WO2019229593A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019229593A1 WO2019229593A1 PCT/IB2019/054254 IB2019054254W WO2019229593A1 WO 2019229593 A1 WO2019229593 A1 WO 2019229593A1 IB 2019054254 W IB2019054254 W IB 2019054254W WO 2019229593 A1 WO2019229593 A1 WO 2019229593A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C7/00—Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C7/10—Input/output [I/O] data interface arrangements, e.g. I/O data control circuits, I/O data buffers
- G11C7/1006—Data managing, e.g. manipulating data before writing or reading out, data bus switches or control circuits therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
- G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
- G11C11/40—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
- G11C11/401—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells
- G11C11/403—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells with charge regeneration common to a multiplicity of memory cells, i.e. external refresh
- G11C11/405—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells with charge regeneration common to a multiplicity of memory cells, i.e. external refresh with three charge-transfer gates, e.g. MOS transistors, per cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
- G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
- G11C11/40—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
- G11C11/401—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells
- G11C11/4063—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing
- G11C11/407—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing for memory cells of the field-effect type
- G11C11/4074—Power supply or voltage generation circuits, e.g. bias voltage generators, substrate voltage generators, back-up power, power control circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
- G11C11/34—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices
- G11C11/40—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors
- G11C11/401—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using semiconductor devices using transistors forming cells needing refreshing or charge regeneration, i.e. dynamic cells
- G11C11/4063—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing
- G11C11/407—Auxiliary circuits, e.g. for addressing, decoding, driving, writing, sensing or timing for memory cells of the field-effect type
- G11C11/409—Read-write [R-W] circuits
- G11C11/4096—Input/output [I/O] data management or control circuits, e.g. reading or writing circuits, I/O drivers or bit-line switches
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/54—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using elements simulating biological cells, e.g. neuron
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C7/00—Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C7/04—Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store with means for avoiding disturbances due to temperature effects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
- H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
- H03K3/353—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of field-effect transistors with internal or external positive feedback
- H03K3/356—Bistable circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
- H10B12/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10B12/02—Manufacture or treatment for one transistor one-capacitor [1T-1C] memory cells
- H10B12/03—Making the capacitor or connections thereto
- H10B12/033—Making the capacitor or connections thereto the capacitor extending over the transistor
- H10B12/0335—Making a connection between the transistor and the capacitor, e.g. plug
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
- H10B12/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10B12/02—Manufacture or treatment for one transistor one-capacitor [1T-1C] memory cells
- H10B12/05—Making the transistor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
- H10B12/30—DRAM devices comprising one-transistor - one-capacitor [1T-1C] memory cells
- H10B12/31—DRAM devices comprising one-transistor - one-capacitor [1T-1C] memory cells having a storage electrode stacked over the transistor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D30/021—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET]
- H10D30/031—Manufacture or treatment of FETs having insulated gates [IGFET] of thin-film transistors [TFT]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]
- H10D30/6729—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the electrodes
- H10D30/673—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the electrodes characterised by the shapes, relative sizes or dispositions of the gate electrodes
- H10D30/6733—Multi-gate TFTs
- H10D30/6734—Multi-gate TFTs having gate electrodes arranged on both top and bottom sides of the channel, e.g. dual-gate TFTs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]
- H10D30/674—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the active materials
- H10D30/6755—Oxide semiconductors, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide or cadmium stannate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]
- H10D30/6757—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the structure of the channel, e.g. transverse or longitudinal shape or doping profile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/06—Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons
- G06N3/063—Physical realisation, i.e. hardware implementation of neural networks, neurons or parts of neurons using electronic means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B12/00—Dynamic random access memory [DRAM] devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D84/00—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers
- H10D84/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10D84/02—Manufacture or treatment characterised by using material-based technologies
- H10D84/08—Manufacture or treatment characterised by using material-based technologies using combinations of technologies, e.g. using both Si and SiC technologies or using both Si and Group III-V technologies
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D84/00—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers
- H10D84/80—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs
- H10D84/82—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs of only field-effect components
- H10D84/83—Integrated devices formed in or on semiconductor substrates that comprise only semiconducting layers, e.g. on Si wafers or on GaAs-on-Si wafers characterised by the integration of at least one component covered by groups H10D12/00 or H10D30/00, e.g. integration of IGFETs of only field-effect components of only insulated-gate FETs [IGFET]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D88/00—Three-dimensional [3D] integrated devices
Definitions
- the technical field of one embodiment of the present invention includes a semiconductor device, a memory device, a processor, an imaging device, a switch circuit (eg, a power switch, a wiring switch, etc.), a display device (eg, a liquid crystal display device, an organic electroluminescence display). Devices), light-emitting devices, lighting devices, power storage devices, input devices, and the like.
- a semiconductor device e.g., a memory device, a processor, an imaging device, a switch circuit (eg, a power switch, a wiring switch, etc.), a display device (eg, a liquid crystal display device, an organic electroluminescence display). Devices), light-emitting devices, lighting devices, power storage devices, input devices, and the like.
- a production method thereof, a usage method thereof, and the like can be given.
- IGZO In—Ga—Zn oxide
- CAAC c-axis aligned crystalline
- nc nanocrystalline
- a transistor including a metal oxide semiconductor in a channel formation region (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an “oxide semiconductor transistor” or an “OS transistor”) has been reported to have a minimum off-state current (for example, Non-patent documents 1, 2).
- various semiconductor devices using an OS transistor have been manufactured (eg, Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- the manufacturing process of the OS transistor can be incorporated into a CMOS process with a conventional Si transistor, and the OS transistor can be stacked on the Si transistor (for example, Non-Patent Document 4).
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-228561 discloses performing a product-sum operation using a memory cell using an OS transistor.
- n-channel and p-channel There are two types of transistor polarity: n-channel and p-channel.
- a circuit in which an n-channel transistor and a p-channel transistor are combined is called a complementary circuit, a CMOS circuit, or the like.
- a circuit using only a single-conductivity type transistor such as an n-channel transistor or a p-channel transistor is called a unipolar circuit, a single-conductivity circuit, or the like.
- a circuit using only an n-channel transistor may be referred to as an NMOS circuit, and a circuit using only a p-channel transistor may be referred to as a PMOS circuit.
- the polarity of the n-channel type or p-channel type can be selected for the Si transistor depending on the type of impurities doped in the semiconductor layer.
- a metal oxide containing indium (for example, In oxide) or a metal oxide containing zinc (for example, Zn oxide) an n-type semiconductor can be manufactured, but a p-type semiconductor has mobility.
- a circuit including an OS transistor is often an n-channel unipolar circuit.
- the number of transistors tends to increase, so the circuit scale of the unipolar circuit may be larger than that of a CMOS circuit.
- the circuit scale of the unipolar circuit may be larger than that of a CMOS circuit.
- the circuit itself may generate a large amount of heat, and the characteristics of the transistor may change.
- variation in transistor characteristics may be increased when a circuit is manufactured.
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device that is a unipolar circuit. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device capable of arithmetic processing. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device in which the calculation accuracy is improved by correcting the threshold voltage of a transistor. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device in which the influence of environmental temperature is reduced.
- problems of one embodiment of the present invention are not limited to the problems listed above.
- the problems listed above do not disturb the existence of other problems.
- Other issues are issues not mentioned in this section, which are described in the following description. Problems not mentioned in this item can be derived from descriptions of the specification or drawings by those skilled in the art, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions.
- one embodiment of the present invention solves at least one of the above-described problems and other problems. Note that one embodiment of the present invention does not have to solve all of the problems listed above and other problems.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes a first current source circuit and a second current source circuit, and the second current source circuit has the same configuration as the first current source circuit, and the first current source circuit Includes first to fourth transistors, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and first to third nodes.
- the first terminal of the first transistor is the first terminal of the second transistor.
- the first node, and the back gate of the first transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the third transistor and the first terminal of the first capacitor
- the second terminal of the transistor is electrically connected to the second node, the gate of the first transistor is electrically connected to the third node, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to the second node of the first transistor.
- the second transistor gate is electrically connected to the terminal of the fourth transistor; And the first terminal of the second capacitor, the second terminal of the second capacitor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second transistor, and the first current source circuit is
- the third transistor is in the on state, the first correction voltage is written from the second node to the back gate of the first transistor to change the threshold voltage of the first transistor, and the third transistor is in the off state
- the first capacitor has a function of holding a voltage between the second terminal of the first transistor and the back gate by the first capacitor, and the first node of the first current source circuit is the first current source circuit.
- a third node of the second current source circuit is electrically connected to the third node of the second current source circuit.
- one embodiment of the present invention includes a first current source circuit and a second current source circuit, and the second current source circuit has the same configuration as the first current source circuit, and the first current source circuit
- the source circuit includes first to fifth transistors, a first capacitor element, a second capacitor element, and first to fifth nodes, and a first terminal of the first transistor is a first terminal of the fifth transistor.
- the first terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the fifth transistor and the first node.
- the first terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first transistor.
- the back gate is electrically connected to the first terminal of the third transistor and the first terminal of the first capacitor
- the second terminal of the third transistor is electrically connected to the second node
- the gate of one transistor is electrically connected to the third node
- the second terminal of the first capacitor element Electrically connected to the second terminal of the first transistor
- the gate of the fifth transistor is electrically connected to the fourth node
- the gate of the second transistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth transistor
- the second terminal of the second capacitor element is electrically connected to the first terminal of the second transistor
- the first current source circuit is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor element.
- the first correction voltage is written from the second node to the back gate of the first transistor, thereby changing the threshold voltage of the first transistor, and when the third transistor is turned off.
- a function of holding a voltage between the second terminal of the first transistor and the back gate by the first capacitor, and the first node of the first current source circuit is the fourth of the first current source circuit.
- Node and second The fifth node of the first current source circuit is electrically connected to the fourth node of the current source circuit, and the fifth node of the first current source circuit is connected to the third node of the second current source circuit.
- the semiconductor device is electrically connected.
- the first current source circuit includes a sixth transistor, and the first terminal of the sixth transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the first transistor.
- the fifth transistor is turned off, the sixth transistor is turned on, and the current flowing between the second terminal of the first transistor and the second terminal of the sixth transistor is monitored, so that the current is
- the semiconductor device has a function of determining the first correction voltage accordingly.
- the circuit in any one of the above structures (1) to (3), includes a first circuit, a second circuit, and a reading circuit, and the first circuit includes a first current source.
- the circuit is electrically connected to the first node of the circuit
- the second circuit is electrically connected to the first node of the second current source circuit
- the readout circuit is electrically connected to the first node of the second current source circuit.
- the first circuit has a function of sucking the first current or the second current from the first node of the first current source circuit
- the second circuit is connected to the first node of the second current source circuit.
- the second transistor of the first current source circuit has a function of sucking out the third current or the fourth current, and the second current transistor is configured such that when the first current is sucked from the first node of the first current source circuit, A function of flowing a fifth current according to the gate-source voltage of the second transistor of the circuit, and The transistor has a function of flowing a first differential current between the fifth current and the first current when the first current is drawn from the first node of the first current source circuit, and the first node of the first current source circuit.
- a second differential current between the fifth current and the second current when the second current is sucked from the first current source circuit, and the first transistor of the second current source circuit The function of flowing the first differential current when the first current is sucked from the first node and the function of flowing the second differential current when the second current is sucked from the first node of the first current source circuit
- the second transistor of the second current source circuit has a second transistor of the second current source circuit when the third current and the first differential current are drawn from the first node of the second current source circuit.
- the semiconductor device has a function of sucking out a seventh current obtained by subtracting a sum of the second differential current and the fourth current from the current.
- the second circuit has the same structure as the first circuit, and the first circuit includes the seventh transistor, the eighth transistor, and the third transistor. And the gate of the seventh transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the eighth transistor and the first terminal of the third capacitor, and the seventh transistor of the first transistor of the first circuit.
- One terminal is electrically connected to the first node of the first current source circuit
- the first terminal of the seventh transistor of the second circuit is electrically connected to the first node of the second current source circuit
- the seventh transistor of one circuit causes a first current to flow when a first potential is applied to the gate of the seventh transistor of the first circuit and a second potential is applied to the second terminal of the third capacitor element.
- a first potential is applied to the function and the gate of the seventh transistor of the first circuit; and And a second current flows when a third potential is applied to the second terminal of the three-capacitance element.
- the seventh transistor of the second circuit is connected to the gate of the seventh transistor of the second circuit.
- a difference between the second potential and the third potential is a potential difference according to the second data
- a seventh current is a current according to the product of the first data and the second data.
- the first circuit includes a ninth transistor and a fourth capacitor
- the seventh transistor includes a back gate
- the back gate of the transistor is electrically connected to the first terminal of the ninth transistor and the first terminal of the fourth capacitor
- the second terminal of the fourth capacitor is connected to the second terminal of the seventh transistor.
- the first current source circuit includes a fifth capacitor, and the first terminal of the fifth capacitor is The semiconductor device is electrically connected to the gate of the second transistor.
- the first circuit includes a tenth transistor, and the source and the drain of the tenth transistor are electrically connected to each other.
- One of the gate and the source of the tenth transistor is electrically connected to the gate of the second transistor, and the channel width of the tenth transistor is 0.5 times or less the channel width of the fourth transistor.
- all the transistors included in any one of the above semiconductor devices (1) to (8) include a metal oxide in a channel formation region and have the same polarity. It is a semiconductor device.
- a semiconductor device is a device using semiconductor characteristics, and means a circuit including a semiconductor element (a transistor, a diode, a photodiode, or the like), a device having the circuit, or the like.
- a semiconductor element a transistor, a diode, a photodiode, or the like
- it refers to all devices that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
- an integrated circuit, a semiconductor wafer including an integrated circuit, a chip, and an electronic component in which a chip is stored in a package are examples of a semiconductor device.
- a memory device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a lighting device, an electronic device, and the like are themselves semiconductor devices and may include a semiconductor device.
- X and Y are connected, when X and Y are electrically connected, and when X and Y are functionally connected And the case where X and Y are directly connected are disclosed in this specification and the like. Therefore, it is not limited to a predetermined connection relationship, for example, the connection relationship shown in the figure or text, and anything other than the connection relation shown in the figure or text is also disclosed in the figure or text.
- X and Y are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wirings, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).
- the transistor has three terminals called gate, source, and drain.
- the gate is a control terminal that controls the conduction state of the transistor.
- Two terminals functioning as a source or a drain are input / output terminals of the transistor.
- One of the two input / output terminals serves as a source and the other serves as a drain depending on the conductivity type (n-channel type and p-channel type) of the transistor and the potential applied to the three terminals of the transistor. Therefore, in this specification and the like, the terms source and drain can be used interchangeably.
- two terminals other than the gate may be referred to as a first terminal and a second terminal.
- a node can be restated as a terminal, a wiring, an electrode, a conductive layer, a conductor, an impurity region, or the like depending on a circuit configuration, a device structure, or the like. Further, a terminal, a wiring, or the like can be referred to as a node.
- the voltage often indicates a potential difference between a certain potential and a reference potential (for example, a ground potential (GND) or a source potential).
- a reference potential for example, a ground potential (GND) or a source potential.
- GND ground potential
- a voltage can be rephrased as a potential. Note that the potential is relative. Therefore, even if it is described as GND, it may not necessarily mean 0V.
- ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second”, and “third” may be used to represent an order. Or it may be used to avoid confusion between components. In these cases, the use of ordinal numbers does not limit the number of components, nor does it limit the order. Further, for example, one form of the present invention can be described by replacing “first” with “second” or “third”.
- the terms indicating the arrangement such as “above” and “below” may be used for convenience in order to describe the positional relationship between components with reference to the drawings. Moreover, the positional relationship between components changes suitably according to the direction which draws each structure. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the words and phrases described in the specification, and can be appropriately rephrased depending on the situation.
- film and layer can be interchanged depending on the case or circumstances. For example, it may be possible to change the term “conductive layer” to the term “conductive film”. For example, it may be possible to change the term “insulating film” to the term “insulating layer”.
- a semiconductor device that is a unipolar circuit can be provided.
- a semiconductor device capable of arithmetic processing can be provided.
- a semiconductor device in which calculation accuracy is improved by correcting the threshold voltage of a transistor can be provided.
- a semiconductor device in which the influence of environmental temperature is reduced can be provided.
- the effects of one embodiment of the present invention are not limited to the effects listed above.
- the effects listed above do not preclude the existence of other effects.
- the other effects are effects not mentioned in this item described in the following description. Effects not mentioned in this item can be derived from the description of the specification or drawings by those skilled in the art, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions.
- one embodiment of the present invention has at least one of the effects listed above and other effects. Accordingly, one embodiment of the present invention may not have the above-described effects depending on circumstances.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in a semiconductor device.
- 2A is a timing chart illustrating an operation example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device
- FIGS. 2B, 2C, and 2D are circuits illustrating an operation example of the circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 3A, 3B, and 3C are circuit diagrams illustrating an operation example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- 4A is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device
- FIG. 4B is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 5A is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device
- FIG. 5A is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device
- FIG. 5A is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device
- FIG. 5A is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of
- FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hierarchical neural network.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a circuit included in the semiconductor device.
- 22A and 22B are block diagrams illustrating structural examples of circuits included in the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a semiconductor device.
- 25A, 25B, and 25C are cross-sectional views illustrating structural examples of transistors.
- FIG. 26A is a top view illustrating a structural example of a transistor
- FIGS. 26B and 26C are cross-sectional views illustrating structural examples of the transistor.
- FIG. 27A is a top view illustrating a structural example of a transistor, and FIGS.
- FIG. 27B and 27C are cross-sectional views illustrating structural examples of the transistor.
- FIG. 28A is a top view illustrating a structural example of a transistor
- FIGS. 28B and 28C are cross-sectional views illustrating structural examples of the transistor.
- FIG. 29A is a top view illustrating a structural example of a transistor
- FIGS. 29B and 29C are cross-sectional views illustrating structural examples of the transistor.
- FIG. 30A is a top view illustrating a structural example of a transistor
- FIGS. 30B and 30C are cross-sectional views illustrating structural examples of the transistor.
- FIG. 31A is a top view illustrating a structural example of a transistor
- FIG. 31B is a perspective view illustrating a structural example of a transistor.
- FIG. 32A and 32B are cross-sectional views illustrating structural examples of transistors.
- FIG. 33A is a top view illustrating a structure example of a capacitor element
- FIGS. 33B and 33C are cross-sectional perspective views illustrating a structure example of the capacitor element.
- 34A is a top view illustrating a structure example of a capacitor
- FIG. 34B is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of the capacitor
- FIG. 34C is a cross-section illustrating a structure example of the capacitor. It is a perspective view.
- 35A, 35B, 35C, 35D, 35E, 35F, 35G, and 35H are perspective views illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- 36A and 36B are perspective views illustrating examples of electronic devices.
- a plurality of embodiments shown below can be appropriately combined. Further, in the case where a plurality of structure examples (including a manufacturing method example, an operation method example, a usage method example, and the like) are given in one embodiment, appropriate combinations of the structure examples with each other and other implementations It is also possible to appropriately combine with one or a plurality of configuration examples described in the embodiment.
- the power supply potential VDD may be abbreviated as potential VDD, VDD, or the like.
- potential VDD voltages, circuits, elements, electrodes, wirings, etc.
- the 1 includes a circuit 15, a circuit 17, and nodes ss, bgc, bw, ww, vx, ot1, wb, vb1, ga, and st.
- the node ss is electrically connected to the voltage line for supplying the voltage VSS
- the node bgc is electrically connected to the voltage line for supplying VBGC1.
- the voltage VSS is a low power supply voltage of the circuit 10 and can be a low level (“L”) voltage applied to the nodes ww, wb, and the like.
- the high power supply voltage of the circuit 10 is the voltage VDD, which can be a high level (“H”) voltage applied to the nodes ww, wb, and the like.
- the circuit 15 includes transistors M1 and M2 and a capacitive element C1.
- the circuit 17 includes transistors M3 to M5 and a capacitor C3.
- the transistors M1 to M5 are OS transistors having a back gate.
- the voltage VBGC1 is input to the back gates of the transistors M2, M3, and M5 via the node bgc.
- the threshold voltage (Vth) of the transistors M2, M3, and M5 can be adjusted by the voltage VBGC1.
- the transistors M2 to M5 can be switched between the on state and the off state by the voltages of the nodes ww, wb, ga, and st.
- the circuit 15 has the same circuit configuration as that of the 2T (2-transistor) gain cell.
- the holding node of the circuit 15 is referred to as a node sn1. That is, the gate of the transistor M1 corresponds to the node sn1.
- the transistor M1 is a read transistor in the 2T gain cell.
- Node ot1 is an output node.
- nodes corresponding to the back gate and the source of the transistor M1 are referred to as nodes mb1 and ms1, respectively.
- the capacitor element C1 is a storage capacitor for holding the voltage of the node sn1.
- the node sn1 is capacitively coupled to the node vx by the capacitive element C1.
- the transistor M2 is an access transistor (also referred to as a write transistor) in the 2T gain cell, and has a function of making the node sn1 and the node bw conductive or nonconductive.
- the circuit 15 can function as a memory circuit.
- the node vx is set to “L”, and a voltage corresponding to the data is input to the node bw.
- the voltage of the node bw is input to the node sn1.
- the node vx is set to “H”, and the node ms1 is set to a constant potential, for example, VSS.
- VSS constant potential
- Vds-Id the circuit 15 can be used as a multiplication circuit.
- Vds is a drain-source voltage
- Id is a drain current.
- the calculation function of the circuit 15 will be described by taking multiplication of w and d as an example.
- Data corresponding to the multiplier and multiplicand is input to the circuit 15 as a voltage.
- the voltages corresponding to w and d will be referred to as voltage w and voltage d.
- the voltage VSS is assumed to be 0 V in order to simply explain the calculation function of the circuit 15.
- the voltage w is input to the circuit 15. Specifically, the voltage VSS is input to the node vx, and the voltage w is input to the node bw. Next, the node ww is set to “H” to turn on the transistor M2. Thereby, the voltage sn is input to the node sn1. Next, the voltage d is input to the node vx while the node ww is set to “L”. Since the node vx and the node sn1 are capacitively coupled, the voltage of the node sn1 is w + A sn d.
- a sn is a capacitive coupling coefficient between the node sn1 and the node vx, and depends on the gate capacitance of the transistor M1, the parasitic capacitance of the node sn1, and the like.
- the drain current Id is expressed by the above equation (1.1) by a granular channel approximation model.
- ⁇ is a constant determined by carrier mobility, channel length, channel width, and gate capacitance in the semiconductor.
- Vgs is a gate-source voltage, and Vth is a threshold voltage.
- the threshold voltage Vth is the maximum slope of the characteristic curve in the Vgs-Id 1/2 characteristic curve in which the voltage Vgs is plotted on the horizontal axis and the square root of the drain current Id is plotted on the vertical axis.
- the voltage Vgs at the intersection of the tangent line taken and Id 1/2 0 [A].
- the threshold voltage Vth may refer to the voltage Vgs when Id ⁇ L / W is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 [A]. is there. Note that L and W represent the channel length and channel width of the transistor, respectively.
- the back gate-source voltage (Vbgs) of the transistor M1 is fixed to Vc, and the threshold voltage of the transistor M1 is V T1 .
- the drain current Id1 (w, d) of the transistor M1 is expressed by the following formula (2.1).
- the drain current Id1 (w, d) is equal to the current Ipr (w, d) proportional to the product w ⁇ d and the current Iost (not proportional). w, d) and the sum.
- Equation (2.4) The first term on the right side of Equation (2.4) is the drain current Id1 when the voltage d is 0V, and the second term on the right side is the drain current Id1 when the voltage w is 0V. Therefore, the current Iost (w, d) is expressed by the formula (2.5).
- the current Ipr (w, d) can be obtained by removing the current Iost (w, d) from the drain current Id1 (w, d).
- the current Iost (w, d) is referred to as “offset current”.
- offset cancellation The operation for removing the offset current from the current Id1 (w, d) is referred to as “offset cancellation”.
- currents I 1 to I 4 are defined as shown in equations (2.6) to (2.9). Then, the current Ipr (w, d) can be obtained by executing the formula (2.10).
- equation (2.10) The calculation process of equation (2.10) is shown below. Note that hardware for executing the expression (2.10) in the second to fifth embodiments will be described.
- the circuit 15 can be an analog arithmetic circuit using the Vds-Id characteristic of the transistor M1.
- V T1 the threshold voltage V T1 is corrected by the circuit 17.
- the Vbgs of the transistor M1 is adjusted by charging the capacitive element C3 with the drain current Id1. Therefore, the circuit 17 can be referred to as a “circuit programmed by current”.
- FIG. 2A is a timing chart of threshold voltage correction.
- 2B to 2D, 3A, and 3B are circuit diagrams illustrating operation examples of the circuit 10 in the period T1 to the period T4 in the timing chart.
- the transistors M3 to M5 are represented by switches.
- the following description ignores leakage currents of the transistors M1 to M5, the capacitive elements C1 and C3, and the like.
- the transistor M2 is turned off, and the voltages of the nodes vx and ot1 are VSS and V1, respectively.
- the potentials of the nodes ga, wb, and st are “H”, “L”, and “L”, respectively.
- the transistor M4 is on and the voltage VSS is input to the node ms1.
- the voltage V0 is input to the node vb1.
- the nodes ga, wb, and st are set to “L”, “H”, and “H”, respectively.
- the transistor M4 is turned off and the transistors M3 and M5 are turned on. Since the node vb1 and the node mb1 are in a conductive state, the voltage V0 is input to the node mb1. Further, since the node sn1 and the node ms1 are in a conductive state, the voltage Vgs of the transistor M1 is 0V.
- the voltage V0 is the threshold voltage V T1 is set to be smaller than 0V, the voltage V1, as the drain current Id1 flows, are set.
- the drain current Id1 is input to the node ms1, the voltage of the node ms1 rises. Since the transistor M3 is on, the voltage of the node mb1 does not change due to the capacitive coupling of the capacitive element C3 as the voltage of the node ms1 rises. However, since the voltage Vbgs of the transistor M1 is reduced, the threshold voltage V T1 is increased. Eventually, when the threshold voltage V T1 becomes equal to the voltage Vgs of the transistor M1, the drain current Id1 stops flowing as shown in FIG.
- Vc can be referred to as a voltage Vbgs for setting the threshold voltage V T1 to 0V.
- the node wb is set to “L”
- the node st is set to “L”
- the transistor M3 is turned off
- the transistor M5 is turned off (see FIG. 3A).
- each of the node wb and the node st is set to “L” at the same time, but may be set to “L” at different timings.
- the node ga is set to “H” and the transistor M4 is turned on (see FIG. 3B).
- the circuit 10 includes the transistor M 1, the transistor M 2, and the capacitor C 1, which have the threshold voltage V T 1 of 0 V, illustrated in FIG. It can be equivalent to the circuit it has.
- the threshold voltage of the transistors M3 and M5 is preferably increased by the voltage VBGC1 to reduce the off-state current of the transistors M3 and M5.
- the threshold voltage V T1 can be set to 0V. Since the characteristics of the transistor change depending on the operating temperature, for example, the configuration of the circuit 10 shown in FIG. 1 can suppress fluctuations in calculation results due to changes in the operating temperature. In addition, variations in calculation results in the plurality of circuits 10 can be suppressed.
- the 4A includes a circuit 15 and a circuit 18.
- the circuit 18 is a circuit obtained by removing the transistors M4 and M5 from the circuit 17 shown in FIG. 1, and functions as a 1T1C type memory cell.
- the circuit 18 stores the voltage Vbgs of the transistor M1.
- a node wx of the circuit 11 illustrated in FIG. 4A corresponds to the node ot1 of the circuit 10 illustrated in FIG.
- the voltage Vbgs of the transistor M1 is acquired by the internal circuit 17 in order to set the threshold voltage V T1 .
- the voltage Vbgs of the transistor M1 can be adjusted by the voltage V0t input to the node vb1.
- FIG. 4B illustrates an example of a semiconductor device for performing temperature correction of the threshold voltage V T1 .
- a semiconductor device 100 illustrated in FIG. 4B includes a control circuit 101, a temperature sensor 102, a memory device 103, a DAC (digital-analog conversion circuit) 104, driving circuits 106 to 109, a reading circuit 112, and an arithmetic array 113.
- the arithmetic array 113 is provided with a plurality of circuits 11 in a matrix.
- wirings WW, WB, BW, VX, WX, and WBGM1 are provided according to the arrangement of the plurality of circuits 11. Note that each of the wirings WW, WB, BW, VX, WX, and WBGM1 is electrically connected to the nodes ww, wb, bw, vx, wx, and vb1 of the circuit 11. Further, the arithmetic array 113 is provided with a circuit for removing the offset current from the output current of the circuit 11.
- the driving circuits 106 to 109 each have a function of giving a predetermined signal (or voltage) to the wirings WW, WB, BW, VX, and WBGM1.
- the read circuit 112 is a circuit for reading the calculation result of the circuit 11. For example, the reading circuit 112 generates the voltage Vac_out corresponding to the current flowing through the wiring WX.
- the storage device 103 stores data DBt corresponding to the voltage V0t.
- the operating temperature range of the semiconductor device 100 is divided into a plurality of data, and data DBt is obtained for each divided temperature range and stored in the storage device 103.
- the control circuit 101 controls the entire semiconductor device 100. For example, the control circuit 101 performs control for correcting the threshold voltage V T1 according to the data DTt acquired by the temperature sensor 102.
- the data DTt represents temperature.
- the control circuit 101 generates a control signal for the storage device 103 in accordance with the data DTt.
- the storage device 103 outputs data DBt corresponding to the data DTt according to the control signal.
- the DAC 104 converts the data DBt into analog data and generates a voltage V0t.
- the voltage V0t is analog data corresponding to the data DTt, and is a voltage depending on temperature.
- the voltage V0t is output to the drive circuit 109.
- the control circuit 101 generates timing signals for the drive circuits 106 and 109.
- the drive circuits 106 and 109 operate in accordance with the timing signal, and the voltage V0t is input to the node mb1 of the circuit 11.
- Data DBt can be obtained for each circuit 11. For example, a voltage whose operation result is known is input to the node sn1 of one circuit 11 at the reference temperature Tref. Next, a sufficiently low voltage is input to the node sn1 of the other circuit 11 so that the drain current Id1 does not leak to the wiring WX. Based on the voltage Vac_out read by the reading circuit 112, data DBt at the reference temperature Tref is obtained. Based on the data DBt at the reference temperature Tref, the data DBt is obtained for each temperature range.
- the temperature dependence of the calculation result of the circuit 11 due to the change of the operating temperature can be suppressed, and the variation in the calculation result among the plurality of circuits 11 can be suppressed.
- a current source circuit 30 illustrated in FIG. 5A is a unipolar circuit, and includes transistors M11, M12, MA1, and MA2, capacitors C11 and C12, nodes bgc1, cmg, ot3, cm1, cm2, cs1, cs2, dd, ss1.
- the transistors M11, M12, MA1, and MA2 are OS transistors having a back gate. The back gates of the transistors MA1 and MA2 are electrically connected to the node bgc1.
- the transistor M11 functions as a part of a current mirror circuit described later.
- the gate, source, and drain of the transistor M11 are electrically connected to the nodes cmg, ss1, and ot3, respectively.
- the node ot3 is an output node of the current source circuit 30.
- the circuit 41 including the capacitor C11 and the transistor MA1 functions as a 1T1C memory cell and stores the voltage Vbgs of the transistor M11, as in the circuit 18 (see FIG. 4A).
- the capacitive element C11 holds the voltage Vbgs of the transistor M11.
- the transistor MA1 has a function of conducting or non-conducting between the node cm1 and the back gate of the transistor M11. Switching between the conductive state and the non-conductive state of the transistor MA1 can be performed by the voltage of the node cm2. Note that it is preferable to adjust the back gate voltage of the transistor MA1 and increase the threshold voltage of the transistor MA1 in order to suppress variation in the back gate voltage of the transistor M11 due to leakage of charge held in the capacitor C11.
- Transistor M12 functions as a current source.
- the drain and source of the transistor M12 are electrically connected to the nodes dd and ot3, respectively.
- the back gate and the source of the transistor M12 are electrically connected.
- the circuit 42 including the capacitive element C12 and the transistor MA2 functions as a 1T1C memory cell and stores the gate-source voltage of the transistor M12, similarly to the circuit 18 (FIG. 4A).
- the capacitive element C12 holds the voltage Vgs of the transistor M12.
- the transistor MA2 has a function of bringing the node cs1 and the gate of the transistor M12 into conduction and non-conduction. Switching between the conductive state and the non-conductive state of the transistor MA2 can be performed by the voltage of the node cs2. Note that it is preferable to adjust the back gate voltage of the transistor MA2 and increase the threshold voltage of the transistor MA2 in order to suppress fluctuations in the back gate voltage of the transistor M12 due to leakage of charge held in the capacitor C12.
- the offset cancel circuit 50 can be configured by electrically connecting the two current source circuits 30.
- the offset cancel circuit 50 is used to cancel the offset current from the output current of the multiplication circuit according to the first embodiment.
- a current source circuit 30r In order to distinguish between the two current source circuits 30, one is called a current source circuit 30r.
- the offset cancel circuit 50 is electrically connected to wiring lines WCS, EN_WBG, WBG, WBGr and voltage lines for supplying voltages VDD, VSS, VBCS, VBGC.
- Circuits 10 and 10r are electrically connected to the wirings WX and WXr, respectively.
- the circuit 10r is a replica circuit of the circuit 10 and functions as a reference multiplication circuit.
- the circuits 10 and 10r are electrically connected to the wiring lines VX and WW and voltage lines that supply the voltages VSS and VBGC.
- Each of the circuits 10 and 10r is electrically connected to the wirings BW and BWr, respectively.
- the wiring WCS is electrically connected to the nodes cs2 of the current source circuits 30 and 30r, and the wiring EN_WBG is electrically connected to the nodes cm2 of the current source circuits 30 and 30r.
- the wiring WBG is electrically connected to the node cm1 of the current source circuit 30, and the wiring WBGr is electrically connected to the node cm1 of the current source circuit 30r.
- the voltage line for supplying the voltage VDD is electrically connected to the respective nodes dd of the current source circuits 30 and 30r, and the voltage line for supplying the voltage VSS is connected to the respective nodes ss1 of the current source circuits 30 and 30r and the circuit.
- the voltage lines that are electrically connected to the respective nodes ss 10 and 10r and supply the voltage VBCS are electrically connected to the respective nodes cs1 of the current source circuits 30 and 30r and supply the VBGC.
- the wiring WX is electrically connected to the node ot3 of the current source circuit 30 and the node wx of the circuit 10, and the wiring WXr is connected to the node ot3 of the current source circuit 30r, the node wx of the circuit 10r, the current source circuit 30, It is electrically connected to each node cmg of 30r.
- the wiring BW is electrically connected to the node bw of the circuit 10, and the wiring BWr is electrically connected to the node bw of the circuit 10r.
- a readout circuit 120 is electrically connected to the wiring WX.
- the read circuit 120 includes nodes inro and npr and a switch S20.
- Node inro is an input node.
- the switch S20 has a function of bringing the node inro and the node npr into a conductive state or a non-conductive state.
- the read circuit 120 may have a function as a current-voltage conversion circuit that generates a voltage corresponding to a current flowing through the node npr.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 the offset cancel operation will be described by taking the case of multiplying data w and data d as an example.
- the circuits 10 and 10r By shifting the state of the offset cancel circuit 50, the circuits 10 and 10r from the “initialization state” to the “data d write state”, the offset current is canceled from the output current of the circuit 10, and the product w ⁇ d is obtained.
- a proportional current Ipr (w, d) can be obtained.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram for explaining an initialization state
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram for explaining a writing state of data d.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show an example in which the switch S20 is configured by an OS transistor having a back gate.
- the voltage VSS is assumed to be 0V for convenience.
- Threshold voltage correction Before performing multiplication in the circuit 10, the threshold voltages of the transistors M1, M1r, M11, and M11r are corrected.
- the threshold voltages of the transistors M1 and M1r are set to 0V. Therefore, the circuits 10 and 10r are represented by the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. Note that when correcting the threshold voltages of the transistors M1 and M1r, the wiring WCS is set to “H” so that a drain current flows through each of the transistors M12 and M12r.
- the transistors M11 and M11r constitute a current mirror circuit. Since the transistor M11r is a replica transistor of the transistor M11, ideally, the drain current of the transistor M11r is copied to the transistor M11. However, the transistor M11r and the transistor M11 may not have the same characteristics due to the influence of the manufacturing process and the like. Therefore, before the multiplication in the circuit 10, the voltage Vbgs of the transistors M11r and M11 is adjusted to correct the threshold voltages of the transistors M11r and M11.
- Vb0 and Vb1 the voltages Vbgs of the transistors M11r and M11 such that the threshold voltages of the transistors M11r and M11 are 0 V are Vb0 and Vb1, respectively.
- Vb0 to VSS and Vb1 to VSS are input to the wirings WBGr and WBG, respectively.
- the wiring EN_WBG is set to “H” for a certain period, so that the transistors MA1 and MA1r are turned on.
- Vb0-VSS and Vb1-VSS are input to the back gates of the transistors M11r and M11, respectively.
- the initialization operation is an operation for setting a current supplied from the transistors M12r and M12. During the initialization operation, the switch S20 is in an off state.
- voltages w 0 and w 0 + w are input to the wirings BWr and BW, respectively.
- voltages w 0 and w 0 + w are written to the nodes sn1r and sn1, respectively.
- the respective voltages w 0 and w 0 + w are held by the capacitive elements C1r and C1.
- d 0 is input to the wiring VX.
- the voltages Vgs of the transistors M1r and M1 become w 0 + A sn d 0 and w 0 + w + A sn d 0 , respectively, so that the currents I 4 and I 3 flow in the transistors M1r and M1 (formula (2. 9) and (2.8)).
- the wiring WCS is set to “H”, and the transistors MA2r and MA2 are turned on.
- the transistor M12r is the current I 4 + I 0 which exceeds the current I 4 flows, as a current flows I 3 + I 0 which exceeds the current I 3 to the transistor M12, and the transistors M12r, M12 operates in the saturation region
- the voltage VBCS, channel lengths, channel widths, and the like of the transistors M12 and M12r are set.
- the voltage Vgs when the drain current of the transistor M12r is I 4 + I 0 is Vp4
- the voltage Vgs when the drain current of the transistor M12 is I 3 + I 0 is Vp3.
- the wiring WCS is set to “L”.
- the offset cancel circuit 50 is initialized.
- the voltage Vgs of the transistor M12r is fixed to the voltage Vp4 by the capacitive element C12r, and the voltage Vgs of the transistor M12 is fixed to the voltage Vp3 by the capacitive element C12. Therefore, the current supplied by the transistor M12r is I 4
- the current supplied by transistor M12 is set to + I 0 and set to I 3 + I 0 .
- a voltage d 0 + d is input to the wiring VX. Since the transistors M2r and M2 are off, the voltages Vgs of the transistors M1r and M1 are w 0 + A sn (d 0 + d) and w 0 + w + A sn (d 0 + d), respectively. Therefore, each of I 2 and I 1 flows through the transistors M1r and M1 (see formulas (2.7) and (2.6)).
- the drain current of the transistor M11r becomes I 0 ⁇ (I 2 ⁇ I 4 ), and the drain current of the transistor M11r is copied to the transistor M11.
- a current ⁇ I 1 + I 3 ⁇ I 4 + I 2 flows through the node npr. That is, a current ⁇ Ipr (w, d) flows through the node npr (see Expression (2.11)).
- the read circuit 120 converts the current ⁇ Ipr (w, d) into a voltage.
- the offset cancel circuit 50 it can be from current I 1 generated by the circuit 10, to cancel the offset current to obtain a current proportional to the product w ⁇ d.
- the current source circuit 30 and the offset cancel circuit 50 described in this embodiment are unipolar circuits, the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the current source circuit 30 or the offset cancel circuit 50 may be configured by combining a source current source and a sink current source of a PMOS circuit or an NMOS circuit.
- the current source circuit 60 shown in FIG. 8 is a unipolar circuit, and includes transistors M11, M12, M13, MA1, MA2, MA3, MS1, MS2, capacitive elements C11, C12, C13, nodes bgc1, cmg1, cmg2, ot3. , Cm1, cm2, cs1, cs2, cs3, ot3, ot4, pt1, pt2, pt3, po, dd, ss1, and mss.
- the current source circuit 60 includes transistors M13, MA3, MS1, and MS2, a capacitor C13, nodes cmg1, cmg2, pt1, pt2, pt3, po, and the configuration of the current source circuit 30 illustrated in FIG. In this configuration, cs3, ot3, ot4, and mss are added, and the node cmg is removed.
- the transistor M11 functions as a part of the current mirror circuit.
- the gate, source, and drain of the transistor M11 are electrically connected to the nodes cmg1, mss, and ot4, respectively.
- the node po is an input / output node for monitoring the current flowing through the transistor M11, and the transistor MA3 functions as a switching element for controlling whether to input or output the current to the node po. Therefore, one of the source and the drain of the transistor MA3 is electrically connected to the drain of the transistor M11. The gate of the transistor MA3 is electrically connected to the node pt3.
- Transistor M12 functions as a current source. Similarly to the current source circuit 30, the drain and the source of the transistor M12 are electrically connected to the nodes dd and ot3. The back gate and the source of the transistor M12 are electrically connected.
- the transistor M13 functions as a part of the current mirror circuit.
- the gate, source, and drain of the transistor M13 are electrically connected to the nodes cmg2, ot4, and ot3, respectively.
- the node ot3 is an output node of the current source circuit 60.
- the source of the transistor M13 is electrically connected to the drain of the transistor M11, and the drain of the transistor M13 is electrically connected to the source of the transistor M12.
- the circuit 42 of the current source circuit 60 shown in FIG. 8 stores the gate-source voltage of the transistor M12, similarly to the circuit 42 of the current source circuit 30. Further, the circuit 42 of the current source circuit 60 has a configuration in which a capacitive element C13 is added to the circuit 42 of the current source circuit 30 in order to prevent the charge injection effect.
- the charge injection effect is a kind of switching noise.
- the capacitor C13 included in the circuit 42 of the current source circuit 30 has a role of holding charge flowing from the channel formation region of the transistor MA2 when the transistor MA2 is switched from the on state to the off state, and thus the transistor M12 The fluctuation of the gate-source voltage can be prevented.
- the capacitor C13 it is preferable to use a transistor in which one of the two pairs of electrodes is a gate and the other is a terminal in which a source and a drain are electrically connected.
- the channel width of MA2 is preferably 0.4 times or more and 0.6 times or less, and more preferably 0.45 times or more and 0.55 times or less.
- the channel length, not the channel width, may be 0.4 to 0.6 times, more preferably 0.45 to 0.55 times that of the transistor MA2. As a result, the influence of the charge injection effect in the circuit 42 can be reduced.
- the offset cancel circuit 70 can be configured by electrically connecting the two current source circuits 60.
- the offset current can be canceled from the output current of the multiplication circuit of the first embodiment more accurately than the offset cancel circuit 70 described in the second embodiment.
- a current source circuit 60r In order to distinguish the two current source circuits 60, one is called a current source circuit 60r.
- the offset cancel circuit 70 is electrically connected to voltage lines that supply wirings WCS, WCS2, WBCS, EN_WBG, WBG, WBGr, PO, POr, EN_PO, ENB_PO, MVSSL, MVSSLr, and voltages VDD, VSS, VBGC. .
- Circuits 10 and 10r are electrically connected to the wirings WX and WXr, respectively.
- the wirings MVSSL and MVSSLr are voltage lines that supply the voltage MVSS, respectively.
- the wiring WCS is electrically connected to the nodes cs2 of the current source circuits 60 and 60r, and the wiring WCS2 is electrically connected to the nodes cs3 of the current source circuits 60 and 60r.
- the WBCS is electrically connected to the respective nodes cs1 of the current source circuits 60 and 60r.
- the wiring EN_WBG is electrically connected to the respective nodes cm2 of the current source circuits 60 and 60r.
- the wiring WBG is electrically connected to the node cm1 of the current source circuit 60, and the wiring WBGr is electrically connected to the node cm1 of the current source circuit 60r.
- the wiring PO is electrically connected to the node po of the current source circuit 60, and the wiring POr is electrically connected to the node po of the current source circuit 60r.
- the wiring EN_PO is electrically connected to the nodes pt2 and pt3 of the current source circuits 60 and 60r, and the wiring ENB_PO is electrically connected to the nodes pt1 of the current source circuits 60 and 60r.
- the wiring MVSSL is electrically connected to the node mss of the current source circuit 60, and the wiring MVSSLr is electrically connected to the node mss of the current source circuit 60r.
- the voltage lines for supplying the voltage VDD are electrically connected to the respective nodes dd of the current source circuits 60 and 60r, and the voltage lines for supplying the voltage VSS are connected to the respective nodes ss1 of the current source circuits 60 and 60r and the circuit.
- the voltage lines that are electrically connected to the respective nodes ss 10 and 10r and supply VBGC are connected to the respective nodes bgc1 of the current source circuits 60 and 60r and the respective nodes bgc of the circuits 10 and 10r. Electrically connected.
- the wiring WX is electrically connected to the node ot3 of the current source circuit 60 and the node wx of the circuit 10, and the wiring WXr is connected to the node ot3 of the current source circuit 60r, the node wx of the circuit 10r, the current source circuit 60, 60r is electrically connected to each node cmg2.
- the wiring BW is electrically connected to the node bw of the circuit 10, and the wiring BWr is electrically connected to the node bw of the circuit 10r.
- the node ot4 of the current source circuit 60r is electrically connected to the respective nodes cmg1 of the current source circuits 60 and 60r.
- a readout circuit 120 is electrically connected to the wiring WX.
- the contents of the reading circuit 120 described in the above embodiment are referred to.
- FIG. 10 shows an electrical connection configuration of the transistors M11, M13, MA3, MS1, and MS2 of the current source circuit 60 and the transistors M11r, M13r, MA3r, MS1r, and MS2r of the current source circuit 60r.
- a circuit 41 r is illustrated as a replica circuit of the circuit 41. Focusing on the transistors M11, M11r, M13, and M13r, a cascode current mirror circuit is configured by these transistors. By using the cascode current mirror circuit, current can be copied more accurately than the current mirror circuit including the transistors M11 and M11r shown in FIGS.
- the voltage MVSS input to the node mss is preferably a low potential and more preferably a negative potential in order to widen the voltage range handled by the cascode current mirror circuit.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 the offset canceling operation will be described by taking the case of multiplying data w and data d as an example.
- the offset current is canceled from the output current of the circuit 10, and the product w ⁇ d is obtained.
- a proportional current Ipr (w, d) can be obtained.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram for explaining an initialization state
- FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram for explaining a writing state of data d.
- Threshold voltage correction >> Incidentally, in the cascode current mirror circuit, since the transistor M11r is a replica transistor of the transistor M11, ideally, the drain current of the transistor M11r is copied to the transistor M11. However, the transistor M11r and the transistor M11 may not have the same characteristics due to the influence of the manufacturing process and the like. First, correction of the threshold voltages of the transistors M11 and M11r in the offset cancel circuit 70 will be described.
- the wiring EN_PO is set to “H” to turn on the transistors MS1, MS1r, MA3, and MA3r. At this time, since VSS is input to the gates of the transistors M13 and M13r, the transistors M13 and M13r are turned off. Further, the wiring ENB_PO is set to “L”, and the transistors MS2 and MS2r are turned off.
- the wiring ENB_PO is set to “L”, and the transistors MS2 and MS2r are turned off.
- the voltages Vbgs of the transistors M11r and M11 are set so that the threshold voltages of the transistors M11r and M11 are 0V.
- Vbin0 and Vbin1 Vbin1-MVSS and Vbin2-MVSS are input to the wirings WBG and WBGr, respectively.
- Vbin1-MVSS and Vbin2-MVSS are input to the back gates of the transistors M11r and M11, respectively.
- the voltage Vbgs of the transistor M11r is fixed to Vbin0 by the capacitor C11r, and the voltage Vbgs of the transistor M11 is fixed to Vbin1 by the capacitor C11.
- the currents flowing through the wirings MVSSL and MVSSLr may be monitored and the respective voltages Vbgs of the transistors M11r and M11 may be set again.
- the threshold voltages of the transistors M11r and M11 can be brought close to 0V.
- the initialization operation is an operation for setting a current supplied from the transistors M12r and M12. During the initialization operation, the switch S20 is in an off state.
- voltages w 0 and w 0 + w are input to the wirings BWr and BW, respectively.
- voltages w 0 and w 0 + w are written to the nodes sn1 and sn1r, respectively.
- the wiring WW is set to “L” and the transistors M2r and M2 are turned off, d 0 is input to the wiring VX.
- the voltages Vgs of the transistors M1r and M1 become w 0 + A sn d 0 and w 0 + w + A sn d 0 , respectively, so that the currents I 4 and I 3 flow in the transistors M1r and M1 (formula (2. 9) and (2.8)).
- the wiring WCS is set to “H”, and the transistors MA2r and MA2 are turned on.
- the transistor M12r is the current I 4 + I 0 which exceeds the current I 4 flows, as a current flows I 3 + I 0 which exceeds the current I 3 to the transistor M12, and the transistors M12r, 12 operates in the saturation region
- the voltage VBCS, channel lengths, channel widths, and the like of the transistors M12 and M12r are set.
- the voltage Vgs when the drain current of the transistor M12r is I 4 + I 0 is Vp4, and the voltage Vgs when the drain current of the transistor M12 is I 3 + I 0 is Vp3.
- the current mirror circuit by the transistors M11r and M11 functions. That is, the transistors M11r and M11 function as a cascode current mirror circuit together with the transistors M13r and M13. Therefore, each current I 0 flows through the transistor M11r, M11.
- the offset cancel circuit 70 is initialized.
- the voltage Vgs of the transistor MA2r is fixed to the voltage Vp4 by the capacitor C12r
- the voltage Vgs of the transistor MA2 is fixed to the voltage Vp3 by the capacitor C12. Therefore, the current supplied by the transistor M12r is I 4.
- the current supplied by transistor M12 is set to + I 0 and set to I 3 + I 0 .
- transistors MC1 and MC1r are applied as the capacitive elements C13 and C13r, respectively.
- the wiring WCS2 functions as a wiring that transmits an inverted signal of a signal sent to the wiring WCS. That is, when the transistors MA2 and MA2r are turned off, “H” is input to the gates of the transistors MC1 and MC1r. This suppresses the charge injection effect by the transistors MA2 and MA2r. For this reason, fluctuations in the voltage of the gates of the transistors M12 and M12r due to the charge injection effect can be reduced as compared with the offset cancel circuit 50, and the currents I 3 + I 0 and I 4 + I 0 flowing through the transistors M12 and M12r, respectively. Can be reduced.
- a voltage d 0 + d is input to the wiring VX. Since the transistors M2r and M2 are off, the voltages Vgs of the transistors M1r and M1 are w 0 + A sn (d 0 + d) and w 0 + w + A sn (d 0 + d), respectively. Therefore, I 2 and I 1 flow through the transistors M1r and M1 (see formulas (2.7) and (2.6)).
- the drain current of the transistor M11r becomes I 0 ⁇ (I 2 ⁇ I 4 ), and the drain current of the transistor M11 is copied to the transistor M11.
- a current ⁇ I 1 + I 3 ⁇ I 4 + I 2 flows through the node npr. That is, a current ⁇ Ipr (w, d) flows through the node npr (see Expression (2.11)).
- the read circuit 120 converts the current ⁇ Ipr (w, d) into a voltage.
- the offset cancel circuit 70 it can be from current I 1 generated by the circuit 10, to cancel the offset current to obtain a current proportional to the product w ⁇ d.
- the offset cancel circuit 80 shown in FIG. 13 is a unipolar circuit, and includes a circuit CS2, a circuit CS3, a circuit CS4, and a switch S21.
- the circuit CS2 includes transistors M22, M23, and M24, capacitive elements CD3 and CD4, and a terminal ct2.
- the circuit CS3 includes transistors M27, M28, and M29, and capacitive elements CD7 and CD8.
- the circuit CS4 includes transistors M32, M33, and M34, capacitive elements CD11 and CD12, and a terminal ct4.
- the circuit CS2 is a constant current circuit that generates a current output to the terminal ct2
- the circuit CS3 is a constant current circuit that generates a current output to the terminal ct3.
- the circuit CS2 has a function of generating a current based on the potential held at the first terminal of the capacitive element CD3 and the first terminal of the capacitive element CD4.
- the circuit CS3 includes the first terminal of the capacitive element CD7, And a function of generating a current based on the potential held at the first terminal of the capacitor CD8.
- the circuit CS4 is a current sink circuit that sucks current from the terminal ct4.
- the circuit CS4 has a function of sucking current through the source and drain of the transistor M32 and the transistor M33 based on the potential held at the first terminal of the capacitive element CD11 and the first terminal of the capacitive element CD12. .
- the first terminal of the transistor M22 is electrically connected to the voltage line that supplies the voltage VDD
- the second terminal of the transistor M22 and the back gate are electrically connected to the first terminal of the transistor M23
- the gate of the transistor M22 is electrically connected to the wiring SW2.
- the second terminal and back gate of the transistor M23 are electrically connected to the second terminal of the capacitor CD4 and the terminal ct2, and the gate of the transistor M23 is connected to the first terminal of the transistor M24 and the capacitor CD3.
- the second terminal of the transistor M24 is electrically connected to the wiring VAL for supplying an arbitrary voltage
- the gate of the transistor M24 is electrically connected to the wiring SW3
- the second terminal of the capacitor CD3 is connected to the wiring VAL. It is electrically connected to SW3B.
- the first terminal of the transistor M27 is electrically connected to the voltage line that supplies the voltage VDD
- the second terminal and the back gate of the transistor M27 are electrically connected to the first terminal of the transistor M28
- a gate of the transistor M27 is electrically connected to the wiring SW4.
- the second terminal and back gate of the transistor M28 are electrically connected to the second terminal of the capacitor CD8 and the terminal ct3, and the gate of the transistor M28 is connected to the first terminal of the transistor M29 and the capacitor CD7.
- the second terminal of the transistor M29 is electrically connected to the wiring VAL for supplying an arbitrary voltage
- the gate of the transistor M29 is electrically connected to the wiring SW5
- the second terminal of the capacitor CD7 is connected to the wiring VAL. It is electrically connected to SW5B.
- the arbitrary voltage given by the wiring VAL is a voltage higher than the voltage VSS.
- the first terminal of the transistor M32 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the transistor M34 and the terminal ct4, and the second terminal of the transistor M32 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the transistor M33.
- the gate of the transistor M32 is electrically connected to the wiring SW6.
- the second terminal of the transistor M33 is electrically connected to a voltage line that supplies the voltage VSS, the back gate of the transistor M33 is electrically connected to the voltage line that supplies the voltage VSS, and the gate of the transistor M33 is The second terminal of the transistor M34, the first terminal of the capacitive element CD11, and the first terminal of the capacitive element CD12 are electrically connected.
- the gate of the transistor M34 is electrically connected to the wiring SW7
- the second terminal of the capacitor CD11 is electrically connected to the wiring SW7B
- the second terminal of the capacitor CD12 is a voltage that supplies the voltage VSS. It is electrically connected to the wire.
- the first terminal of the switch S21 is electrically connected to the terminal ct2 and the wiring WX, and the second terminal of the switch S21 is electrically connected to the terminal ct3 and the terminal ct4.
- Each of the wirings SW1 to SW7 is a wiring to which one of a low level potential and a high level potential is applied.
- the wiring SW3B is a wiring to which an inverted signal of the signal input to the wiring SW3 is input
- the wiring SW5B is a wiring to which an inverted signal of the signal input to the wiring SW5 is input
- the wiring SW7B Is a wiring to which an inverted signal of the signal input to the wiring SW7 is input.
- Capacitance elements CD3, CD7, and CD11 are circuit elements for suppressing the charge injection effect that occurs when the transistors M24, M29, and M34 are turned off. Therefore, the offset cancel circuit 80 operates so that inverted signals of signals input to the gates of the transistors M24, M29, and M34 are input to the second terminals of the capacitive elements CD3, CD7, and CD11.
- the capacitive elements CD3, CD7, and CD11 it is preferable to use a transistor in which one of the two pairs of electrodes is a gate and the other is a terminal in which a source and a drain are electrically connected.
- the channel width is preferably 0.4 to 0.6 times the channel width of the transistors M24, M29, and M34, and more preferably 0.45 to 0.55 times.
- the channel length, not the channel width, may be 0.4 to 0.6 times, more preferably 0.45 to 0.55 times that of the transistors M24, M29, and M34.
- FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram for explaining the “first operation”
- FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram for explaining the “second operation”
- FIG. 16 explains the “third operation”.
- FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram for explaining the “fourth operation”.
- the readout circuit 120 and the circuit 10 are illustrated.
- the read circuit 120 and the circuit 10 are electrically connected to the terminal ct2 of the circuit CS2 of the offset cancel circuit 80. Note that the contents of the above embodiments are referred to for the reading circuit 120 and the circuit 10.
- the switch S21 is configured by an OS transistor having a back gate.
- the voltage VSS is assumed to be 0V for convenience.
- the first operation is an operation for setting the current supplied from the transistor M28 in the circuit CS3.
- the switch S20 is in an off state and the switch S21 is in an on state.
- the wiring SW2 is set to “L” and the wiring SW6 is set to “L”, so that the transistor M22 of the circuit CS2 and the transistor M32 of the circuit CS4 are turned off.
- the wiring BW, the voltage w 0 is input.
- VSS is first input to the wiring VX.
- the "H” wiring WW by turning on the transistors M2, the node sn1 voltage w 0 is written.
- the "L” wires WW after turning off the transistors M2, a voltage d 0 is input to the wiring VX. Accordingly, the voltage Vgs of the transistor M1 becomes w 0 + A sn d 0, and thus the current I 4 flows through the transistor M1 (see Expression (2.9)).
- the wiring SW4 is set to “H”, the wiring SW5 is set to “H”, and the transistors M27 and M29 are turned on.
- the voltage supplied from the wiring VAL is set.
- the drain current of the transistor M28 is illustrated as Vp8 the voltage Vgs when it is I 4.
- the wiring SW5 is set to “L”. Accordingly, the transistor M29 is turned off, and the voltage Vgs of the transistor M28 is fixed to the voltage Vp8 by the capacitive element CD8. Therefore, the transistor M28 is the current supplied is set to I 4.
- the capacitor element CD7 is a circuit element for suppressing the charge injection effect that occurs when the transistor M29 is turned off, so that when the transistor M29 is turned off, that is, the wiring SW5 is “L”. Then, the wiring SW5B becomes “H”.
- the second operation is an operation for setting the current supplied from the transistor M23 in the circuit CS2, and an operation for setting the current drawn by the transistor M33 in the circuit CS4.
- the switch S20 is in an off state and the switch S21 is in an off state.
- the voltage w 0 is input to the wiring BW.
- VSS is first input to the wiring VX.
- the "H" wiring WW by turning on the transistors M2, the node sn1 voltage w 0 is written.
- the wiring WW is set to “L” and the transistor M2 is turned off. Note that when the second operation is performed subsequent to the first operation, the voltage w 0 is already written in the node sn1, and thus the above-described write operation is not necessary.
- the wiring SW2 is set to “H”, the wiring SW3 is set to “H”, and the transistors M22 and M24 are turned on.
- the voltage supplied from the wiring VAL is set.
- the voltage Vgs when the drain current of the transistor M23 is I 2 is shown as Vp7.
- the wiring SW3 is set to “L”. Accordingly, the transistor M24 is turned off, and the voltage Vgs of the transistor M23 is fixed to the voltage Vp7 by the capacitive element CD4. Therefore, the transistor M24 is the current supplied is set to I 2.
- the capacitive element CD3 is a circuit element for suppressing the charge injection effect that occurs when the transistor M24 is turned off, so that when the transistor M24 is turned off, that is, the wiring SW3 is “L”. Then, the wiring SW3B becomes “H”.
- the wiring SW6 is set to “H”, the wiring SW7 is set to “H”, and the transistors M32 and M34 are turned on.
- the transistor M33 has a diode-connected configuration in which the drain and the gate are electrically connected. Therefore, the transistor M33, so that current flows I 4 flowing from the circuit CS3, the voltage Vgs of the transistor M33 is set.
- the drain current of the transistor M33 is illustrated as Vp9 the voltage Vgs when it is I 4. Further, when the size, structure, etc. of the transistor M33 are the same as those of the transistor M28, Vp9 may be the same voltage as Vp8.
- the wiring SW7 is set to “L”. Accordingly, the transistor M34 is turned off, and the voltage Vgs of the transistor M33 is fixed to the voltage Vp9 by the capacitive element CD12. Therefore, the transistor M28 is the current supplied is set to I 4.
- the capacitive element CD11 is a circuit element for suppressing the charge injection effect that occurs when the transistor M34 is turned from the on state to the off state. Therefore, when the transistor M34 is turned off, that is, the wiring SW7 is “L”. Then, the wiring SW7B becomes “H”.
- the third operation is an operation for setting the current supplied from the transistor M28 in the circuit CS3.
- the switch S20 is in an off state and the switch S21 is in an on state.
- the wiring SW2 is set to “L” and the wiring SW6 is set to “L”, and the transistor M22 of the circuit CS2 and the transistor M32 of the circuit CS4 are turned off.
- a voltage w 0 + w is input to the wiring BW.
- VSS is first input to the wiring VX.
- the voltage w 0 + w is written to the node sn1.
- the wiring WW is set to “L” and the transistor M2 is turned off, d 0 is input to the wiring VX. Accordingly, the voltage Vgs of the transistor M1 becomes w 0 + w + A sn d 0, and thus the current I 3 flows through the transistor M1 (see Expression (2.8)).
- the wiring SW4 is set to “H”
- the wiring SW5 is set to “H”
- the transistors M27 and M29 are turned on.
- the voltage supplied from the wiring VAL is set.
- the drain current of the transistor M28 is illustrated as Vp10 the voltage Vgs when it is I 3.
- the wiring SW5 is set to “L”. Accordingly, the transistor M29 is turned off, and the voltage Vgs of the transistor M28 is fixed to the voltage Vp10 by the capacitive element CD8. Therefore, the transistor M28 is the current supplied is set to I 3.
- ⁇ 4th operation the read circuit 120 is set using the currents I 2 , I 3 , and I 4 set in the first operation to the third operation in the circuit 10 by setting the current I 1 flowing through the transistor M 1.
- the current ⁇ I 1 + I 3 ⁇ I 4 + I 2 flows through the node npr.
- the voltage w 0 + w is input to the wiring BW.
- VSS is first input to the wiring VX.
- the voltage w 0 + w is written to the node sn1.
- the wiring WW is set to “L” and the transistor M2 is turned off, d 0 + d is input to the wiring VX.
- the voltage Vgs of the transistor M1 becomes (w 0 + w) + A sn (d 0 + d), so that the current I 1 flows in the transistor M1 (see Expression (2.6)).
- circuit CS2 outputs a current I 2 from the terminal ct2
- circuit CS3 outputs a current I 3 from the terminal ct3
- circuit CS4 is sucked out of the current I 2 from the terminal CT4.
- a current ⁇ I 1 + I 3 ⁇ I 4 + I 2 flows through the node npr. That is, a current ⁇ Ipr (w, d) flows through the node npr (see Expression (2.11)).
- the read circuit 120 converts the current ⁇ Ipr (w, d) into a voltage.
- the offset cancel circuit 80 it can be from current I 1 generated by the circuit 10, to cancel the offset current to obtain a current proportional to the product w ⁇ d.
- An artificial neural network refers to all models that mimic biological neural networks.
- a neural network has a configuration in which units simulating neurons are connected to each other via units simulating synapses.
- Synaptic connection strength (also called weighting factor) can be changed by giving existing information to the neural network. In this way, the process of giving existing information to the neural network and determining the coupling strength is sometimes called “learning”.
- new information can be output based on the connection strength by giving some information to the neural network that has been “learned” (the connection strength is determined).
- the connection strength is determined.
- a process of outputting new information based on given information and connection strength may be referred to as “inference” or “cognition”.
- Examples of neural network models include a hop field type and a hierarchical type.
- a neural network having a multilayer structure is referred to as a “deep neural network” (DNN), and in this embodiment, a hierarchical neural network having many layers will be described.
- DNN deep neural network
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hierarchical neural network.
- the (k ⁇ 1) th layer (here, k is an integer of 2 or more) is a neuron N 1 (k ⁇ 1) as a total of m neurons (where m is an integer of 1 or more ).
- Thru neurons N m (k ⁇ 1) and the k-th layer is a total of n neurons (where n is an integer of 1 or more), and the neurons N 1 (k) to N n (k ) .
- the (k ⁇ 1) th layer neurons N 1 (k ⁇ 1) , N i (k ⁇ 1) , N m (k ⁇ 1) , the kth layer neurons N 1 (k) , N j (k) and N n (k) are illustrated, and the other neurons are omitted.
- a neuron N i (k ⁇ 1) (where i is an integer of 1 to m) outputs an output signal z i (k) and a neuron N j (k) ( Here, j is an integer of 1 to n.)
- the product of the output signal z i (k ⁇ 1) and the weight coefficient w i (k ⁇ 1) j (k) is input. . Note that the larger the weight coefficient, the larger the signal transmitted and received between the neurons.
- the signal w m (k ⁇ 1) j (k) ⁇ z m (k ⁇ 1) to be sent to is described as a code, and the description of other signal codes is omitted.
- the function f (u j (k) ) is an activation function in the hierarchical neural network, and a step function, a linear ramp function, a sigmoid function, or the like can be used. Note that the activation function may be the same in all neurons or may be different. In addition, the output function of the neuron may be the same or different for each layer.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an arithmetic circuit.
- the arithmetic circuit 201A includes an offset cancel circuit 90, a drive circuit 110, a read circuit 120, and a memory cell array MCA.
- the offset cancel circuit 90 the offset cancel circuit 50 described in the second embodiment or the offset cancel circuit 70 described in the third embodiment can be applied.
- the memory cell array MCA has m ⁇ 2 memory cells.
- the memory cells are arranged in a matrix of m rows and 2 columns.
- the circuit 10 and the circuit 10r described in the above embodiment are applied as memory cells to the first and second columns of the memory cell array MCA shown in FIG.
- the circuits 10 and 10r in the i-th row are described as circuits 10 [i] and 10r [i], respectively.
- the readout circuit 120 described in Embodiments 2 and 3 can be applied to the readout circuit 120.
- Embodiment Mode 3 the electrical connection among the offset cancel circuit 90, the circuits 10 [1] to 10 [m], the circuits 10r [1] to 10r [m], and the reading circuit 120 is described in Embodiment 2.
- the description of Embodiment Mode 3 is taken into consideration. That is, when the offset cancel circuit 90 is the offset cancel circuit 50, the wiring WX is electrically connected to the node ot3 of the current source circuit 30, and the wiring WXr is electrically connected to the node ot3 of the current source circuit 30r. .
- the wiring WX is electrically connected to the node ot3 of the current source circuit 60, and the wiring WXr is electrically connected to the node ot3 of the current source circuit 60r. .
- the wiring WX is electrically connected to each node wx of the circuits 10 [1] to 10 [m] and the node inro of the reading circuit 120, and the wiring WXr is connected to the circuits 10r [1] to 10r [ m] is electrically connected to each node wx.
- the node ot3, the node wx, and the node inro are not illustrated.
- the driving circuit 110 has a function of applying a predetermined signal (or voltage) to each node vx of the circuits 10 and 10r via the wiring VX.
- the arithmetic circuit 201A has m wiring lines VX because the memory cell array MCA has m rows.
- the i-th row wiring VX is referred to as a wiring VX [i].
- the driver circuit 110 can be the driver circuit 108 described in Embodiment 1.
- a weighting coefficient w i (k ⁇ 1) j (k) between the neuron N i (k ⁇ 1) and the neuron N j (k) is used as data w, and a voltage is applied to the node sn1 of the circuit 10 [i].
- w 0 + w i (k ⁇ 1) j (k) is held, and the voltage w 0 is held at the node sn1 of the circuit 10r [i].
- Expression (3.7) is obtained by using the signal z i (k ⁇ 1) input from the neuron N i (k ⁇ 1) to the neuron N j (k) , the neuron N i (k ⁇ 1), and the neuron N j ( a weight coefficient w i between k) (k-1) j (k), of the product indicates a current value corresponding to a value obtained by adding from 1 to m for i.
- the current shown in Expression (2.10) is supplied to the reading circuit 120. Therefore, the current of Expression (3.7) is supplied to the reading circuit 120.
- Expression (3.1) input to the neuron N j (k) can be obtained.
- the output signal z j (k) of the neuron N j (k) is output from the readout circuit 120. Can do.
- FIG. 20 shows a configuration example of another arithmetic circuit different from the arithmetic circuit 201A.
- the arithmetic circuit 201B includes n offset cancel circuits 90, a memory cell array MCA, and read circuits 120 included in the arithmetic circuit 201A.
- n offset cancel circuits 90 are described as offset cancel circuits 90 [1] to 90 [n], respectively, and n memory cell arrays MCA are respectively memory cell arrays MCA [1] to MCA [n].
- the n readout circuits 120 are referred to as readout circuits 120 [1] to 120 [n], respectively.
- the arithmetic circuit 201B includes a driving circuit 110 similar to the arithmetic circuit 201A.
- the driving circuit 110 connects the memory cell arrays MCA [1] to MCA [via wirings VX [1] to VX [m]. n] are electrically connected.
- the arithmetic circuit 201B, the offset cancel circuits 90 [1] and 90 [n], the memory cell arrays MCA [1] and MCA [n], the read circuits 120 [1] and 120 [n], and the drive circuit 110 The circuit 10 [1], the circuit 10 [i], the circuit 10 [m], the circuit 10r [1], the circuit 10r [i], the circuit 10r [m], and the memory cell array MCA [n] included in the memory cell array MCA [1]. ] Are electrically connected to the circuit 10 [1], the circuit 10 [i], the circuit 10 [m], the circuit 10r [1], the circuit 10r [i], the circuit 10r [m], and the offset cancel circuit 90 [1].
- Wiring WX and wiring WXr connected, wiring WX and wiring WXr electrically connected to offset cancel circuit 90 [n], wiring WX [1], wiring WX [i], wiring WX [m It has shown a block diagram otherwise, wiring, and are omitted code.
- a plurality of calculations of Formula (3.1) can be performed simultaneously.
- the calculation of z j (k) is performed by paying attention to the neuron N j (k) in the k-th layer shown in FIG. 18, but the arithmetic circuit 201B shown in FIG. 20 is used.
- z 1 (k) to z n (k) output from each of the neurons N 1 (k) to neurons N n (k) in the k- th layer shown in FIG. 18 can be calculated simultaneously.
- a voltage w i (k ) is applied to the node sn1 of the circuit 10 [i] of the memory cell array MCA [1] as a weighting coefficient between the neuron N i (k ⁇ 1) and the neuron N 1 (k).
- -1) 1 (k) is held, and w 0 is held in the node sn1 of the circuit 10r [i] of the memory cell array MCA [1].
- the node sn1 of the circuit 10 [i] of the memory cell array MCA [n] has a voltage w i (k ⁇ 1) n ( as a weighting factor between the neurons N i (k ⁇ 1) and the neurons N n (k).
- the weight between the neuron N i (k ⁇ 1) and the neuron N j (k) is applied to the node sn1 of the circuit 10 [j] of the memory cell array MCA [j].
- the voltage w i (k ⁇ 1) j (k) is held as a coefficient, and w 0 is held at the node sn1 of the circuit 10r [i] of the memory cell array MCA [1].
- the readout circuit 120 [1] causes the neuron N 1 (k) to operate.
- the input u 1 (k) can be calculated.
- the calculated offset cancel circuit 90 [n], the memory cell array MCA [n], by operating the driving circuit 110, u n to be input to the neuron N n (k) in the read circuit 120 [n] and (k) can do.
- the readout circuit 120 [j] causes the neuron N j (k) to operate by operating the offset cancel circuit 90 [j], the memory cell array MCA [j], and the drive circuit 110.
- the input u j (k) can be calculated. After that, z 1 (k) to z n (k) can be obtained from u 1 (k) to u n (k) by the reading circuits 120 [1] to 120 [n], respectively.
- the arithmetic circuit 201B of FIG. 20 the circuit 10r [1] to 10r [m] each node in sn1 having respective memory cell array MCA [1] to MCA [n] is the voltage w 0 is held Yes. For this reason, the amount of current flowing through each wiring WXr electrically connected to the offset cancel circuits 90 [1] to 90 [n] is equal.
- the arithmetic circuit 201B in FIG. 20 can be changed to a configuration in which the memory cell arrays MCA [1] to MCA [n] share the circuits 10r [1] to 10r [m].
- FIG. 20 The arithmetic circuit 201C has a configuration in which the memory cell arrays MCA [1] to MCA [n] are combined into one memory cell array MCA.
- the memory cell array MCA includes circuits 10 [1,1] to 10 [m, n], and a circuit 10r [i] as a replica circuit corresponding to the circuits 10 [i, 1] to 10 [i, n] for each row. ]. That is, the memory cell array MCA has a configuration in which m ⁇ n circuits 10 and m ⁇ 1 circuits 10r are arranged in an m ⁇ (n + 1) matrix.
- the offset cancel circuit 90 is electrically connected to the memory cell array MCA via the wiring WX [j].
- the wiring WX [j] is electrically connected to the circuits 10 [1, j] to 10 [m, j] and the reading circuit 120 [j].
- the offset cancel circuit 90 illustrated in FIG. 21 can cancel the offset current flowing through each of the wirings WX [1] to WX [n] with reference to the current flowing through the wiring WXr.
- the arithmetic circuit 201C can calculate u 1 (k) to u n (k) input to each of the neurons N 1 (k) to N n (k) by the same operation as the arithmetic circuit 201B. .
- FIG. 22A is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an arithmetic circuit to which the offset cancel circuit 80 described in the fourth embodiment is applied as the offset cancel circuit.
- the arithmetic circuit 202A includes an offset cancel circuit 80, a drive circuit 110, a read circuit 120, and a memory cell array MCA.
- the memory cell array MCA has m ⁇ 1 memory cells.
- the memory cells are arranged in a matrix of m rows and 1 column.
- the circuit 10 described in the above embodiment is applied as a memory cell of the memory cell array MCA illustrated in FIG.
- the circuit 10 in the i-th row is referred to as a circuit 10 [i].
- the readout circuit 120 described in Embodiment 4 can be applied to the readout circuit 120.
- Embodiment Mode 4 the electrical connection among the offset cancel circuit 80, the circuits 10 [1] to 10 [m], and the readout circuit 120. That is, the wiring WX is electrically connected to the terminal ct2 of the circuit CS2. The wiring WX is electrically connected to each node wx of the circuits 10 [1] to 10 [m] and the node inro of the reading circuit 120.
- the drive circuit 110 has a function of applying a predetermined signal (or voltage) to the node vx of the circuit 10 via the wiring VX.
- the arithmetic circuit 202A has m wirings VX because the memory cell array MCA has m rows.
- the i-th row wiring VX is referred to as a wiring VX [i].
- the driver circuit 110 can be the driver circuit 108 described in Embodiment 1.
- the voltage w 0 is held at the node sn1 of the circuit 10 [i]. Thereafter, by applying a voltage d 0 to the wiring VX [i], the current I 4 shown in the equation (3.6) can be output from the offset cancel circuit 80.
- the voltage w 0 is held at the node sn1 of the circuit 10 [i].
- a signal input from the neuron N i (k ⁇ 1) to the neuron N j (k) is set as z i (k ⁇ 1) , and the voltage d 0 + z i (k ⁇ 1 ) is applied to the wiring VX [i].
- the weight coefficient between the neuron N i (k ⁇ 1) and the neuron N j (k) is set to w i (k ⁇ 1) j (k) , and the circuit 10 [ i] holds the voltage w 0 + w i (k ⁇ 1) j (k) at the node sn1. Thereafter, by applying the voltage d 0 to the wiring VX [i], the current I 3 shown in the equation (3.5) can be output from the offset cancel circuit 80.
- the voltage w 0 + w i (k ⁇ 1) j (k) is held at the node sn1 of the circuit 10 [i]. Thereafter, by applying a voltage d 0 + z i (k ⁇ 1) to the wiring VX [i], the current I 1 shown in the equation (3.3) can be output from the offset cancel circuit 80. . At this time, the offset current is canceled by the operation of the offset cancel circuit 80.
- the output signal z j (k) of the neuron N j (k) is output from the readout circuit 120. Can do.
- FIG. 22B shows a structural example of another arithmetic circuit different from the arithmetic circuit 202A.
- the arithmetic circuit 202B includes n offset cancel circuits 80 and read circuits 120 included in the arithmetic circuit 202A.
- the memory cell array MCA of the arithmetic circuit 202B has m ⁇ n circuits 10 and the circuits 10 are arranged in a matrix of m rows and n columns.
- the n offset cancel circuits 80 are described as offset cancel circuits 80 [1] to 80 [n], respectively, and the n read circuits 120 are read circuits 120 [1] to 120, respectively. [N].
- the arithmetic circuit 202B includes a driving circuit 110 similar to the arithmetic circuit 202A.
- the driving circuit 110 is electrically connected to the memory cell array MCA via wirings VX [1] to VX [m]. ing.
- the wiring VX [i], the wiring VX [m], and the memory cell array MCA are illustrated, and other block diagrams, wirings, and symbols are omitted.
- a plurality of expressions (3.1) can be calculated simultaneously.
- z j (k) is calculated by paying attention to the kth layer neuron N j (k) shown in FIG.
- u 1 (k) to u n (k) input to each of the neurons N 1 (k) to neurons N n (k) in the k- th layer shown in FIG. 18 are calculated simultaneously. can do.
- the arithmetic circuit included in the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the arithmetic circuit described in this embodiment.
- the arithmetic circuit included in the semiconductor device according to one embodiment of the present invention can have a structure in which the arithmetic circuit described in this embodiment is changed as appropriate.
- a semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 23 includes a transistor 300, a transistor 500, and a capacitor 600.
- 25A is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 500 in the channel length direction
- FIG. 25B is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 500 in the channel width direction
- FIG. 25C is a cross-sectional view of the transistor 300 in the channel width direction.
- the transistor 500 is a transistor (OS transistor) having a metal oxide in a channel formation region. Since the transistor 500 has a small off-state current, it is used for a semiconductor device, in particular, the transistors M2 and M3 of the circuit 10, the transistors MA1 and MA2 of the current source circuit 30, the transistors M24, M29, and M34 of the offset cancel circuit 80, and the like. It is possible to retain written data over a long period of time. That is, since the frequency of the refresh operation is low or the refresh operation is not required, the power consumption of the semiconductor device can be reduced.
- the semiconductor device described in this embodiment includes a transistor 300, a transistor 500, and a capacitor 600 as illustrated in FIG.
- the transistor 500 is provided above the transistor 300
- the capacitor 600 is provided above the transistor 300 and the transistor 500.
- the capacitor 600 may be the capacitor C1 in the circuit 10 or the like.
- the transistor 300 includes a conductor 316, an insulator 315, a semiconductor region 313 including a part of the substrate 311, a low resistance region 314a functioning as a source region or a drain region, and a low resistance region 314b. .
- the transistor 300 can be used, for example, as the transistor M1 in the above embodiment.
- the transistor 300 as illustrated in FIG. 25C, the upper surface of the semiconductor region 313 and the side surface in the channel width direction are covered with the conductor 316 with the insulator 315 interposed therebetween.
- the transistor 300 is of the Fin type, an effective channel width is increased, whereby the on-state characteristics of the transistor 300 can be improved.
- the contribution of the electric field of the gate electrode can be increased, off characteristics of the transistor 300 can be improved.
- the transistor 300 may be either a p-channel type or an n-channel type.
- the region in which the channel of the semiconductor region 313 is formed, the region in the vicinity thereof, the low resistance region 314a that serves as the source region or the drain region, the low resistance region 314b, and the like preferably include a semiconductor such as a silicon semiconductor. It preferably contains crystalline silicon. Alternatively, a material containing Ge (germanium), SiGe (silicon germanium), GaAs (gallium arsenide), GaAlAs (gallium aluminum arsenide), or the like may be used. A structure using silicon in which effective mass is controlled by applying stress to the crystal lattice and changing the lattice spacing may be employed. Alternatively, the transistor 300 may be a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) by using GaAs, GaAlAs, or the like.
- HEMT High Electron Mobility Transistor
- the low-resistance region 314a and the low-resistance region 314b provide an n-type conductivity element such as arsenic or phosphorus, or p-type conductivity such as boron, in addition to the semiconductor material used for the semiconductor region 313. Containing elements.
- the conductor 316 functioning as a gate electrode includes a semiconductor material such as silicon, a metal material, an alloy containing an element imparting n-type conductivity such as arsenic or phosphorus, or an element imparting p-type conductivity such as boron.
- a conductive material such as a material or a metal oxide material can be used.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor can be adjusted by selecting the material of the conductor. Specifically, it is preferable to use a material such as titanium nitride or tantalum nitride for the conductor. Further, in order to achieve both conductivity and embeddability, it is preferable to use a metal material such as tungsten or aluminum as a laminate for the conductor, and tungsten is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the transistor 300 illustrated in FIGS. 23A and 23B is an example, and is not limited to the structure, and an appropriate transistor may be used depending on a circuit configuration or a driving method.
- the structure of the transistor 300 may be similar to that of the transistor 500 including an oxide semiconductor as illustrated in FIG. Note that details of the transistor 500 will be described later.
- An insulator 320, an insulator 322, an insulator 324, and an insulator 326 are stacked in this order so as to cover the transistor 300.
- the insulator 320, the insulator 322, the insulator 324, and the insulator 326 for example, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum oxynitride, aluminum nitride oxide, aluminum nitride, or the like is used. That's fine.
- silicon oxynitride refers to a material having a higher oxygen content than nitrogen as its composition
- silicon nitride oxide refers to a material having a higher nitrogen content than oxygen as its composition.
- aluminum oxynitride refers to a material having a higher oxygen content than nitrogen as its composition
- aluminum nitride oxide refers to a material having a higher nitrogen content than oxygen as its composition.
- the insulator 322 may have a function as a planarization film that planarizes a step generated by the transistor 300 or the like provided thereunder.
- the upper surface of the insulator 322 may be planarized by a planarization process using a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) method or the like to improve planarity.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the insulator 324 is preferably formed using a film having a barrier property such that hydrogen and impurities do not diffuse from the substrate 311 or the transistor 300 into a region where the transistor 500 is provided.
- a film having a barrier property against hydrogen for example, silicon nitride formed by a CVD method can be used.
- silicon nitride formed by a CVD method when hydrogen diffuses into a semiconductor element including an oxide semiconductor such as the transistor 500, characteristics of the semiconductor element may be deteriorated. Therefore, a film for suppressing hydrogen diffusion is preferably used between the transistor 500 and the transistor 300.
- the film that suppresses the diffusion of hydrogen is a film with a small amount of hydrogen desorption.
- the amount of desorption of hydrogen can be analyzed using, for example, a temperature programmed desorption gas analysis method (TDS).
- TDS temperature programmed desorption gas analysis method
- the amount of hydrogen desorbed from the insulator 324 is calculated by converting the amount of desorption converted into hydrogen atoms per area of the insulator 324 in the range of the surface temperature of the film from 50 ° C. to 500 ° C. in TDS analysis. 10 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 or less, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 15 atoms / cm 2 or less.
- the insulator 326 preferably has a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 324.
- the dielectric constant of the insulator 326 is preferably less than 4, and more preferably less than 3.
- the relative dielectric constant of the insulator 326 is preferably equal to or less than 0.7 times, more preferably equal to or less than 0.6 times that of the insulator 324.
- the insulator 320, the insulator 322, the insulator 324, and the insulator 326 are embedded with the capacitor 600 or the conductor 328 connected to the transistor 500, the conductor 330, and the like.
- the conductor 328 and the conductor 330 function as plugs or wirings.
- a conductor having a function as a plug or a wiring may be given the same reference numeral by collecting a plurality of structures.
- the wiring and the plug connected to the wiring may be integrated. That is, a part of the conductor may function as a wiring, and a part of the conductor may function as a plug.
- each plug and wiring As a material of each plug and wiring (conductor 328, conductor 330, etc.), a conductive material such as a metal material, an alloy material, a metal nitride material, or a metal oxide material is used as a single layer or a stacked layer. be able to. It is preferable to use a high melting point material such as tungsten or molybdenum that has both heat resistance and conductivity, and it is preferable to use tungsten. Alternatively, it is possible to reduce the wiring resistance by using a low resistance conductive material which is preferably formed of a low resistance conductive material such as aluminum or copper.
- a wiring layer may be provided over the insulator 326 and the conductor 330.
- an insulator 350, an insulator 352, and an insulator 354 are sequentially stacked.
- a conductor 356 is formed in the insulator 350, the insulator 352, and the insulator 354.
- the conductor 356 functions as a plug connected to the transistor 300 or a wiring. Note that the conductor 356 can be provided using a material similar to that of the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- the insulator 350 is preferably an insulator having a barrier property against hydrogen, similarly to the insulator 324.
- the conductor 356 preferably includes a conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- a conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen is formed in an opening portion of the insulator 350 having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- tantalum nitride may be used as the conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen. Further, by stacking tantalum nitride and tungsten having high conductivity, diffusion of hydrogen from the transistor 300 can be suppressed while maintaining conductivity as a wiring. In this case, it is preferable that the tantalum nitride layer having a barrier property against hydrogen be in contact with the insulator 350 having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- a wiring layer may be provided over the insulator 354 and the conductor 356.
- an insulator 360, an insulator 362, and an insulator 364 are provided in this order.
- a conductor 366 is formed in the insulator 360, the insulator 362, and the insulator 364.
- the conductor 366 functions as a plug or a wiring. Note that the conductor 366 can be provided using a material similar to that of the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- an insulator having a barrier property against hydrogen is preferably used as the insulator 360.
- the conductor 366 preferably includes a conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- a conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen is formed in an opening of the insulator 360 having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- a wiring layer may be provided over the insulator 364 and the conductor 366.
- an insulator 370, an insulator 372, and an insulator 374 are sequentially stacked.
- a conductor 376 is formed in the insulator 370, the insulator 372, and the insulator 374.
- the conductor 376 functions as a plug or a wiring. Note that the conductor 376 can be provided using a material similar to that of the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- the insulator 370 is preferably an insulator having a barrier property against hydrogen, similarly to the insulator 324.
- the conductor 376 preferably includes a conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- a conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen is formed in an opening portion of the insulator 370 having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- a wiring layer may be provided over the insulator 374 and the conductor 376.
- an insulator 380, an insulator 382, and an insulator 384 are stacked in this order.
- a conductor 386 is formed over the insulator 380, the insulator 382, and the insulator 384.
- the conductor 386 has a function as a plug or a wiring. Note that the conductor 386 can be provided using a material similar to that of the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- an insulator having a barrier property against hydrogen is preferably used as the insulator 380.
- the conductor 386 preferably includes a conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- a conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen is formed in an opening portion of the insulator 380 having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- the semiconductor device has been described above, the semiconductor device according to this embodiment It is not limited to this.
- the number of wiring layers similar to the wiring layer including the conductor 356 may be three or less, or the number of wiring layers similar to the wiring layer including the conductor 356 may be five or more.
- an insulator 510, an insulator 512, an insulator 514, and an insulator 516 are sequentially stacked.
- Any of the insulator 510, the insulator 512, the insulator 514, and the insulator 516 is preferably formed using a substance having a barrier property against oxygen or hydrogen.
- a film having a barrier property so that hydrogen and impurities do not diffuse from a region where the substrate 311 or the transistor 300 is provided to a region where the transistor 500 is provided for example.
- a material similar to that of the insulator 324 can be used.
- silicon nitride formed by a CVD method can be used as an example of a film having a barrier property against hydrogen.
- silicon nitride formed by a CVD method when hydrogen diffuses into a semiconductor element including an oxide semiconductor such as the transistor 500, characteristics of the semiconductor element may be deteriorated. Therefore, a film for suppressing hydrogen diffusion is preferably used between the transistor 500 and the transistor 300.
- the film that suppresses the diffusion of hydrogen is a film with a small amount of hydrogen desorption.
- a metal oxide such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or tantalum oxide is preferably used for the insulator 510 and the insulator 514.
- aluminum oxide has a high blocking effect that prevents the film from permeating both oxygen and impurities such as hydrogen and moisture, which cause fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor. Therefore, aluminum oxide can prevent impurities such as hydrogen and moisture from entering the transistor 500 during and after the manufacturing process of the transistor. In addition, release of oxygen from the oxide included in the transistor 500 can be suppressed. Therefore, it is suitable for use as a protective film for the transistor 500.
- the insulator 512 and the insulator 516 can be formed using the same material as the insulator 320.
- a material having a relatively low dielectric constant to these insulators, parasitic capacitance generated between wirings can be reduced.
- a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or the like can be used as the insulator 512 and the insulator 516.
- a conductor 518 In the insulator 510, the insulator 512, the insulator 514, and the insulator 516, a conductor 518, a conductor included in the transistor 500 (eg, the conductor 503), and the like are embedded. Note that the conductor 518 functions as a plug or a wiring connected to the capacitor 600 or the transistor 300.
- the conductor 518 can be provided using a material similar to that of the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- the insulator 510 and the conductor 518 in a region in contact with the insulator 514 are preferably conductors having a barrier property against oxygen, hydrogen, and water.
- the transistor 300 and the transistor 500 can be separated by a layer having a barrier property against oxygen, hydrogen, and water, and diffusion of hydrogen from the transistor 300 to the transistor 500 can be suppressed.
- a transistor 500 is provided above the insulator 516.
- the transistor 500 includes a conductor 503 which is embedded in the insulator 514 and the insulator 516, and the insulator 516 and the conductor 503.
- An insulator 520 disposed; an insulator 522 disposed on the insulator 520; an insulator 524 disposed on the insulator 522; an oxide 530a disposed on the insulator 524; An oxide 530b disposed over the oxide 530a, a conductor 542a and a conductor 542b disposed separately from each other on the oxide 530b, a conductor 542a and a conductor 542b, and the conductor 542a Insulator 580 in which an opening is formed so as to overlap between conductors 542b, oxide 530c disposed on the bottom and side surfaces of the opening, and insulator disposed on a surface on which oxide 530c is formed
- the insulator 544 is provided between the oxide 530a, the oxide 530b, the conductor 542a, the conductor 542b, and the insulator 580. It is preferable.
- the conductor 560 is provided so as to be embedded inside the conductor 560a and the conductor 560a provided inside the insulator 550.
- a conductor 560b. 25A and 25B, the insulator 574 is preferably provided over the insulator 580, the conductor 560, and the insulator 550.
- oxide 530a the oxide 530b, and the oxide 530c may be collectively referred to as an oxide 530.
- the transistor 500 a structure in which three layers of the oxide 530a, the oxide 530b, and the oxide 530c are stacked in the vicinity of the region where the channel is formed is described; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. It is not a thing. For example, a single layer of the oxide 530b, a two-layer structure of the oxide 530b and the oxide 530a, a two-layer structure of the oxide 530b and the oxide 530c, or a stacked structure of four or more layers may be provided.
- the conductor 560 is illustrated as a two-layer structure; however, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 560 may have a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including three or more layers.
- the transistor 500 illustrated in FIGS. 23, 25A, and 25B is an example and is not limited to the structure, and an appropriate transistor may be used depending on a circuit configuration or a driving method.
- the conductor 560 functions as a gate electrode of the transistor, and the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b function as a source electrode or a drain electrode, respectively.
- the conductor 560 is formed so as to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 580 and the region sandwiched between the conductors 542a and 542b.
- the arrangement of the conductor 560, the conductor 542a, and the conductor 542b is selected in a self-aligned manner with respect to the opening of the insulator 580. That is, in the transistor 500, the gate electrode can be disposed in a self-aligned manner between the source electrode and the drain electrode. Therefore, the conductor 560 can be formed without providing a margin for alignment, so that the area occupied by the transistor 500 can be reduced. Thereby, miniaturization and high integration of the semiconductor device can be achieved.
- the conductor 560 is formed in a self-aligned manner in a region between the conductors 542a and 542b, the conductor 560 does not have a region overlapping with the conductor 542a or the conductor 542b. Accordingly, parasitic capacitance formed between the conductor 560 and the conductors 542a and 542b can be reduced. Thus, the switching speed of the transistor 500 can be improved and high frequency characteristics can be obtained.
- the conductor 560 may function as a first gate (also referred to as a top gate) electrode.
- the conductor 503 may function as a second gate (also referred to as a bottom gate) electrode.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 500 can be controlled by changing the potential applied to the conductor 503 independently of the potential applied to the conductor 560 without being linked.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 500 can be higher than 0 V and the off-state current can be reduced. Therefore, when a negative potential is applied to the conductor 503, the drain current when the potential applied to the conductor 560 is 0 V can be made smaller than when a negative potential is not applied.
- the conductor 503 is disposed so as to overlap with the oxide 530 and the conductor 560. Accordingly, when a potential is applied to the conductor 560 and the conductor 503, the electric field generated from the conductor 560 and the electric field generated from the conductor 503 are connected to cover the channel formation region formed in the oxide 530. Can do.
- a transistor structure in which a channel formation region is electrically surrounded by an electric field of the first gate electrode and the second gate electrode is referred to as a surrounded channel (S-channel) structure.
- the conductor 503 has the same structure as that of the conductor 518, and a conductor 503a is formed in contact with the inner walls of the openings of the insulator 514 and the insulator 516, and a conductor 503b is further formed inside.
- the transistor 500 has a structure in which the conductors 503a and 503b are stacked, the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the conductor 503 may be provided as a single layer or a stacked structure including three or more layers.
- the conductor 503a is preferably formed using a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, and copper atoms (the impurities are difficult to transmit).
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen for example, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, and the like
- the function of suppressing diffusion of impurities or oxygen is a function of suppressing diffusion of any one or all of the impurities and oxygen.
- the conductor 503a since the conductor 503a has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen, it can be suppressed that the conductor 503b is oxidized and the conductivity is lowered.
- the conductor 503b is preferably formed using a highly conductive material mainly containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum. In that case, the conductor 505 is not necessarily provided. Note that although the conductor 503b is illustrated as a single layer, it may have a stacked structure, for example, a stack of titanium, titanium nitride, and the above conductive material.
- the insulator 520, the insulator 522, and the insulator 524 function as a second gate insulating film.
- the insulator 524 in contact with the oxide 530 is preferably an insulator containing more oxygen than oxygen that satisfies the stoichiometric composition. That is, it is preferable that an excess oxygen region be formed in the insulator 524.
- an insulator containing excess oxygen in contact with the oxide 530 oxygen vacancies in the oxide 530 can be reduced and the reliability of the transistor 500 can be improved.
- an oxide material from which part of oxygen is released by heating is preferably used as the insulator having an excess oxygen region.
- the oxide that desorbs oxygen by heating means that the amount of desorbed oxygen in terms of oxygen atom is 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or more, preferably 1 in TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy) analysis.
- the oxide film has a thickness of 0.0 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 or more, more preferably 2.0 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 or more, or 3.0 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 or more.
- the surface temperature of the film at the time of the TDS analysis is preferably in the range of 100 ° C. to 700 ° C.
- the insulator 522 preferably has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (for example, oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules) (the oxygen hardly transmits).
- the insulator 522 have a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen and impurities so that oxygen included in the oxide 530 does not diffuse to the insulator 520 side. Further, the conductor 503 can be prevented from reacting with the oxygen included in the insulator 524 and the oxide 530.
- the insulator 522 includes, for example, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, aluminum and an oxide containing hafnium (hafnium aluminate), tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), or An insulator containing a so-called high-k material such as (Ba, Sr) TiO 3 (BST) is preferably used in a single layer or a stacked layer. As transistor miniaturization and higher integration progress, problems such as leakage current may occur due to the thinning of the gate insulating film. By using a high-k material for the insulator functioning as a gate insulating film, the gate potential during transistor operation can be reduced while maintaining the physical film thickness.
- an insulator including one or both of oxides of aluminum and hafnium which is an insulating material having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities and oxygen (the oxygen hardly transmits) may be used.
- the insulator containing one or both of aluminum and hafnium aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate), or the like is preferably used.
- the insulator 522 is formed using such a material, the insulator 522 suppresses release of oxygen from the oxide 530 and entry of impurities such as hydrogen from the periphery of the transistor 500 to the oxide 530. Acts as a layer.
- aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, germanium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, or zirconium oxide may be added to these insulators.
- these insulators may be nitrided. Silicon insulator, silicon oxynitride, or silicon nitride may be stacked over the above insulator.
- the insulator 520 is preferably thermally stable.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are thermally stable.
- an insulator of a high-k material with silicon oxide or silicon oxynitride, an insulator 520 with a stacked structure that is thermally stable and has a high relative dielectric constant can be obtained.
- an insulator 520, an insulator 522, and an insulator 524 are illustrated as the second gate insulating film having a three-layer structure.
- the second gate insulating film may have a single layer, two layers, or a stacked structure of four or more layers.
- the present invention is not limited to a laminated structure made of the same material, and may be a laminated structure made of different materials.
- the oxide 530 includes an In-M-Zn oxide (the element M is aluminum, gallium, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium) It is preferable to use a metal oxide such as one or more selected from hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium.
- the In-M-Zn oxide that can be used as the oxide 530 is preferably a CAAC-OS or a CAC-OS described in Embodiment 4.
- an In—Ga oxide or an In—Zn oxide may be used as the oxide 530.
- the metal oxide that functions as a channel formation region in the oxide 530 preferably has a band gap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more. In this manner, off-state current of a transistor can be reduced by using a metal oxide having a large band gap.
- the oxide 530 includes the oxide 530a below the oxide 530b, diffusion of impurities from the structure formed below the oxide 530a to the oxide 530b can be suppressed. In addition, by including the oxide 530c over the oxide 530b, diffusion of impurities from the structure formed above the oxide 530c to the oxide 530b can be suppressed.
- the oxide 530 preferably has a stacked structure of oxides having different atomic ratios of metal atoms.
- the atomic ratio of the element M in the constituent element is larger than the atomic ratio of the element M in the constituent element in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530b. It is preferable.
- the atomic ratio of the element M to In is preferably larger than the atomic ratio of the element M to In in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530b.
- the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530b is preferably larger than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the oxide 530a.
- a metal oxide that can be used for the oxide 530a or the oxide 530b can be used.
- the energy at the lower end of the conduction band of the oxide 530a and the oxide 530c is higher than the energy at the lower end of the conduction band of the oxide 530b.
- the electron affinity of the oxide 530a and the oxide 530c is preferably smaller than the electron affinity of the oxide 530b.
- the energy level at the lower end of the conduction band changes gently.
- the energy level at the lower end of the conduction band at the junction of the oxide 530a, the oxide 530b, and the oxide 530c is continuously changed or continuously joined.
- the density of defect states in the mixed layer formed at the interface between the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b and the interface between the oxide 530b and the oxide 530c is preferably lowered.
- the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b, and the oxide 530b and the oxide 530c have a common element (main component) in addition to oxygen, so that a mixed layer with a low density of defect states is formed.
- the oxide 530b is an In—Ga—Zn oxide
- an In—Ga—Zn oxide, a Ga—Zn oxide, a gallium oxide, or the like may be used as the oxide 530a and the oxide 530c.
- the main path of the carrier is the oxide 530b.
- the oxide 530a and the oxide 530c have the above structures, the density of defect states at the interface between the oxide 530a and the oxide 530b and the interface between the oxide 530b and the oxide 530c can be reduced. Accordingly, the influence on carrier conduction due to interface scattering is reduced, and the transistor 500 can obtain a high on-state current.
- a conductor 542a and a conductor 542b functioning as a source electrode and a drain electrode are provided over the oxide 530b.
- the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, indium, ruthenium It is preferable to use a metal element selected from iridium, strontium, and lanthanum, an alloy containing the above-described metal element, or an alloy combining the above-described metal elements.
- tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, tungsten, nitride containing titanium and aluminum, nitride containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, oxide containing lanthanum and nickel, or the like is used. It is preferable. Also, tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, nitride containing titanium and aluminum, nitride containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, and oxide containing lanthanum and nickel are difficult to oxidize. A conductive material or a material that maintains conductivity even when oxygen is absorbed is preferable. Furthermore, a metal nitride film such as tantalum nitride is preferable because it has a barrier property against hydrogen or oxygen.
- the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b are illustrated as a single-layer structure; however, a stacked structure including two or more layers may be employed.
- a tantalum nitride film and a tungsten film are preferably stacked.
- a titanium film and an aluminum film may be stacked.
- a two-layer structure in which an aluminum film is stacked on a tungsten film a two-layer structure in which a copper film is stacked on a copper-magnesium-aluminum alloy film, a two-layer structure in which a copper film is stacked on a titanium film, and a tungsten film
- a two-layer structure in which copper films are stacked may be used.
- a titanium film or a titanium nitride film and a three-layer structure in which an aluminum film or a copper film is laminated on the titanium film or the titanium nitride film, and a titanium film or a titanium nitride film is further formed thereon, a molybdenum film or
- a transparent conductive material containing indium oxide, tin oxide, or zinc oxide may be used.
- a region 543a and a region 543b are formed as low resistance regions at and near the interface between the oxide 530 and the conductor 542a (conductor 542b). There is. At this time, the region 543a functions as one of a source region and a drain region, and the region 543b functions as the other of the source region and the drain region. In addition, a channel formation region is formed in a region between the region 543a and the region 543b.
- the oxygen concentration in the region 543a (region 543b) may be reduced in some cases.
- a metal compound layer including a metal contained in the conductor 542a (conductor 542b) and a component of the oxide 530 may be formed in the region 543a (region 543b). In such a case, the carrier density in the region 543a (region 543b) increases, and the region 543a (region 543b) becomes a low-resistance region.
- the insulator 544 is provided so as to cover the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b, and suppresses oxidation of the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b. At this time, the insulator 544 may be provided so as to cover a side surface of the oxide 530 and to be in contact with the insulator 524.
- insulator 544 a metal oxide containing one or more kinds selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, neodymium, lanthanum, magnesium, and the like is used. Can be used. As the insulator 544, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, or the like can be used.
- the insulator 544 it is preferable to use aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, aluminum, an oxide containing hafnium (hafnium aluminate), or the like, which is an insulator containing one or both of aluminum and hafnium. .
- hafnium aluminate has higher heat resistance than a hafnium oxide film. Therefore, it is preferable because it is difficult to crystallize in a heat treatment in a later step.
- the insulator 544 is not an essential component in the case where the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b do not have a significant decrease in conductivity even when the material has oxidation resistance or absorbs oxygen. What is necessary is just to design suitably according to the transistor characteristic to request
- the insulator 544 By including the insulator 544, it is possible to suppress diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen contained in the insulator 580 into the oxide 530b through the oxide 530c and the insulator 550. Further, the conductor 560 can be prevented from being oxidized by excess oxygen which the insulator 580 has.
- the insulator 550 functions as a first gate insulating film.
- the insulator 550 is preferably provided in contact with the inside (upper surface and side surfaces) of the oxide 530c.
- the insulator 550 is preferably formed using an insulator that contains excess oxygen and from which oxygen is released by heating, like the insulator 524 described above.
- silicon oxide having excess oxygen silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, and voids
- silicon oxide which has can be used.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are stable against heat.
- An insulator from which oxygen is released by heating is provided as the insulator 550 so as to be in contact with the top surface of the oxide 530c, so that oxygen can be effectively supplied from the insulator 550 to the channel formation region of the oxide 530b through the oxide 530c. Can be supplied.
- the concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the insulator 550 is preferably reduced.
- the thickness of the insulator 550 is preferably greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 20 nm.
- a metal oxide may be provided between the insulator 550 and the conductor 560 in order to efficiently supply excess oxygen included in the insulator 550 to the oxide 530.
- the metal oxide preferably suppresses oxygen diffusion from the insulator 550 to the conductor 560.
- diffusion of excess oxygen from the insulator 550 to the conductor 560 is suppressed. That is, a decrease in the amount of excess oxygen supplied to the oxide 530 can be suppressed. Further, oxidation of the conductor 560 due to excess oxygen can be suppressed.
- a material that can be used for the insulator 544 may be used.
- the insulator 550 may have a stacked structure like the second gate insulating film.
- problems such as leakage current may occur due to thinning of a gate insulating film. Therefore, an insulator functioning as a gate insulating film is formed using a high-k material, heat
- the gate potential during transistor operation can be reduced while maintaining the physical film thickness.
- it is possible to obtain a laminated structure that is thermally stable and has a high relative dielectric constant.
- the conductor 560 functioning as the first gate electrode is illustrated as a two-layer structure in FIGS. 25A and 25B, but may have a single-layer structure or a stacked structure including three or more layers. Also good.
- the conductor 560a has a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, a nitrogen atom, a nitrogen molecule, a nitric oxide molecule (N 2 O, NO, NO 2, and the like) and a copper atom. It is preferable to use a material. Alternatively, a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules) is preferably used. When the conductor 560a has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen, the conductivity of the conductor 560b can be suppressed from being oxidized by oxygen contained in the insulator 550 and thus reduced.
- impurities such as a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, a nitrogen atom, a nitrogen molecule, a nitric oxide molecule (N 2 O, NO, NO 2, and the like) and a copper atom. It is preferable to use
- tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, or ruthenium oxide is preferably used as the conductive material having a function of suppressing oxygen diffusion.
- an oxide semiconductor that can be used for the oxide 530 can be used. In that case, by forming a film of the conductor 560b by a sputtering method, the electrical resistance value of the conductor 560a can be reduced to obtain a conductor. This can be called an OC (Oxide Conductor) electrode.
- the conductor 560b is preferably formed using a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component.
- the conductor 560b also functions as a wiring, and thus a conductor having high conductivity is preferably used.
- a conductive material whose main component is tungsten, copper, or aluminum can be used.
- the conductor 560b may have a stacked structure, for example, a stacked structure of titanium, titanium nitride, and the above conductive material.
- the insulator 580 is provided over the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b with the insulator 544 provided therebetween.
- the insulator 580 preferably has an excess oxygen region.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, oxide having voids It is preferable to have silicon or resin.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are thermally stable.
- silicon oxide and silicon oxide having holes are preferable because an excess oxygen region can be easily formed in a later step.
- the insulator 580 preferably has an excess oxygen region. By providing the insulator 580 from which oxygen is released by heating in contact with the oxide 530c, oxygen in the insulator 580 can be efficiently supplied to the oxide 530 through the oxide 530c. Note that the concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the insulator 580 is preferably reduced.
- the opening of the insulator 580 is formed so as to overlap with a region between the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b.
- the conductor 560 is formed so as to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 580 and the region sandwiched between the conductors 542a and 542b.
- the conductor 560 can have a shape with a high aspect ratio.
- the conductor 560 since the conductor 560 is provided so as to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 580, the conductor 560 can be formed without collapsing during the process even when the conductor 560 has a high aspect ratio. Can do.
- the insulator 574 is preferably provided in contact with the upper surface of the insulator 580, the upper surface of the conductor 560, and the upper surface of the insulator 550.
- an excess oxygen region can be provided in the insulator 550 and the insulator 580. Accordingly, oxygen can be supplied into the oxide 530 from the excess oxygen region.
- a metal oxide containing one or more kinds selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, magnesium, and the like is used as the insulator 574. Can do.
- aluminum oxide has a high barrier property and can suppress diffusion of hydrogen and nitrogen even in a thin film of 0.5 nm to 3.0 nm. Therefore, aluminum oxide formed by a sputtering method can serve as an oxygen supply source and function as a barrier film for impurities such as hydrogen.
- an insulator 581 functioning as an interlayer film is preferably provided over the insulator 574.
- the insulator 581 preferably has reduced concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the film.
- the conductor 540a and the conductor 540b are provided in openings formed in the insulator 581, the insulator 574, the insulator 580, and the insulator 544.
- the conductors 540a and 540b are provided to face each other with the conductor 560 interposed therebetween.
- the conductor 540a and the conductor 540b have the same structure as a conductor 546 and a conductor 548 described later.
- An insulator 582 is provided on the insulator 581.
- the insulator 582 is preferably formed using a substance having a barrier property against oxygen or hydrogen. Therefore, the insulator 582 can be formed using a material similar to that of the insulator 514.
- the insulator 582 is preferably formed using a metal oxide such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or tantalum oxide.
- aluminum oxide has a high blocking effect that prevents the film from permeating both oxygen and impurities such as hydrogen and moisture, which cause fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor. Therefore, aluminum oxide can prevent impurities such as hydrogen and moisture from entering the transistor 500 during and after the manufacturing process of the transistor. In addition, release of oxygen from the oxide included in the transistor 500 can be suppressed. Therefore, it is suitable for use as a protective film for the transistor 500.
- an insulator 586 is provided on the insulator 582.
- the insulator 586 can be formed using a material similar to that of the insulator 320.
- parasitic capacitance generated between wirings can be reduced.
- a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, or the like can be used as the insulator 586.
- the insulator 520, the insulator 522, the insulator 524, the insulator 544, the insulator 580, the insulator 574, the insulator 581, the insulator 582, and the insulator 586 include the conductor 546, the conductor 548, and the like. Is embedded.
- the conductor 546 and the conductor 548 function as a plug or a wiring connected to the capacitor 600, the transistor 500, or the transistor 300.
- the conductor 546 and the conductor 548 can be provided using a material similar to that of the conductor 328 and the conductor 330.
- the capacitor 600 includes a conductor 610, a conductor 620, and an insulator 630.
- the conductor 612 may be provided over the conductor 546 and the conductor 548.
- the conductor 612 functions as a plug connected to the transistor 500 or a wiring.
- the conductor 610 functions as an electrode of the capacitor 600. Note that the conductor 612 and the conductor 610 can be formed at the same time.
- the conductor 612 and the conductor 610 include a metal film containing an element selected from molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, aluminum, copper, chromium, neodymium, and scandium, or a metal nitride film containing the above-described element as a component.
- a metal film containing an element selected from molybdenum, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, aluminum, copper, chromium, neodymium, and scandium or a metal nitride film containing the above-described element as a component.
- titanium nitride film, molybdenum nitride film, tungsten nitride film or the like can be used.
- indium tin oxide indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, indium zinc oxide, silicon oxide added It is also possible to apply a conductive material such as indium tin oxide.
- the conductor 612 and the conductor 610 have a single-layer structure; however, the structure is not limited thereto, and a stacked structure of two or more layers may be used.
- a conductor having a high barrier property and a conductor having a high barrier property may be formed between a conductor having a barrier property and a conductor having a high conductivity.
- a conductor 620 is provided so as to overlap with the conductor 610 with the insulator 630 interposed therebetween.
- the conductor 620 can be formed using a conductive material such as a metal material, an alloy material, or a metal oxide material. It is preferable to use a high-melting-point material such as tungsten or molybdenum that has both heat resistance and conductivity, and it is particularly preferable to use tungsten. In the case of forming simultaneously with other structures such as a conductor, Cu (copper), Al (aluminum), or the like, which is a low resistance metal material, may be used.
- An insulator 650 is provided over the conductor 620 and the insulator 630.
- the insulator 650 can be provided using a material similar to that of the insulator 320.
- the insulator 650 may function as a planarization film that covers the concave and convex shapes below the insulator 650.
- the transistor 500 of the semiconductor device described in this embodiment is not limited to the above structure.
- structural examples that can be used for the transistor 500 will be described.
- the transistor described below is a modified example of the transistor described above. Therefore, in the following description, different points are mainly described, and the same points may be omitted.
- FIG. 26A is a top view of the transistor 500A.
- FIG. 26B is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line L1-L2 in FIG.
- FIG. 26C is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line W1-W2 in FIG. Note that for simplification of the drawing, some components are not illustrated in the top view in FIG.
- a transistor 500A illustrated in FIGS. 26A to 26C includes an insulator 511 functioning as an interlayer film and a conductor 505 functioning as a wiring in addition to the transistor 500 illustrated in FIG. It becomes the composition.
- the oxide 530c, the insulator 550, and the conductor 560 are provided in the opening provided in the insulator 580 with the insulator 544 interposed therebetween. Be placed. The oxide 530c, the insulator 550, and the conductor 560 are disposed between the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b.
- An insulator such as TiO 3 (BST) can be used in a single layer or a stacked layer.
- aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, germanium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, or zirconium oxide may be added to these insulators.
- these insulators may be nitrided. Silicon insulator, silicon oxynitride, or silicon nitride may be stacked over the above insulator.
- the insulator 511 preferably functions as a barrier film that suppresses impurities such as water or hydrogen from entering the transistor 500A from the substrate side. Therefore, the insulator 511 is preferably formed using an insulating material having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, and a copper atom (the impurity is difficult to transmit). Alternatively, it is preferable to use an insulating material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one of an oxygen atom and an oxygen molecule) (the oxygen is difficult to transmit). For example, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, or the like may be used as the insulator 511. With this structure, impurities such as hydrogen and water can be prevented from diffusing from the substrate side to the transistor 500A side with respect to the insulator 511.
- the insulator 512 preferably has a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 511.
- parasitic capacitance generated between the wirings can be reduced.
- the conductor 505 is formed so as to be embedded in the insulator 512.
- the height of the upper surface of the conductor 505 and the height of the upper surface of the insulator 512 can be approximately the same.
- FIG. 26 shows a structure in which the conductor 505 is a single layer, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 505 may have a multilayer film structure including two or more layers.
- the conductor 505 is preferably formed using a highly conductive material whose main component is tungsten, copper, or aluminum.
- the insulator 514 and the insulator 516 function as interlayer films similarly to the insulator 511 or the insulator 512.
- the insulator 514 preferably functions as a barrier film that prevents impurities such as water or hydrogen from entering the transistor 500A from the substrate side. With this structure, diffusion of impurities such as hydrogen and water from the substrate side to the transistor 500A side than the insulator 514 can be suppressed.
- the insulator 516 preferably has a lower dielectric constant than the insulator 514. By using a material having a low dielectric constant as the interlayer film, parasitic capacitance generated between the wirings can be reduced.
- the insulator 522 preferably has a barrier property.
- the insulator 522 functions as a layer that suppresses entry of impurities such as hydrogen from the peripheral portion of the transistor 500A to the transistor 500A.
- the oxide 530 c is preferably provided in the opening provided in the insulator 580 through the insulator 544.
- the insulator 544 has barrier properties, diffusion of impurities from the insulator 580 into the oxide 530 can be suppressed.
- a barrier layer may be provided over the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b.
- a substance having a barrier property against oxygen or hydrogen is preferably used. With this structure, oxidation of the conductors 542a and 542b can be suppressed when the insulator 544 is formed.
- a metal oxide for example, a metal oxide can be used.
- an insulating film having a barrier property against oxygen and hydrogen such as aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, and gallium oxide, is preferably used.
- silicon nitride formed by a CVD method may be used.
- the material selection range of the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b can be widened.
- the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b can be formed using a material having low conductivity but high conductivity such as tungsten or aluminum.
- a conductor that can be easily formed or processed can be used.
- the insulator 550 functions as a first gate insulating film.
- the insulator 550 is preferably provided in the opening provided in the insulator 580 through the oxide 530c and the insulator 544.
- a conductive material such as a metal material, an alloy material, a metal nitride material, or a metal oxide material is used as a single layer or a stacked layer.
- a high melting point material such as tungsten or molybdenum that has both heat resistance and conductivity.
- low resistance conductive materials such as aluminum and copper. Wiring resistance can be lowered by using a low-resistance conductive material.
- the conductor 540a and the conductor 540b for example, a stacked structure of tantalum nitride, which is a conductor having a barrier property against hydrogen and oxygen, and tungsten having high conductivity is used. Diffusion of impurities from the outside can be suppressed while maintaining conductivity.
- a semiconductor device including a transistor including an oxide semiconductor with high on-state current can be provided.
- a semiconductor device including a transistor including an oxide semiconductor with low off-state current can be provided.
- FIG. 27A is a top view of the transistor 500B.
- FIG. 27B is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line L1-L2 in FIG.
- FIG. 27C is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line W1-W2 in FIG. Note that for simplification of the drawing, some components are not illustrated in the top view in FIG.
- Transistor 500B is a modification of transistor 500A. Therefore, in order to prevent repeated description, differences from the transistor 500A are mainly described.
- the transistor 500B includes a region where the conductor 542a (conductor 542b), the oxide 530c, the insulator 550, and the conductor 560 overlap with each other. With such a structure, a transistor with high on-state current can be provided. In addition, a transistor with high controllability can be provided.
- the conductor 560 functioning as the first gate electrode includes a conductor 560a and a conductor 560b over the conductor 560a.
- the conductor 560a is preferably formed using a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, and a copper atom, like the conductor 503a.
- a conductive material having a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen for example, at least one of oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules is preferably used.
- the conductor 560a has a function of suppressing diffusion of oxygen, the selectivity of the material of the conductor 560b can be improved. That is, by including the conductor 560a, oxidation of the conductor 560b can be suppressed and reduction in conductivity can be prevented.
- the insulator 544 is preferably provided so as to cover the top surface and the side surface of the conductor 560, the side surface of the insulator 550, and the side surface of the oxide 530c.
- oxidation of the conductor 560 can be suppressed.
- diffusion of water and impurities such as hydrogen included in the insulator 580 into the transistor 500B can be suppressed.
- the contact plug of the transistor 500B is different from the configuration of the contact plug of the transistor 500A.
- an insulator 576a (insulator 576b) having a barrier property is provided between the conductor 546a (conductor 546b) functioning as a contact plug and the insulator 580.
- oxygen in the insulator 580 can be prevented from reacting with the conductor 546 and the conductor 546 being oxidized.
- insulator 576a (insulator 576b) having a barrier property
- the range of selection of materials for conductors used for plugs and wirings can be widened.
- a low power consumption semiconductor device can be provided by using a metal material having high conductivity while absorbing oxygen for the conductor 546a (conductor 546b).
- a material having high conductivity while having low oxidation resistance such as tungsten or aluminum can be used.
- a conductor that can be easily formed or processed can be used.
- FIG. 28A is a top view of the transistor 500C.
- FIG. 28B is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion indicated by dashed-dotted line L1-L2 in FIG.
- FIG. 28C is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line W1-W2 in FIG. Note that for simplification of the drawing, some components are not illustrated in the top view in FIG.
- the transistor 500C is a modification of the transistor 500A. Therefore, in order to prevent repeated description, differences from the transistor 500A are mainly described.
- the conductor 547a is disposed between the conductor 542a and the oxide 530b
- the conductor 547b is disposed between the conductor 542b and the oxide 530b.
- the conductor 542a extends beyond the top surface of the conductor 547a (conductor 547b) and the side surface on the conductor 560 side, and has a region in contact with the top surface of the oxide 530b.
- a conductor that can be used for the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b may be used as the conductor 547a and the conductor 547b.
- the conductors 547a and 547b are preferably thicker than the conductors 542a and 542b.
- the transistor 500C illustrated in FIGS. 28A to 28C has the above structure; thus, the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b can be made closer to the conductor 560 than the transistor 500A. Alternatively, the conductor 560 can overlap the end portion of the conductor 542a and the end portion of the conductor 542b. Accordingly, the substantial channel length of the transistor 500C can be shortened, and the on-current and the frequency characteristics can be improved.
- the conductor 547a (conductor 547b) is preferably provided so as to overlap with the conductor 542a (conductor 542b).
- the conductor 547a (conductor 547b) functions as a stopper, and the oxide 530b is over-etched. Can be prevented.
- the transistor 500C illustrated in FIGS. 28A to 28C has a structure in which the insulator 545 is provided in contact with the insulator 544.
- the insulator 544 preferably functions as a barrier insulating film which suppresses entry of impurities such as water or hydrogen and excess oxygen into the transistor 500C from the insulator 580 side.
- an insulator that can be used for the insulator 544 can be used.
- a nitride insulator such as aluminum nitride, aluminum titanium nitride, titanium nitride, silicon nitride, or silicon nitride oxide may be used.
- the transistor 500C illustrated in FIGS. 28A to 28C has a single-layer structure of the conductor 503.
- an insulating film to be the insulator 516 is formed over the patterned conductor 503, and the upper portion of the insulating film is removed by a CMP method or the like until the upper surface of the conductor 503 is exposed.
- the flatness of the upper surface of the conductor 503 is preferably improved.
- the average surface roughness (Ra) of the upper surface of the conductor 503 may be 1 nm or less, preferably 0.5 nm or less, more preferably 0.3 nm or less. Accordingly, the flatness of the insulating layer formed over the conductor 503 can be improved, and the crystallinity of the oxide 530b and the oxide 530c can be improved.
- FIG. 29A is a top view of the transistor 500D.
- FIG. 29B is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion indicated by dashed-dotted line L1-L2 in FIG.
- FIG. 29C is a cross-sectional view taken along dashed-dotted line W1-W2 in FIG. Note that for simplification of the drawing, some components are not illustrated in the top view in FIG.
- Transistor 500D is a modification of the above transistor. Therefore, in order to prevent the description from being repeated, differences from the above transistor will be mainly described.
- a transistor 500D illustrated in FIGS. 29A to 29C is different from the transistor 500 and the transistors 500A to 500C in that the conductor 542a and the conductor 542b are not provided and part of the surface of the exposed oxide 530b is provided.
- One of the region 531a and the region 531b functions as a source region, and the other functions as a drain region.
- the conductor 505 having a function as a second gate is also provided as a wiring without providing the conductor 505.
- the insulator 550 is provided over the oxide 530c, and the metal oxide 552 is provided over the insulator 550.
- the conductor 560 is provided over the metal oxide 552 and the insulator 570 is provided over the conductor 560.
- the insulator 571 is provided over the insulator 570.
- the metal oxide 552 preferably has a function of suppressing oxygen diffusion.
- the metal oxide 552 that suppresses diffusion of oxygen between the insulator 550 and the conductor 560 diffusion of oxygen into the conductor 560 is suppressed. That is, a decrease in the amount of oxygen supplied to the oxide 530 can be suppressed. Further, oxidation of the conductor 560 due to oxygen can be suppressed.
- the metal oxide 552 may function as a part of the first gate.
- an oxide semiconductor that can be used as the oxide 530 can be used as the metal oxide 552.
- the conductor 560 by forming the conductor 560 by a sputtering method, the electric resistance value of the metal oxide 552 can be reduced to form a conductive layer. This can be called an OC (Oxide Conductor) electrode.
- the metal oxide 552 may function as a part of the gate insulating film. Therefore, in the case where silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or the like is used for the insulator 550, the metal oxide 552 is preferably a metal oxide that is a high-k material with a high relative dielectric constant. By setting it as the said laminated structure, it can be set as the laminated structure stable with respect to a heat
- EOT equivalent oxide thickness
- the metal oxide 552 is illustrated as a single layer; however, a stacked structure including two or more layers may be used.
- a metal oxide that functions as part of the gate electrode and a metal oxide that functions as part of the gate insulating film may be stacked.
- the on-state current of the transistor 500D can be improved without weakening the influence of the electric field from the conductor 560.
- the distance between the conductor 560 and the oxide 530 is maintained by the physical thickness of the insulator 550 and the metal oxide 552, so that the conductor 560 Leakage current with the oxide 530 can be suppressed. Therefore, by providing a stacked structure of the insulator 550 and the metal oxide 552, the physical distance between the conductor 560 and the oxide 530 and the electric field strength applied from the conductor 560 to the oxide 530 can be reduced. It can be easily adjusted as appropriate.
- the metal oxide 552 a material obtained by reducing the resistance of an oxide semiconductor that can be used for the oxide 530 can be used.
- a metal oxide containing one kind or two or more kinds selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, magnesium, and the like can be used.
- hafnium oxide aluminum
- hafnium aluminate oxide containing hafnium
- hafnium aluminate has higher heat resistance than a hafnium oxide film. Therefore, it is preferable because it is difficult to crystallize in a heat treatment in a later step.
- the metal oxide 552 is not an essential component. What is necessary is just to design suitably according to the transistor characteristic to request
- an insulating material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water or hydrogen and oxygen may be used.
- impurities such as water or hydrogen and oxygen
- aluminum oxide or hafnium oxide is preferably used.
- impurities such as water or hydrogen from above the insulator 570 can be prevented from entering the oxide 530 through the conductor 560 and the insulator 550.
- the insulator 571 functions as a hard mask.
- the side surface of the conductor 560 is substantially vertical.
- the angle formed between the side surface of the conductor 560 and the substrate surface is 75 ° to 100 °, Preferably, it can be set to 80 degrees or more and 95 degrees or less.
- the insulator 571 may also function as a barrier layer by using an insulating material having a function of suppressing permeation of impurities such as water or hydrogen and oxygen. In that case, the insulator 570 is not necessarily provided.
- insulator 571 By using the insulator 571 as a hard mask, a part of the insulator 570, the conductor 560, the metal oxide 552, the insulator 550, and the oxide 530c is selectively removed, so that these side surfaces are substantially matched. In addition, a part of the surface of the oxide 530b can be exposed.
- the transistor 500D includes a region 531a and a region 531b in part of the exposed surface of the oxide 530b.
- One of the region 531a and the region 531b functions as a source region, and the other functions as a drain region.
- the formation of the region 531a and the region 531b is performed by introducing an impurity element such as phosphorus or boron into the exposed oxide 530b surface by using, for example, an ion implantation method, an ion doping method, a plasma immersion ion implantation method, or a plasma treatment. This can be achieved.
- an impurity element such as phosphorus or boron
- an ion implantation method an ion doping method
- a plasma immersion ion implantation method or a plasma treatment.
- the “impurity element” in this embodiment and the like refers to an element other than the main component elements.
- a metal film is formed after part of the surface of the oxide 530b is exposed, and then heat treatment is performed, whereby an element included in the metal film is diffused into the oxide 530b to form the region 531a and the region 531b.
- the region 531a and the region 531b may be referred to as “impurity region” or “low resistance region”.
- the region 531a and the region 531b can be formed in a self-alignment manner. Therefore, the region 531a and / or the region 531b does not overlap with the conductor 560, so that parasitic capacitance can be reduced. Further, no offset region is formed between the channel formation region and the source / drain region (the region 531a or the region 531b). By forming the region 531a and the region 531b in a self-alignment manner, an increase in on-state current, a reduction in threshold voltage, an improvement in operating frequency, and the like can be realized.
- an offset region may be provided between the channel formation region and the source / drain region in order to further reduce the off-state current.
- the offset region is a region having a high electrical resistivity and is a region where the impurity element is not introduced.
- the offset region can be formed by introducing the impurity element described above after the insulator 575 is formed.
- the insulator 575 functions as a mask similarly to the insulator 571 and the like. Therefore, the impurity element is not introduced into the region overlapping with the insulator 575 of the oxide 530b, and the electrical resistivity of the region can be kept high.
- the transistor 500D includes the insulator 575 on the side surfaces of the insulator 570, the conductor 560, the metal oxide 552, the insulator 550, and the oxide 530c.
- the insulator 575 is preferably an insulator having a low relative dielectric constant.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, or silicon oxide having a hole for the insulator 575 because an excess oxygen region can be easily formed in the insulator 575 in a later step.
- Silicon oxide and silicon oxynitride are preferable because they are thermally stable.
- the insulator 575 preferably has a function of diffusing oxygen.
- the transistor 500D includes the insulator 575 and the insulator 544 over the oxide 530.
- the insulator 544 is preferably formed by a sputtering method. By using a sputtering method, an insulator with few impurities such as water or hydrogen can be formed. For example, aluminum oxide may be used as the insulator 544.
- an oxide film formed by a sputtering method may extract hydrogen from a deposition target structure. Therefore, the insulator 544 absorbs hydrogen and water from the oxide 530 and the insulator 575, whereby the hydrogen concentration in the oxide 530 and the insulator 575 can be reduced.
- FIG. 30A is a top view of the transistor 500E.
- FIG. 30B is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion indicated by dashed-dotted line L1-L2 in FIG.
- FIG. 30C is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion indicated by dashed-dotted line W1-W2 in FIG. Note that for simplification of the drawing, some components are not illustrated in the top view in FIG.
- Transistor 500E is a modification of the above transistor. Therefore, in order to prevent the description from being repeated, differences from the above transistor will be mainly described.
- the conductors 542a and 542b are not provided, and a region 531a and a region 531b are provided in part of the exposed surface of the oxide 530b.
- One of the region 531a and the region 531b functions as a source region, and the other functions as a drain region.
- an insulator 573 is provided between the oxide 530b and the insulator 544.
- the region 531a and the region 531b illustrated in FIG. 30B are regions in which the following elements are added to the oxide 530b.
- the region 531a and the region 531b can be formed by using a dummy gate, for example.
- a dummy gate may be provided over the oxide 530b, and the dummy gate may be used as a mask, and an element for reducing the resistance of a part of the oxide 530b may be added. That is, the element is added to a region where the oxide 530 does not overlap with the dummy gate, so that the region 531a and the region 531b are formed.
- an ion implantation method in which an ionized source gas is added by mass separation an ion doping method in which an ionized source gas is added without mass separation, a plasma immersion ion implantation method, or the like Can be used.
- boron or phosphorus is given as an element for reducing the resistance of part of the oxide 530b.
- hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, sulfur, chlorine, titanium, rare gas, or the like may be used.
- the rare gas include helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. What is necessary is just to measure the density
- boron and phosphorus can be added to an Si transistor manufacturing line apparatus in which amorphous silicon, low-temperature polysilicon, or the like is contained in a semiconductor layer. Therefore, by using the manufacturing line apparatus, one of oxides 530b can be added. The resistance of the part can be reduced. That is, part of the Si transistor manufacturing line can be used for the manufacturing process of the transistor 500E.
- an insulating film to be the insulator 573 and an insulating film to be the insulator 544 may be formed over the oxide 530b and the dummy gate.
- a CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) process is performed on the insulating film to be the insulator 580.
- a part of the insulating film is removed to expose the dummy gate.
- part of the insulator 573 in contact with the dummy gate may be removed. Therefore, the insulator 544 and the insulator 573 are exposed on the side surface of the opening provided in the insulator 580, and the region 531a and the region 531b provided in the oxide 530b are exposed on the bottom surface of the opening. Each part is exposed.
- an oxide film to be the oxide 530c, an insulating film to be the insulator 550, and a conductive film to be the conductor 560 are sequentially formed in the opening, CMP treatment or the like is performed until the insulator 580 is exposed.
- the transistor illustrated in FIGS. 30A to 30C is formed by removing part of the oxide film to be the oxide 530c, the insulating film to be the insulator 550, and the conductive film to be the conductor 560. be able to.
- the insulator 573 and the insulator 544 are not essential components. What is necessary is just to design suitably according to the transistor characteristic to request
- FIGS. 25A and 25B the structure example in which the conductor 560 functioning as a gate is formed inside the opening of the insulator 580 has been described; A structure in which the insulator is provided above the body can also be used. Structural examples of such a transistor are illustrated in FIGS. 31A, 31B, 32A, and 32B.
- FIG. 31A is a top view of the transistor
- FIG. 31B is a perspective view of the transistor.
- a cross-sectional view taken along line L1-L2 in FIG. 31A is shown in FIG. 32A
- a cross-sectional view taken along W1-W2 is shown in FIG.
- 31A, 31B, 32A, and 32B each include a conductor BGE that functions as a back gate and an insulator that functions as a gate insulating film.
- BGI, oxide semiconductor S, insulator FGI having a function as a gate insulating film, conductor FGE having a function as a front gate, and conductor WE having a function as a wiring are included.
- the conductor PE has a function as a plug for connecting the conductor WE to the oxide S, the conductor BGE, or the conductor FGE.
- the oxide semiconductor S includes three layers of oxides S1, S2, and S3 is shown.
- FIG. 33A to 33C illustrate a capacitor 600A as an example of the capacitor 600 applicable to the semiconductor device illustrated in FIG. 33A is a top view of the capacitor 600A
- FIG. 33B is a perspective view showing a cross section taken along one-dot chain line L3-L4 of the capacitor 600A
- FIG. 33C is a diagram of the capacitor 600A. It is the perspective view which showed the cross section in the dashed-dotted line W3-L4.
- the conductor 610 functions as one of the pair of electrodes of the capacitor 600A, and the conductor 620 functions as the other of the pair of electrodes of the capacitor 600A.
- the insulator 630 functions as a dielectric sandwiched between the pair of electrodes.
- the capacitor element 600 ⁇ / b> A is electrically connected to the conductor 546 and the conductor 548 at the lower part of the conductor 610.
- the conductor 546 and the conductor 548 function as a plug or a wiring for connecting to another circuit element.
- 33B and 33C, the conductor 546 and the conductor 548 are collectively referred to as a conductor 540.
- 33A to 33C cover the insulator 586 in which the conductor 546 and the conductor 548 are embedded, the conductor 620, and the insulator 630 for the sake of clarity.
- the insulator 650 is omitted.
- the capacitor 600 illustrated in FIG. 23 and the capacitor 600A illustrated in FIGS. 33A to 33C are planar, the shape of the capacitor is not limited thereto.
- the capacitor 600 may be a cylinder-type capacitor 600B illustrated in FIGS. 34A to 34C.
- FIG. 34A is a top view of the capacitor 600B
- FIG. 34B is a cross-sectional view taken along one-dot chain line L3-L4 of the capacitor 600B
- FIG. 34C is one-dot chain line W3- It is the perspective view which showed the cross section in L4.
- a capacitor 600B includes an insulator 631 over an insulator 586 in which the conductor 540 is embedded, an insulator 651 having an opening, and a conductor 610 functioning as one of a pair of electrodes. And a conductor 620 functioning as the other of the pair of electrodes.
- the insulator 586, the insulator 650, and the insulator 651 are omitted for the sake of clarity.
- the insulator 631 for example, a material similar to that of the insulator 586 can be used.
- a conductor 611 is embedded in the insulator 631 so as to be electrically connected to the conductor 540.
- a conductor 611 for example, a material similar to that of the conductor 330 and the conductor 518 can be used.
- the insulator 651 for example, a material similar to that of the insulator 586 can be used.
- the insulator 651 has an opening as described above, and the opening overlaps with the conductor 611.
- the conductor 610 is formed on the bottom and side surfaces of the opening. That is, the conductor 610 overlaps with the conductor 611 and is electrically connected to the conductor 611.
- an opening is formed in the insulator 651 by an etching method or the like, and then the conductor 610 is formed by a sputtering method, an ALD method, or the like. After that, the conductor 610 formed over the insulator 651 may be removed by the CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) method or the like while leaving the conductor 610 formed in the opening.
- CMP Chemical Mechanical Polishing
- the insulator 630 is located on the insulator 651 and on the surface on which the conductor 610 is formed. Note that the insulator 630 functions as a dielectric between the pair of electrodes in the capacitor.
- the conductor 620 is formed on the insulator 630 so that the opening of the insulator 651 is filled.
- the insulator 650 is formed so as to cover the insulator 630 and the conductor 620.
- 34A to 34C can have a higher capacitance value than the planar capacitive element 600A. Therefore, for example, by applying the capacitive element 600B as the capacitive elements C1, C3, C11, C12, CD4, CD8, and CD12 described in the above embodiment, the voltage between the terminals of the capacitive element can be increased for a long time. Can be maintained.
- CAC-OS Cloud-Aligned Composite Oxide Semiconductor
- CAAC-OS c-axis Aligned Crystal Oxide Semiconductor
- the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide has a conductive function in part of the material and an insulating function in part of the material, and the whole material has a function as a semiconductor.
- the conductive function is a function of flowing electrons (or holes) serving as carriers
- the insulating function is an electron serving as carriers. It is a function that does not flow.
- the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide has a conductive region and an insulating region.
- the conductive region has the above-described conductive function
- the insulating region has the above-described insulating function.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material, respectively.
- the conductive region may be observed with the periphery blurred and connected in a cloud shape.
- the conductive region and the insulating region are dispersed in the material with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 3 nm, respectively. There is.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different band gaps.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide includes a component having a wide gap caused by an insulating region and a component having a narrow gap caused by a conductive region.
- the carrier when the carrier flows, the carrier mainly flows in the component having the narrow gap.
- the component having a narrow gap acts in a complementary manner to the component having a wide gap, and the carrier flows through the component having the wide gap in conjunction with the component having the narrow gap. Therefore, when the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide is used for a channel formation region of a transistor, high current driving force, that is, high on-state current and high field-effect mobility can be obtained in the on-state of the transistor.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide can also be called a matrix composite (metal matrix composite) or a metal matrix composite (metal matrix composite).
- An oxide semiconductor is classified into a single crystal oxide semiconductor and a non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor.
- a non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor for example, a CAAC-OS, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an nc-OS (nanocrystalline line semiconductor), a pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like OS), and Examples include amorphous oxide semiconductors.
- the CAAC-OS has a c-axis orientation and a crystal structure in which a plurality of nanocrystals are connected in the ab plane direction and has a strain.
- the strain refers to a portion where the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region where the lattice arrangement is aligned and a region where another lattice arrangement is aligned in a region where a plurality of nanocrystals are connected.
- Nanocrystals are based on hexagons, but are not limited to regular hexagons and may be non-regular hexagons.
- a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon and a heptagon in terms of distortion.
- a clear crystal grain boundary also referred to as a grain boundary
- the formation of crystal grain boundaries is suppressed by the distortion of the lattice arrangement. This is because the CAAC-OS can tolerate distortion due to the fact that the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction and the bond distance between atoms changes due to substitution of metal elements. This is probably because of this.
- the CAAC-OS is a layered crystal in which a layer containing indium and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as an In layer) and a layer including elements M, zinc, and oxygen (hereinafter referred to as (M, Zn) layers) are stacked.
- In layer a layer containing indium and oxygen
- M, Zn elements M, zinc, and oxygen
- indium and the element M can be replaced with each other, and when the element M in the (M, Zn) layer is replaced with indium, it can also be expressed as an (In, M, Zn) layer. Further, when indium in the In layer is replaced with the element M, it can also be expressed as an (In, M) layer.
- CAAC-OS is an oxide semiconductor with high crystallinity.
- CAAC-OS cannot confirm a clear crystal grain boundary, it can be said that a decrease in electron mobility due to the crystal grain boundary hardly occurs.
- the CAAC-OS can be said to be an oxide semiconductor with few impurities and defects (such as oxygen vacancies). Therefore, the physical properties of the oxide semiconductor including a CAAC-OS are stable. Therefore, an oxide semiconductor including a CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability.
- the CAAC-OS is stable even at a high temperature (so-called thermal budget) in the manufacturing process. Therefore, when the CAAC-OS is used for the OX transistor, the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process can be increased.
- Nc-OS has periodicity in atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm to 10 nm, particularly a region of 1 nm to 3 nm).
- the nc-OS has no regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, orientation is not seen in the whole film. Therefore, the nc-OS may not be distinguished from an a-like OS or an amorphous oxide semiconductor depending on an analysis method.
- the a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between the nc-OS and the amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the a-like OS has a void or a low density region. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and the CAAC-OS.
- Oxide semiconductors have various structures and have different characteristics.
- the oxide semiconductor of one embodiment of the present invention may include two or more of an amorphous oxide semiconductor, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an a-like OS, an nc-OS, and a CAAC-OS.
- a transistor with high field effect mobility can be realized by using the above oxide semiconductor for a transistor.
- a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
- an oxide semiconductor with low carrier density is preferably used.
- the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor film may be decreased and the defect level density may be decreased.
- a low impurity concentration and a low density of defect states are referred to as high purity intrinsic or substantially high purity intrinsic.
- the oxide semiconductor has a carrier density of less than 8 ⁇ 10 11 / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 11 / cm 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 / cm 3 , and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 / What is necessary is just to be cm 3 or more.
- a highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic oxide semiconductor film has a low defect level density and thus may have a low trap level density.
- the charge trapped in the trap level of the oxide semiconductor takes a long time to disappear, and may behave as if it were a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor in which a channel formation region is formed in an oxide semiconductor with a high trap state density may have unstable electrical characteristics.
- Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, iron, nickel, silicon, and the like.
- the concentration of silicon or carbon in the oxide semiconductor and the concentration of silicon or carbon in the vicinity of the interface with the oxide semiconductor are 2 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the oxide semiconductor contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal
- a defect level may be formed and carriers may be generated. Therefore, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal is likely to be normally on. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor.
- the concentration of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal in an oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- nitrogen in the oxide semiconductor is preferably reduced as much as possible.
- the nitrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor is less than 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 in SIMS, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18. atoms / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, and even more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to become water, so that an oxygen vacancy may be formed in some cases.
- an oxygen vacancy may be formed in some cases.
- electrons serving as carriers may be generated.
- a part of hydrogen may be combined with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to generate electrons as carriers. Therefore, a transistor including an oxide semiconductor containing hydrogen is likely to be normally on. For this reason, it is preferable that hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor be reduced as much as possible.
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3. Less than 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 .
- Stable electrical characteristics can be provided by using an oxide semiconductor in which impurities are sufficiently reduced for a channel formation region of a transistor.
- FIG. 35A illustrates a laptop personal computer which is a type of information terminal device, which includes a housing 5401, a display portion 5402, a keyboard 5403, a pointing device 5404, and the like.
- FIG. 35B illustrates a smart watch which is a kind of wearable terminal, which includes a housing 5901, a display portion 5902, operation buttons 5903, operation elements 5904, a band 5905, and the like.
- a display device to which a function as a position input device is added may be used for the display portion 5902.
- the function as a position input device can be added by providing a touch panel on the display device.
- the function as a position input device can be added by providing a photoelectric conversion element called a photosensor in a pixel portion of a display device.
- the operation button 5903 can be provided with any one of a power switch for starting a smart watch, a button for operating a smart watch application, a volume adjustment button, a switch for turning on or off the display portion 5902, and the like.
- the number of operation buttons 5903 is two, but the number of operation buttons included in the smart watch is not limited thereto.
- the operation element 5904 functions as a crown for adjusting the time of the smart watch. Further, the operation element 5904 may be used as an input interface for operating the smartwatch application in addition to the time adjustment. Note that the smart watch illustrated in FIG. 35B includes the operation element 5904; however, the present invention is not limited to this and may have a structure without the operation element 5904.
- a video camera illustrated in FIG. 35C includes a first housing 5801, a second housing 5802, a display portion 5803, operation keys 5804, a lens 5805, a connection portion 5806, and the like.
- the operation key 5804 and the lens 5805 are provided in the first housing 5801
- the display portion 5803 is provided in the second housing 5802.
- the first housing 5801 and the second housing 5802 are connected by a connection portion 5806, and the angle between the first housing 5801 and the second housing 5802 can be changed by the connection portion 5806. is there.
- the video on the display portion 5803 may be switched in accordance with the angle between the first housing 5801 and the second housing 5802 in the connection portion 5806.
- FIG. 35D illustrates a cellular phone having an information terminal function, which includes a housing 5501, a display portion 5502, a microphone 5503, a speaker 5504, and operation buttons 5505.
- a display device to which a function as a position input device is added may be used for the display portion 5502.
- the function as a position input device can be added by providing a touch panel on the display device.
- the function as a position input device can be added by providing a photoelectric conversion element called a photosensor in a pixel portion of a display device.
- the operation button 5505 can be provided with any one of a power switch for starting a mobile phone, a button for operating a mobile phone application, a volume adjustment button, a switch for turning on or off the display portion 5502, and the like.
- the number of operation buttons 5505 is two, but the number of operation buttons included in the mobile phone is not limited to this.
- the mobile phone illustrated in FIG. 35D may have a light-emitting device for use in flashlight or lighting.
- FIG. 35E illustrates a game machine body 7520 and a controller 7522 as stationary game machines.
- a controller 7522 can be connected to the game machine body 7520 wirelessly or by wire.
- the controller 7522 can include a display unit for displaying a game image, a touch panel or stick serving as an input interface other than buttons, a rotary knob, a slide knob, and the like.
- the controller 7522 is not limited to the shape illustrated in FIG. 35E, and the shape of the controller 7522 may be variously changed depending on the genre of the game.
- a controller having a shape imitating a gun with a trigger as a button can be used.
- a controller shaped like a musical instrument or music device can be used.
- the stationary game machine may be configured to use a game player's gesture and / or voice instead of using a controller, instead of including a camera, a depth sensor, a microphone, and the like.
- a portable game machine shown in FIG. 35F includes a housing 5201, a display portion 5202, a button 5203, and the like.
- the portable game machine 5200 illustrated in FIG. 35F is an example, and the arrangement, shape, and number of display portions, buttons, and the like of the portable game machine to which the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention is applied are illustrated in FIGS. It is not limited to the configuration shown in (F).
- the shape of the housing of the portable game machine is not limited to the structure illustrated in FIG.
- a stationary game machine a portable game machine, and the like are given as examples of game machines.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to an arcade game machine other than the above. can do.
- a television device illustrated in FIG. 35G includes a housing 9000, a display portion 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch and an operation switch), a connection terminal 9006, and the like.
- the television device can incorporate a display portion 9001 having a large screen, for example, 50 inches or more, or 100 inches or more.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the vicinity of a driver's seat of an automobile that is a moving body.
- FIG. 35 (H) is a view showing the periphery of the windshield in the interior of an automobile.
- FIG. 35H illustrates a display panel 5704 attached to a pillar in addition to the display panel 5701, the display panel 5702, and the display panel 5703 attached to the dashboard.
- Display panels 5701 to 5703 can provide various information by displaying navigation information, speedometers and tachometers, travel distances, fuel gauges, gear states, air conditioner settings, and the like.
- the display items, layout, and the like displayed on the display panel can be changed as appropriate according to the user's preference, and the design can be improved.
- the display panels 5701 to 5703 can also be used as lighting devices.
- the display panel 5704 can complement the view (dead angle) obstructed by the pillar by projecting an image from the imaging means provided on the vehicle body. That is, by displaying an image from the imaging means provided outside the automobile, the blind spot can be compensated and safety can be improved. Also, by displaying a video that complements the invisible part, it is possible to confirm the safety more naturally and without a sense of incongruity.
- the display panel 5704 can also be used as a lighting device.
- FIG. 36A illustrates an example of a digital signage (digital signage) that can be attached to a wall.
- FIG. 36A illustrates a state in which the electronic signboard 6200 is attached to the wall 6201.
- FIG. 36B illustrates a tablet information terminal having a structure that can be folded.
- the information terminal illustrated in FIG. 36B includes a housing 5321a, a housing 5321b, a display portion 5322, and operation buttons 5323.
- the display portion 5322 has a flexible base material, and a structure that can be folded by the base material can be realized.
- the housing 5321a and the housing 5321b are coupled by a hinge portion 5321c, and the hinge portion 5321c can be folded in half.
- the display portion 5322 is provided in the housing 5321a, the housing 5321b, and the hinge portion 5321c.
- the electronic device illustrated in FIGS. 35A to 35C, 35E, 36A, and 36B includes a microphone and a speaker. It may be. With this configuration, for example, a voice input function can be added to the electronic device described above.
- the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 35A, 35B, 35D, 36A, and 36B each include a camera. May be.
- the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 35A to 35F, FIG. 36A, and FIG. 36B each include a sensor (force, displacement, position) inside the housing. , Speed, acceleration, angular velocity, number of revolutions, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, smell or infrared And the like having a function of measuring the In particular, the mobile phone shown in FIG.
- 35D is provided with a detection device having a sensor that detects a tilt, such as a gyroscope or an acceleration sensor, so that the orientation of the mobile phone (which direction the mobile phone is relative to the vertical direction)
- a detection device having a sensor that detects a tilt, such as a gyroscope or an acceleration sensor, so that the orientation of the mobile phone (which direction the mobile phone is relative to the vertical direction)
- the screen display of the display portion 5502 can be automatically switched according to the orientation of the mobile phone.
- the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 35A to 35F, 36A, and 36B can store biological information such as fingerprints, veins, irises, or voiceprints.
- the structure which has the apparatus to acquire may be sufficient.
- an electronic device having a biometric authentication function can be realized.
- a flexible substrate may be used as the display portion of the electronic device illustrated in FIGS. 35A to 35E and FIG.
- the display portion may have a structure in which a transistor, a capacitor element, a display element, and the like are provided over a flexible base material.
- polyethylene terephthalate resin PET
- polyethylene naphthalate resin PEN
- polyethersulfone resin PES
- polyacrylonitrile resin acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polycarbonate Resins, polyamide resins, polycycloolefin resins, polystyrene resins, polyamideimide resins, polypropylene resins, polyester resins, polyvinyl halide resins, aramid resins, epoxy resins, and the like can be used. These materials may be mixed or laminated.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一態様は、第1電流源回路と、第2電流源回路と、を有し、第2電流源回路は、第1電流源回路と同一の構成を有し、第1電流源回路は、第1乃至第4トランジスタと、第1容量素子と、第2容量素子と、第1乃至第3ノードと、を有し、第1トランジスタの第1端子は、第2トランジスタの第1端子と、第1ノードと、に電気的に接続され、第1トランジスタのバックゲートは、第3トランジスタの第1端子と、第1容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、第3トランジスタの第2端子は、第2ノードに電気的に接続され、第1トランジスタのゲートは、第3ノードに電気的に接続され、第1容量素子の第2端子は、第1トランジスタの第2端子に電気的に接続され、第2トランジスタのゲートは、第4トランジスタの第1端子と、第2容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、第2容量素子の第2端子は、第2トランジスタの第1端子に電気的に接続され、第1電流源回路は、第3トランジスタがオン状態のときに、第2ノードから第1トランジスタのバックゲートに第1補正電圧を書き込んで、第1トランジスタのしきい値電圧を変動させる機能と、第3トランジスタがオフ状態のときに、第1容量素子によって第1トランジスタの第2端子とバックゲートとの間の電圧を保持する機能と、を有し、第1電流源回路の第1ノードは、第1電流源回路の第3ノードと、第2電流源回路の第3ノードと、に電気的に接続されている、半導体装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、第1電流源回路と、第2電流源回路と、を有し、第2電流源回路は、第1電流源回路と同一の構成を有し、第1電流源回路は、第1乃至第5トランジスタと、第1容量素子と、第2容量素子と、第1乃至第5ノードと、を有し、第1トランジスタの第1端子は、第5トランジスタの第1端子と、第5ノードと、に電気的に接続され、第2トランジスタの第1端子は、第5トランジスタの第2端子と、第1ノードと、に電気的に接続され、第1トランジスタのバックゲートは、第3トランジスタの第1端子と、第1容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、第3トランジスタの第2端子は、第2ノードに電気的に接続され、第1トランジスタのゲートは、第3ノードに電気的に接続され、第1容量素子の第2端子は、第1トランジスタの第2端子に電気的に接続され、第5トランジスタのゲートは、第4ノードに電気的に接続され、第2トランジスタのゲートは、第4トランジスタの第1端子と、第2容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、第2容量素子の第2端子は、第2トランジスタの第1端子に電気的に接続され、第1電流源回路は、第3トランジスタがオン状態のときに、第2ノードから第1トランジスタのバックゲートに第1補正電圧が書き込まれることで、第1トランジスタのしきい値電圧を変動させる機能と、第3トランジスタがオフ状態のときに、第1容量素子によって第1トランジスタの第2端子とバックゲートとの間の電圧を保持する機能と、を有し、第1電流源回路の第1ノードは、第1電流源回路の第4ノードと、第2電流源回路の第4ノードと、に電気的に接続され、第1電流源回路の第5ノードは、第1電流源回路の第3ノードと、第2電流源回路の第3ノードと、に電気的に接続されている、半導体装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(2)の構成において、第1電流源回路は、第6トランジスタを有し、第6トランジスタの第1端子は、第1トランジスタの第1端子に電気的に接続され、第5トランジスタをオフ状態にし、第6トランジスタをオン状態にして、第1トランジスタの第2端子と第6トランジスタの第2端子との間に流れる電流をモニターすることで、電流に応じて第1補正電圧を定める機能を有する、半導体装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)乃至(3)のいずれか一の構成において、第1回路と、第2回路と、読み出し回路を有し、第1回路は、第1電流源回路の第1ノードに電気的に接続され、第2回路は、第2電流源回路の第1ノードに電気的に接続され、読み出し回路は、第2電流源回路の第1ノードに電気的に接続され、第1回路は、第1電流源回路の第1ノードから第1電流、又は第2電流を吸出する機能を有し、第2回路は、第2電流源回路の第1ノードから第3電流、又は第4電流を吸出する機能を有し、第1電流源回路の第2トランジスタは、第1電流源回路の第1ノードから第1電流が吸出されたときに、第1電流源回路の第2トランジスタのゲート‐ソース電圧に応じた、第5電流を流す機能を有し、第1電流源回路の第1トランジスタは、第1電流源回路の第1ノードから第1電流が吸出されたときに、第5電流と第1電流との第1差分電流を流す機能と、第1電流源回路の第1ノードから第2電流が吸出されたときに、第5電流と第2電流との第2差分電流を流す機能と、を有し、第2電流源回路の第1トランジスタは、第1電流源回路の第1ノードから第1電流が吸出されたときに、第1差分電流を流す機能と、第1電流源回路の第1ノードから第2電流が吸出されたときに、第2差分電流を流す機能と、を有し、第2電流源回路の第2トランジスタは、第2電流源回路の第1ノードから第3電流及び第1差分電流が吸出されたときに、第2電流源回路の第2トランジスタのゲート‐ソース電圧に応じた、第6電流を流す機能を有し、第1電流源回路の第1ノードから吸出されている第1電流が第2電流に変動し、かつ第2電流源回路の第1ノードから吸出されている第3電流が第4電流に変動したとき、読み出し回路は、第6電流から、第2差分電流と第4電流との和を差し引いた第7電流を吸出する機能を有する、半導体装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(4)の構成において、第2回路は、第1回路と同一の構成を有し、第1回路は、第7トランジスタと、第8トランジスタと、第3容量素子と、を有し、第7トランジスタのゲートは、第8トランジスタの第1端子と、第3容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、第1回路の第7トランジスタの第1端子は、第1電流源回路の第1ノードに電気的に接続され、第2回路の第7トランジスタの第1端子は、第2電流源回路の第1ノードに電気的に接続され、第1回路の第7トランジスタは、第1回路の第7トランジスタのゲートに第1電位が印加され、かつ第3容量素子の第2端子に第2電位が印加されたときに、第1電流を流す機能と、第1回路の第7トランジスタのゲートに第1電位が印加され、かつ第3容量素子の第2端子に第3電位が印加されたときに、第2電流を流す機能と、を有し、第2回路の第7トランジスタは、第2回路の第7トランジスタのゲートに第4電位が印加され、かつ第3容量素子の第2端子に第2電位が印加されたときに、第3電流を流す機能と、第2回路の第7トランジスタのゲートに第4電位が印加され、かつ第3容量素子の第2端子に第3電位が印加されたときに、第4電流を流す機能と、を有し、第1電位と第4電位との差は、第1データに応じた電位差であり、第2電位と第3電位との差は、第2データに応じた電位差であり、第7電流は、第1データと第2データとの積に応じた電流である、半導体装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(5)の構成において、第1回路は、第9トランジスタと、第4容量素子と、を有し、第7トランジスタは、バックゲートを有し、第7トランジスタのバックゲートは、第9トランジスタの第1端子と、第4容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、第4容量素子の第2端子は、第7トランジスタの第2端子に電気的に接続され、第1回路は、第9トランジスタがオン状態のときに、第9トランジスタの第2端子から第7トランジスタのバックゲートに第2補正電圧を書き込んで、第7トランジスタのしきい値電圧を変動させる機能と、第9トランジスタがオフ状態のときに、第4容量素子によって第7トランジスタの第2端子とバックゲートとの間の電圧を保持する機能と、を有する、半導体装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)乃至(6)のいずれか一の構成において、第1電流源回路は、第5容量素子を有し、第5容量素子の第1端子は、第2トランジスタのゲートに電気的に接続されている、半導体装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)乃至(6)のいずれか一の構成において、第1回路は、第10トランジスタを有し、第10トランジスタのソースとドレインとは、互いに電気的に接続され、第10トランジスタのゲート、又は、ソースの一方は、第2トランジスタのゲートに電気的に接続され、第10トランジスタのチャネル幅は、第4トランジスタのチャネル幅の0.5倍以下である、半導体装置である。
又は、本発明の一態様は、上記(1)乃至(8)のいずれか一の半導体装置に含まれている全てのトランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を有し、かつ互いに同一の極性である、半導体装置である。
本実施の形態では、半導体装置に含まれる、データ記憶機能を備える単極性回路について説明する。
温度によるしきい値電圧VT1の変動を抑制するため、電圧V0tを温度に応じて変化させることが好ましい。図4(B)に、しきい値電圧VT1の温度補正を行うための半導体装置の一例を示す。図4(B)に示す半導体装置100は、制御回路101、温度センサ102、記憶装置103、DAC(デジタルアナログ変換回路)104、駆動回路106乃至109、読み出し回路112、演算アレイ113を有する。
本実施の形態では、半導体装置に含まれる、単極性回路からなる電流源回路について説明する。
図5(A)に示す電流源回路30は、単極性回路であって、トランジスタM11、M12、MA1、MA2、容量素子C11、C12、ノードbgc1、cmg、ot3、cm1、cm2、cs1、cs2、dd、ss1を有する。トランジスタM11、M12、MA1、MA2は、バックゲートを有するOSトランジスタである。トランジスタMA1、MA2のバックゲートはノードbgc1に電気的に接続される。
回路10で乗算を行う前に、トランジスタM1、M1r、M11、M11rのしきい値電圧を補正する。
初期化動作は、トランジスタM12r、M12が供給する電流を設定するための動作である。初期化動作の間では、スイッチS20はオフ状態である。
次に、図7に示すように、配線VXに電圧d0+dを入力する。トランジスタM2r、M2がオフであるため、トランジスタM1r、M1の電圧Vgsはそれぞれ、w0+Asn(d0+d)、w0+w+Asn(d0+d)となる。したがって、トランジスタM1r、M1には、I2、I1のそれぞれが流れる(式(2.7)、(2.6)参照)。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態1、及び実施の形態2で説明した、電流源回路30、及びオフセットキャンセル回路50の別の構成例について説明する。
図8に示す電流源回路60は、単極性回路であって、トランジスタM11、M12、M13、MA1、MA2、MA3、MS1、MS2、容量素子C11、C12、C13、ノードbgc1、cmg1、cmg2、ot3、cm1、cm2、cs1、cs2、cs3、ot3、ot4、pt1、pt2、pt3、po、dd、ss1、mssを有する。つまり、電流源回路60は、図5(A)に示した電流源回路30の構成に、トランジスタM13、MA3、MS1、MS2、容量素子C13、ノードcmg1、cmg2、pt1、pt2、pt3、po、cs3、ot3、ot4、mssを加え、ノードcmgを除去した構成となっている。
ところで、当該カスコードカレントミラー回路において、トランジスタM11rは、トランジスタM11のレプリカトランジスタであるため、理想的には、トランジスタM11rのドレイン電流は、トランジスタM11にコピーされる。しかしながら、製造プロセス等の影響のため、トランジスタM11rとトランジスタM11とは同じ特性を持たない場合がある。そこで、初めに、オフセットキャンセル回路70における、トランジスタM11、M11rのしきい値電圧の補正について説明する。
初期化動作は、トランジスタM12r、M12が供給する電流を設定するための動作である。初期化動作の間は、スイッチS20はオフ状態である。
次に、図12に示すように、配線VXに電圧d0+dを入力する。トランジスタM2r、M2がオフであるため、トランジスタM1r、M1の電圧Vgsはそれぞれ、w0+Asn(d0+d)、w0+w+Asn(d0+d)となる。したがって、トランジスタM1r、M1には、I2、I1が流れる(式(2.7)、(2.6)参照)。
本実施の形態では、実施の形態2で説明したオフセットキャンセル回路50とは異なる、オフセットキャンセル回路80について説明する。
図13に示すオフセットキャンセル回路80は、単極性回路であって、回路CS2と、回路CS3と、回路CS4と、スイッチS21と、を有する。
第1動作は、回路CS3において、トランジスタM28が供給する電流を設定するための動作である。第1動作の間では、スイッチS20はオフ状態であり、スイッチS21はオン状態である。また、第1動作の間では、配線SW2を“L”、配線SW6を“L”として、回路CS2のトランジスタM22、回路CS4のトランジスタM32をオフ状態にしている。
第2動作は、回路CS2において、トランジスタM23が供給する電流を設定するための動作であり、かつ、回路CS4において、トランジスタM33によって吸出される電流を設定するための動作である。第2動作の間では、スイッチS20はオフ状態であり、スイッチS21はオフ状態である。
第3動作は、回路CS3において、トランジスタM28が供給する電流を設定するための動作である。第3動作の間では、スイッチS20はオフ状態であり、スイッチS21はオン状態である。また、第3動作の間では、配線SW2を“L”、配線SW6を“L”として、回路CS2のトランジスタM22、回路CS4のトランジスタM32をオフ状態にしている。
第4動作は、回路10において、トランジスタM1に流れる電流I1を設定し、かつ、第1動作乃至第3動作のそれぞれで設定した電流I2、I3、I4を用いて、読み出し回路120のノードnprに電流−I1+I3−I4+I2を流すための動作である。
本実施の形態では、階層型の人工ニューラルネットワークと、上記実施の形態で説明した回路を用いた演算回路と、について説明する。
人工ニューラルネットワーク(ANN、以後、ニューラルネットワークと呼称する。)とは、生物の神経回路網を模したモデル全般を指す。一般的には、ニューラルネットワークは、ニューロンを模したユニットが、シナプスを模したユニットを介して、互いに結合された構成となっている。
ここでは、上記実施の形態で説明した回路を用いた、式(3.1)の計算を行う演算回路について説明する。
本実施の形態では、上記実施の形態で説明した半導体装置に適用可能なOSトランジスタの構成例について説明する。
図23に示す半導体装置は、トランジスタ300と、トランジスタ500と、容量素子600と、を有している。図25(A)はトランジスタ500のチャネル長方向の断面図であり、図25(B)はトランジスタ500のチャネル幅方向の断面図であり、図25(C)はトランジスタ300のチャネル幅方向の断面図である。
なお、本実施の形態に示す半導体装置のトランジスタ500は、上記の構造に限られるものではない。以下、トランジスタ500に用いることができる構造例について説明する。なお、下記に説明するトランジスタは、上記に説明したトランジスタの変形例であるため、下記の説明では、異なる点を主に説明し、同一の点については省略することがある。
図26(A)乃至図26(C)を用いてトランジスタ500Aの構造例を説明する。図26(A)はトランジスタ500Aの上面図である。図26(B)は、図26(A)に一点鎖線L1−L2で示す部位の断面図である。図26(C)は、図26(A)に一点鎖線W1−W2で示す部位の断面図である。なお、図26(A)の上面図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いて図示している。
図27(A)乃至図27(C)を用いてトランジスタ500Bの構造例を説明する。図27(A)はトランジスタ500Bの上面図である。図27(B)は、図27(A)に一点鎖線L1−L2で示す部位の断面図である。図27(C)は、図27(A)に一点鎖線W1−W2で示す部位の断面図である。なお、図27(A)の上面図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いて図示している。
図28(A)乃至図28(C)を用いてトランジスタ500Cの構造例を説明する。図28(A)はトランジスタ500Cの上面図である。図28(B)は、図28(A)に一点鎖線L1−L2で示す部位の断面図である。図28(C)は、図28(A)に一点鎖線W1−W2で示す部位の断面図である。なお、図28(A)の上面図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いて図示している。
図29(A)乃至図29(C)を用いてトランジスタ500Dの構造例を説明する。図29(A)はトランジスタ500Dの上面図である。図29(B)は、図29(A)に一点鎖線L1−L2で示す部位の断面図である。図29(C)は、図29(A)に一点鎖線W1−W2で示す部位の断面図である。なお、図29(A)の上面図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いて図示している。
図30(A)乃至図30(C)を用いてトランジスタ500Eの構造例を説明する。図30(A)はトランジスタ500Eの上面図である。図30(B)は、図30(A)に一点鎖線L1−L2で示す部位の断面図である。図30(C)は、図30(A)に一点鎖線W1−W2で示す部位の断面図である。なお、図30(A)の上面図では、図の明瞭化のために一部の要素を省いて図示している。
また、図25(A)、図25(B)では、ゲートとしての機能を機能する導電体560が、絶縁体580の開口の内部に形成されている構造例について説明したが、例えば、当該導電体の上方に、当該絶縁体が設けられた構造を用いることもできる。このようなトランジスタの構造例を、図31(A)、図31(B)、図32(A)、図32(B)に示す。
図33(A)乃至図33(C)では、図23に示す半導体装置に適用できる容量素子600の一例として容量素子600Aについて示している。図33(A)は容量素子600Aの上面図であり、図33(B)は容量素子600Aの一点鎖線L3‐L4における断面を示した斜視図であり、図33(C)は容量素子600Aの一点鎖線W3‐L4における断面を示した斜視図である。
本実施の形態では、上記の実施の形態で説明したOSトランジスタに用いることができる金属酸化物であるCAC‐OS(Cloud‐Aligned Composite Oxide Semiconductor)、及びCAAC‐OS(c‐axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor)の構成について説明する。なお、明細書等において、CAACは結晶構造の一例を表し、CACは機能、又は材料の構成の一例を表す。
CAC−OS又はCAC−metal oxideとは、材料の一部では導電性の機能と、材料の一部では絶縁性の機能とを有し、材料の全体では半導体としての機能を有する。なお、CAC−OS又はCAC−metal oxideを、トランジスタの活性層に用いる場合、導電性の機能は、キャリアとなる電子(又はホール)を流す機能であり、絶縁性の機能は、キャリアとなる電子を流さない機能である。導電性の機能と、絶縁性の機能とを、それぞれ相補的に作用させることで、スイッチングさせる機能(On/Offさせる機能)をCAC−OS又はCAC−metal oxideに付与することができる。CAC−OS又はCAC−metal oxideにおいて、それぞれの機能を分離させることで、双方の機能を最大限に高めることができる。
酸化物半導体は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体としては、例えば、CAAC−OS、多結晶酸化物半導体、nc−OS(nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor)、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)及び非晶質酸化物半導体などがある。
続いて、上記酸化物半導体をトランジスタに用いる場合について説明する。
ここで、酸化物半導体中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
本実施の形態では、上述の実施の形態で説明した半導体装置を電子機器に適用した製品例について説明する。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、情報端末装置に備えられるディスプレイに適用することができる。図35(A)は、情報端末装置の一種であるノート型パーソナルコンピュータであり、筐体5401、表示部5402、キーボード5403、ポインティングデバイス5404等を有する。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、ウェアラブル端末に適用することができる。図35(B)はウェアラブル端末の一種であるスマートウォッチであり、筐体5901、表示部5902、操作ボタン5903、操作子5904、バンド5905などを有する。また、表示部5902に、位置入力装置としての機能が付加された表示装置を用いるようにしてもよい。また、位置入力装置としての機能は、表示装置にタッチパネルを設けることで付加することができる。あるいは、位置入力装置としての機能は、フォトセンサとも呼ばれる光電変換素子を表示装置の画素部に設けることでも、付加することができる。また、操作ボタン5903にスマートウォッチを起動する電源スイッチ、スマートウォッチのアプリケーションを操作するボタン、音量調整ボタン、又は表示部5902を点灯、あるいは消灯するスイッチなどのいずれかを備えることができる。また、図35(B)に示したスマートウォッチでは、操作ボタン5903の数を2個示しているが、スマートウォッチの有する操作ボタンの数は、これに限定されない。また、操作子5904は、スマートウォッチの時刻合わせを行うリューズとして機能する。また、操作子5904は、時刻合わせ以外に、スマートウォッチのアプリケーションを操作する入力インターフェースとして、用いるようにしてもよい。なお、図35(B)に示したスマートウォッチでは、操作子5904を有する構成となっているが、これに限定されず、操作子5904を有さない構成であってもよい。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、ビデオカメラに適用することができる。図35(C)に示すビデオカメラは、第1筐体5801、第2筐体5802、表示部5803、操作キー5804、レンズ5805、接続部5806等を有する。操作キー5804及びレンズ5805は第1筐体5801に設けられており、表示部5803は第2筐体5802に設けられている。そして、第1筐体5801と第2筐体5802とは、接続部5806により接続されており、第1筐体5801と第2筐体5802の間の角度は、接続部5806により変更が可能である。表示部5803における映像を、接続部5806における第1筐体5801と第2筐体5802との間の角度に従って切り替える構成としてもよい。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、携帯電話に適用することができる。図35(D)は、情報端末の機能を有する携帯電話であり、筐体5501、表示部5502、マイク5503、スピーカ5504、操作ボタン5505を有する。また、表示部5502に、位置入力装置としての機能が付加された表示装置を用いるようにしてもよい。また、位置入力装置としての機能は、表示装置にタッチパネルを設けることで付加することができる。あるいは、位置入力装置としての機能は、フォトセンサとも呼ばれる光電変換素子を表示装置の画素部に設けることでも、付加することができる。また、操作ボタン5505に携帯電話を起動する電源スイッチ、携帯電話のアプリケーションを操作するボタン、音量調整ボタン、又は表示部5502を点灯、あるいは消灯するスイッチなどのいずれかを備えることができる。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、ゲーム機の一例である据え置き型ゲーム機に適用することができる。図35(E)では、据え置き型ゲーム機として、ゲーム機本体7520と、コントローラ7522を示している。なお、ゲーム機本体7520には、無線または有線によってコントローラ7522を接続することができる。また、図35(E)に示していないが、コントローラ7522は、ゲームの画像を表示する表示部、ボタン以外の入力インターフェースとなるタッチパネルやスティック、回転式つまみ、スライド式つまみなどを備えることができる。また、コントローラ7522は、図35(E)に示す形状に限定されず、ゲームのジャンルに応じて、コントローラ7522の形状を様々に変更してもよい。例えば、FPS(First Person Shooter)などのシューティングゲームでは、トリガーをボタンとし、銃を模した形状のコントローラを用いることができる。また、例えば、音楽ゲームなどでは、楽器、音楽機器などを模した形状のコントローラを用いることができる。更に、据え置き型ゲーム機は、コントローラを使わず、代わりにカメラ、深度センサ、マイクロフォンなどを備えて、ゲームプレイヤーのジェスチャー、及び/又は音声によって操作する形式としてもよい。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、ゲーム機の一例である携帯ゲーム機に適用することができる。図35(F)に示す携帯ゲーム機は、筐体5201、表示部5202、ボタン5203等を有する。なお、図35(F)に示す携帯ゲーム機5200は一例であり、本発明の一態様の半導体装置が適用された携帯ゲーム機の表示部、ボタンなどの配置、形状や数、は、図35(F)に示す構成に限定されない。また、携帯ゲーム機の筐体の形状は、図35(F)に示す構成に限定されない。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、テレビジョン装置に適用することができる。図35(G)に示すテレビジョン装置は、筐体9000、表示部9001、スピーカ9003、操作キー9005(電源スイッチ、又は操作スイッチを含む)、接続端子9006などを有する。テレビジョン装置は、大画面、例えば、50インチ以上、又は100インチ以上の表示部9001を組み込むことが可能である。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、移動体である自動車の運転席周辺に適用することができる。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、電子広告を用途とするディスプレイに適用することができる。図36(A)は、壁に取り付けが可能な電子看板(デジタルサイネージ)の例を示している。図36(A)は、電子看板6200が壁6201に取り付けられている様子を示している。
本発明の一態様の半導体装置は、タブレット型の情報端末に適用することができる。図36(B)には、折り畳むことができる構造を有するタブレット型の情報端末を示している。図36(B)に示す情報端末は、筐体5321aと、筐体5321bと、表示部5322と、操作ボタン5323と、を有している。特に、表示部5322は可撓性を有する基材を有しており、当該基材によって折り畳むことができる構造を実現できる。
Claims (9)
- 第1電流源回路と、第2電流源回路と、を有し、
前記第2電流源回路は、前記第1電流源回路と同一の構成を有し、
前記第1電流源回路は、第1乃至第4トランジスタと、第1容量素子と、第2容量素子と、第1乃至第3ノードと、を有し、
前記第1トランジスタの第1端子は、前記第2トランジスタの第1端子と、前記第1ノードと、に電気的に接続され、
前記第1トランジスタのバックゲートは、前記第3トランジスタの第1端子と、前記第1容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、
前記第3トランジスタの第2端子は、前記第2ノードに電気的に接続され、
前記第1トランジスタのゲートは、前記第3ノードに電気的に接続され、
前記第1容量素子の第2端子は、前記第1トランジスタの第2端子に電気的に接続され、
前記第2トランジスタのゲートは、前記第4トランジスタの第1端子と、前記第2容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、
前記第2容量素子の第2端子は、前記第2トランジスタの第1端子に電気的に接続され、
前記第1電流源回路は、
前記第3トランジスタがオン状態のときに、前記第2ノードから前記第1トランジスタのバックゲートに第1補正電圧を書き込んで、前記第1トランジスタのしきい値電圧を変動させる機能と、
前記第3トランジスタがオフ状態のときに、前記第1容量素子によって前記第1トランジスタの第2端子とバックゲートとの間の電圧を保持する機能と、を有し、
前記第1電流源回路の前記第1ノードは、前記第1電流源回路の前記第3ノードと、前記第2電流源回路の前記第3ノードと、に電気的に接続されている、
半導体装置。 - 第1電流源回路と、第2電流源回路と、を有し、
前記第2電流源回路は、前記第1電流源回路と同一の構成を有し、
前記第1電流源回路は、第1乃至第5トランジスタと、第1容量素子と、第2容量素子と、第1乃至第5ノードと、を有し、
前記第1トランジスタの第1端子は、前記第5トランジスタの第1端子と、前記第5ノードと、に電気的に接続され、
前記第2トランジスタの第1端子は、前記第5トランジスタの第2端子と、前記第1ノードと、に電気的に接続され、
前記第1トランジスタのバックゲートは、前記第3トランジスタの第1端子と、前記第1容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、
前記第3トランジスタの第2端子は、前記第2ノードに電気的に接続され、
前記第1トランジスタのゲートは、前記第3ノードに電気的に接続され、
前記第1容量素子の第2端子は、前記第1トランジスタの第2端子に電気的に接続され、
前記第5トランジスタのゲートは、前記第4ノードに電気的に接続され、
前記第2トランジスタのゲートは、前記第4トランジスタの第1端子と、前記第2容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、
前記第2容量素子の第2端子は、前記第2トランジスタの第1端子に電気的に接続され、
前記第1電流源回路は、
前記第3トランジスタがオン状態のときに、前記第2ノードから前記第1トランジスタのバックゲートに第1補正電圧が書き込まれることで、前記第1トランジスタのしきい値電圧を変動させる機能と、
前記第3トランジスタがオフ状態のときに、前記第1容量素子によって前記第1トランジスタの第2端子とバックゲートとの間の電圧を保持する機能と、を有し、
前記第1電流源回路の前記第1ノードは、前記第1電流源回路の前記第4ノードと、前記第2電流源回路の前記第4ノードと、に電気的に接続され、
前記第1電流源回路の前記第5ノードは、前記第1電流源回路の前記第3ノードと、前記第2電流源回路の前記第3ノードと、に電気的に接続されている、
半導体装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記第1電流源回路は、第6トランジスタを有し、
前記第6トランジスタの第1端子は、前記第1トランジスタの第1端子に電気的に接続され、
前記第5トランジスタをオフ状態にし、前記第6トランジスタをオン状態にして、前記第1トランジスタの第2端子と前記第6トランジスタの第2端子との間に流れる電流をモニターすることで、前記電流に応じて前記第1補正電圧を定める機能を有する、
半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一において、
第1回路と、第2回路と、読み出し回路を有し、
前記第1回路は、前記第1電流源回路の前記第1ノードに電気的に接続され、
前記第2回路は、前記第2電流源回路の前記第1ノードに電気的に接続され、
前記読み出し回路は、前記第2電流源回路の前記第1ノードに電気的に接続され、
前記第1回路は、前記第1電流源回路の前記第1ノードから第1電流、又は第2電流を吸出する機能を有し、
前記第2回路は、前記第2電流源回路の前記第1ノードから第3電流、又は第4電流を吸出する機能を有し、
前記第1電流源回路の前記第2トランジスタは、前記第1電流源回路の前記第1ノードから前記第1電流が吸出されたときに、前記第1電流源回路の前記第2トランジスタのゲート‐ソース電圧に応じた、第5電流を流す機能を有し、
前記第1電流源回路の前記第1トランジスタは、
前記第1電流源回路の前記第1ノードから前記第1電流が吸出されたときに、前記第5電流と前記第1電流との第1差分電流を流す機能と、
前記第1電流源回路の前記第1ノードから前記第2電流が吸出されたときに、前記第5電流と前記第2電流との第2差分電流を流す機能と、を有し、
前記第2電流源回路の前記第1トランジスタは、
前記第1電流源回路の前記第1ノードから前記第1電流が吸出されたときに、前記第1差分電流を流す機能と、
前記第1電流源回路の前記第1ノードから前記第2電流が吸出されたときに、前記第2差分電流を流す機能と、を有し、
前記第2電流源回路の前記第2トランジスタは、前記第2電流源回路の前記第1ノードから前記第3電流及び前記第1差分電流が吸出されたときに、前記第2電流源回路の前記第2トランジスタのゲート‐ソース電圧に応じた、第6電流を流す機能を有し、
前記第1電流源回路の前記第1ノードから吸出されている前記第1電流が前記第2電流に変動し、かつ前記第2電流源回路の前記第1ノードから吸出されている前記第3電流が前記第4電流に変動したとき、前記読み出し回路は、前記第6電流から、前記第2差分電流と前記第4電流との和を差し引いた第7電流を吸出する機能を有する、
半導体装置。 - 請求項4において、
前記第2回路は、前記第1回路と同一の構成を有し、
前記第1回路は、第7トランジスタと、第8トランジスタと、第3容量素子と、を有し、
前記第7トランジスタのゲートは、前記第8トランジスタの第1端子と、前記第3容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、
前記第1回路の前記第7トランジスタの第1端子は、前記第1電流源回路の前記第1ノードに電気的に接続され、
前記第2回路の前記第7トランジスタの第1端子は、前記第2電流源回路の前記第1ノードに電気的に接続され、
前記第1回路の前記第7トランジスタは、
前記第1回路の前記第7トランジスタのゲートに第1電位が印加され、かつ前記第3容量素子の第2端子に第2電位が印加されたときに、前記第1電流を流す機能と、
前記第1回路の前記第7トランジスタのゲートに前記第1電位が印加され、かつ前記第3容量素子の第2端子に第3電位が印加されたときに、前記第2電流を流す機能と、を有し、
前記第2回路の前記第7トランジスタは、
前記第2回路の前記第7トランジスタのゲートに第4電位が印加され、かつ前記第3容量素子の第2端子に前記第2電位が印加されたときに、前記第3電流を流す機能と、
前記第2回路の前記第7トランジスタのゲートに前記第4電位が印加され、かつ前記第3容量素子の第2端子に前記第3電位が印加されたときに、前記第4電流を流す機能と、を有し、
前記第1電位と前記第4電位との差は、第1データに応じた電位差であり、
前記第2電位と前記第3電位との差は、第2データに応じた電位差であり、
前記第7電流は、前記第1データと前記第2データとの積に応じた電流である、半導体装置。 - 請求項5において、
前記第1回路は、第9トランジスタと、第4容量素子と、を有し、
前記第7トランジスタは、バックゲートを有し、
前記第7トランジスタのバックゲートは、前記第9トランジスタの第1端子と、前記第4容量素子の第1端子と、に電気的に接続され、
前記第4容量素子の第2端子は、前記第7トランジスタの第2端子に電気的に接続され、
前記第1回路は、
前記第9トランジスタがオン状態のときに、前記第9トランジスタの第2端子から前記第7トランジスタのバックゲートに第2補正電圧を書き込んで、前記第7トランジスタのしきい値電圧を変動させる機能と、
前記第9トランジスタがオフ状態のときに、前記第4容量素子によって前記第7トランジスタの第2端子とバックゲートとの間の電圧を保持する機能と、を有する、
半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一において、
前記第1電流源回路は、第5容量素子を有し、
前記第5容量素子の第1端子は、前記第2トランジスタのゲートに電気的に接続されている、
半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一において、
前記第1回路は、第10トランジスタを有し、
前記第10トランジスタのソースとドレインとは、互いに電気的に接続され、
前記第10トランジスタのゲート、又は、ソースの一方は、前記第2トランジスタのゲートに電気的に接続され、
前記第10トランジスタのチャネル幅は、前記第4トランジスタのチャネル幅の0.5倍以下である、
半導体装置。 - 請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか一の半導体装置に含まれている全てのトランジスタは、チャネル形成領域に金属酸化物を有し、かつ互いに同一の極性である、
半導体装置。
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| US17/054,926 US11335813B2 (en) | 2018-05-31 | 2019-05-23 | Semiconductor device |
| CN201980036289.3A CN112236869B (zh) | 2018-05-31 | 2019-05-23 | 半导体装置 |
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| US11908947B2 (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2024-02-20 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device |
| JP7715641B2 (ja) | 2019-12-27 | 2025-07-30 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 撮像装置 |
| US12120443B2 (en) | 2020-01-21 | 2024-10-15 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and electronic device |
| JP7356393B2 (ja) * | 2020-04-10 | 2023-10-04 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置 |
| KR20230039668A (ko) * | 2020-07-17 | 2023-03-21 | 가부시키가이샤 한도오따이 에네루기 켄큐쇼 | 반도체 장치 및 전자 기기 |
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| JP2018022147A (ja) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-02-08 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置、表示装置、および電子機器 |
| WO2018189619A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-18 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置、電子部品、及び電子機器 |
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| US9054695B2 (en) * | 2013-10-01 | 2015-06-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Technique to realize high voltage IO driver in a low voltage BiCMOS process |
| CN107111985B (zh) * | 2014-12-29 | 2020-09-18 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | 半导体装置以及包括该半导体装置的显示装置 |
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| JP6906978B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-25 | 2021-07-21 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置、半導体ウェハ、および電子機器 |
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| JP2018022147A (ja) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-02-08 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置、表示装置、および電子機器 |
| WO2018189619A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-18 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置、電子部品、及び電子機器 |
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| US20210217891A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 |
| CN112236869B (zh) | 2025-10-21 |
| JP7267270B2 (ja) | 2023-05-01 |
| JPWO2019229593A1 (ja) | 2021-07-08 |
| US11335813B2 (en) | 2022-05-17 |
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