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WO2019114377A1 - 保安单元 - Google Patents

保安单元 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019114377A1
WO2019114377A1 PCT/CN2018/109004 CN2018109004W WO2019114377A1 WO 2019114377 A1 WO2019114377 A1 WO 2019114377A1 CN 2018109004 W CN2018109004 W CN 2018109004W WO 2019114377 A1 WO2019114377 A1 WO 2019114377A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
alarm
security unit
current limiting
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/109004
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐荣道
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nanjing ZTE New Software Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nanjing ZTE New Software Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nanjing ZTE New Software Co Ltd filed Critical Nanjing ZTE New Software Co Ltd
Priority to EP18889156.8A priority Critical patent/EP3726682B1/en
Publication of WO2019114377A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019114377A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/06—Mounting arrangements for a plurality of overvoltage arresters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/12—Means structurally associated with spark gap for recording operation thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/16—Series resistor structurally associated with spark gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters

Definitions

  • the application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular to a security unit.
  • the security unit of the patch panel has over-current and over-current protection in the communication line, and also has an alarm function when the external line voltage is abnormal.
  • 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of a security unit of the related art, wherein a and b are the outer ends of the security unit, a', b' are the inner ends of the security unit, S is the security unit warning signal end, and GND is the security.
  • the overcurrent protection components R1 and R2 are Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistance (PTCR)
  • the overvoltage protection components GDT1 and GDT2 are Gas Discharge Tubes (GDT)
  • K1 and K2 are normally closed masters.
  • the switch is generally made of a bimetal, and the main circuit is disconnected by deformation when the bimetal is overheated.
  • K3 is a normally open alarm switch, which is linked with K1 and K2. When an overvoltage occurs, the switch switches to the protection ground. When a current-limiting power supply is applied to the S pin and GND, the LED can be illuminated. H.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a security unit to avoid the risk of short circuit and burst due to overheating caused by overcurrent for a long time.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a security unit, including: a parallel overvoltage protection circuit and an alarm indication circuit, wherein:
  • the initial state of the overvoltage protection circuit is a high resistance state, and when the voltage at both ends is greater than the breakdown voltage, the state is converted to an on state, and when the current flowing in is greater than the current threshold and the duration exceeds the time threshold, the state is converted to an open state. ;
  • the alarm indicating circuit outputs an alarm signal when the voltage at both ends is greater than a voltage threshold.
  • the overvoltage protection circuit in the security unit can meet reliability standards such as related power lines and lightning surges, and can quickly bleed the amplified current when there is a lightning surge and an inrush current.
  • the switch to the open state can effectively prevent the gas discharge tube from being broken due to breakdown heat and causing the risk of bursting and burning the security unit.
  • the alarm indicating circuit in the security unit can perform the power line lap lighting alarm without the need of an external power supply such as -48V in the case of abnormal voltage hazard such as power line connection or power line induction. At the same time, it is compatible with the conventional security unit.
  • the power line can be connected to the network management alarm signal.
  • all components of the security unit can be soldered to a printed board, eliminating the need for bimetals and springs, and the cost is further reduced, making it more suitable for mass production.
  • the security unit adopts an overcurrent protection circuit, and through the positive temperature coefficient thermistor, when the external hazardous voltage continues to appear, the external hazardous current can be restricted from flowing into the protected user port, and at the same time, a rapid pulse interference such as a surge occurs. Under the function of decoupling between the security unit and the secondary protection circuit of the protection port.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a security unit circuit of the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a security unit of the related art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a security unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an alarm indication circuit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a security unit according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a first application example of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second application example of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a third application example of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a fourth application example of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a fifth application example of the present application.
  • the structure of the security unit of the related art is as shown in FIG. 2, and the structure is relatively complicated.
  • the utility model also includes a gas discharge tube, a heat transfer sheet, a spring, a low melting point alloy block, a movable block and a bimetal, etc., wherein a gas discharge is used.
  • a gas discharge is used.
  • the manual assembly work of this security unit is large, and the price of the bimetal is relatively high, resulting in a relatively high cost for the entire security unit.
  • the security unit of the embodiment of the present application is as shown in FIG. 3, the ports a and b are external lines, and the outdoor subscriber line is connected, and the ports a' and b' are internal lines, and the subscriber line of the central office equipment is protected by the security unit.
  • the security unit of the application embodiment includes: a parallel overvoltage protection circuit 10 and an alarm indication circuit 20, wherein:
  • the initial state of the overvoltage protection circuit 10 is a high resistance state, and when the voltage at both ends is greater than the breakdown voltage, the high resistance state is switched to the conduction state, when the current flowing in is greater than the current threshold, and the duration exceeds the time threshold. , converted to an open state;
  • the alarm indicating circuit 20 is in a high resistance state.
  • the alarm indicating submodule and the alarm signal output submodule output an alarm signal
  • the threshold switch can be an overvoltage protector (for example, Semiconductor overvoltage protector), transient suppression diode, varistor or Zener diode.
  • the overvoltage protection circuit in the security unit can meet the reliability standards of related power lines and lightning surges, and can quickly vent the amplified current in the case of lightning surges and inrush currents.
  • the switch to the open state can effectively prevent the gas discharge tube from being broken due to the breakdown heat and the risk of burning the security unit.
  • the overvoltage protection circuit 10 includes at least one open circuit failure type gas discharge tube.
  • the gas discharge tube In the case of an over-voltage, the gas discharge tube is heated. If the over-voltage is maintained for a long time, the gas discharge tube will burn out.
  • the open-circuit failure type gas discharge tube can function as a lightning discharge current when subjected to a lightning strike or a surge overvoltage; and an abnormal condition causes a breakdown of the internal gas for a long time, between the electrode and the insulating tube body.
  • the low-temperature sealing adhesive melts and the sealing state fails.
  • the external air quickly enters and contacts the emitting surface to extinguish the air, and the subsequent current is quickly cut off, thereby preventing the gas discharge tube from bursting and burning the security unit.
  • the overvoltage protection circuit 10 includes two two-electrode open-circuit failure type gas discharge tubes connected in series, and the two two-electrode open-circuit failure type gas discharge tubes are grounded; or, the overvoltage protection The circuit includes a three-electrode open-circuit failure gas discharge tube.
  • the low temperature sealing adhesive of the open circuit type gas discharge tube meets the relevant reliability standard by selecting an appropriate melting heat value (I2t). If the current exceeds 1A, the time threshold can be set to 0.2 seconds or more, and the DC breakdown voltage of the discharge tube is greater than the rated voltage of the power line lap specified by the relevant standards such as the ITU (International Telecommunications Union) K20, which is smaller than the standard. Power line sense test voltage.
  • ITU International Telecommunications Union
  • the current threshold, the time threshold, the breakdown voltage, and the voltage threshold may be set according to actual conditions, and the corresponding open-circuit failure type gas discharge tube is selected, and is not limited to the above examples.
  • the open circuit failure type gas discharge tube in the package form includes a pin and a chip package.
  • the pin package it can be directly soldered on the PCB (Printed Circuit Board);
  • the chip package it can be soldered directly on the PCB or fixed by a metal fixture, and the metal fixture is directly soldered on the PCB. .
  • the alarm indication circuit of the embodiment of the present application includes a first current limiting module 21, a second current limiting module 22, and an alarm module 23, wherein the first current limiting module 21 and the second current limiting module
  • the modules 22 are connected in series, and one end of the alarm module 23 is connected between the first current limiting module 21 and the second current limiting module 22, and the other end is grounded.
  • the first current limiting module 21 and the second current limiting module 22 are in an off state when no power line is connected, and the alarm indicating circuit is in a high resistance state, and when a power line is connected,
  • the threshold switch has a current flowing through and clamped, and the alarm module 23 outputs an alarm.
  • the first current limiting module 21 includes a first current limiting resistor and a first threshold switch in series
  • the second current limiting module 22 includes a second current limiting resistor and a second threshold in series
  • the alarm module 23 includes an alarm indicator sub-module.
  • the first threshold switch and the second threshold switch are in a high impedance state, thereby avoiding the influence of the indicating circuit on the signal quality of the subscriber line.
  • the voltage at the two ends of the alarm indicating circuit is greater than the voltage threshold, and the first threshold switch and the second threshold switch are switched to the conductive state, and the first current limiting resistor and the second current limiting current are The resistor performs current limiting, and a milliampere current is formed between the subscriber line and the protection ground, so that the alarm module outputs an alarm signal (for example, a light emitting diode (LED) indicator), compared to the existing security unit.
  • the external DC power supply that needs to illuminate the LED indication is omitted.
  • the first current limiting module 21 includes a first current limiting resistor
  • the second current limiting module 22 includes a second current limiting resistor
  • the alarm module 23 includes a series of threshold switches and an alarm indicator. Module.
  • the threshold switch is located in the alarm module 23, which saves a threshold switch and saves cost.
  • the first current limiting resistor and the second current limiting resistor act as a current limiting function for the alarm indicating circuit, and the protection alarm module 23 is not damaged by a large current impact.
  • the threshold switch is switched from the high-resistance state to the conductive state, and the alarm indicator sub-module flows into the milliamp-level current to illuminate the alarm indicator in the alarm indicator sub-module.
  • the threshold switch can be an overvoltage protector, for example, a semiconductor overvoltage protector (including a TSS (Thyristor Surge Suppressor)), or a transient suppression diode, a varistor or a Zener diode. composition.
  • a semiconductor overvoltage protector including a TSS (Thyristor Surge Suppressor)
  • a transient suppression diode including a varistor or a Zener diode. composition.
  • the alarm indicator sub-module includes one or more alarm indicators that are connected in parallel with each other.
  • the alarm indicator may be an LED indicator, or a bubble tube or other form of indicator light.
  • the alarm module further includes an alarm signal output sub-module, and the alarm signal output sub-module is connected in parallel with the alarm indicator sub-module to output at least one of a DC level signal or a pulse level signal.
  • the alarm signal may be output to an external device by outputting at least one of a DC level signal and a pulse level signal.
  • the alarm signal may be output to a monitoring device, and the alarm information is displayed and recorded by the monitoring device.
  • the alarm signal output sub-module includes an optocoupler device, and the optocoupler device is connected in parallel with the alarm indicator sub-module to output a pulse level signal.
  • the alarm signal output sub-module includes a rectifier circuit and an optocoupler device
  • the rectifier circuit includes a diode and a capacitor, and a positive pole of the diode is connected to a non-ground terminal of the alarm indicator sub-module, the diode
  • the negative electrode is connected to one end of the capacitor; the capacitor is connected in parallel with the optocoupler device, one end is connected to the negative pole of the diode, and the other end is grounded; the optocoupler device outputs a DC level signal.
  • the security unit may further include an overcurrent protection circuit 30, where the overcurrent protection circuit 30 includes a first overcurrent protection module and a second overcurrent protection module, the first One end of the flow protection module is connected to an outer end of the security unit and one end of the overvoltage protection circuit and the alarm indicating circuit, and the other end of the first overcurrent protection module is connected to an inner end of the security unit; One end of the second overcurrent protection module is connected to another outer end of the security unit and the other end of the overvoltage protection circuit and the alarm indicating circuit, and the other end of the second overcurrent protection module is opposite to the security unit The other inner end is connected.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 includes a first overcurrent protection module and a second overcurrent protection module, the first One end of the flow protection module is connected to an outer end of the security unit and one end of the overvoltage protection circuit and the alarm indicating circuit, and the other end of the first overcurrent protection module is connected to an inner end of the security unit;
  • One end of the second overcurrent protection module is connected to another outer
  • the first overcurrent protection module and the second overcurrent protection module are used to limit external hazardous currents flowing into the protected user port when the external hazardous voltage continues to occur, and in the case of rapid pulse interference such as surge, in the security unit and the protection port
  • the secondary protection circuit acts as a decoupling function.
  • the first overcurrent protection module includes a first positive temperature coefficient thermistor
  • the second overcurrent protection module includes a second positive temperature coefficient thermistor
  • the positive temperature coefficient thermistor In the case of normal voltage, the positive temperature coefficient thermistor is in a low resistance state. When the input voltage of the security unit exceeds the limit, the current flowing through the positive temperature coefficient thermistor increases, the temperature rises, and the positive temperature The coefficient thermistor is converted to a high-impedance state that acts as a current limit to protect the user port.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 can be omitted if the protected user port can meet the power line lap and sensing requirements.
  • the bimetal Since the open-circuit type gas discharge tube has a short heating time, the bimetal is not required as a switch to cut off the main circuit, and the alarm indicating circuit inputs an alarm signal when there is a hazardous voltage, so that the structural parts such as the bimetal and the spring can be removed, and the security unit All internal components can be soldered to the PCB and are more suitable for mass production.
  • ports a and b are external lines, which are connected to the outdoor subscriber line, and ports a' and b' are internal lines.
  • the security unit is connected to the subscriber line of the central office equipment.
  • the security unit of this application example includes : Parallel overvoltage protection circuit 10 and alarm indicating circuit 20, and overcurrent protection circuit 30.
  • the overvoltage protection circuit 10 includes open circuit type gas discharge tubes GDT1 and GDT2.
  • the low-temperature sealing adhesive of the open-circuit failure type gas discharge tube can be quickly melted and opened, thereby preventing the gas discharge tube from being thermally cracked and burned. Security unit.
  • the alarm indicating circuit includes a first current limiting module 21, a second current limiting module 22, and an alarm module 23, wherein the first current limiting module 21 includes a first current limiting resistor R1 and a first threshold switch (in this application example A threshold switch is illustrated as a surge suppression thyristor, denoted as TSS1), and the second current limiting module 22 includes a second current limiting resistor R2 and a second threshold switch (the second threshold is used in this application example)
  • the switch is a surge suppression thyristor as an example, denoted as TSS2), the alarm module 23 includes an alarm indicator sub-module, and the alarm indicator sub-module includes LEDs LED1 and LED2 connected in series with each other, and LED1 and LED2 are positive.
  • the negative pole is reversed so that when each direction is turned on, an indicator light will illuminate.
  • the value of the first current limiting resistor R1 and the second current limiting resistor R2 may be several hundred K ohms, which may be different according to the value of the user line voltage. The principle of the value is that when an overvoltage occurs, the alarm indicator light is generated.
  • the alarm indicator in the submodule flows through the milliampere level current, and the alarm indicator can be illuminated.
  • the TSS device When the power line is connected in the a or b subscriber line, the TSS device is in a critical conduction state or a conduction state.
  • the current limiting resistor R1 or R2 flows through the milliampere current to the protection ground GNDP on the LED, so that the LED is lit, so that maintenance personnel can find and locate the power line connection port in time.
  • Threshold switches can also be replaced with transient suppression diodes, varistors or Zener diodes. Since the power line is an AC power source, the LED indicator can be simplified to one or replaced with a bubble tube.
  • the open-circuit failure type gas discharge tube In the normal working condition of the subscriber line, the open-circuit failure type gas discharge tube is in a high resistance state, and the operating voltages of the threshold switches TSS1 and TSS2 are greater than the ringing current and the feeding voltage, and the semiconductor threshold switch member exhibits a high resistance state, thereby avoiding Indicates the effect of the circuit on the user's line signal.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 includes a first overcurrent protection module 31 and a second overcurrent protection module 32, wherein the first overcurrent protection module 31 includes a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC1, and the second overcurrent protection module 32 includes a positive temperature. Coefficient thermistor PTC2.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 uses positive temperature coefficient thermistors PTC1 and PTC2 to limit external hazardous currents to the user ports of the protected central office equipment when external hazardous currents continue to occur.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 can be omitted if the protected user port can meet the power line lap and sensing requirements.
  • the open-circuit failure type gas discharge tube can quickly discharge the hazardous current through the protection ground GNDP, and the positive temperature coefficient thermistors PTC1 and PTC2 are protected in the security unit and the protection port.
  • the decoupling between the circuits ensures that most of the hazardous energy can be vented through the gas discharge tube.
  • the application example provides a security unit.
  • the security unit of the application example includes: an overvoltage protection circuit 10 and an alarm indication circuit 20, and an overcurrent protection circuit 30.
  • the overvoltage protection circuit 10 includes open circuit type gas discharge tubes GDT1 and GDT2.
  • the low-temperature sealing adhesive of the open-circuit failure type gas discharge tube can be quickly melted and opened, thereby preventing the gas discharge tube from being thermally cracked and burned. Security unit.
  • the alarm limiting circuit includes a first current limiting module 21, a second current limiting module 22, and an alarm module 23.
  • the first current limiting module 21 includes a first current limiting resistor R1
  • the second current limiting module 22 includes a second limiting
  • the alarm module 23 includes a threshold switch TSS1 and an alarm indicator sub-module
  • the alarm indicator sub-module includes LEDs LED1 and LED2 connected in parallel with each other, and the positive and negative poles of LED1 and LED2 are reversed. When each direction is turned on, an indicator light will illuminate, and LED1 and LED2 can be composed of a two-color indicator.
  • This application example is a cost reduction scheme of application example 1.
  • Only one semiconductor threshold switch TSS1 is used, which is suitable for applications where the user line impedance does not require high resistance.
  • the first current limiting resistor R1 and the second current limiting resistor R2 are connected in series on the subscriber lines a and b.
  • the threshold switch in the example of the application, the threshold switch is a surge suppression thyristor as an example, denoted as TSS1
  • TSS1 is in a critical conduction state or a conduction state.
  • the milliampere current flows to the protection ground GNDP on LED1 and LED2, so that LED1 and LED2 are illuminated, so that maintenance personnel can find and locate the power line connection port in time.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 includes a first overcurrent protection module 31 and a second overcurrent protection module 32, wherein the first overcurrent protection module 31 includes a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC1, and the second overcurrent protection module 32 includes a positive temperature. Coefficient thermistor PTC2.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 uses positive temperature coefficient thermistors PTC1 and PTC2 to limit external hazardous currents to the user ports of the protected central office equipment when external hazardous currents continue to occur.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 can be omitted if the protected user port can meet the power line lap and sensing requirements.
  • the application example provides a security unit.
  • the security unit of the application example includes: an overvoltage protection circuit 10 and an alarm indicating circuit 20, and an overcurrent protection circuit 30.
  • the overvoltage protection circuit 10 includes open circuit type gas discharge tubes GDT1 and GDT2.
  • the low-temperature sealing adhesive of the open-circuit failure type gas discharge tube can be quickly melted and opened, thereby preventing the gas discharge tube from being thermally cracked and burned. Security unit.
  • the alarm limiting circuit includes a first current limiting module 21, a second current limiting module 22, and an alarm module 23.
  • the first current limiting module 21 includes a first current limiting resistor R1
  • the second current limiting module 22 includes a second limiting
  • the alarm module 23 includes a threshold switch (in the application example, the threshold switch is a surge suppression thyristor as an example, denoted as TSS) and the alarm indicator sub-module 231, the alarm indicator Module 231 includes a light emitting diode LED1.
  • This application example is a further cost reduction scheme of the application example 2. Since the power line is an AC power source, only one LED light-emitting diode can be used as an alarm indication.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 includes a first overcurrent protection module 31 and a second overcurrent protection module 32, wherein the first overcurrent protection module 31 includes a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC1, and the second overcurrent protection module 32 includes a positive temperature. Coefficient thermistor PTC2.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 uses positive temperature coefficient thermistors PTC1 and PTC2 to limit external hazardous currents to the user ports of the protected central office equipment when external hazardous currents continue to occur.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 can be omitted if the protected user port can meet the power line lap and sensing requirements.
  • the application example provides a security unit.
  • the security unit of the application example includes: an overvoltage protection circuit 10 and an alarm indication circuit 20, and an overcurrent protection circuit 30.
  • the overvoltage protection circuit 10 includes open circuit type gas discharge tubes GDT1 and GDT2.
  • the low-temperature sealing adhesive of the open-circuit failure type gas discharge tube can be quickly melted and opened, thereby preventing the gas discharge tube from being thermally cracked and burned. Security unit.
  • the alarm limiting circuit includes a first current limiting module 21, a second current limiting module 22, and an alarm module 23.
  • the first current limiting module 21 includes a first current limiting resistor R1
  • the second current limiting module 22 includes a second limiting
  • the alarm module 23 includes a threshold switch (in the application example, the threshold switch is a surge suppression thyristor as an example, denoted as TSS), the alarm indicator sub-module 231, and the alarm signal output sub-module 232
  • the alarm indicator sub-module 231 includes a light-emitting diode LED1, and the alarm signal output sub-module 232 is connected in parallel with the alarm indicator sub-module 231.
  • the alarm signal output sub-module 232 includes an optocoupler device G1, and the output pulse is electrically Flat signal.
  • this application example replaces one of the LED diodes with an optocoupler device, which is suitable for occasions requiring an alarm LED indication such as a power line connection and an alarm signal output.
  • an alarm LED indication such as a power line connection and an alarm signal output.
  • a 50 Hz/60 Hz pulse alarm signal can be output to the H terminal through the optocoupler device.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 includes a first overcurrent protection module 31 and a second overcurrent protection module 32, wherein the first overcurrent protection module 31 includes a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC1, and the second overcurrent protection module 32 includes a positive temperature. Coefficient thermistor PTC2.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 uses positive temperature coefficient thermistors PTC1 and PTC2 to limit external hazardous currents to the user ports of the protected central office equipment when external hazardous currents continue to occur.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 can be omitted if the protected user port can meet the power line lap and sensing requirements.
  • the application example provides a security unit.
  • the security unit of the application example includes: an overvoltage protection circuit 10 and an alarm indicating circuit 20, and an overcurrent protection circuit 30.
  • the overvoltage protection circuit 10 includes open circuit type gas discharge tubes GDT1 and GDT2.
  • the low-temperature sealing adhesive of the open-circuit failure type gas discharge tube can be quickly melted and opened, thereby preventing the gas discharge tube from being thermally cracked and burned. Security unit.
  • the alarm indicating circuit includes a first current limiting module 21, a second current limiting module 22, and an alarm module 23, wherein the first current limiting module 21 includes a first current limiting resistor R1 and a first threshold switch (a valve in this application example)
  • the value switch is an example of a surge suppression thyristor, denoted as TSS1)
  • the second current limiting module 22 includes a second current limiting resistor R2 and a second threshold switch (in this application example, the second threshold switch is
  • the alarm module 23 includes an alarm indicator sub-module 231 and an alarm signal output sub-module 232.
  • the alarm indicator sub-module 231 includes an LED 1 and an alarm signal output.
  • the sub-module 232 is connected in parallel with the alarm indicator sub-module 231.
  • the alarm signal output sub-module 232 includes a rectifier circuit and an optocoupler device G1.
  • the rectifier circuit includes a diode D1 and a capacitor C1, and the anode of the diode D1 is The non-ground terminal of the alarm indicator sub-module 231 is connected, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1; the capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the optocoupler device G1, and one end is connected to the diode D1. Electrode connected to the other end is grounded; G1 output of the optocoupler DC level signal.
  • This application example adds a diode D1 and a capacitor C1 rectifier circuit based on the application example 4.
  • the DC voltage is rectified through D1 and C1, so that the optocoupler device G1 is turned on.
  • the DC level alarm signal is output to the H terminal.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 includes a first overcurrent protection module 31 and a second overcurrent protection module 32, wherein the first overcurrent protection module 31 includes a positive temperature coefficient thermistor PTC1, and the second overcurrent protection module 32 includes a positive temperature. Coefficient thermistor PTC2.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 uses positive temperature coefficient thermistors PTC1 and PTC2 to limit external hazardous currents to the user ports of the protected central office equipment when external hazardous currents continue to occur.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit 30 can be omitted if the protected user port can meet the power line lap and sensing requirements.
  • the overvoltage protection circuit in the security unit can meet the reliability standards of related power lines and lightning surges, and can quickly vent the amplified current in the case of lightning surges and inrush currents.
  • the current threshold is greater than the current threshold and the duration exceeds the time threshold, the switch to the open state can effectively prevent the gas discharge tube from being broken due to the breakdown heat and the risk of burning the security unit.
  • the alarm indication circuit in the security unit can perform the lighting alarm without the need of an external power supply such as -48V in the case of an abnormally dangerous voltage such as power line connection or power line induction.
  • all components of the security unit can be soldered to a printed board, eliminating the need for bimetals and springs, and the cost is further reduced, making it more suitable for mass production.
  • the solution of the embodiment of the present application has good industrial applicability.

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  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种保安单元，包括：并联的过压保护电路（10）和告警指示电路（20），其中：所述过压保护电路（10）的初始状态为高阻状态，在两端电压大于击穿电压时，转换为导通状态，在流入的电流大于电流阈值，且持续时间超过时间阈值时，转换为开路状态；所述告警指示电路（20）在两端电压大于电压阈值时，输出告警信号。该保安单元可以有效防止气体放电管因击穿导通发热而引起的炸裂和烧毁保安单元等风险，且不需要外加电源，就能进行电力线搭接点灯告警。同时兼容常规保安单元，在外加-48V电阻限流电源的情况下，可以输出电力线搭接告警信号到网管。所述保安单元的所有元件都可以焊接在一块印制板上，取消了双金属片和弹簧等装置，成本进一步降低，更适合大批量生产。

Description

保安单元 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤指一种保安单元。
背景技术
配线架的保安单元在通信线路中起过压过流防护、同时在外线电压异常时，还具有告警作用。图1为相关技术的一种保安单元的电路原理图，其中，a、b为保安单元的外线端，a’、b’为保安单元的内线端，S为保安单元警告信号端，GND为保安单元的接地端。过流保护元件R1和R2为正温度系数热敏电阻(Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistance，PTCR)，过压保护元件GDT1和GDT2为气体放电管(Gas Discharge Tube，GDT)，K1和K2为常闭的主路开关，一般采用双金属片，依靠双金属片过热时发生形变来使主路断开。K3为常开的报警开关，与K1和K2联动，在有过压出现时，开关切换到保护地，在外部施加限流电源到S引脚和GND的情况下，能点亮发光二级管H。
当有外部异常电压导致气体放电管电极两端的电压超过气体的击穿电压时，就会引起间隙放电，该气体放电管迅速的由高阻态变为低阻态，形成导通，从而保护了与其并联的其他电路，若该过电压持续时间较长时，则气体放电管因承受长时间或频繁的过电流而导致发热升温，使得双金属片因过热产生形变，从而断开主回路。在大批量生产的情况下，由于生产工艺、器件和装配等一致性差异，在气体放电管发热和双金属片断开主回路的配合上往往很难满足要求，使得该气体放电管存在短路或炸裂的风险，甚至会出现保安单元部件烧毁形成火灾。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种保安单元，避免由于长时间过电流导致过热而出现短路、炸裂的风险。
本申请实施例提供了一种保安单元，包括：并联的过压保护电路和告警指示电路，其中：
所述过压保护电路的初始状态为高阻状态，在两端电压大于击穿电压时，转换为导通状态，在流入的电流大于电流阈值，且持续时间超过时间阈值时，转换为开路状态；
所述告警指示电路在两端电压大于电压阈值时，输出告警信号。
在本申请的部分实施例中，保安单元中的过压保护电路能满足相关电力线和雷击浪涌等可靠性标准，当出现雷击浪涌和冲击电流的情况下，能快速泄放大电流，在流入的电流大于电流阈值，且持续时间超过时间阈值时，转换为开路状态，可以有效防止气体放电管因击穿导通发热而引起的炸裂和烧毁保安单元等风险。保安单元中的告警指示电路在出现电力线搭接或电力线感应等异常危害电压的情况下，不需要外加-48V等电源，就能进行电力线搭接点灯告警。同时兼容常规保安单元，在外加-48V电阻限流电源的情况下，可以输出电力线搭接告警信号到网管。另外，保安单元的所有元件都可以焊接在一块印制板上，取消了双金属片和弹簧等装置，成本进一步降低，更适合大批量生产。
在一实施方式中，保安单元采用过流保护电路，通过正温度系数热敏电阻，在外部危害电压持续出现时，能限制外部危害电流流入被保护用户端口，同时在浪涌等快速脉冲干扰情况下，在保安单元和保护端口二级保护电路之间起到退耦作用。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本申请技术方案的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请的技术方案，并不构成对本申请技术方案的限制。
图1是相关技术的保安单元电路示意图；
图2是相关技术的保安单元结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例的保安单元组成示意图；
图4是本申请实施例的告警指示电路组成示意图；
图5是本申请另一实施例的保安单元组成示意图；
图6是本申请第一应用示例示意图；
图7是本申请第二应用示例示意图；
图8是本申请第三应用示例示意图；
图9是本申请第四应用示例示意图；
图10是本申请第五应用示例示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，下文中将结合附图对本申请的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
在附图的流程图示出的步骤可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行。并且，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。
相关技术的保安单元结构如图2所示，结构相对复杂，除了壳体外，还包括气体放电管、传热片、弹簧、低熔点合金块、活动块和双金属片等，其中，采用气体放电管存在短路或炸裂的风险，而且，这种保安单元手工装配工作量大，双金属片的价格较高，导致整个保安单元的成本也比较高。
本申请实施例的保安单元如图3所示，端口a和b为外线端，连接室外用户线，端口a’和b’为内线端，通过保安单元保护后连接局端设备的用户线，本申请实施例的保安单元，包括：并联的过压保护电路10和告警指示电路20，其中：
所述过压保护电路10的初始状态为高阻状态，在两端电压大于击穿电压时，由高阻状态转换为导通状态，在流入的电流大于电流阈值，且持 续时间超过时间阈值时，转换为开路状态；
所述告警指示电路20为高阻状态，在两端电压大于阀值开关的电压阈值时，告警指示子模块和告警信号输出子模块输出告警信号，阀值开关可以由过压保护器(例如，半导体过压保护器)、瞬态抑制二极管、压敏电阻或稳压二极管组成。
在本申请实施例中，保安单元中的过压保护电路能满足相关电力线和雷击浪涌等可靠性标准，当出现雷击浪涌和冲击电流的情况下，能快速泄放大电流，在流入的电流大于电流阈值，且持续时间超过时间阈值时，转换为开路状态，可以有效防止气体放电管因击穿导通发热而引起的炸裂和烧毁保安单元等风险。
在一实施方式中，所述过压保护电路10包括至少一个开路失效型气体放电管。
普通气体放电管在过电压情况下，气体击穿发热，如果过电压维持时间长，气体放电管就会烧毁。而开路失效型气体放电管，在经受雷击或浪涌过电压时，能够起到泄放雷电流功能；在异常情况下导致内部气体较长时间击穿时，其电极和绝缘管体之间的低温密封粘合物融化，密封状态失效，外部空气很快就进入并接触到该发射面进行空气灭弧，迅速切断后续电流，从而防止气体放电管的炸裂和烧毁保安单元的风险。
在一实施方式中，所述过压保护电路10包括两个串联的两电极开路失效型气体放电管，所述两个两电极开路失效型气体放电管之间接地；或者，所述过压保护电路包括一个三电极开路失效型气体放电管。
开路失效型气体放电管的低温密封粘合物，通过选择合适的熔化热能值(I2t)，来满足相关的可靠性标准。如所述电流超过1A，时间阈值可以设置为0.2秒以上，放电管的直流击穿电压大于ITU(International Telecommunications Union，国际电信联盟)K20等相关标准规定的电力线搭接额定电压，小于标准规定的电力线感应测试电压。这样可以保证在电力线搭接时处于高阻状态；在电力线感应测试时，放电管内部气体击穿， 在0.2秒内能承受ITU标准所规定的1A感应电流，一旦感应电流持续大于1A，在数秒内低温密封粘合物快速融化，气体放电管呈开路状态。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，电流阈值、时间阈值以及击穿电压、电压阈值可以根据实际情况进行设置，并选择相应的开路失效型气体放电管，并不限于上述举例。
封装形式上开路失效型气体放电管包括插脚和贴片封装。对于插脚封装，可以直接焊接在PCB(Printed Circuit Board，印制电路板)上；对于贴片封装，既可以直接焊接在PCB板上，也可以通过金属夹具固定，金属夹具直接焊接在PCB板上。
如图4所示，本申请实施例的所述告警指示电路包括第一限流模块21、第二限流模块22和告警模块23，其中，所述第一限流模块21和第二限流模块22串联相连，所述告警模块23的一端连接在所述第一限流模块21和第二限流模块22之间，另一端接地。
其中，第一限流模块21和第二限流模块22在无电力线搭接等情况下，其中的阀值开关处于截止状态，能保证告警指示电路处于高阻状态，在出现电力线搭接时，阀值开关有电流流过并嵌位，告警模块23输出告警。此时不需要外加-48V等电源，就能进行点灯告警。在一实施方式中，所述第一限流模块21包括串联的第一限流电阻和第一阀值开关，所述第二限流模块22包括串联的第二限流电阻和第二阀值开关，所述告警模块23包括告警指示灯子模块。
其中，在告警指示电路在两端电压小于等于电压阈值时，第一阀值开关和第二阀值开关为高阻状态，避免指示电路对用户线信号质量的影响。当外部过电压搭接到用户线上时，告警指示电路两端电压大于电压阈值，第一阀值开关和第二阀值开关转换为导通状态，由第一限流电阻和第二限流电阻进行限流，通过用户线和保护地之间形成毫安级电流，使得告警模块输出告警信号(例如，点亮LED(Light Emitting Diode，发光二极管)指示灯)，相对于现有的保安单元，省掉了需要点亮LED指示的外加直流 电源。
在一实施方式中，所述第一限流模块21包括第一限流电阻，第二限流模块22包括第二限流电阻，所述告警模块23包括串联的阀值开关和告警指示灯子模块。
在这种实施方式中，阀值开关位于告警模块23中，节省了一个阀值开关，节省了成本。第一限流电阻和第二限流电阻对告警指示电路起限流作用，保护告警模块23不受大电流冲击导致损坏。在告警指示电路两端电压大于电压阈值时，阀值开关由高阻状态转换为导通状态，告警指示灯子模块流入毫安级电流，点亮告警指示灯子模块中的告警指示灯。其中，上述阀值开关可采用过压保护器，例如，半导体过压保护器(包括TSS(Thyristor Surge Suppressor，电涌抑制晶闸管))，也可以采用瞬态抑制二极管、压敏电阻或稳压二极管组成。
在一实施方式中，所述告警指示灯子模块包括一个或多个相互并联的告警指示灯。
所述告警指示灯可以是采用LED指示灯，也可以采用氖泡管，或其他形式的指示灯。
在一实施方式中，所述告警模块还包括告警信号输出子模块，所述告警信号输出子模块与所述告警指示灯子模块并联，输出直流电平信号或脉冲电平信号中的至少之一。
通过输出直流电平信号和脉冲电平信号中的至少之一，可以向外部设备输出告警信号，例如，可以将告警信号输出至监控设备，通过监控设备显示和记录告警信息。
在一实施方式中，所述告警信号输出子模块包括光耦器件，所述光耦器件与所述告警指示灯子模块并联，输出脉冲电平信号。
在一实施方式中，所述告警信号输出子模块包括整流电路和光耦器件，所述整流电路包括二极管和电容，所述二极管的正极与告警指示灯子模块的非接地端相连，所述二极管的负极与所述电容的一端相连；所述电容与 所述光耦器件并联，一端与所述二极管的负极相连，另一端接地；所述光耦器件输出直流电平信号。
如图5所示，在一实施方式中，保安单元还可包括过流保护电路30，所述过流保护电路30包括第一过流保护模块和第二过流保护模块，所述第一过流保护模块的一端与所述保安单元的一外线端以及过压保护电路和告警指示电路的一端相连，所述第一过流保护模块的另一端与所述保安单元的一内线端相连；所述第二过流保护模块的一端与所述保安单元的另一外线端以及过压保护电路和告警指示电路的另一端相连，所述第二过流保护模块的另一端与所述保安单元的另一内线端相连。
第一过流保护模块和第二过流保护模块用于在外部危害电压持续出现时，限制外部危害电流流入被保护用户端口，同时在浪涌等快速脉冲干扰情况下，在保安单元和保护端口二级保护电路之间起到退耦作用。
在一实施方式中，所述第一过流保护模块包括第一正温度系数热敏电阻，所述第二过流保护模块包括第二正温度系数热敏电阻。
在正常电压的情况下，正温度系数热敏电阻处于低阻状态，当保安单元的输入电压超限，则相应地，流经正温度系数热敏电阻的电流增大，温度升高，正温度系数热敏电阻转换为高阻状态，起到限流作用，从而保护用户端口。
在被保护的用户端口可以满足电力线搭接和感应要求的情况下，过流保护电路30可以省略。
由于开路型气体放电管发热时间很短，不需要双金属片作为开关切断主回路，告警指示电路在有危害电压存在时会输入告警信号，因此可以去掉双金属片和弹簧等结构件，保安单元内部的所有器件都可以焊接在PCB板上，更适合大批量生产。
下面以应用示例进行说明。
应用示例一
如图6所示，端口a和b为外线端，连接室外用户线，端口a’和b’ 为内线端，通过保安单元保护后连接局端设备的用户线，本应用示例的保安单元，包括：并联的过压保护电路10和告警指示电路20，以及过流保护电路30。
其中，过压保护电路10包括开路失效型气体放电管GDT1和GDT2。
由于采用开路失效型气体放电管，即使在出现电力线搭接等情况下，能使开路失效型气体放电管的低温密封粘合物快速融化而处于开路状态，从而可以避免气体放电管受热炸裂和烧毁保安单元。
告警指示电路包括第一限流模块21、第二限流模块22和告警模块23，其中，第一限流模块21包括第一限流电阻R1和第一阀值开关(本应用示例中以第一阀值开关为电涌抑制晶闸管为例进行说明，记为TSS1)，所述第二限流模块22包括第二限流电阻R2和第二阀值开关(本应用示例中以第二阀值开关为电涌抑制晶闸管为例进行说明，记为TSS2)，所述告警模块23包括告警指示灯子模块，所述告警指示灯子模块包括相互串联的发光二极管LED1和LED2，LED1和LED2的正负极反向，这样在每个方向导通时，均有一个指示灯会点亮。第一限流电阻R1和第二限流电阻R2的取值可以是几百K欧姆，根据用户线电压的取值不同而有所不同，其取值原则是出现过电压时，使得告警指示灯子模块中告警指示灯流过毫安级电流，可以点亮告警指示灯即可。
考虑到室外用户线的环境比较复杂，常会出现用户线和交流电源线相碰的情况，在a或b用户线出现电力线搭接的情况下，TSS器件处于临界导通状态或导通状态，通过限流电阻R1或R2，在LED上流过毫安级电流到保护地GNDP，使得LED点亮，便于维护人员及时发现和定位电力线搭接端口。阀值开关也可以用瞬态抑制二极管、压敏电阻或稳压二极管替代。由于电力线为交流电源，LED指示灯也可以简化为一个，或用氖泡管替代。
在用户线正常工作情况下，开路失效型气体放电管呈高阻状态，阀值开关TSS1和TSS2的动作电压大于铃流和馈电电压，此时半导体阀值开 关件呈现高阻状态，从而避免指示电路对用户线上信号的影响。
过流保护电路30包括第一过流保护模块31和第二过流保护模块32，其中，第一过流保护模块31包括正温度系数热敏电阻PTC1，第二过流保护模块32包括正温度系数热敏电阻PTC2。
过流保护电路30采用正温度系数热敏电阻PTC1和PTC2，在外部危害电流持续出现时，能限制外部危害电流流入被保护局端设备的用户端口。在被保护的用户端口可以满足电力线搭接和感应要求的情况下，过流保护电路30可以省略。
在用户线外线a或b出现雷击浪涌等情况时，开路失效型气体放电管能通过保护地GNDP快速泄放危害电流，正温度系数热敏电阻PTC1和PTC2在保安单元和保护端口二级保护电路之间起到退耦作用，保证危害能量能大部分通过气体放电管泄放。
应用示例二
本应用示例提供一种保安单元，如图7所示，本应用示例的保安单元，包括：并联的过压保护电路10和告警指示电路20，以及过流保护电路30。
其中，过压保护电路10包括开路失效型气体放电管GDT1和GDT2。
由于采用开路失效型气体放电管，即使在出现电力线搭接等情况下，能使开路失效型气体放电管的低温密封粘合物快速融化而处于开路状态，从而可以避免气体放电管受热炸裂和烧毁保安单元。
告警指示电路包括第一限流模块21、第二限流模块22和告警模块23，其中，第一限流模块21包括第一限流电阻R1，所述第二限流模块22包括第二限流电阻R2，所述告警模块23包括阀值开关TSS1和告警指示灯子模块，所述告警指示灯子模块包括相互并联的发光二极管LED1和LED2，LED1和LED2的正负极反向，这样在每个方向导通时，均有一个指示灯会点亮，LED1和LED2可以由一个双色指示灯组成。
本应用示例是应用示例一的降成本方案，只采用一颗半导体阀值开关TSS1，适用于对用户线阻抗不需要高阻的场合。正常工作时，第一限流电阻R1和第二限流电阻R2串接在用户线a和b上。在a或b用户线出现电力线搭接的情况下，阀值开关(本应用示例中以阀值开关为电涌抑制晶闸管为例进行说明，记为TSS1)处于临界导通状态或导通状态，在LED1和LED2上流过毫安级电流到保护地GNDP，使得LED1和LED2点亮，便于维护人员及时发现和定位电力线搭接端口。过流保护电路30包括第一过流保护模块31和第二过流保护模块32，其中，第一过流保护模块31包括正温度系数热敏电阻PTC1，第二过流保护模块32包括正温度系数热敏电阻PTC2。
过流保护电路30采用正温度系数热敏电阻PTC1和PTC2，在外部危害电流持续出现时，能限制外部危害电流流入被保护局端设备的用户端口。在被保护的用户端口可以满足电力线搭接和感应要求的情况下，过流保护电路30可以省略。
应用示例三
本应用示例提供一种保安单元，如图8所示，本应用示例的保安单元，包括：并联的过压保护电路10和告警指示电路20，以及过流保护电路30。
其中，过压保护电路10包括开路失效型气体放电管GDT1和GDT2。
由于采用开路失效型气体放电管，即使在出现电力线搭接等情况下，能使开路失效型气体放电管的低温密封粘合物快速融化而处于开路状态，从而可以避免气体放电管受热炸裂和烧毁保安单元。
告警指示电路包括第一限流模块21、第二限流模块22和告警模块23，其中，第一限流模块21包括第一限流电阻R1，所述第二限流模块22包括第二限流电阻R2，所述告警模块23包括阀值开关(本应用示例中以阀值开关为电涌抑制晶闸管为例进行说明，记为TSS)和告警指示灯子模块231，所述告警指示灯子模块231包括发光二极管LED1。
本应用示例是应用示例二的进一步降成本方案，由于电力线为交流电源，因此可只采用一颗LED发光二极管作为告警指示。
过流保护电路30包括第一过流保护模块31和第二过流保护模块32，其中，第一过流保护模块31包括正温度系数热敏电阻PTC1，第二过流保护模块32包括正温度系数热敏电阻PTC2。
过流保护电路30采用正温度系数热敏电阻PTC1和PTC2，在外部危害电流持续出现时，能限制外部危害电流流入被保护局端设备的用户端口。在被保护的用户端口可以满足电力线搭接和感应要求的情况下，过流保护电路30可以省略。
应用示例四
本应用示例提供一种保安单元，如图9所示，本应用示例的保安单元，包括：并联的过压保护电路10和告警指示电路20，以及过流保护电路30。
其中，过压保护电路10包括开路失效型气体放电管GDT1和GDT2。
由于采用开路失效型气体放电管，即使在出现电力线搭接等情况下，能使开路失效型气体放电管的低温密封粘合物快速融化而处于开路状态，从而可以避免气体放电管受热炸裂和烧毁保安单元。
告警指示电路包括第一限流模块21、第二限流模块22和告警模块23，其中，第一限流模块21包括第一限流电阻R1，所述第二限流模块22包括第二限流电阻R2，所述告警模块23包括阀值开关(本应用示例中以阀值开关为电涌抑制晶闸管为例进行说明，记为TSS)、告警指示灯子模块231和告警信号输出子模块232，所述告警指示灯子模块231包括发光二极管LED1，告警信号输出子模块232与所述告警指示灯子模块231并联，本例中，告警信号输出子模块232包括光耦器件G1，输出脉冲电平信号。
本应用示例在应用示例一的基础上，将其中的一个LED二极管替换为一个光耦器件，适用于既需要电力线搭接等告警LED指示，也需要有告警信号输出的场合。当出现电力线搭接或电力线感应等异常情况时，可 以通过光耦器件，输出50Hz/60Hz的脉冲告警信号到H端。
过流保护电路30包括第一过流保护模块31和第二过流保护模块32，其中，第一过流保护模块31包括正温度系数热敏电阻PTC1，第二过流保护模块32包括正温度系数热敏电阻PTC2。
过流保护电路30采用正温度系数热敏电阻PTC1和PTC2，在外部危害电流持续出现时，能限制外部危害电流流入被保护局端设备的用户端口。在被保护的用户端口可以满足电力线搭接和感应要求的情况下，过流保护电路30可以省略。
应用示例五
本应用示例提供一种保安单元，如图10所示，本应用示例的保安单元，包括：并联的过压保护电路10和告警指示电路20，以及过流保护电路30。
其中，过压保护电路10包括开路失效型气体放电管GDT1和GDT2。
由于采用开路失效型气体放电管，即使在出现电力线搭接等情况下，能使开路失效型气体放电管的低温密封粘合物快速融化而处于开路状态，从而可以避免气体放电管受热炸裂和烧毁保安单元。
告警指示电路包括第一限流模块21、第二限流模块22和告警模块23，其中，第一限流模块21包括第一限流电阻R1和第一阀值开关(本应用示例中以阀值开关为电涌抑制晶闸管为例进行说明，记为TSS1)，所述第二限流模块22包括第二限流电阻R2和第二阀值开关(本应用示例中以第二阀值开关为电涌抑制晶闸管为例进行说明，记为TSS2)，所述告警模块23包括告警指示灯子模块231和告警信号输出子模块232，所述告警指示灯子模块231包括发光二极管LED1，告警信号输出子模块232与所述告警指示灯子模块231并联，本例中，告警信号输出子模块232包括整流电路和光耦器件G1，所述整流电路包括二极管D1和电容C1，所述二极管D1的正极与告警指示灯子模块231的非接地端相连，所述二极管D1的负极 与所述电容C1的一端相连；所述电容C1与所述光耦器件G1并联，一端与所述二极管D1的负极相连，另一端接地；所述光耦器件G1输出直流电平信号。
本应用示例在应用示例四的基础上，增加二极管D1和电容C1整流电路。当出现电力线搭接或电力线感应等异常情况时，通过D1和C1，整流成直流电压，使得光耦器件G1导通，和常规保安单元一样，在外加上拉电阻和偏置电压的情况下，输出直流电平告警信号到H端。
过流保护电路30包括第一过流保护模块31和第二过流保护模块32，其中，第一过流保护模块31包括正温度系数热敏电阻PTC1，第二过流保护模块32包括正温度系数热敏电阻PTC2。
过流保护电路30采用正温度系数热敏电阻PTC1和PTC2，在外部危害电流持续出现时，能限制外部危害电流流入被保护局端设备的用户端口。在被保护的用户端口可以满足电力线搭接和感应要求的情况下，过流保护电路30可以省略。
虽然本申请所揭露的实施方式如上，但所述的内容仅为便于理解本申请而采用的实施方式，并非用以限定本申请。任何本申请所属领域内的技术人员，在不脱离本申请所揭露的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施的形式及细节上进行任何的修改与变化，但本申请的专利保护范围，仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。
工业实用性
在本申请实施例中，保安单元中的过压保护电路能满足相关电力线和雷击浪涌等可靠性标准，当出现雷击浪涌和冲击电流的情况下，能快速泄放大电流，在流入的电流大于电流阈值，且持续时间超过时间阈值时，转换为开路状态，可以有效防止气体放电管因击穿导通发热而引起的炸裂和烧毁保安单元等风险。保安单元中的告警指示电路在出现电力线搭接或电力线感应等异常危害电压的情况下，不需要外加-48V等电源，就能进行点灯告警。另外，保安单元的所有元件都可以焊接在一块印制板上，取消 了双金属片和弹簧等装置，成本进一步降低，更适合大批量生产。本申请实施例的方案具有较好的工业实用性。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种保安单元，包括：并联的过压保护电路和告警指示电路，其中：
    所述过压保护电路的初始状态为高阻状态，在两端电压大于击穿电压时，转换为导通状态，在流入的电流大于电流阈值，且持续时间超过时间阈值时，转换为开路状态；
    所述告警指示电路在两端电压大于电压阈值时，输出告警信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的保安单元，其中，
    所述过压保护电路包括至少一个开路失效型气体放电管。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的保安单元，其中，
    所述过压保护电路包括两个串联的两电极开路失效型气体放电管，所述两个两电极开路失效型气体放电管之间接地；或者，
    所述过压保护电路包括一个三电极开路失效型气体放电管。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的保安单元，其中，
    所述告警指示电路包括第一限流模块、第二限流模块和告警模块，其中，所述第一限流模块和第二限流模块串联相连，所述告警模块的一端连接在所述第一限流模块和第二限流模块之间，另一端接地。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的保安单元，其中，
    所述第一限流模块包括串联的第一限流电阻和第一阀值开关，所述第二限流模块包括串联的第二限流电阻和第二阀值开关，所述告警模块包括告警指示灯子模块。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的保安单元，其中，
    所述第一限流模块包括第一限流电阻，第二限流模块包括第二限流电阻，所述告警模块包括串联的阀值开关和告警指示灯子模块。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的保安单元，其中，
    所述告警指示灯子模块包括一个或多个相互并联的告警指示灯。
  8. 如权利要求5或6所述的保安单元，其中，
    所述告警模块还包括告警信号输出子模块，所述告警信号输出子模块与所述告警指示灯子模块并联，输出直流电平信号或脉冲电平信号中的其中之一。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的保安单元，其中，
    所述告警信号输出子模块包括光耦器件，所述光耦器件与所述告警指示灯子模块并联，输出脉冲电平信号。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的保安单元，其中，
    所述告警信号输出子模块包括整流电路和光耦器件，所述整流电路包括二极管和电容，所述二极管的正极与告警指示灯子模块的非接地端相连，所述二极管的负极与所述电容的一端相连；所述电容与所述光耦器件并联，一端与所述二极管的负极相连，另一端接地；所述光耦器件输出直流电平信号。
  11. 如权利要求1～6中任意一项所述的保安单元，还包括过流保护电路；
    所述过流保护电路包括第一过流保护模块和第二过流保护模块，所述第一过流保护模块的一端与所述保安单元的一外线端以及过压保护电路和告警指示电路的一端相连，所述第一过流保护模块的另一端与所述保安单元的一内线端相连；所述第二过流保护模块的一端与所述保安单元的另一外线端以及过压保护电路和告警指示电路的另一端相连，所述第二过流保护模块的另一端与所述保安单元的另一内线端相连。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的保安单元，其中，
    所述第一过流保护模块包括第一正温度系数热敏电阻，所述第二过流保护模块包括第二正温度系数热敏电阻。
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