WO2019135730A1 - Method of introducing enriching solution into soil - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of introducing an enriching solution into soil by cutting with a blade while simultaneously feeding the enriching solution into the soil and mixing the solution with the soil, in which a 0.1-2% enriching aqueous solution of EM-1 Baykal effective microorganisms (EM) and syrup is introduced into the soil simultaneously while working the soil by means of a plough at a speed of 1-3 m/s using a blade mounted at a depth of 5-30 cm, at an angle of 40-47° relative to the direction of movement and at an angle of attack β of 10-15° relative to the surface of the soil; wherein the enriching solution is fed at a pressure of 0.7-1.2 bar into a space created under the blade of the plough (mound) via a 1st channel into openings of a multiposition nozzle at a rate of 10-50 g per square meter of soil; simultaneously via a 2nd channel, air humidified up to 95-100% is fed at a pressure of 0.5-1 bar into the space (mound) under the blade.

Description

 The method of making the enrichment solution in the soil

Technical field

 The present invention relates to agriculture and agricultural engineering, and in particular to methods and processes of enriching substances and their solutions, mixtures and fertilizers, which stimulate and enrich fertile soils, such as chemical compounds, stimulants, herbicides and the like, into the fertile soil layer.

Prior art

 Known inventions related to agricultural engineering, in particular to technologies and equipment for fertilizing under the root system during the main tillage.

 Among others, a method of fertilizer application is known, including the formation of vertical cracks in the soil, feeding them in portions of fertilizers and fixing them in depth with concentration horizontally proportional to the saturation density of the soil layers of the root system, in order to increase the efficiency of using the applied fertilizers of the plant root system, due to their rational distribution in the soil, the vertical slots are made on both sides of the plants in the form of holes with a bias towards the plants, and on the surface of the holes at times curvilinear grooves form levels, where fertilizers are supplied (see SU, Avt. Sv. N ° 1471971. (Al) MKV А01С 7/00), and also Method of fertilizer application (A.P. Belokon (USSR). - Application No 4161299 / 30-15; Publ. 15.04 .1989, Bull. N ° l4.).

 The mentioned methods of fertilizer application are effective when applying easily soluble fertilizers applied only superficially. This method of fertilizer application is advisable if there is a sufficient amount of moisture in the upper soil layer. In the conditions of agrozone with an acute shortage of water (Asian and Middle Eastern regions), such methods do not justify themselves.

Among other ways of introducing substances into the soil, a new group of methods for introducing the solutions of the so-called has emerged. "Live" fertilizers, substances containing effective microorganisms, called "EM", incl. Methods and modes of making EM specially adapted for the technology of plowing of soil for microbiological improvement, which requires effective application, mixing with the possibility of the "survival" of microorganisms during soil treatment, with the operating modes of equipment on large speeds.

 The problems of introducing EM solutions into the soil, their biological survival, exploitation of associated agrotechnology for plowing with simultaneous introduction of EM mixtures into the soil, changing physical and chemical indicators of the soil, as well as the effect of other fertilizers, defined the integrated set of tasks.

 So, for example, according to the well-known invention “Method of applying fertilizers simultaneously with plowing the land (RU N ° 2328102 С2 А01В 49/06, А01С 7/06 (2006.01), date of publication of the application: 10.12.2007 Bull. N ° 34) soil crumbling, fertilizer feed to the bottom of the furrow, followed by mixing with soil lumps.

 In particular, it is supposed to loosen the strips of 0.35-0.40 m wide with a depth difference of 0.05-0.08 m and simultaneous feeding of fertilizers to the bottom of the dump furrow. For each furrow, the plow sole is destroyed at a distance of 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the furrow width, to a depth of 0.10 ... 0.14 m below the bottom of the furrow.

 When researching the level of technology in the field of tillage with the introduction of enrichment substances, it is advisable to take as a next analogue the method of fertilizing simultaneously with plowing (see PCT application WO / 1990/015520. IPC А01В 13/08 (2006.01); publ. 12/27/1990 ).

 Modern agrotechnologies also provide for the introduction of “living” improving substances into the soil in the form of solutions, so-called effective microorganisms (EM), for example, a microbial inoculant in the form of strains of two or more types of bacteria selected, for example, from types of Lactobacillus parafarraginis, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus rapi and Lactobacillus zeae. Industrial production of such substances is known under the name "EM-1 Baikal"

 The modern method of applying a liquid microorganism (bacterial fertilizer) of the company SHANDONG YONGCHUNTANG GROUP CO LTD, published in July 2017 in the patent application of liquid microorganizm bacterium for development of acer truncatum, is known modern. A01 C 1/06, A01C 21/00, cpc A01C21 / 01 14 Arg 2017.

The mentioned method provides for the operating sequence of the input of a solution of microorganisms with fertilizers in the proportion of 1: 300, for 20-30 minutes. with the following dissolution of the mixture in water 100–200 times, drip irrigation of the soil with the resulting solution until the solution penetrates the plant root system. As an option, it is proposed to apply this solution in a ratio of 1: 100-150 to the leaves. plants.

 The disadvantages of the proposed solutions is the narrow specialization of the application, which is limited to adaptation to the requirements of special types of plants, such as acer truncatum and a complex technological cycle at low rates of processing agricultural land.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

 The objective of the proposed solution is to increase the efficiency of improving solutions at the stage of the main plowing of agricultural soils.

 The purpose of this invention is to simplify the known technologies of introducing EM solutions into the soil while expanding the field of application in complex agro-zones of Asia and the Middle East.

This goal is achieved by the fact that an enriching 0, 1 -2% aqueous solution of effective microorganisms (EM), such as EM-1 Baikal and molasses are applied to the soil at the same time as plowing the soil, at a speed of 1-3 m / s. a knife, installed at a depth of 5-30 cm, at an angle a 40-47 ° relative to the direction of movement and at an angle of attack b 10-15 ° relative to the soil surface; wherein the enrichment solution under pressure of 0.7-4.0 bar is fed into the created space under the plow knife (dome) through the 1st channel into the holes of the multi-position nozzle with a flow rate of 10-50 g per 1 m ^{2 of} soil; at the same time, through the 2nd channel, air humidified to 95-100% is fed into the space under the knife (dome) under a pressure of 0.5-1.0 bar.

A brief description of the drawings of the invention.

 The above method is illustrated by the scheme of making solutions in the soil, where figure 1 shows:

 1 - plow

 2- plow knife

 3- soil level

 4- crushed soil layer

 5- dome under the plow plane

 6- the first feed channel of the EM solution

 7- second humid air supply channel

 8- multi-position nozzle

Figure 2 (installation of the angles of the blade of the plow knife) depicts the method of installation of the plane plow knife and the geometry of its blade relative to the surface of the treatment and the direction of movement of the plow, where:

 1. the right angle of the blade a = 40-47 ° relative to the direction of motion;

 2. angle of attack of the blade plane b = 10-15 ° relative to the soil surface;

An embodiment of the invention

 According to the task, the method of introducing improving solutions into the soil is carried out by a sequence of operations summarized in Table 1. technological conditions of soil treatment and the features of the introduction of microbiological solutions of substances caused by plowing regimes and microorganisms

Table 1

В соответствии с предлагаемой последовательностью, режимами и логистическими операциями Таблицы 1, предлагаемый способ осуществляется как подготовка, выполнение и завершение следующей технологии:

In accordance with the proposed sequence, modes and logistic operations of Table 1, the proposed method is carried out as preparation, execution and completion of the following technology:

Selection of EM and solution components

 For the implementation of the proposed method are selected the most effective substances for a particular category of soil and climatic conditions, taking into account the type of plants and the region in which plants are subject to planting in the soil.

 For example, for this solution, choose effective microorganisms of the type EM-1 "Baikal", adapted to the tasks and goals for agrotechnology in Asia and the Middle East. Selected substances are stored in the areas of plowing, based on the characteristics of the climatic conditions of the area (sheds, warehouses, moisture-proof packaging).

Preparation of aqueous solution of EM and molasses.

The prepared solution of EM-Baikal-1 is dissolved in water, in closed containers, to a concentration of 1 -2% without impurities, sufficiently mixed under conditions of positive temperature, but not more than +50 С °. In parallel with the preparation of the EM solution, a molasses solution is prepared in a proportion of 0, 1-0.7 kg / m ² . The required trace element components are added to the solution in an amount of 0.010–25% of the volume of the syrup solution. Excess solution of molasses is stored for later use, mainly in plastic containers, without extraneous clots, blotches and substances, under the condition of closed storage at positive temperatures.

Aging Solution EM

 In accordance with the standards of the manufacturer, the introduction into the soil of effective trace elements of EM requires an appropriate period of maturation of the solution for the subsequent effective microbiological impact on the root system, the stems and leaves of the respective plants. The ripening period is determined by the composition of the EM and the climatic conditions of storage of the solution. Under various conditions

The optimal time of maturation of the solution, according to our research, is 6-7 hours at a temperature of 20-30 ° C.

The maturation of the solution is produced and achieved experimentally as an estimated value and constitutes information about the experience of field work in real conditions of plowing and introduction of solutions. Preparation of the plow for plowing with the introduction of the solution

 Soil tillage techniques significantly affect the quality, duration and results of soil enrichment with effective microorganisms, which accordingly requires precision adjustment of the equipment used for plowing.

 For example, for the proposed method, it is optimal to set the plowing depth by placing the knives to a depth of 5 to 30 cm. This sets the angle of attack of the plow blade’s blade relative to the soil surface b = 10-15 °, and the flat knife, in part of its right angle is made at an angle a = 40-47 ° relative to the direction of motion.

Measurement and installation (adjustment) of the technological solution introduction system before its introduction into the soil, occurs by monitoring the technical and technological requirements of the method, monitoring measurements of the flow rate of solutions per 1 m ^{2 of} area depending on the pressure parameters in the channels -6 and -7 at the nozzle holes -8 , setting specific installed plows, relative to technical indicators, as well as mortar consumption is proportional to the speed of the plow.

Plowing field

 Plowing the field begins with the filling of the plow tanks -1 with prepared solutions and is carried out periodically, as substances are consumed in certain areas of arable land. From experience, the most optimal filling of tanks for the introduction of solutions is 1.0-3, 0 m.

 A decrease or increase in the specified volume results in either underload or overloading of technical means, which causes undesirable consequences for

optimum movement: 1-3 m / s., as well as the quality of the introduction and development

microorganisms.

Plowing with a solution in the dome with humid air.

 Plowing begins with technological adjustment in relation to all process parameters, while the readiness assessment relies on traditional metrological methods of measurement and testing, with the aim of obtaining results sufficient and necessary for expert opinions. It has been established that when moving the plane of the knife -2 at a speed of 1-3 m / s, under the plane of the knife an emptiness is formed, conventionally called the “dome” -5, where flows through the channels -6 and -7 direct the flows of solutions and humidified air to saturate soils

Thus, it was proved that during plowing at the optimum speed of the plow is 1-3 m / s. applied injection of an EM solution under a pressure of 0.7-4.0 bar through a nozzle -8, which allows to optimize the introduction of the solution without damaging the soil and deteriorating the characteristics of the introduction of microorganisms.

When this was observed, the flow rate of the solution when testing within 10-50 g / m ^{2 the} treated area.

 At the same time, humid air having water drops of about 250 microns was injected into the channel -7 under air pressure of 0.5-1.0 bar to create a moisturizing atmosphere in the dome -5.

Mixing substances in the dome

 In the artificially created space under the knife plane (in the dome -5) several substances are mixed to ensure the technology of penetration of substances and soil moistening, the creation of the most favorable microbiological conditions for the assimilation by plants.

 In dome-5, in an active way, under conditions with the mentioned indicators of pressure and substances, EM is mixed with water, molasses and soil particles. The supply of humidified air under a pressure of 0, 5-1, 0 bar is carried out through the second channel -7.

The final operation in this method involves the traditional embedding of arable land after the dome formed, which is ensured by the plow design.

Flushing the system after shutdown

 Pipeline systems, openings of active mechanisms, tanks and active planes are subject to mechanical cleaning and washing with clean water, followed by drying, anti-corrosion measures and lubrication.

 The proposed solution is simple, fast and convenient in obtaining the obvious advantages of the proposed method:

 - there is no need to reverse the formation of the soil and the introduction of the solution to the depth of the furrow;

- the number of germinated plants increases with the next sowing;

 - this process increases the yield and prevents plant diseases

- improved yield and consumer qualities of plants.

Industrial Applicability

 Industrial use of the method is proposed to enter on farms in the N quarter of 2018.

Claims

Claim 1. The method of introducing the enrichment solution into the soil by cutting with a knife, simultaneously feeding the enrichment solution into the soil and mixing the solution with the soil, characterized in that an enrichment 0.1-2% aqueous solution of effective microorganisms (EM) is added to the soil. - 1 Baikal "and molasses simultaneously with plowing the soil, at a speed of 1-3 m / s. a knife, installed at a depth of 5-30 cm, at an angle a 40-47 ° relative to the direction of movement and at an angle of attack b 10-15 ° relative to the soil surface; at the same time, the enrichment solution under pressure of 0.7- 4.0 bar is fed into the space created under the plow knife (dome) through the 1st channel, into the holes of the multi-position nozzle with a flow rate of 10-50 g per 1m of soil; at the same time through the 2nd channel, in the space under the knife, (dome) under the pressure of 0.5-1.0 bar air is humidified to 95-100%.