WO2019119016A1

WO2019119016A1 - Aquatic creature deterring device

Info

Publication number: WO2019119016A1
Application number: PCT/AU2018/000264
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lindsay Lyon
Original assignee: Ocean Guardian Holdings Ltd
Current assignee: Ocean Guardian Holdings Ltd
Priority date: 2017-12-19
Filing date: 2018-12-19
Publication date: 2019-06-27
Anticipated expiration: 2020-06-19

Abstract

Disclosed is a hand-holdable device for deterring aquatic creatures having ampullae of Lorenzini. In some embodiments, the device is extendable and collapsible by the user. In some embodiments, the device comprises a base part; an intermediate part connected to the base part; an end part connected to the intermediate part; an electric signal generator for generating electric signals to produce an electric field; a first electrode; and a second electrode, the first and second electrodes for radiating the electric field in response to the electric signals for deterring creatures having ampullae of Lorenzini.

Description

AQUATIC CREATURE DETERRING DEVICE

PRIORITY

[0001] This application claims priority from Australian Provisional Patent Application No

2017905077 filed on 19 December 2017.

[0002] The entire content of this provisional application is hereby incorporated by reference.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

[0003] The following publication is referred to in the present application:

- United States Patent No. 5,566,643 tilted "Control of Sharks" (also

published as Australian Patent No. 669806) assigned to Natal Sharks Board;

- United States Patent No. 3,686,280 (Holt);

- United States Patent No 3,164,772 (Hicks);

- United States Patent No 3,822,403 (Hicks); and

- United States Patent No 4,211,980 (Stowell),

[0004] The entire content of each of these documents is hereby incorporated by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0005] The present application relates to deterring certain sea or water creatures such as sharks that may present a risk or otherwise a nuisance to divers and swimmers.

BACKGROUND

[0006] Humans undertake many activities in the sea or other aquatic bodies, ranging from

recreational to occupational. For example, some divers partake in sport spearfishing or simply dive or swim to observe sea life or underwater wrecks. In other instances, divers may be employed to collect commercially-valuable items such as abalone.

[0007] In such environments, there is always a risk that the diver will be attacked, or at the very least, approached by potentially-dangerous creatures such as sharks, large fish, and seals, particularly if the diver is spearfishing, since this may attract other creatures seeking a source of food. To mitigate such risks, divers often carry a knife or rely on their spear gun if they are spearfishing, to defend themselves from unwanted attention.

[0008] Such devices however, have limited effect and require either that the creature be in very close proximity to the diver and that the diver be able to exert sufficient force in the case of a knife, or rely on accurate shooting in the case of a spear gun. Creatures such as sharks can be particularly dangerous, and it would be useful to provide an alternative means of deterring sharks.

SUMMARY

[0009] According to a first aspect, there is provided a device comprising: a casing; an electric signal generator housed in the casing for generating an electrical signal; a first electrode and a second electrode electrically connected to the electric signal generator for generating an electric field in response to the electrical signal, the electric field for deterring creatures having Ampullae of

Lorenzini; the device being able to be held in a user’s hand.

[0010] According to a second aspect, there is provided a baton comprising an electric signal generator for generating electric signals; and a first electrode and a second electrode for radiating an electric field in response to the electric signals for deterring chondrichthyans.

[0011] According to a third aspect, there is provided a hand-holdable device comprising: a base part; an intermediate part connected to the base part; an end part connected to the intermediate part; an electric signal generator for generating electric signals to produce an electric field; a first electrode; and a second electrode, the first and second electrodes for radiating the electric field in response to the electric signals for deterring creatures having ampullae of Lorenzini.

[0012] According to a fourth aspect, there is provided a hand-holdable device for connection to an electric signal generator capable of generating electric signals to produce an electric field that in use, deters creatures having ampullae of Lorenzini, the hand-holdable device comprising: a region for holding; and a first electrode and a second electrode, the first and second electrodes being for radiating the electric field in response to the electric signals.

[0013] According to a fifth aspect, there is provided a hand-holdable device comprising: a base part; an intermediate part connected to the base part; an end part connected to the intermediate part; a first electrode; and a second electrode; and a connection point for connecting the first electrode and the second electrode to an electric signal generator capable of generating electric signals to produce an electric field that in use, deters creatures having ampullae of Lorenzini. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Embodiments of the various aspects described herein will be detailed with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

[0015] Figure 1A - shows a general view of a chondrichthyan deterring device according to an aspect as described herein;

[0016] Figure 2A - shows a plot of example voltage pulses generated by the electric signal generator according to some embodiments;

[0017] Figure 2B - shows a plot of example voltage pulses generated by the electric signal generator according to some other embodiments;

[0018] Figure 2C - shows a pulse waveform generated by the electric signal generator according to some embodiments;

[0019] Figure 3 A - shows a chondrichthyan deterring device according to some embodiments;

[0020] Figure 3B - shows a chondrichthyan deterring device according to some other embodiments;

[0021] Figure 4A - shows a chondrichthyan deterring device according to some embodiments in which the device is extendable and in a collapsed state;

[0022] Figure 4B - shows the device of Figure 4 A in an extended state;

[0023] Figure 5 A - shows a chondrichthyan deterring device according to some other embodiments in a collapsed state;

[0024] Figure 5B - shows the device of Figure 5 A in a partially-extended state;

[0025] Figure 5C - shows the device of Figure 5A in a fully-extended state;

[0026] Figure 6 A shows a chondrichthyan deterring device according to some other embodiments in a collapsed state;

[0027] Figure 6B - shows the device of Figure 6 A in an extended state;

[0028] Figure 7 - shows a chondrichthyan deterring device according to some other embodiments in an extended state;

[0029] Figure 8 - shows the device of Figure 7 with an electric field generated thereabout; [0030] Figure 9 - shows an internal schematic of the device of Figure 7 in a collapsed state;

[0031] Figure 10 - shows an internal schematic of the base of the device according to some embodiments;

[0032] Figure 11 - shows an end view of a cross-section of the device according to other embodiments, showing the position of the PCB and batteries;

[0033] Figures 12A and 12B - show an example of a circuit schematic that could be used to provide the electric signal generator in some embodiments;

[0034] Figure 13A - shows an example configuration of a device with example dimensions according to some embodiments;

[0035] Figure 13B - shows a simulation of the electric field generated by the device of Figure 13A in the x-y plane showing an end-on view;

[0036] Figure 13C - shows the field in the x-z plane;

[0037] Figure 13D - shows the field in the y-z plane;

[0038] Figure 13E - shows a 3-dimensional representation of the field in the x-y-z planes;

[0039] Figure 14A - shows an example configuration of a device with example dimensions according to some other embodiments;

[0040] Figure 14B - shows a simulation of the electric field generated by the device of Figure 14A in the x-y plane showing an end-on view;

[0041] Figure 14C - shows the field in the x-z plane;

[0042] Figure 14D - shows the field in the y-z plane;

[0043] Figure 14E - shows a 3-dimensional representation of the field in the x-y-z planes;

[0044] Figure 15A - shows an example configuration of a device with example dimensions according to some other embodiments;

[0045] Figure 15B - shows a simulation of the electric field generated by the device of Figure 15A in the x-y plane showing an end-on view;

[0046] Figure 15C - shows the field in the x-z plane; [0047] Figure 15D - shows the field in the y-z plane;

[0048] Figure 15E - shows a 3-dimensional representation of the field in the x-y-z planes;

[0049] Figure 16 A - shows the device according to some embodiments in a collapsed state with a cover;

[0050] Figure 16B - shows the device of Figure 16A with the cover removed and in an extended state;

[0051] Figure 17A - shows a perspective view of the device according to some embodiments in a closed or collapsed state;

[0052] Figure 17B - shows the device in an extended or deployed state;

[0053] Figure 18A - shows a side view of the device of Figure 17A in a collapsed state;

[0054] Figure 18B - shows the device of Figure 18A in a partially-extended or deployed state;

[0055] Figure 18C - shows the device of Figure 18B in a further-extended or deployed state;

[0056] Figure 18D - shows the device of Figure 18A in a fully extended or deployed state;

[0057] Figure 19 - shows an internal cross section of the device of Figure 18A;

[0058] Figure 20 - shows an embodiment of a PCB configuration for use in the device of Figure 19;

[0059] Figure 21 - shows a circuit schematic of an embodiment of the induction charging system for use in the device;

[0060] Figure 22 - shows a circuit schematic of an embodiment of the MCU circuitry for use in the device of Figure 18A;

[0061] Figure 23 - shows a circuit schematic of an embodiment of the output circuitry for use in the device of Figure 18A;

[0062] Figure 24 - shows circuit schematic of an embodiment of the power circuitry for use in the device of Figure 18A;

[0063] Figure 25 A - shows a side view of the device of Figure 18A in a fully extended or deployed state with some example dimensions; [0064] Figure 25B - shows a front end view of the device of Figure 18A with some example dimensions;

[0065] Figure 25C - shows a side view of the device of Figure 18A in a collapsed or closed state with some example dimensions;

[0066] Figure 26A - shows an example of a diver holding the device in an extended or deployed state;

[0067] Figure 26B - shows an example of a holster for storing the device;

[0068] Figure 26C - shows the device stored in the holster of Figure 26B;

[0069] Figure 26D - shows the diver swimming with the device stored in the holster;

[0070] Figure 27A - shows an induction charger base for charging the device according to some embodiments;

[0071] Figure 27B - shows the device being docked with the base of Figure 27A;

[0072] Figure 27C - shows the device docked with the base of figure 27A; and

[0073] Figure 28 - shows the device according to another aspect in which the device and the electric signal generator are separate.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0074] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a general embodiment according to one aspect of a device 100. In this view, there is shown device 100 comprising an electrically-non-conductive casing 90, first electrode 10 and second electrode 20. Within casing 90, is represented (in dotted lines) electric signal generator 80 for generating electric signals, and first conductive wire 1 1 and second conductive wire 21 connecting the electric signal generator 80 to first electrode 10 and second electrode 20 respectively.

[0075] Generally then there is provided A device comprising: a casing; an electric signal generator housed in the casing for generating an electrical signal; a first electrode and a second electrode electrically connected to the electric signal generator for generating an electric field in response to the electrical signal, the electric field for deterring creatures having Ampullae of Lorenzini; the device being able to be held in a user’s hand. [0076] In use, the first electrode 10 and the second electrode 20 radiate an electric field 200 which acts to repel or deter chondrichthyans within the field. It is known that chondrichthyans such as predatory sharks have highly sensitive electrical receptors called the“Ampullae of Lorenzini” located in their snouts. These tiny gel-filled sacs sense electrical current from prey.

[0077] Creatures known to have ampullae of Lorenzini include the class Chondrichthyans (which include sharks, rays and chimaeras), as well as the class Chondrostei (such as reed fish).

Chondrichthyans themselves are divided into the subclasses Elasmobranchii (including sharks, rays and skates) and Holocephali (including chimaeras).

[0078] In some embodiments, the various aspects described herein are intended to control aquatic animals of the subclass Elasmobranchii. In such embodiments, the generation of the field is particularly effective when generated as a pulse train.

[0079] The field generated by the electric signal generator 80 and first and second electrodes 10, 20 causes the ampullae to spasm, causing great discomfort to the creature, and consequently deterring the creature and causing it to move away from the generated field 200.

[0080] Any suitable electrical signal generator can be used, such that it will provide electrical signals to first electrode 10 and second electrode 20 that will then radiate an electric field therebetween, in accordance with those signals, that will repel or deter chondrichthyans. An example of one such suitable signal generator is described in detail in US patent No 5,566,643 hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0081] In an example of suitable signals generated, the voltage pulses generated may have a duration of between about 0.1ms and 200ms, a frequency between about lHz and 60Hz, a pulse rise time that is less than about 0.001 ps and a voltage magnitude between about 24V and 72V.

[0082] In some embodiments, the pulses are produced in pulse trains, with each pulse train comprising several pulses and each pulse having a duration of between about 0.1 ms and 2ms, a spacing between adjacent pulses in a pulse train of between about lms and 30ms, and the pulse trains repeating at a period of between about 100ms and 1000ms.

[0083] Example voltage pulses 50, 52 produced by the electrical signal generator 80 are shown in Figure 2A. In this example, the pulses are substantially square type with alternating positive and negative pulses 50, 52. [0084] Since the system is often operated during use in sea water that has a lower electrical resistance than fresh water, the signal generator 80 may be arranged to limit the current produced by the signal generator 80 and thereby protect the circuitry of the signal generator 80.

[0085] Alternative example voltage pulses 54, 56 produced by the signal generator 80 are shown in Figure 2B. In this example, the pulses are substantially saw tooth shaped. With this arrangement, a lower amount of energy is imparted to the electric field generated in the water than the voltage pulses 50, 52 shown in Figure 2A.

[0086] In a particular example shown in Figure 2C, a pulse waveform that includes alternating positive 60 and negative 62 pulse trains is shown. Each pulse train includes 3 substantially square wave pulses 64, 66, each pulse train is repeated every 200ms. Each pulse 64, 66 has a duration of about 0.5ms, is repeated every 20ms and has a magnitude of about 48V.

[0087] It will be appreciated that the above signal characteristics describe only some embodiments, and many other variations and modifications may be made that still provide a field that will deter or repel chondrichthyans.

[0088] For example, alternative electrical signal generators are described in US patent nos. 3,686,280 (Holt) and 3,164,772 (Hicks), which describe shark repelling or deterring devices utilising pulse generators producing an electric field to divert sharks from the proximity of the generating apparatus. Other systems are also described in US patent nos. 3,822,403 (Hicks), and 4,211,980 (Stowell), all previously incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0089] Thus the device 100 is able to affect chondrichthyans from a distance and does not require actual physical contact of the chondrichthyan with one or the other of the first and second electrodes.

[0090] In some embodiments, device 100 is substantially cylindrical as shown in Figure 3 A. In some of these embodiments, first and second electrodes 10, 20 can be provided as conductive rings surrounding the non-conductive casing 90. In some embodiments, electrodes 10, 20 can be provided integral with the non-conductive material of casing 90. In other embodiments, electrodes 10, 20 can be provided as separate rings that can be attached to the casing 90, such as by welding, adhering, friction fit or any other suitable means of attachment. In some embodiments, one of the first electrode 10 or the second electrode 20 is provided as an integral part and the other is provided as a separate part.

[0091] Electrodes 10, 20 may be provided by any suitable material, including stainless steel, aluminium, alloys or other materials such as graphene and carbon fibre. [0092] In other embodiments such as shown in Figure 3B, the device 100 can be substantially square or rectangular in cross-section. In some of these embodiments, electrodes 10, 20 may be square “rings” which, like the embodiments described above with reference to Figure 3 A, can be either integrated with casing 90, provided as separate pieces, or a combination of both.

[0093] It will also be appreciated that the electrodes 10, 20 need not fully encompass the

circumference of the device, and may in fact simply be provided as“plates” on the surface. The difference in electrode configuration and placement will however, affect the shape and properties of the radiated field as will be understood by the person skilled in the art and the electrodes may be designed to suit the required field characteristics.

[0094] In some embodiments, the device 100 is extendable from a collapsed state to an extended state. This provides for more compact carrying and storage while also allowing an extended configuration in use, to provide a potentially larger field. In some embodiments, device 100 is telescopically-collapsible and extendable.

[0095] Figures 4A and 4B show an example of some of these embodiments. Figure 4A shows device 100 in a collapsed state, with a base 91, having received therein, an extension part 92. In this example, first electrode 10 is provided at an end of extension 92, and second electrode 20 is provided at another end of extension 92. In the collapsed state, second electrode 20 is not exposed as it is hidden within base 91.

[0096] In other embodiments, second electrode 20 may be provided on base 91.

[0097] Base 91 may be used as the handle of the device 100 to allow the user to hold the device 100 in the user’s hand.

[0098] Figure 4B shows the device 100 in its extended state, with extension 92 extended from base 91, resulting in a longer device 100, with second electrode 20 now exposed and visible.

[0099] The extension may be accomplished by any suitable manner, including the user simply grabbing extension 92 and pulling it out of base 91, or having a spring-loaded mechanism which upon actuation of a button releases a retention mechanism holding extension 92 in place in its collapsed position against the biasing force of a spring element, to allow the spring mechanism to act to cause extension 92 to extend. In other embodiments, extension 92 may be deployed by a motorised mechanism to positively drive extension 92 into its extended position, for example, upon actuation of a button or other actuation mechanism such as a pressure sensor to activate the mechanism upon the user squeezing base 91 more firmly. [00100] In other embodiments, as shown in Figures 5 A, 5B and 5C, device 100 is extended via an unfolding mechanism. In some of these embodiments, base 91 and extension 92 are connected via a hinge 95. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5A, extension 92 may be stowed within a cavity in base 91 , and upon actuation of an actuating means, begins to fold out as shown in Figure 5B, to a fully extended position as shown in Figure 5C.

[00101] In the embodiment shown in Figures 5 A - 5C, first electrode 10 is provided at an end of extension 92 and second electrode 20 is provided on base 91, but in other embodiments, both first and second electrodes 10, 20 may be provided on extension 92 as in the embodiment of Figures 4A and 4B.

[00102] In other embodiments, further extension pieces may be provided to increase the potential length of device 100. In the embodiment shown in Figures 6A and 6B, an intermediate extension 93 is provided. In some of these embodiments, extension 92 is nested within intermediate extension 93, which in turn is nested within base 91, to provide a telescopically-collapsible and extendable device 100.

[00103] Figure 6B shows the device 100 in its extended form, with extension 92, intermediate extension 93 and base 91.

[00104] In the embodiment shown in Figures 6 A and 6B, the first electrode is provided on the extension 92 and the second electrode is provided on the intermediate extension 93, however, in other embodiments, the electrodes 10, 20 can be both provided on the extension 92, or both provided on the intermediate extension 93, or one provided on the extension 92 and one on the base 91, or one provided on the intermediate extension 93 and one on the base 91, or any other combination.

[00105] It will also be appreciated that further extension pieces can be provided, including 3,

4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and more than 10.

[00106] Figure 7 shows another example of chondrichthyan deterring device 100 showing another schematic of the device 100 in its extended state. In this embodiment, device 100 has handle 91 , extension 92 and intermediate extension 93, telescopically-collapsible and extendable, with first electrode 10 provided on extension 92 and second electrode 20 provided on base 91.

[00107] In this schematic, example dimensions are provided, with base 91 being about 20cm long, intermediate extension 93 being about 15cm long, and extension 92 being about 15cm long. Of course, the lengths of each part can be any suitable length, including from 2cm to 5cm, from 5cm to 10cm, from 10cm to 20cm, from 20cm to 30cm, from 30cm to 40cm, from 40cm to 50cm, from 50cm to 60cm, from 60cm to 70cm and more than 70cm. [00108] Figure 8 shows the device 100 of Figure 7 in an operating state, with electric field 200 generated around the device 100. In some embodiments, the field is generated to encompass a sufficient distance from the end of the device 100 and still providing a field intensity of 9V/m at that distance for example. An example distance from the end of the device 100 is about 25cm. Of course the characteristics of the field can be tailored to any suitable intensity at any suitable range as will be understood by the person skilled in the art. Simulations of the field for different embodiments will be described later in more detail with reference to Figures 13A to 15E.

[00109] Figure 9 shows a schematic cross-section view of the base 91 , with intermediate extension 93 and extension 92 telescopically-collapsed with the base 91. Also shown are Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 70 supporting the circuit elements of the electric signal generator 80, and power source 30, such as a single cell battery.

[001 10] Figure 10 shows another possible embodiment in which the PCB 70 and power source are provided in a PCB/battery container 40 for receiving and retaining battery 30 and PCB 70, and which can be slid into base 91. First conductive wire 11 and second conductive wire 21 are also shown, which in use, will be connected to respective first and second electrodes 10, 20.

[001 1 1 ] As shown in Figure 10, an example width of the device 100 is up to 35mm, but of course, the device may be of any suitable dimension, including up to 10mm, from 10mm to 30mm, from 30mm to 50mm and more than 50mm.

[001 12] Figure 11 shows an end view of a cross-section of the device 100, showing how the

PCB 70 and in this case, two batteries 30, could be positioned within the casing 90, with some exemplary dimensions, according to some embodiments.

[00113] In some embodiments, the device as a whole is watertight to prevent any ingress of water at depths likely to be used by a user of the device. In other embodiments, the device as a whole need not be watertight but only internal electricity-carrying components will be watertight so as not to expose these to water which may result in a short-circuit and thus damage to the device or injury to the user. For example, the conductive elements (other than the first and second electrodes) may be encased within a waterproof resin, sealant or other material.

[00114] Figures 12A and 12B shows a possible circuit layout of the signal generator circuit for providing excitation signals to the electrodes, according to some embodiments.

[001 15] Figures 13A to 15E show modelling simulations of the electric field for different device configurations and electric signal intensities. The simulation in Figures 13A to 13E shows the field for the device 100 as shown in Figure 13 A, with exemplary dimensions shown and using 100 V electrode impulse.

[001 16] Figure 13B shows the simulation for the field in the x-y plane showing an end-on view. Figure 13C shows the field in the x-z plane. Figure 13D shows the field in the y-z plane and Figure 13E shows a 3-dimensional representation of the field in the x-y-z planes.

[001 17] The simulation in Figures 14A to 14E shows the field for the device 100 as shown in

Figure 14A, with exemplary dimensions shown and using 100V electrode impulse.

[00118] Figure 14B shows the simulation for the field in the x-y plane showing an end-on view. Figure 14C shows the field in the x-z plane. Figure 14D shows the field in the y-z plane and Figure 14E shows a 3-dimensional representation of the field in the x-y-z planes.

[001 19] The simulation in Figures 15A to 15E shows the field for the device 100 as shown in

Figure 13A, with exemplary dimensions shown and using 100V electrode impulse.

[00120] Figure 15B shows the simulation for the field in the x-y plane showing an end-on view. Figure 15C shows the field in the x-z plane. Figure 13D shows the field in the y-z plane and Figure 15E shows a 3 -dimensional representation of the field in the x-y-z planes.

[00121] Figure 16A shows another embodiment of chondrichthyan deterring device 100 having a slightly ovoid cross-section. In this embodiment, second electrode 20 is disposed on base 91, which also has an aperture 91a therein for receiving a loop 97 through which a user can put around their wrist to help retain device 100.

[00122] Figure 16A also shows a cover or“holster” 300 which can provide a means for the user to retain the device to their body when not in use. The cover slots 301, 302 can receive a belt worn by the user, and the device 100 may be withdrawn from cover or holster 300 when required, and extended as shown in Figure 16B as previously described.

[00123] As shown in the extended and uncovered view of Figure 16B, first electrode 10 is disposed on extension 92. In this embodiment, device 100 has base 91 and extension 92, with an extension rod 92a which is slidingly-received within a corresponding recess in base 91 to allow extension of the device. In these embodiments, when in the collapsed state, extension 92 sits against the edge of base 91 and is not itself received within base 91.

[00124] The electric signal generator 80 is disposed within base 91 as previously described, and first conductive wire 11 passes from the electric signal generator 80 in base 91 through extension rod 92a and is connected to first electrode 10 disposed on extension 92. [00125] The embodiment shown in Figures 16A and 16B also provides a baton 100 comprising an electric signal generator 80 for generating electric signals; and a first electrode 10 and a second electrode 20 for radiating an electric field in response to the electric signals for deterring chondrichthyans.

[00126] Further aspects and embodiments are described with reference to Figures 17A to 28.

In these aspects, there is provided a hand-holdable device 100 comprising a base part 91, an intermediate part 92a connected to the base part 91, an end part 92b connected to the intermediate part 92a; an electric signal generator 80 for generating electric signals to produce an electric field 200; a first electrode 10; and a second electrode 20, the first and second electrodes for radiating the electric field in response to the electric signals for deterring creatures having ampullae of Lorenzini.

[00127] Figure 17A shows a perspective view of an embodiment of these aspects. In this embodiment, device 100 has a trigger 1 10, a finger guard 105 and a holding region 120, all formed on a base part 91. Also visible in this view is hinge 95, the purposes all of which will be described in more detail below.

[00128] Figure 17B shows a side view of the device 100 of Figure 17A, in an extended or deployed state. In this view, there is shown intermediate part 92a and end part 92b, which together, form the extension 92 described in relation to previous embodiments. In this embodiment, first electrode 10 is provided on end part 92b and second electrode 20 is provided on intermediate part 92a.

[00129] Figures 18A to 18D show the device 100 in various stages of extension or deployment. Figure 18A shows the device 100 in its fully collapsed or closed state, with base part 91 providing holding region 120, which in some embodiments is provided by an elastomer grip cover. In other embodiments, holding region 120 is simply provided by an area for holding, and need not have any specific covering or layers. Also shown in this state are trigger 110 for extending or deploying the device upon actuation by the user, and in some embodiments, finger guard 105 for protecting the fingers of the user holding the device, as well as reducing the risk of the trigger 110 from being inadvertently knocked causing inadvertent extension or deployment of the device 100.

[00130] Also visible in this view are a part of intermediate part 92a which is collapsed into the base part 91 , and a part of end part 92b which is folded against intermediate part 92a and also received within base part 91. Hinge 95 is also visible in this view, connecting intermediate part 92a and end part 92b.

[00131] Figure 18B shows the next stage of extension or deployment. As the user actuates trigger 1 10, intermediate part 92a extends out of base 91 as shown by the arrow. As the intermediate part 92a extends beyond a certain point as shown in Figure 1 8C, end part 92b is released from the base part 91 and begins to pivot about hinge 95 away from intermediate part 92a due to a spring force as will be described in more detail below. As can be seen, first electrode 10 is provided on the end part 92b.

[00132] When the device 100 is fully extended or deployed, as shown in Figure 18D, end part

92b is substantially in line with intermediate part 92a, providing spaced apart first and second electrodes 10, 20 for radiating the electric field.

[00133] In some embodiments, the electric field is generated upon the end part 92b moving away from intermediate part 92a. In some embodiments, the electric field is generated upon the user actuating another button once the device is fully deployed.

[00134] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 18D, there is also provided an induction charging docking point 130, as will be described in more detail below.

[00135] To collapse the device 100, the user simply folds in end part 92b about hinge 95, and holds it in place as the user also pushes intermediate part 92a back into the base part 9, until it locks into place and is able to be released by the user to stay in the collapsed state as shown in Figure 18 A.

[00136] Figure 19 shows an internal cross section of the device 100, showing the device 100 in its collapsed state. Shown in this view are intermediate part 92a received within a recess of base part 91. At the rear of the recess of base part 91 and behind intermediate part 92a is extension spring 140, which in this state is under compression, and ready to expand as soon as the device is expanded or deployed upon actuation of trigger 110. Trigger 1 10 has a trigger lock 110a, which is received in trigger lock slot 92a- 1 which in this embodiment is simply a recess in the intermediate part 92a. With trigger lock 110a received within trigger lock slot 92a- 1, intermediate part 92a is prevented from moving forward/extending out of base part 91 under the force of extension spring 140. Trigger lock spring 110b is also provided to keep trigger lock 110a in trigger lock slot 92a- 1 by pushing upwards.

[00137] When the user actuates the trigger 110 by pushing it upwards towards base part 91, the trigger 1 10 pivots about trigger hinge 1 1 1 , causing tricker lock 1 10a to be biased downwards. This force overcomes the opposing force of trigger lock spring 1 10b, allowing trigger lock 1 10a to exit the trigger lock slot 92a- 1, thus removing any holding force against the expansion force of extension spring 140, thus causing intermediate part 92a to extend out of base part 91 as shown in Figure 18B.

[00138] As intermediate part 92a continues to extend out of base part 91 , end part 92b moves out with intermediate part 92a since they are connected together at hinge 95, and when the end of end part 92a exits the base part 91, it is caused to pivot about hinge 95 due to the fact that hinge 95 is a spring-loaded hinge, which causes end part 92b to pivot away from intermediate part 92a as shown in Figure 18C, until it is substantially in line with intermediate part 92a and the device 100 is fully extended or deployed as shown in Figure 18D. In this configuration, first electrode 10 and second electrode 20 are exposed to the water when in use, to allow for radiation of the electric field.

[00139] Also shown in Figure 19 is PCB 70 and battery 30, which in this embodiment are housed in intermediate part 92a. First conductive wire 11 is also seen connecting first electrode 10 to the PCB 70 through end part 92b.

[00140] In the embodiment shown, the electric field 200 is generated as the end part 92b pivots away from intermediate part 92a, by virtue of a Reed switch 81 associated with intermediate part 92a and magnet 82 associated with end part 92b as seen in Figure 19. As end part 92b moves away from intermediate part 92a upon extension, magnet 82 moves away from the Reed switch 81, actuating the Reed switch, which in turn, activates the electric signal generator 80, causing the electric field to be radiated by first and second electrodes 10, 20.

[00141] In other embodiments, the electric field 200 may be generated separately upon manual actuation of a switch by the user.

[00142] To collapse the device 100 from the extended or deployed state of Figure 18D, the user simply folds the end part 92b about hinge 95 (which overcomes the spring force of the hinge 95) towards the intermediate part 92a, and then pushes the intermediate part 92a and the folded end part 92b into the recess of base part 91, against the biasing force of extension spring 140, until the trigger lock 110a clicks into place in trigger lock slot 92a- 1, to thereby retain the assembly in the collapsed state, until the trigger 110 is actuated again by the user.

[00143] Also seen in Figure 19 is induction charging docking point 130 on intermediate part

92a. This allows in some embodiments, for the device 100 to be charged via an induction charging device (see more detail below). PCB 70 (see also Figure 20), is disposed within intermediate part 92a such that induction charging receiver coil 50 is positioned at the induction charging docking point 130 so as to receive charging power via induction, and convey this energy to the battery 30.

[00144] Figure 21 shows a circuit schematic of an embodiment of the induction charging system. Figure 22 shows a circuit schematic of an embodiment of the circuit for the MCU system for controlling the operations of the device 100. Figure 23 shows a circuit schematic of an embodiment of the output system including the electrodes, and Figure 24 shows a circuit schematic of an embodiment of the power system for the device 100. [00145] Figures 25A, 25B and 25C show various views of the device 100 showing example dimensions according to some embodiments. Figure 25A shows the device 100 in its fully extended or deployed state, having an overall length of 609.6mm. Figure 25B shows a front end view of device 100 in the collapsed sate, showing a height of 86mm and a width of 36mm. Figure 25C shows a side view of the device 100 in its collapsed state, showing an overall length of 262.7mm.

[00146] Of course, it will be understood that these dimensions are merely of some embodiments, and the dimensions may vary over a wide range for different embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the overall length of the device 100 in its collapsed state can vary from about 100mm or less, to about 400mm or more, including from about lOOmm to l50mm, from about 150mm to about 200mm, from about 200mm to about 250mm, from about 250mm to about 300mm, from about 300mm to about 350mm, from about 350mm to about 400mm or more. Similarly, its overall length in the extended or deployed state may vary in some embodiments from about 400mm or less to about 1000mm or more, including from about 400mm to about 500mm, from 500mm to about 600mm, from about 600mm to about 700mm, from about 700mm to about 800mm, from about 800mm to about 900mm, and from about 900mm to about 1000mm or more. Similarly, in some embodiments, the height may vary from about 50mm or less to about 100mm or more, including from about 50mm to about 60mm, from about 60mm to about 70mm, from about 70mm to about 80mm, from about 80mm to about 90mm and from about 90mm to about 100mm or more. Similarly, in some embodiments, the width may vary from about 20mm or less to about 50mm or more, including about 20mm to about 30mm, from about 30mm to about 40mm and from about 40mm to about 50mm or more. Similarly, the ratios between the different dimensions may also vary from embodiment to embodiment and need not be as shown in Figures 25A to 25C.

[00147] Figure 26A shows an example of a user 400, such as a diver, holding the device 100 in his hand. In this view, the device is fully extended or deployed, and generating an electric field 200. This view also shows a holster 300 connected to the user’s leg via a belt 150. Once the user 400 has finished with the device 100, and has collapsed it into its collapsed or closed state as previously described, the user 400 can store the device 100 in the holster 300 for close and easy access.

[00148] Figure 26B shows an embodiment of a holster 300 connected to belt 150. Device 100 is seen about to be inserted in the holster 300. Figure 26C shows the device 100 fully inserted and retained in the holster 300. Figure 26D shows the user 400 continuing to dive, with the device 100 secured in the holster 300. Of course any variations are possible for the holster, including with a belt around the user’s waist, or a pocket formed in the user’s diving suit. [00149] In some embodiments, a tether strap may be provided on the device 100 to wrap around the user’s wrist, or a tether cord can be provided connecting the device 100 to a point on the user such as a belt. In this way, the user is less likely to drop or lose the device accidentally.

[00150] According to another aspect, the device 100 may be charged using a number of means, including directly plugging the device into mains power via an adapter, or charging by induction charging. Figure 27A shows an embodiment of a base 600 for induction charging. In this embodiment, the base 600 is plugged into mains or supply at a power outlet via plug 601. Figure 27B shows the device 100 in its extended or deployed state about to be connected to the base 600 via the induction charging docking point 130, in the intermediate part 92a as previously described.

[00151] Any suitable induction charging system can be used, including the Qi induction charging standard developed by the Wireless Power Consortium.

[00152] In other embodiments, non-chargeable on-board batteries may be used that need to be replaced when they are expired.

[00153] In other embodiments, the device 100 need not have the electric signal generator as part of the device. In some embodiments, the device 100 comprises a base part 91, an intermediate part 92a connected to the base part 91 , an end part 92b connected to the intermediate part 92a; a first electrode 10; and a second electrode 20. The device according to this aspect comprises a connection for connecting to the electric signal generator 80 via, for example a connector cord 85 which electrically connects the first and second electrodes to the electrical signal generator 80 for radiating the electric field in response to the electric signals. Figure 28 shows an example of this aspect, in which device 100 does not contain the electrical signal generator 80, but rather is connectable to it via connector cord 85. In some embodiments of this aspect, electric signal generator may be supported by the user in a pouch, or otherwise on the user’s body.

[00154] The connection point 86 for receiving the connector 85 may be provided anywhere on the device that is convenient, including at the rear, as shown in the embodiment of Figure 28. In some embodiments, the connector 85 is removable from the connection point 86, leaving the device 100 and the electric signal generator 80 to be separate elements.

[00155] In the embodiments according to this aspect, the device 100 is easier to manufacture, requiring fewer electronic components and may be completely mechanical in some embodiments.

[00156] In a broad aspect then, there is provided a hand-holdable device 100 for connection to an electric signal generator 80 capable of generating electric signals to produce an electric field that in use, deters creatures having ampullae of Lorenzini, the hand-holdable device comprising: a region for holding; and a first electrode and a second electrode, the first and second electrodes being for radiating the electric field in response to the electric signals.

[00157] Throughout the specification and the claims that follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the words“comprise” and“include” and variations such as“comprising” and“including” will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or group of integers, but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.

[00158] The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement of any form of suggestion that such prior art forms part of the common general knowledge.

[00159] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the aspects described herein are not restricted in their use to the particular application described. Neither are the aspects restricted in their described embodiments with regard to the particular elements and/or features described or depicted herein and are capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing from the scope as set forth and defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A device comprising:

a casing;

an electric signal generator housed in the casing for generating an electrical signal; a first electrode and a second electrode electrically connected to the electric signal generator for generating an electric field in response to the electrical signal, the electric field for deterring creatures having Ampullae of Lorenzini;

the device being able to be held in a user’s hand.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1 wherein the casing is substantially cylindrical.

3. A device as claimed in any one of claims 2 or 3 wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are provided by conducting elements around the casing.

4. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2 wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are formed as conducting elements of the casing.

5. A device as claimed in any one of claims 3 or 4 wherein the device is extendable.

6. A device as claimed in claim 5 wherein the device is telescopically extendable.

7. A device as claimed in claim 5 wherein the device is foldable.

8. A device as claimed in claim 5 comprising a base part and an extension part, wherein the extension part is extendable with respect to the base.

9. A device as claimed in claim 6 comprising a base part and an extension part, wherein the extension part is telescopically extendable with respect to the base.

10. A device as claimed in claim 6 comprising a base part and an extension part, wherein the extension part is foldable with respect to the base.

11. A device as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9 wherein the first electrode is disposed on the base part and the second electrode is disposed on the extension part.

12. A device as claimed in claim 7 further comprising an intermediate extension part between the base part and the extension part.

13. A device as claimed in claim 12 wherein the first electrode is disposed on the intermediate extension part and the second electrode is disposed on the extension part.

14. A device as claimed in any one of claims 5 to 13 wherein the device begins to radiate the electric field upon extending the device.

15. A baton comprising:

an electric signal generator for generating electric signals; and

a first electrode and a second electrode for radiating an electric field in response to the electric signals for deterring chondrichthyans.

16. A hand-holdable device comprising:

a base part;

an intermediate part connected to the base part;

an end part connected to the intermediate part;

an electric signal generator for generating electric signals to produce an electric field;

a first electrode;

and a second electrode, the first and second electrodes for radiating the electric field in response to the electric signals for deterring creatures having ampullae of Lorenzini.

17. A hand-holdable device as claimed in claim 16 wherein the electric field is for deterring creatures of the subclass Elasmobranchii.

18. A hand-holdable device as claimed in any one of claims 16 or 17 wherein the end part is pivotably connected to the intermediate part.

19. A hand-holdable device as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 18 wherein the intermediate part is slidingly connected to the base part.

20. A hand-holdable device as claimed in claim 19 wherein the end part is able to be pivoted towards the intermediate part to lie substantially parallel with the intermediate part, and is able to be received within the base part when the intermediate part is slid into the base part.

21. A hand-holdable device as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 20 wherein the first electrode is provided on the end part.

22. A hand-holdable device as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 21 wherein the second electrode is provided on the intermediate part.

23. A hand-holdable device as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 22 wherein the base part comprises a grip portion for allowing a user to hold the hand-holdable device.

24. A hand-holdable device as claimed in claim 23 wherein the base part comprises a trigger for allowing the user to extend the intermediate part and the end part.

25. A hand-holdable device as claimed in claim 24 wherein when the trigger is actuated, the end part pivots away from the intermediate part as the intermediate part extends out of the base part, to lie substantially in line with the intermediate part.

26. A hand-holdable device as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 25 wherein the electric field is generated as the device is extended.

27. A hand-holdable device as claimed in claim 26 wherein the electric field is generated when the first part pivots away from the intermediate part.

28. A hand-holdable device as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 25 wherein the electric field is generated upon separate actuation by the user.

29. A hand-holdable device for connection to an electric signal generator capable of generating electric signals to produce an electric field that in use, deters creatures having ampullae of Lorenzini, the hand- holdable device comprising:

a region for holding; and

a first electrode and a second electrode, the first and second electrodes being for radiating the electric field in response to the electric signals.

30. A hand-holdable device as claimed in claim 29 comprising the electric signal generator.

31. A hand-holdable device comprising:

a base part;

an intermediate part connected to the base part;

an end part connected to the intermediate part;

a first electrode; and

a second electrode; and

a connection point for connecting the first electrode and the second electrode to an electric signal generator capable of generating electric signals to produce an electric field that in use, deters creatures having ampullae of Lorenzini.