battery units 1, 1' can be integrated into blockchain network that allows all cell nodes 3 coming to consensus what battery cell state of each battery cell 2 of the smart battery unit 1, 1' should be to get the smart battery system 4 in whole got balanced.
In other word knowing about the features and characteristics of other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 and ambient parameters of other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4, each cell node 3 of the smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 is able to define the targeted battery unit state of the respective smart battery unit 1, 1' to get a whole smart battery system 4 balanced.
Defining of the targeted battery system state can be performed by each smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4. Alternatively, in case at least one smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 is a master smart battery unit 1', such calculations can be performed by the master smart battery unit centrally, and then sent to the respective smart battery units.
Master smart battery unit 1' among other smart battery units 1, 1' of the smart battery system can be defined arbitrary, or by experts .
In step 105, as soon as the targeted battery system state of the smart battery system 4 is defined, the smart battery system 4 should be brought to this defined targeted battery system state by adjusting the state of each smart battery unit 1, 1' to the respective targeted battery unit state.
Such adjustment can be reached by different ways, for example by dissipating the charge (passive method of balancing) or by reallocating the charge of each unit 2 between the plurality of smart battery units 2 of the smart battery system 4. In enhanced embodiment within the step 105, the smart battery units 1, 1' come to consensus how the charge of each smart battery unit 1, 1' of the smart battery system 4 should be reallocated to keep the smart battery system 4 balanced.
Such adjustments can be performed also by involving other apparatuses and components (not shown) like resistors and etc . Methods how to bring the particular battery to the particular battery state, for example, to the required voltage are well known (they were described above) .
It should be noted that such method for balancing the smart battery system 4 may be implemented continually, or at predetermined intervals of time, or before starting charging the smart battery system 4. It fully depends on the task such smart battery system 4 is aimed to perform. The frequency and the time points when such balancing of the smart battery system is performed should be defined by experts.
While the present invention has been described in detail with the reference to certain embodiments, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to those precise embodiments. Rather, in view of the present disclosure which describes exemplary modes for practicing the invention, many modifications and variations would present themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the following claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes, modifications, and variations coming within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be considered within their scope.
Reference numerals
1, 1' - smart battery unit 2 - battery cell
3 - cell node
4 - smart battery system 100 - 105 method steps

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS
1. A smart battery unit (1) comprises at least one battery cell (2) equipped with at least one cell node (3) , wherein the at least one cell node (3) is adopted:
to measure at least one parameter of the at least one battery cell (2) ,
to evaluate an actual battery unit state which comprises at least one actual battery cell state of the at least one battery cell (2) of the smart battery unit (1) evaluated based on measured parameter,
to send data, which comprises information about the measured parameters and / or the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit (1) ,
to receive data, which comprises information about measured parameters of other smart battery units and / or actual battery unit states of other smart battery units,
to evaluate an actual battery unit state of the other smart battery units based on the received data,
to define a targeted battery unit state, which comprises at least one targeted battery cell state of the at least one battery cell (2) defined based on
the evaluated actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit (1) , and the received data,
to adjust the actual battery unit state of the smart battery unit (1) to the defined targeted battery smart unit state by bringing each battery cell (2) of the smart battery unit (1) to the defined targeted battery cell state of the respective battery cell (2) of the smart battery unit (1) .
2. The smart battery unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one evaluated battery cell state of the at least one battery cell (2) of the smart battery unit (1) is the state of charge.
3. The smart battery unit (1) according to any of claims 1 to 2, wherein the at least one cell node (3) is adopted to be integrated in blockchain network.
4. A smart battery system (4) adopted to keep a plurality of smart battery units (1, 1') balanced, the smart battery system (4) comprises plurality of the smart battery units (1, 1' ) according to any of claims 1 to 3 ,
wherein each cell node (3) of the respective smart battery unit (1, 1' ) defines the targeted battery unit state of the respective smart battery unit (1, 1' ) using the same method of defining a targeted battery state for all smart battery units (1, 1' ) of the smart battery system (4) .
5. The smart battery system (4) according to claim 4
wherein at least one smart battery unit (1, 1') of the smart battery system (4) is a master smart battery unit (1')/ wherein the targeted battery unit state for each smart battery unit (1, 1') of the smart battery system (4) is defined by the master smart battery unit (I') .
6. The smart battery system (4) according to claim 5, wherein the at least one cell node of the master smart battery unit (1') is adopted to send the data which comprise the information about the defined targeted battery unit state.
7. The smart battery system (4) according to any of claims 4 to 6, wherein the cell nodes (3) of the plurality ‘of the smart battery units (1) of the smart battery system (4) are connected with each other in such way that they are integrated into a blockchain network.
8. A method of smart battery system balancing (100), wherein the smart battery system (4) is a smart battery system according to any of claims 4 to 7, the method comprising the following steps
a step of measuring (101) at least one parameter of each smart battery unit (1, 1');
a step of evaluating (102) an actual battery unit state of each smart battery unit (1, 1') based on measured parame ters ; a step of exchanging (103) data between the smart battery- units (1, 1') of the smart battery system (4), wherein the exchanged data comprises information about
the measured parameters of the smart battery units (1, 1') of the smart battery system (4) and / or
the actual battery unit states of the smart battery units (1, 1' ) ;
a step of defining (104) a targeted battery system state of the smart battery system (4) , wherein the defined target ed battery system state of the smart battery system (4) com prises targeted battery unit states for each smart battery unit (1, 1') defined based on the measured parameters of each smart battery unit (1, 1') and / or actual battery unit states of each smart battery unit (1, 1') of the smart bat tery system (4) ,
a step of adjusting (105) the actual battery system state of the smart battery system (4) to the defined targeted battery system state by bringing each smart battery unit (1, 1') of the smart battery system (4) to the respective targeted battery unit state.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein
the smart battery units (1, 1') of the smart battery system (4) are integrated into blockchain network, and
the step (104) of defining the targeted battery system state is performed by each smart battery unit (1, 1') of the smart battery system (4) .
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein within the step (105) of adjusting the actual battery system state of the smart battery system (4) to the defined targeted battery system state
the smart battery units (1, 1' ) define how to reallocate the charge of each smart battery unit (1, 1' ) between the plurality of smart battery units (1, 1' ) of the smart battery system (4) to keep the smart battery system (4) balanced.
PCT/RU2018/000372 2018-06-06 2018-06-06 Smart battery system and method of smart battery system balancing Ceased WO2019235956A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2018/000372 WO2019235956A1 (en) 2018-06-06 2018-06-06 Smart battery system and method of smart battery system balancing

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/RU2018/000372 WO2019235956A1 (en) 2018-06-06 2018-06-06 Smart battery system and method of smart battery system balancing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019235956A1 true WO2019235956A1 (en) 2019-12-12

Family

ID=63080451

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/RU2018/000372 Ceased WO2019235956A1 (en) 2018-06-06 2018-06-06 Smart battery system and method of smart battery system balancing

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2019235956A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024058309A1 (en) * 2022-09-14 2024-03-21 주식회사 부명 Battery module comprising battery management system capable of history management

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120242144A1 (en) * 2011-03-24 2012-09-27 Ford Global Technologies Llc Vehicle battery cell with integral control circuit
US20130002016A1 (en) * 2010-10-19 2013-01-03 Kimihiko Furukawa Power source apparatus, vehicle and power storage system using the power source apparatus
US20160190830A1 (en) * 2014-12-31 2016-06-30 Meridian Desigh, Inc. Systems and methods for performing battery management
US9559529B1 (en) * 2011-07-28 2017-01-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration Modular battery controller

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130002016A1 (en) * 2010-10-19 2013-01-03 Kimihiko Furukawa Power source apparatus, vehicle and power storage system using the power source apparatus
US20120242144A1 (en) * 2011-03-24 2012-09-27 Ford Global Technologies Llc Vehicle battery cell with integral control circuit
US9559529B1 (en) * 2011-07-28 2017-01-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration Modular battery controller
US20160190830A1 (en) * 2014-12-31 2016-06-30 Meridian Desigh, Inc. Systems and methods for performing battery management

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024058309A1 (en) * 2022-09-14 2024-03-21 주식회사 부명 Battery module comprising battery management system capable of history management

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR102335296B1 (en) Wireless Network based Battery Management System
US11811247B2 (en) Method and system for dual equilibrium battery and battery pack performance management
KR101835575B1 (en) Dynamically reconfigurable framework for a large-scale battery system
US20170170449A1 (en) System and method for a dynamically configurable power distribution control and management system
CN103563210B (en) Power storage system including modular BMS connection structure and control method thereof
CN105629172B (en) A kind of method and device of mixing accumulator fault detection
CN104813182B (en) The steady state detection of abnormal charge event in the cell device being connected in series
US10110029B2 (en) Method for controlling server device, and server device
CN101621130A (en) Storage battery pack management system and method and storage battery pack charging management system and method
WO2018214266A1 (en) Battery pack peak power estimation method, device, and system
CN106463789A (en) Battery condition determination
CN110244238A (en) Battery health state detection method, system and computer readable storage medium
CN112186275A (en) BMS system based on high in clouds
CN104823351A (en) Response to detection of overdischarge event in series connected battery element
CN114024349A (en) Balanced protection control method for series-parallel combined battery cluster
CN113824183A (en) A supercapacitor-based energy storage unit
KR20230093475A (en) Power battery charging method and battery management system
CN201466766U (en) Battery pack management system and battery pack charge management system
CN114325394A (en) Method, system, device and medium for estimating SOC of battery stack
WO2019235956A1 (en) Smart battery system and method of smart battery system balancing
CN111983488B (en) A battery management system and its voltage signal processing method
WO2018157534A1 (en) Balancing method and device for energy storage battery management system and energy storage battery management system
JPWO2023171010A5 (en)
WO2008092343A1 (en) Battery charging method and device
US20240332645A1 (en) Methods of master battery unit and module battery unit management, and battery system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18749598

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18749598

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1