WO2019209235A1 - Stepladder - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to designs for foldable portable stepladders. A stepladder comprises a ladder section, containing two ladder posts with steps, and a supporting section, which are connected by two foldable braces, and further comprises a work platform mounted on two supports and having a means of being fastened in a working position. The bottom of each support is hingedly connected to one foldable brace comprising two arms which are connected to one another by a hinge. Supporting posts are rigidly connected to one another by at least one crosspiece. One arm of each foldable brace is hingedly connected to the corresponding ladder post, and the other arm is connected to the corresponding supporting post. Each support is disposed in a corresponding guide mounted in the region of a hinged connection that connects the top of a ladder post and the top of a supporting post. The stepladder is provided with a load-bearing shaft mounted between the supporting posts. The technical result is the possibility of adjusting the height of the work platform.

Description

 STAIRWAY STAIR

Application area

 The invention relates to designs of folding mobile stairs, ladders, used as auxiliary devices when performing work for which a person must rise to a certain height.

 The invention can be effectively used both in different rooms, and on the street where a person works, to perform various works, for example, construction and repair, gardening, art, and where it is necessary to get items located at a height inaccessible for human growth.

Prior art

The design of the well-known step-ladders ensures their compactness and convenience for storage and transfer to the required place, which allows them to be used in different places. However, lifting a person to the required height with the help of such devices is usually associated with the need to perform certain operations with his hands, for which various tools or devices are used, or when a person takes out or puts objects at a height that is beyond the reach of his height. Thus, there is an inconvenience associated with the fact that a person’s hands are occupied with various tools, containers, objects, etc., on the one hand, it is dangerous because a person cannot normally hold to ensure his own stable position on a step ladder, and on the other hand, it leads to a large expenditure of time associated with the fact that the objects, tools or containers that a person holds often need to be changed among themselves, so in order to take another item, you must first free five hands, which often need to go down or if the objects are located at a height, first put them in place, and only then take the other. Known designs of ladders do not provide solutions to such problems. Also a disadvantage of many famous step-ladders it is their limited fulfillment of one function - ensuring that a person is lifted to a certain height, however, a person also often has to perform other work, for which it is usually necessary to use additional devices, requires additional space for their placement and transportation.

 So, the well-known step-ladder, patent for utility model RU Ns 52431, IPC Е06С 1/14, publ. 03/27/2006, containing a stair section, which includes two stair racks that are rigidly interconnected by steps, a support section pivotally connected in its upper part to the stair section.

 A disadvantage of the well-known step-ladder is its limited function.

 Another disadvantage of the well-known step-ladder is its inconvenience when it is necessary to perform work with any objects that occupy a person’s hands. This in turn also leads to the danger of using the well-known step-ladder.

 Also, well-known step-ladders, see patent for invention RU Ns 2065019, IPC Е06С 1/14, publ. 08/10/1996; Patent for invention RU Ns 2441124, IPC E06C 1/14, publ. 01/27/2012, comprising a stair section, which includes two stair racks that are rigidly connected by steps, a support section, which includes two support racks, each of which is pivotally connected in its upper part to a corresponding staircase, while the support racks are rigidly connected between each other, at least one crossbar, and the working platform.

A design feature of the well-known step-ladders is that they additionally contain a work platform installed between the stair and support sections below the hinged connection of the stair and support racks. Such a platform can be used to place objects or as the upper step of a stepladder, however this leads to inconvenience, since a person being on the working platform can push objects located on it with his movements. The location of the working platform does not provide the convenience of its use, since it is located at a height that is not ergonomic for humans, which, if necessary, to perform certain actions with certain objects or tools, makes a person constantly bend or go down from the working platform, thereby limiting the height of his own position, if on the site there is any object that occupies most of the surface of the site, which is a disadvantage of the known staircases. All this also leads to the danger of using well-known step-ladders.

 Also, the disadvantage of the known step-ladders is their limited functionality, which allows the use of step-ladders only for lifting and lowering a person and necessary items to / from the required height.

 The closest analogue of the invention is a stepladder, see patent US Ns 102845, IPC Е06С 1/32, publ. 05/10/1870, which contains:

 two stair sections (one of which in the working position performs the function of a support section), pivotally connected to each other in their upper part, each of which includes two stair racks (the support section contains support racks), which are rigidly interconnected by steps (support racks are connected between each other by at least one crossbeam), two folding rods connecting these stair sections (that is, connecting the stair and supporting sections), each folding rod has two links that are connected by a hinge ira, while the links of each folding rod are pivotally connected to the corresponding stair racks of the opposite stair sections (i.e., the corresponding stair racks of the stair section and the supporting racks of the supporting section),

 a work platform mounted on two supports, while the lower part of each support has a kinematic connection with one folding rod.

A design feature of the well-known step-ladder is that the kinematic connection between the supports and folding rods is ensured by making longitudinal guide holes in the supports, in which the axis, which is simultaneously the hinge axis, is movably mounted, connects the links of the individual folding rods. At the same time, each link of folding rods is pivotally connected with ladder (or supporting) racks. When installing the stepladder in the working position, the fixing of the working platform is ensured by the tension of the folding rods connecting the steps of the section (i.e., connect the staircase and support section), however, the design of the known stepladder is difficult to ensure the clarity of the interaction of elements to ensure such tension that is its flaw.

 Also, the disadvantage of the known step-ladder is that its design when unfolding and folding leads to friction between the axis of the hinge, which connects the links of individual folding rods, and supports, in the longitudinal guide holes in which the specified axis moves, which leads to rapid wear of supports and folding rods.

 Also, the disadvantage of the well-known step-ladder is limited functionality, which allows the use of a step-ladder only for lifting and lowering a person and necessary objects to / from the required height. This leads to the need to use additional devices, requires additional space for their installation and storage, and leads to inconvenience during the transfer, transportation or storage of a large number of devices.

The essence of the invention

 The objective of the invention is to expand the functionality of the step-ladder while ensuring its compactness and safety in use.

 Also, the objective of the invention is to increase the convenience and ergonomics of using a stepladder.

 It is also an object of the invention to reduce the wear of a step ladder.

 It is also an object of the invention to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of known step-ladders.

Also, the objective of the invention is the expansion of the arsenal of designs of ladders. Other objectives and advantages of the invention will be disclosed below as the present description and figures.

To solve the problem in the well-known step-ladder, it comprises a stair section, which includes two stair racks that are rigidly interconnected by steps, a support section, which includes two support racks, each of which is pivotally connected in its upper part to a corresponding staircase, wherein the support legs are rigidly connected to each other by at least one crossbeam, two folding rods connecting the stair and supporting sections, each folding rod has two links that are interconnected using a hinge, while one link of each folding rod is pivotally connected to the corresponding staircase, and the other link is connected to the corresponding support column, a work platform mounted on two supports, while the lower part of each support has a kinematic connection with one folding rod, according to the proposed invention, the kinematic connection of the lower part of each support with a folding rod is ensured by connecting the support with a hinge, each support is placed in a corresponding guide installed in the hinged area the connection of the upper parts of the staircase and support racks, with the possibility of moving the support relative to the said guide in the vertical direction, while the stepladder is provided with at least one means of fixing the platform in the working position of the stepladder, also the stepladder is provided with a carrier a rod installed between the supporting posts, passing through the crossbar with the possibility of moving relative to it along the guide hole made in the middle of the crossbar, and its the upper end is pivotally attached to the working platform, and on the lower end of the rod there is a limiter for the lifting height of the working platform, the step ladder contains at least one fastening means for installing at least one working device on the supporting rod, while the supporting rod equipped with holes for discrete adjustment of the installation height of the said working device. Providing kinematic connection of the lower part of each support with a folding rod due to the connection of the support with the hinge provides quick and easy folding of the stepladder into the working position and its folding, and the placement of the supports in the guides installed in the areas of hinge connection of the upper parts of the staircase and support racks, with the ability to move the supports relative to the guides in the vertical direction provides the raising and lowering of the platform, not allowing it to deviate to the side. At least one means of fixing the work platform in the working position of the stepladder fixes the work platform in the upper position. At the same time, the installation of the work platform on the supports allows it to be raised to an ergonomic height for a person so that it can bend and take various objects from it (for example, books, if the stepladder is used in the library, fruit containers in the garden or tools during construction work, etc.).

 The presence of a support rod installed between the support posts with holes allows using mounting means to install various working devices on the support rod, for example, brackets or hooks for hanging buckets or baskets, shelves, clamps and the like. In this case, the holes in the rod allow you to change the installation height of the mentioned working devices.

 The implementation of the supporting rod so that it passes through the crossbar with the possibility of moving relative to it along the guide hole made in the middle of the crossbar, and the hinged attachment of the upper end of the rod to the work platform allows the rod to move when unfolding and folding the ladder, and mounted on the lower end the boom limiter the height of the lifting platform when it is rotated restricts the movement of the carrier rod up and thereby limits the movement of folding rods, delaying the working loschadku at maximum height to use it.

Also, according to the invention, the upper and lower clamping holders are installed on the rod as a working device. This allows you to use a stepladder as an easel. Also, according to the invention, each rail is made in the form of a bracket. This minimizes its contact with the supports, reducing the wear of the supports of the stepladder when it is folding and unfolding.

 Also, according to the invention, at least one means of fixing the platform in the working position of the stepladder is made in the form of a latch mounted on at least one support, which interacts with at least one bracket. This allows you to quickly lock the raised working platform in the working position of the stepladder and pressing the latch to lower the working platform down.

 Also, according to the invention, at least one means of fixing the working platform in the working position of the stepladder is made in the form of a tongue pivotally mounted on at least one bracket, wherein said tongue comprises at least one pin, and in at least one support, at least one hole is made for said pin. This allows you to reliably fix the stationary position of the working platform in the working position of the stepladder.

 Also, according to the invention, the step-ladder comprises at least one handrail installed in the upper part of the stair section between the stair racks, for which a person can hold while climbing the step-ladder, and also he creates additional support during the work of the person, providing her stable position on the stepladder.

Figures

 In the implementation of this invention uses narrow terminology. However, the invention is not limited to the accepted terms and it should be borne in mind that each such term covers all equivalent elements working in a similar way and are used to solve the same problems.

FIG. 1 - shows a General view of the unfolded ladder-ladder with the upper and lower clamping holders installed on the support bar, while the means for fixing the platform in the working position of the ladder-ladder are made in the form of a latch. FIG. 2 is a side view of FIG. one.

 FIG. 3 is a bottom view of FIG. one.

 FIG. 4 is a view of the stepladder of FIG. 1 without working devices on the support bar in the folded position.

 FIG. 5 - shows a general view of the ladder-ladder unfolded into the working position without working devices on the supporting bar, while the means for fixing the working platform in the working position of the ladder-ladder are made in the form of a tongue.

 FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the folded stepladder of FIG. 5.

Example 1 implementation of the invention

The stepladder (see Fig. 1 - Fig. 3) contains a ladder section 1, which includes two stair racks 2, which are rigidly interconnected by steps 3, a support section 4, which includes two support racks 5, each of which is pivotally connected in its upper part, with the corresponding staircase 2, while the support columns 5 are rigidly interconnected by a crossbar 6, two folding rods 7 that connect the staircase 1 and supporting 4 sections, each folding rod 7 has two links 7i and 7g connected to each other using hinge 8, with one the link 7i of each folding rod 7 is pivotally connected to the corresponding staircase 2, and the other link 7g is connected to the corresponding support column 5, the working platform 9 mounted on two supports 10, while the lower part of each support 10 due to the connection 8 ₁ support 10 s the hinge 8 has a kinematic connection with one folding rod 7. Each support 10 is placed in a corresponding guide mounted in the area of the hinged connection of the upper parts of the staircase 2 and the supporting 5 racks and made in the form of a bracket 11 with the ability to move the support 10 relative of the above-mentioned guide in the vertical direction, while the stepladder is equipped with two means for fixing the working platform 9 in the working position of the stepladder, which are made in the form of latches 19 mounted on opposite supports 10 and interacting with the corresponding brackets 11. Also, the stepladder provided with a support rod 12 with holes 16 for discrete control of the installation height of the working devices installed between the support posts 5, which passes through the crossbar 6 with the possibility of moving relative to it along the guide hole 13 made in the middle of the crossbar b, and pivotally connected to the platform 9 with its upper end 12 at the lower end of the rod 12 a limiter 14 for the lifting height of the working platform 9 is installed. On the support rod 12 using cam fastening means 15 for installing working devices on the support rod 12, installed The upper 17 and lower 18 clamping holders are fitted. Also, the stepladder includes a handrail 21 installed in the upper part of the stair section 1 between the stair racks 2.

The stepladder in the above example 1 works as follows. Unfolding the step-ladder, due to the hinged connection in the upper part of the staircase 2 and supporting 5 racks, the staircase 1 and supporting 4 sections are moved apart, and the step-ladder is installed in the working position. The crossbar 6 rigidly fixes the support posts 5 to each other. In this case, two links 7i and 7g of folding rods 7 are connected, connected by a hinge 8, thereby, due to the kinematic connection of the lower part of the support 10, it is ensured by connecting 8 _{1 of the} support 10 with the hinge 8, the work platform 9 installed on the supports 10 rises. The connection of the staircase 1 and the supporting 4 sections by folding rods 7, two links 7i and 7g are pivotally connected to the corresponding staircase 2 and supporting 5 racks, restricts the movement of the staircase 1 and supporting 4 sections when sliding, while holding the stepladder in working position. Raising the working platform 9, the latches 19 mounted on the opposite supports 10 are clamped, each support 10 is moved in a vertical direction relative to the guide 11 installed in the area of the hinged connection of the upper parts of the staircase 2 and the supporting 5 racks and made in the form of a bracket 11, in which the support 10 posted. In the working position of the ladder-step, the latches 19 are released and, interacting with the respective brackets 11, fix the raised working platform 9. The supporting rod 12, passing through the crossbar 6, moves relative to the crossbar b along the guide hole 13, made in the middle part of the crossbar 6, while due to the articulated connection of the upper end of the support rod 12 to the platform 9, the angle between the rod 12 and the platform 9 is changed. By setting the ladder-ladder in the working position, the height limiter 14 of the platform 9 at the lower end of the bar 12 rotates, which does not allow the platform 9 to go up further. In the working position of the stepladder, a person can climb the steps 3, which rigidly connect the stair racks 2. In the upper part of the stair section 1 between the stair racks 2 there is a handrail 21, for which a person can hold. A working person can put various objects on the working platform 9, which will be at a height convenient for him.

 On the support rod 12, installed between the support posts 5, with the help of fasteners 15, the upper 17 and lower 18 clamping holders are installed, between which you can install a subframe with a canvas, cardboard, etc. for writing a picture. Due to the implementation in the carrier rod 12 holes 16 for discrete control of the installation height of the working devices, you can adjust the height of the clamping holders 17 and 18, as well as the distance between them. Thus, the supporting section 4 of the stepladder performs the function of an easel.

At the end of the work, if it is necessary to change or remove the working devices, the limiter 14 of the height of the platform 9 returns, raising two links 7i and 7 ₂ . The folding rods 7 are bent in the vertical direction, and the rod 12 leaves the guide hole 13, freeing itself from the crossbar 6. After this, the fastening means 15 are removed from the holes 16 and the upper 17 and lower 18 clamping holders can be removed from the rod 12. After removing the upper 17 and lower 18 clamping holders, the rod 12 is again inserted into the guide hole 13. To fold the step ladder, press the latch 19, after which the supports 10 go down and two links 7i and 7 _{of the} folding rods 7 are folded, pulling the ladder 1 and supporting 4 sections. The stepladder folds up (see Fig. 4), after which it can be moved to another place for use or storage. Example 2 implementation of the invention

 Everything is as in example 1, but as the means of fixing the working platform 9 in the working position of the step ladder, tongues 20 are used that are pivotally mounted on the brackets 11, while the tongues contain pins 22, and holes 10 for holes are made in the supports 10 ( see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), while the indicated figures show a stepladder without installed working devices on the supporting rod 12. When installing the stepladder in the working position, the tongues 20 are pressed against the supports 10 and the pins 22 are inserted into the holes 23 locking the working platform 9 in the working position of the stepladder. When folding the stepladder, the pins 22 are removed from the holes 23 and the tongues 20 release the supports 10 for their further movement in the vertical direction, the stepladder is folded, as shown in FIG. four.

 It is understood that the above are only two of the possible embodiments and operation of the invention, and the invention is not limited to the examples of implementation.

 The design of the stepladder allows you to adapt it to simultaneously perform various tasks. On the supporting rod 12, you can install any necessary working devices: shelves, brackets, holders, clamps and the like. Thus, two people can use it simultaneously.

 In the case of using the reeds 20 in the supports 10, several holes 23 for the pins 22 can be made, which will allow you to adjust the height of the position of the working platform 9, as well as the angle between the staircase 1 and the supporting 4 sections, thereby providing the necessary tilt of the latter for operation.

Technical result

 The technical result of the invention is the expansion of the functionality of a stepladder while ensuring its compactness and safety when used.

Claims

CLAIM 1. A step-ladder that comprises a ladder section, which includes two stair racks that are rigidly interconnected by steps, a support section, which includes two support racks, each of which is pivotally connected in its upper part to a corresponding staircase, while supporting racks are rigidly connected to each other by at least one crossbeam, two folding rods connecting the stair and supporting sections, each folding rod has two links that are connected by a hinge, with one link but each folding rod is pivotally connected to the corresponding staircase, and the other link is connected to the corresponding supporting rack, a working platform mounted on two supports, while the lower part of each support has a kinematic connection with one folding rod, characterized in that the kinematic connection of the lower part each support with a folding rod is provided by connecting the support to the hinge, each support is placed in the corresponding guide installed in the area of the hinged connection of the upper parts of the staircase and supporting racks, with the possibility of moving the support relative to the said guide in the vertical direction, while the ladder-ladder is provided with at least one means of fixing the platform in the working position of the ladder-ladder, also the ladder-ladder is provided with a supporting rod installed between the supporting racks passing through the crossbar with the possibility of moving relative to it along a guide hole made in the middle of the crossbar, and pivotally connected to the work plate with its upper end the guard, and at the lower end of the rod there is a limiter for the lifting height of the platform, the step ladder contains at least one fastening means for installing at least one working device on the carrier rod, while the carrier rod is provided with holes for discrete height adjustment installation of said working device. 2. A stepladder according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower clamping holders are installed on the bar as a working device.  3. A stepladder according to claim 1, characterized in that each rail is made in the form of a bracket.  4. A step ladder according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one means of fixing the work platform in the working position of the step ladder is made in the form of a latch mounted on at least one support that interacts with at least one brace.  5. A step-ladder according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one means of fixing the work platform in the working position of the step-ladder is made in the form of a tongue pivotally mounted on at least one bracket, wherein the tongue comprises at least one pin, and at least one hole for said pin is made in at least one support.  6. Step ladder according to any one of the above paragraphs 1-5, characterized in that it contains at least one handrail installed in the upper part of the stair section between the stair racks.