[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2019113582A1 - Plantes spécialisées et compositions de cannabinoïdes comprenant du butyrate d'hexyle - Google Patents

Plantes spécialisées et compositions de cannabinoïdes comprenant du butyrate d'hexyle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019113582A1
WO2019113582A1 PCT/US2018/064745 US2018064745W WO2019113582A1 WO 2019113582 A1 WO2019113582 A1 WO 2019113582A1 US 2018064745 W US2018064745 W US 2018064745W WO 2019113582 A1 WO2019113582 A1 WO 2019113582A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cannabis
volatile
plant
inflorescence
alpha
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2018/064745
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mark A. Lewis
Steven HABA
Kevin Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biotech Institute LLC
Original Assignee
Biotech Institute LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biotech Institute LLC filed Critical Biotech Institute LLC
Publication of WO2019113582A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019113582A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/28—Cannabaceae, e.g. cannabis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/02—Flowers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
    • A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
    • A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
    • A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
    • A21D2/36—Vegetable material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23C15/00—Butter; Butter preparations; Making thereof
    • A23C15/12—Butter preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/348—Cannabaceae
    • A61K36/3482—Cannabis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to Specialty Cannabis plants, compositions and methods for making and using said cannabis plants and compositions.
  • Cannabis more commonly known as marijuana, is a genus of flowering plants that includes at least three species, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis as determined by plant phenotypes and secondary metabolite profiles.
  • cannabis nomenclature is often used incorrectly or interchangeably.
  • Cannabis literature can be found referring to all cannabis varieties as“sativas” or“indicas”. Indeed the promiscuous crosses of indoor cannabis breeding programs have made it difficult to distinguish varieties, with most cannabis being sold in the United States having features of both sativa and indica species.
  • Cannabis plants have been reported to produce at least 120 different terpenes.
  • the potential for generating additional varieties of cannabis plants with novel chemical phenotypes remains largely untapped.
  • the present invention addresses some of the shortcomings of the prior art by providing for Specialty Cannabis plants and cannabinoid compositions comprising novel and useful organoleptic experiences and medicinal effects. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • plants, plant parts, plant tissues and plant cells are produced to contain novel and useful combinations of terpenes designed to produce novel organoleptic experiences and medicinal effects.
  • the Specialty Cannabis plants, plant parts, plant tissues and plant cells comprise hexyl butyrate.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, or an asexual clone of said cannabis plant, or a plant part, tissue, or cell thereof, which is capable of producing a female inflorescence, said inflorescence comprising a hexyl butyrate content of at least 0.15% as measured by Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence; wherein a representative sample of seed producing said plant has been deposited under NCIMB Nos. 43253, 43254, and 43265.
  • GC-FID Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection
  • the cannabis plant of the present disclosure comprises a functional BD allele. In some embodiments, the cannabis plant of the present disclosure comprises a functional BT allele.
  • the cannabis plant of the present disclosure comprises a functional BD allele and a functional BT allele.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile oil content greater than about 1.0% by weight; wherein the terpene oil content is the additive content of terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the terpene oil content is the additive content of terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pin
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile oil content greater than about 1.5% by weight. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile oil content greater than about 2.0% by weight. [0013] In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a THC content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a THC content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a cannabidiol (CBD) content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a CBD content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a CBD content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the THC content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a THC content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the THC content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a THC content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the THC content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a cannabidiol (CBD) content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the CBD content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a CBD content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the CBD content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a CBD content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the CBD content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the propyl cannabinoid content comprises the content of neutral and acidic propyl cannabinoids.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the propyl cannabinoid content comprises the content of neutral and acidic propyl cannabinoids.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the propyl cannabinoid content comprises the content of neutral and acidic propyl cannabinoids.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which myrcene is not the dominant volatile; wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha ter
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is hexyl butyrate, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphen
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is terpinolene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, al
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha phellandrene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camp
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is carene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is limonene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, al
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is gamma terpinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camp
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha pinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, al
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha terpinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is beta pinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is fenchol, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is camphene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • camphene alpha terpineol
  • alpha humulene alpha caryophyllene
  • caryophyllene oxide caryophyllene oxide
  • myrcene and hexyl butyrate.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha terpineol, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphen
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha humulene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is beta caryophyllene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is linalool, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, al
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is caryophyllene oxide, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is beta ocimene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is myrcene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, al
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis plant, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is hexyl butyrate, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphen
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis extract from the cannabis plant, plant part, tissue, or cell of any of the disclosed Specialty Cannabis disclosed.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis extract, wherein said extract is selected from the group consisting of kief, hashish, bubble hash, solvent reduced oils, sludges, e-juice, and tinctures.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis extract, wherein said extract comprises hexyl butyrate.
  • the present disclosure teaches a method of breeding cannabis plants with organoleptically relevant quantities of hexyl butyrate, said method comprising: (i) making a cross between a first Specialty Cannabis plant of the present disclosure, and a second cannabis plant to produce an F1 plant (ii) harvesting the resulting seed; (iii) growing said seed; and (iv) selecting for the desired phenotypes; wherein the resulting selected cannabis plant is comprises a hexyl butyrate content of at least 0.15% by weight.
  • the present disclosure teaches a method of producing cannabis plants cannabis plants with organoleptically relevant quantities of hexyl butyrate, said method comprising: (i) obtaining a cannabis seed, or cutting from a first Specialty Cannabis plant of the present disclosure, and a second cannabis plant to produce an F1 plant (ii) placing said cannabis seed or cutting in an environment conducive to plant growth; (iii) allowing said cannabis seed or cutting to produce a cannabis plant; (iv) selecting for the desired phenotypes; wherein the resulting selected cannabis plant is comprises a hexyl butyrate content of at least 0.15% by weight.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition
  • a cannabinoid composition comprising: at least one cannabinoid, and a hexyl butyrate content of at least 0.15% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile oil content greater than about 1.0%; wherein the volatile oil content is the additive content of alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition.
  • the volatile oil content is the additive content of alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pin
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile oil content greater than about 1.5% by weight.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile oil content greater than about 2.0% by weight.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a THC content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a THC content that is at least 10.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a THC content that is at least 25.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a CBD content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a CBD content that is at least 10.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a CBD content that is at least 25.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 10.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 25.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a THC content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition, wherein the THC content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a THC content that is at least 10.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition, wherein the THC content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a THC content that is at least 25.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition, wherein the THC content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a CBD content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition, wherein the CBD content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a CBD content that is at least 10.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition, wherein the CBD content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a CBD content that is at least 25.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition, wherein the CBD content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition, wherein the propyl cannabinoid content comprises the content of neutral and acidic propyl cannabinoids.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 10.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition, wherein the propyl cannabinoid content comprises the content of neutral and acidic propyl cannabinoids.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 25.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on weight of the cannabinoid composition, wherein the propyl cannabinoid content comprises the content of neutral and acidic propyl cannabinoids.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which myrcene is not the dominant volatile; wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphen
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is hexyl butyrate, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene,
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is terpinolene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha phellandrene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene,
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is carene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camp
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is limonene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is gamma terpinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene,
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha pinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha terpinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, f
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is beta pinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol,
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is fenchol, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol,
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is camphene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • camphene alpha terpineol
  • alpha humulene alpha caryophyllene
  • caryophyllene oxide caryophyllene oxide
  • myrcene and hexyl butyrate.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha terpineol, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene,
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha humulene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, f
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is beta caryophyllene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, f
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is linalool, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is caryophyllene oxide, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, f
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is beta ocimene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, f
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is myrcene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabinoid composition, wherein the cannabinoid composition comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is hexyl butyrate, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene,
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence comprising a hexyl butyrate content of at least 0.15% as measured by Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence; wherein a representative sample of seed producing plants with said inflorescence has been deposited under NCIMB Nos. 43253, 43254, and 43265.
  • GC-FID Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the plant comprises a functional BD allele. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the plant comprises a functional BT allele. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the plant comprises a functional BD allele and a functional BT allele.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile oil content greater than about 1.0% by weight; wherein the terpene oil content is the additive content of alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the terpene oil content is the additive content of alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpin
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile oil content greater than about 1.5% by weight.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile oil content greater than about 2.0% by weight.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a THC content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a THC content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a cannabidiol (CBD) content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a CBD content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a CBD content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by GC-FID and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the THC content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a THC content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the THC content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a THC content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the THC content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a cannabidiol (CBD) content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the CBD content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a CBD content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the CBD content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a CBD content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the CBD content comprises the content of its neutral and acidic forms.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 1.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the propyl cannabinoid content comprises the content of neutral and acidic propyl cannabinoids.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 3.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the propyl cannabinoid content comprises the content of neutral and acidic propyl cannabinoids.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid content that is at least 5.0% by weight as measured by HPLC and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence, wherein the propyl cannabinoid content comprises the content of neutral and acidic propyl cannabinoids.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which myrcene is not the dominant volatile; wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene,
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is hexyl butyrate, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fen
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is terpinolene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camp
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha phellandrene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, f
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is carene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is limonene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camp
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is gamma terpinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, f
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha pinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camp
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha terpinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is beta pinene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphen
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is fenchol, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphen
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is camphene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • camphene alpha terpineol
  • alpha humulene alpha caryophyllene
  • caryophyllene oxide caryophyllene oxide
  • myrcene and hexyl butyrate.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha terpineol, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fen
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is alpha humulene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is beta caryophyllene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is linalool, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camp
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is caryophyllene oxide, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is beta ocimene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is myrcene, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camp
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis female inflorescence, wherein the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which the first or second most abundant volatile is hexyl butyrate, wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the present disclosure teaches a cannabis product comprising the cannabis female inflorescence of any of presently disclosed Specialty Cannabis inflorescences.
  • the present disclosure teaches terpene producing diploid cannabis plant cells.
  • the cannabis plant cells are cells from cannabis trichomes.
  • the present disclosure provides samples of seeds that produce produce Speciality Cannabis of the present disclosure (i.e., cannabis plants exhibiting the morphological characteristics described in this disclosure).
  • the Specialty Cannabis plants have a maximum cannabinoid content of 40%. In some embodiments, the Specialty Cannabis plants of the present disclosure have a maximum volatile essential oil content of 7%.
  • the present disclosure teaches dry, non-viable female inflorescences from any of the presently disclosed Specialty Cannabis plants. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches an assemblage of dry, non-viable female inflorescences of the presently disclosed Specialty Cannabis.
  • Figure 1A-B Depicts the current model biosynthetic pathway for several major cannabinoids.
  • Figure 1A- Geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) and olivetolic acid (OA) are condensed by the geranyl pyrophosphate olivetolate geranyl transferase (GOT) to form cannabigerolic acid (CBGA).
  • GPP and divarinic acid are condensed by GOT to form cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA).
  • Figure 1B- CBGA or CBGVA is transformed to: (1) THCA/THCVA by THCA synthase, (2) CBCA/CBCVA by CBCA synthase, or (3) CBDA/CBDVA by CBDA synthase.
  • Figure 2A-B Depicts a sample questionnaire used for volunteer trials of Specialty Cannabis and cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure. The questionnaire was provided to volunteers with each cannabis blend sample to measure the effects of the sample when smoked.
  • Figure 2A- depicts the first page of the questionnaire.
  • Figure 2B- depicts the second page of the questionnaire.
  • Figure 3 Depicts the breeding scheme for the‘B4.P26’ high hexyl butyrate cannabis family, which is comprised of four lines named WP010810-B4.P26.36.03, 51.60.16, B4P2622.B4P2660, and B4P2660.S1, and bulked seed lines WP010810xB4.P26.36.03- WP010810xB4.P26.36.03 and 51.60.16-51.60.16.
  • Lines YLW03 and CBD05 were crossed to produce F1 line Y3.C5.P26.
  • the Y3.C5.P26 line was crossed with YLW05 to produce cannabis line Y3.P26.
  • the Y3.P26 line was crossed with BLU04 to produce cannabis lines B4.P26.36, B4.P26.51, B4.P26.60, and B4.P26.22.
  • Line WP010810 was crossed with B4.P26.36 to produce line WP010810-B4.P26.36.03, and other high hexyl butyrate progeny.
  • WP010810-B4.P26.36.03 was then selfed to bulk seed for deposit NCIMB 43265.
  • Lines B4.P26.51 and B4.P26.60 were crossed to produce line 51.60.16, and other high hexyl butyrate progeny. 51.60.16 was selfed to bulk seed for deposit NCIMB 43254.
  • Lines B4.P26.22 and B4.P26.60 were crossed to produce line B4P2622.B4P2660, and other high hexyl butyrate progeny.
  • Line B4.P26.60 was selfed to produce line B4P2660.S1, and other high hexyl butyrate progeny.
  • the hexyl butyrate content at each breeding step is provided in parenthesis under each named plant as a weight percentage based on the dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • This breeding scheme increased the hexyl butyrate content of the initial lines from 0.00% to .22% in WP010810-B4.P26.36.03, 0.43% in 51.60, 0.38% in B4P2622.B4P2660, and 0.28% in B4P2660.S1. These lines together, are referred to as the B4.P26 family or B4.P26 line.
  • Figure 4. Depicts the breeding scheme for the‘ 106.B4’ high hexyl butyrate cannabis line.
  • Lines YLW03 and CBD05 were crossed to produce F1 line Y3.C5.P26.
  • the Y3.C5.P26 line was crossed with YLW05 to produce cannabis line Y3.P26.
  • the Y3.C5.P26 line was selfed to produce line P26.S1.51.
  • the Y3.P26 line was crossed with P26.S1.51 to produce cannabis line 106.51.01.
  • BLU04 was crossed with JAD21 to produce B4.J21.76.
  • the 106.51.01 line was crossed with B4.J21.76 to produce cannabis line 1065101.
  • B4J2176 and other high hexyl butyrate progeny.
  • the 1065101. B4J2176 line is also referred to by the name 106.B4.
  • the hexyl butyrate content at each breeding step is provided in parenthesis under each named plant as a weight percentage based on the dry weight of the inflorescence. This breeding scheme increased the hexyl butyrate content of the initial lines from 0.00% to 0.24% in the resulting progeny.
  • FIG. 5 Depicts the breeding scheme for the‘740815’ high hexyl butyrate cannabis line.
  • Lines SLV08 and CBD05 were crossed to produce F1 lines P08 and P38.
  • the P08 and P38 plants were each individually selfed to produce lines P08.S1.74 and P38.S1.08, respectively.
  • Lines P08.S1.74 and P38.S1.08 were then crossed to produce line 74.08.15.
  • the 74.08.15 line was then selfed to produce cannabis line 74.08.15.
  • Line 74.08.15. Sl was further crossed to 51.60.16 to bulk up seed for deposit NCIMB 43253.
  • the hexyl butyrate content at each breeding step is provided in parenthesis under each named plant as a weight percentage based on the dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the 74.08.15. Sl line is also referred to by the name 740815.
  • This breeding scheme increased the hexyl butyrate content of the initial lines from 0.00% to 0.33% in the resulting progeny.
  • FIG. 6 Depicts the breeding scheme for the‘X37G2C05’ high hexyl butyrate cannabis line.
  • Lines BLU04 and CBD05 were crossed to produce F1 lines B4.C5.37 and B4.C5.03.
  • the B4.C5.37 and B4.C5.03 plants were crossed to produce line X37.03.
  • Lines GLD02 and CBD05 were crossed to produce F1 line G2.C5.07.
  • the G2.C5.07 line was then selfed to produce line G2.C5.07.S1.
  • Lines X37.03 and G2.C5.07.S1 were then crossed to produce cannabis line X370305.G2C507S107, X370315.G2C507S107, and other high hexyl butyrate progeny.
  • the hexyl butyrate content at each breeding step is provided in parenthesis under each named plant as a weight percentage based on the dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the X370305.G2C507S107 and X370315.G2C507S107 lines are sometimes also referred to by the name X37G2C05.
  • This breeding scheme increased the hexyl butyrate content of the initial lines from 0.00% to 0.31% in the resulting progeny.
  • Figure 7A-B Depicts two chromatograms for measuring various volatiles.
  • Figure 7A- is a chromatogram of a mix of analytical standards for each tested volatile. The location of hexyl butyrate is marked with an arrow.
  • Figure 7B- is a chromatogram of the volatile compounds present in one of the high hexyl butyrate Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure. The location of hexyl butyrate is marked with an arrow. Both analyses were conducted using Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector, as described in Example 1 of this document.
  • the term“about” refers to plus or minus 10% of the referenced number.
  • reference to an absolute content of a particular terpene of“about l%” means that that terpene can be present at any amount ranging from 0.9% to 1.1% content by weight.
  • the invention provides cannabis plants.
  • the term“plant” refers to plants in the genus of Cannabis and plants derived thereof. Such as cannabis plants produced via asexual reproduction, tissue culture, and via seed production.
  • plant part refers to any part of a plant including but not limited to the embryo, shoot, root, stem, seed, stipule, leaf, petal, flower, inflorescence, bud, ovule, bract, trichome, branch, petiole, internode, bark, pubescence, tiller, rhizome, frond, blade, ovule, pollen, stamen, and the like.
  • Plant parts may also include certain extracts such as kief or hash, which includes cannabis trichomes or glands. In some embodiments, plant part should also be interpreted as referring to individual cells derived from the plant.
  • plant cell refers to any totipotent plant cell from a cannabis plant.
  • Plant cells of the present disclosure include cells from a cannabis plant shoot, root, stem, seed, stipule, leaf, petal, inflorescence, bud, ovule, bract, trichome, petiole, and internode.
  • the disclosed plant cell is from a cannabis trichome.
  • the instant specification will often refer to content by weight of various compounds and mixtures (e.g., individual volatiles, terpenes and cannabinoids, or defined sets thereof, such as terpene oil content, cannabinoid content, propyl cannabinoid content).
  • Persons having skill in the art will understand the context under which the weight content is being used, and will thus recognize the appropriate frame (i.e. denominator) to use when expressing such a content.
  • weight contents from cannabis inflorescences are reported in terms of dry weight of the inflorescence (i.e. by calculating weight of the compound of interest divided by dry weight of inflorescence, multiplied by 100).
  • Weight contents of extracts or other compositions is based on the weight of the extract or composition, respectively (i.e., by calculating weight of the compound of interest divided by weight of the composition, multiplied by 100).
  • the content of a compound or mixture in an extract or edible will be expressed in terms of absolute weight (e.g., a brownie with 500 mg of THC).
  • the term dominant refers to a terpene that is the most abundant in the Terpene Profile either in absolute content as a % by dry weight, or in relative content as a % of the Terpene Profile.
  • a or “an” refers to one or more of that entity; for example,“a gene” refers to one or more genes or at least one gene.
  • the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” are used interchangeably herein.
  • reference to“an element” by the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the elements is present, unless the context clearly requires that there is one and only one of the elements.
  • the term “a plant” may refer to more than one plant.
  • a“landrace” refers to a local variety of a domesticated plant species, that has developed largely by natural processes, by adaptation to the natural and cultural environment in which it lives. The development of a landrace may also involve some selection by humans but it differs from a formal breed, that has been selectively bred deliberately to conform to a particular formal, purebred standard of traits.
  • the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature defines rank, in the nomenclatural sense, as the level, for nomenclatural purposes, of a taxon in a taxonomic hierarchy (e.g., all families are for nomenclatural purposes at the same rank, which lies between superfamily and subfamily). While somewhat arbitrary, there are seven main ranks defined by the international nomenclature codes: kingdom, phylum/division, class, order, family, genus, and species. Further taxonomic hierarchies used in this invention are described below. [0167] The invention provides plant cultivars.
  • the term“cultivar” means a group of similar plants that by structural features and performance (i.e., morphological and physiological characteristics) can be identified from other varieties within the same species.
  • the term“cultivar” variously refers to a variety, strain or race of plant that has been produced by horticultural or agronomic techniques and is not normally found in wild populations. The terms cultivar, variety, strain and race are often used interchangeably by plant breeders, agronomists and farmers.
  • “variety” means a plant grouping within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank, which grouping, irrespective of whether the conditions for the grant of a breeder's right are fully met, can be i) defined by the expression of the characteristics resulting from a given genotype or combination of genotypes, ii) distinguished from any other plant grouping by the expression of at least one of the said characteristics and iii) considered as a unit with regard to its suitability for being propagated unchanged.
  • the invention provides methods for obtaining plant lines.
  • the term“line” is used broadly to include, but is not limited to, a group of plants vegetatively propagated from a single parent plant, via tissue culture techniques or a group of inbred plants which are genetically very similar due to descent from a common parent(s).
  • a plant is said to“belong” to a particular line if it (a) is a primary transformant (TO) plant regenerated from material of that line; (b) has a pedigree comprised of a TO plant of that line; or (c) is genetically very similar due to common ancestry (e.g., via inbreeding or selfing).
  • TO primary transformant
  • the term“pedigree” denotes the lineage of a plant, e.g. in terms of the sexual crosses affected such that a gene or a combination of genes, in heterozygous (hemizygous) or homozygous condition, imparts a desired trait to the plant.
  • inbreeding refers to the production of offspring via the mating between relatives.
  • the plants resulting from the inbreeding process are referred to herein as“inbred plants” or“inbreds.”
  • LOQ refers to the limit of quantitation for Gas Chromatography
  • secondary metabolites refers to organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of an organism. In other words, loss of secondary metabolites does not result in immediate death of said organism.
  • single allele converted plant refers to those plants that are developed by a plant breeding technique called backcrossing wherein essentially all of the desired morphological and physiological characteristics of an inbred are recovered in addition to the single allele transferred into the inbred via the backcrossing technique.
  • sample includes a sample from a plant, a plant part, a plant cell, an extract or a composition, or from a transmission vector, or a soil, water or air sample.
  • the invention provides offspring.
  • the term“offspring” refers to any plant resulting as progeny from a vegetative or sexual reproduction from one or more parent plants or descendants thereof.
  • an offspring plant may be obtained by cloning or selfing of a parent plant or by crossing two parent plants and include selfings as well as the F1 or F2 or still further generations.
  • An F1 is a first-generation offspring produced from parents at least one of which is used for the first time as donor of a trait, while offspring of second generation (F2) or subsequent generations (F3, F4, etc.) are specimens produced from selfings of F1's, F2's etc.
  • An F1 may thus be (and usually is) a hybrid resulting from a cross between two true breeding parents (true-breeding is homozygous for a trait), while an F2 may be (and usually is) an offspring resulting from self-pollination of said F1 hybrids.
  • the invention provides methods for crossing a first plant with a second plant.
  • the term“cross”,“crossing”,“cross pollination” or“cross-breeding” refer to the process by which the pollen of one flower on one plant is applied (artificially or naturally) to the ovule (stigma) of a flower on another plant.
  • Backcrossing is a process in which a breeder repeatedly crosses hybrid progeny, for example a first generation hybrid (F1), back to one of the parents of the hybrid progeny. Backcrossing can be used to introduce one or more single locus conversions from one genetic background into another.
  • F1 first generation hybrid
  • the present invention provides methods for obtaining plant genotypes comprising recombinant genes.
  • genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual cell, cell culture, tissue, organism (e.g., a plant), or group of organisms.
  • the present invention provides homozygotes.
  • the term“homozygote” refers to an individual cell or plant having the same alleles at one or more loci.
  • the present invention provides homozygous plants.
  • the term“homozygous” refers to the presence of identical alleles at one or more loci in homologous chromosomal segments.
  • the present invention provides hemizygotes.
  • the term“hemizygotes” or“hemizygous” refers to a cell, tissue, organism or plant in which a gene is present only once in a genotype, as a gene in a haploid cell or organism, a sex-linked gene in the heterogametic sex, or a gene in a segment of chromosome in a diploid cell or organism where its partner segment has been deleted.
  • the present invention provides heterozygotes.
  • heterozygote and“heterozygous” refer to a diploid or polyploid individual cell or plant having different alleles (forms of a given gene) present at least at one locus.
  • the cell or organism is heterozygous for the gene of interest that is under control of the synthetic regulatory element.
  • the invention provides self-pollination populations.
  • self crossing means the pollen of one flower on one plant is applied (artificially or naturally) to the ovule (stigma) of the same or a different flower on the same plant.
  • the invention provides ovules and pollens of plants.
  • the term“ovule” refers to the female gametophyte, whereas the term“pollen” means the male gametophyte.
  • the invention provides methods for obtaining plants comprising recombinant genes through transformation.
  • transformation refers to the transfer of nucleic acid (i.e., a nucleotide polymer) into a cell.
  • gene“genetic transformation” refers to the transfer and incorporation of DNA, especially recombinant DNA, into a cell.
  • the invention provides transformants comprising recombinant genes.
  • the term“transformant” refers to a cell, tissue or organism that has undergone transformation. The original transformant is designated as“TO” or“To.” Selfing the TO produces a first transformed generation designated as“Tl” or“Ti.”
  • the term“cannabinoid profile” refers to the detectable (non-trace) cannabinoids present in a sample, such as in cannabis inflorescence material, or a composition.
  • references to plants with novel or diverse cannabinoid profiles in this document refers plants with novel combinations or levels of cannabinoids within a single sample. The level at which cannabinoids can be detected will vary slightly depending on the techniques used, and the cannabinoid being tested. For the purposes of this disclosure, cannabinoid levels below 1.0% (in their max decarboxylated form) will be considered“trace” amounts.
  • the present disclosure refers to BT, BD, or B0 alleles.
  • the term“BT allele” or“BT allele” refers to a gene coding for a THCA synthase enzyme.
  • the term“BD allele” or“BD allele” refers to a gene coding for a CBDA synthase enzyme.
  • the term“B0 allele” or“Bo allele” refers to a gene coding for a null THCA or CBDA synthase enzyme.
  • a BT allele containing cannabis plant would be expected to accumulate THCA/THCVA
  • a BD allele containing cannabis plant would be expected to accumulate CBDA/CBDVA.
  • a plant cannabis plant comprising only B0 alleles for a CBDA synthase enzyme would only be expected to accumulate CBGA/CBGVA primary cannabinoid, though trace quantities of other cannabinoids may accumulate.
  • BT, BD, and B0 alleles are detectable through direct sequencing (Onofri et al., 2015 “Sequence heterogeneity of Cannabidiolic- and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid-synthase in Cannabis sativa L. and its relationship with chemical phenotype” Phytochemistry Vol 116 pgs. 57-68). Persons having skill in the art can also determine the presence of a BT, BD, or homozygous B0 alleles by studying the cannabinoid profile of the plant. BT alleles result in the accumulation of THCA and/or THCVA, while BD alleles result in the accumulation of CBDA and/or CBDVA.
  • genotype at the B allele can be assessed by analyzing the cannabinoid profile of cannabis tissue.
  • the term“functional BT allele” or“functional BD allele” refers to an allele that results in the cannabis plant accumulating greater than 1.5% THCmax/THCVmax or greater than 2.0% CBDmax/CBDVmax, respectively. Cannabinoid accumulation below this level is typically attributed to residual activity of otherwise“null” alleles.
  • references to cannabinoids in a plant, plant part, extract, or composition of the present disclosure should be understood as references to both the acidic and decarboxylated versions of the compound (e.g., THCmax as determined by the conversion guidelines described in this document, and understood by those skilled in the art).
  • references to high THC contents of a cannabis plant in this disclosure should be understood as referencing to the combined THC and THCA content (THCmax).
  • cannabinoid max is meant to indicate the total theoretical maximum decarboxylated cannabinoid content of a sample, using the formulas described in this document.
  • cannabinoid analyses conducted via GC- FID measure only neutral forms of cannabinoids.
  • Cannabinoid measurements conducted by GC- FID are understood to have decarboxylated all acidic cannabinoids to their neutral forms due to the heat applied to the sample during the measuring process.
  • Cannabinoid measurements conducted via HPLC would be expected to produce content values for both the acidic and neutral forms.
  • HPLC measurements for a cannabinoid using its neutral annotation should be understood as references to both the acidic and decarboxylated versions of the compound (e.g., THCmax as determined by the conversion guidelines described in this document, and understood by those skilled in the art).
  • THCmax and THC max are interchangeably used in this document. This is true for all other cannabinoids discussed in this document.
  • the term“winterizing” or“winterization” refers to the process by which plant lipids and waxes are removed from a cannabis extract. Persons have skill in the art will immediately recognize how to winterize an extract. Briefly, winterization is the dissolving the cannabis extract into a polar solvent (most commonly ethanol) at sub-zero temperatures. Doing so separates the waxes and lipids from the oil, forcing them to collect at the top of the mixture for easy filtration/collection. Typically, winterization is conducted by mixing ethanol and hash oil into a container and placing it into a sub-zero freezer.
  • a polar solvent most commonly ethanol
  • the term“maturity,”“harvest maturity,” or“floral maturity” refers to the developmental stage at which a cannabis plant is ready for harvest. Persons having skill in the art will recognize maturity based on the plant’s morphologies. Cannabis plants are considered to be at harvest maturity when fan leaves begin to yellow, and when inflorescences begin to take on a ‘frosted’ appearance, as trichomes develop on calyxes and lower portions of bracts. If bracts and inflorescent parts turn overly yellow and/or if the‘frosted’ appearance is visible from afar, this could indicate the plant is beyond maturity. The color of trichomes can also be used to determine maturity.
  • Trichomes from cannabis plants first look small and clear, but gradually enlarge, and progressively become ‘milkier’ and opaque with continued maturation, finally displaying a desiccated appearance and amber color.
  • harvest maturity is defined as the time period between the enlarged clear trichome developmental stage and the opaque/milky trichome developmental stage.
  • Amber trichomes in cannabis plants are, in some embodiments, an indication of overly mature trichomes.
  • the present disclosure uses the terms“maturity,”“harvest maturity,” and“floral maturity” interchangeably. Unless otherwise noted, all cannabinoid and terpene values of cannabis plants discussed in this document refer to the level of those compounds present in a cannabis inflorescence at harvest maturity.
  • the term“Terpene Profile” is defined as the absolute and relative values of 17 selected terpenes and the non-terpene volatile hexyl butyrate: terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the term“Terpene Essential Oil” or“Terpene Essential Oil Content” refers to the additive contents of all the terpenes and volatiles in the Terpene Profile, represented by weight of the dry inflorescence or cannabinoid composition.
  • the terms “terpene oil content” and“terpene essential oil content” are used interchangeably.
  • the terms“Terpene Oil Content” and“Volatile Oil Content” or“Volatile Content” are used interchangeably.
  • the term“propyl cannabinoids” refers to cannabinoids with propyl (i.e., C3) carbon tails.
  • Propyl cannabinoids include, but are not limited to, CBGV A, THCVA, CBDVA, CBCVA, and their decarboxylated variants.
  • the term“pentyl cannabinoids” refers to cannabinoids with pentyl (i.e., C5) carbon tails.
  • Pentyl cannabinoids include, but are not limited to CBGA, THCA, CBDA, CBCA, and their decarboxylated variants.
  • the term“propyl cannabinoid content” refers to the additive content of the propyl cannabinoids, as measured by dry weight of the inflorescence, or the composition comprising the propyl cannabinoid.
  • the term“propyl cannabinoid max content” refers to the additive content of the potential decarboxylated propyl cannabinoids (as converted by formulas provided in this disclosure). This term is meant to indicate the quantity of propyl cannabinoid content that would be present if all the propyl cannabinoids were decarboxylated. Unless indicated otherwise, the terms“propyl cannabinoid content” and“propyl cannabinoid max content” are used interchangeably.
  • the present disclosure references pharmacologically relevant quantities of hexyl butyrate.
  • the pharmacologically relevant quantities of hexyl butyrate will be determined via consumer trials testing Specialty Cannabis and cannabinoid compositions with and without hexyl butyrate. Hexyl butyrate quantities that result in a physiological effect (as determined by the questionnaire), will be considered pharmacologically relevant.
  • the present disclosure references organoleptically relevant quantities of hexyl butyrate.
  • the organoleptically relevant quantities of hexyl butyrate will be determined via consumer trials testing Specialty Cannabis and cannabinoid compositions with and without hexyl butyrate. Hexyl butyrate quantities that are detectable by the average consumer (such as identifying a flavor change as determined by the questionnaire), will be considered organoleptically relevant.
  • Cannabis is an annual, dioecious, flowering herb. Its leaves are typically palmately compound or digitate, with serrated leaflets. Cannabis normally has imperfect flowers, with staminate "male” and pistillate “female” flowers occurring on separate plants. It is not unusual, however, for individual plants to separately bear both male and female flowers (i.e., have monoecious plants). Although monoecious plants are often referred to as "hermaphrodites,” true hermaphrodites (which are less common in cannabis) bear staminate and pistillate structures on individual flowers, whereas monoecious plants bear male and female flowers at different locations on the same plant.
  • the life cycle of cannabis varies with each variety but can be generally summarized into germination, vegetative growth, and reproductive stages. Because of heavy breeding and selection by humans, most cannabis seeds have lost dormancy mechanisms and do not require any pre treatments or winterization to induce germination (See Clarke, RC et al.“Cannabis: Evolution and Ethnobotany” University of California Press 2013). Seeds placed in viable growth conditions are expected to germinate in about 3 to 7 days. The first true leaves of a cannabis plant contain a single leaflet, with subsequent leaves developing in opposite formation, with increasing number of leaflets. Leaflets can be narrow or broad depending on the morphology of the plant grown. Cannabis plants are normally allowed to grow vegetatively for the first 4 to 8 weeks.
  • cannabis plants can grow up to 2.5 inches a day, and are capable of reaching heights of 20 feet or more.
  • Indoor growth pruning techniques tend to limit cannabis size through careful pruning of apical or side shoots.
  • Cannabis has long been used for drug and industrial purposes, including fiber (hemp), for seed and seed oils, for medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug.
  • Industrial hemp products are made from Cannabis plants selected to produce an abundance of fiber.
  • hemp varieties of Cannabis have been bred to produce minimal levels of THC, the principal psychoactive constituent responsible for the psychoactivity associated with marijuana.
  • “Marijuana” varieties of Cannabis typically refer to plants that have been bred to produce high levels of THC and other secondary metabolites, including other cannabinoids and terpenes.
  • Hemp strains generally refer to fiber-producing cannabis plants that exhibit tall, unbranched (sativa- like) morphologies.
  • “Drug type” cannabis (“Marijuana”) strains on the other hand, refer to plants that are designed for human recreational or medicinal consumption. These plants focus their energies on producing large numbers of resinous flowers, and thus typically exhibit shorter, highly branched morphologies adapted to indoor grows.
  • marijuana cannabis strains that are used as a drug and industrial hemp both derive from the Cannabis genus and contain trace amounts of one or more of the psychoactive component tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), they are distinct strains with unique phytochemical compositions and uses. Hemp typically has lower concentrations of THC and higher concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD), which decreases or eliminates the psychoactive effects of the plant.
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • the legality of industrial hemp varies widely between countries. Some governments regulate the concentration of THC and permit only hemp that is bred with an especially low THC content.
  • hemp In contrast to cannabis for medical use, varieties grown for fiber and seed typically have less than 0.3% THC and are unsuitable for producing hashish and marijuana (Sawler J et al, 2015, PLOS One. 10(8): e0l33292).
  • cannabidiol is a major constituent among some 560 compounds found in hemp.
  • the major differences between the two types of plants are the appearance, and the amount of ⁇ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) secreted in a resinous mixture by epidermal hairs called glandular trichomes, although they can also be distinguished genetically.
  • Oilseed and fiber varieties of Cannabis approved for industrial hemp production produce only minute amounts of this psychoactive drug, not enough for any physical or psychological effects.
  • hemp contains below 0.3% THC, while cultivars of Cannabis grown for medicinal or recreational use can contain anywhere from 2% to over 20%.
  • Hemp is used to make a variety of commercial and industrial products including rope, clothes, food, paper, textiles, plastics, insulation and biofuel.
  • the bast fibers can be used to make textiles that are 100% hemp, but they are commonly blended with other organic fibers such as flax, cotton or silk, to make woven fabrics for apparel and furnishings.
  • the inner two fibers of the plant are more woody and typically have industrial applications, such as mulch, animal bedding and litter.
  • drying hemp oil from the seeds becomes solid and can be used in the manufacture of oil-based paints, in creams as a moisturizing agent, for cooking, and in plastics.
  • Hemp seeds have been used in bird feed mix as well. Also, more than 95% of hemp seed sold in the European Union was used in animal and bird feed according to the 2013 research data. Thus, the hemp seed can be used for animal and bird feed.
  • the first genome sequence of Cannabis which is estimated to be 820 Mb in size, was published in 2011 by a team of Canadian scientists (van Bakel et al,“The draft genome and transcriptome of Cannabis sativa” Genome Biology l2:R102).
  • the plants and inflorescences of the present disclosure are seedless, sinsemilla. In some embodiments, the plants and inflorescences of the present disclosure are unpollinated.
  • Cannabis plants produce a unique family of terpeno-phenolic compounds called cannabinoids.
  • Cannabinoids, terpenoids, and other compounds are secreted by glandular trichomes that occur most abundantly on the floral calyxes and bracts of female plants.
  • As a drug it usually comes in the form of dried flower buds (marijuana), resin (hashish), or various extracts collectively known as hashish oil.
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • THC ⁇ 9 - tetrahydrocannabinol
  • Cannabinoids accumulate at the highest levels in the trichomes of cannabis inflorescences. However, cannabinoids have been detected in nearly all cannabis organs (see John K. Hemphill et al,“Cannabinoid Content of Individual Plant Organs From Different Geographical Strains of Cannabis Sativa L.” Journal of Natural Products, Vol 43, No. 1 Jan-Feb, 1980). Applicant has similarly detected terpenes in non-inflorescence parts of cannabis plants. Thus, in some embodiments, the plant cells of the present disclosure are terpene and cannabinoid producing cells.
  • Cannabinoids are the most studied group of secondary metabolites in cannabis. Most exist in two forms, as acids and in neutral (decarboxylated) forms.
  • the acid form is designated by an “A” at the end of its acronym (i.e. THCA).
  • the phytocannabinoids are synthesized in the plant as acid forms, and while some decarboxylation does occur in the plant, it increases significantly post harvest and the kinetics increase at high temperatures. (Sanchez and Verpoorte 2008).
  • the biologically active forms for human consumption are the neutral forms.
  • cannabinoids in their acid forms can be converted to their non-acidic forms through a process called decarboxylation.
  • Decarboxylation is usually achieved by thorough drying of the plant material followed by heating it, often by either combustion, vaporization, or heating or baking in an oven.
  • Cannabinoid compositions can similarly be decarboxylated by being exposed to heat.
  • the total measured content of acid cannabinoid variants forms should be adjusted to account for the loss of the carboxyl group. In some embodiments, this adjustment can be made by multiplying the molar content of the acidic cannabinoid forms by the molecular weight of the corresponding decarboxylated cannabinoid. Other shorthand conversions are also available for quickly converting acidic cannabinoid content to active cannabinoid content.
  • THCmax (THCA ⁇ 0.877) + THC.
  • CBGA can be converted to active CBG by multiplying CBGA by 0.878.
  • references to cannabinoids in a plant, plant part, extract, or composition of the present disclosure includes both the acidic and decarboxylated versions of the compound (e.g., THCmax as determined by the conversion guidelines described above, and understood by those skilled in the art).
  • References to a cannabinoid content (however it is measured) in a claim should be understood as representing theoretical maximums of decarboxylated“active” cannabinoid contents, plus converted contents of acidic versions of the same cannabinoid, unless otherwise indicated.
  • the cannabinoids in the Specialty Cannabis plants, plant parts, extracts and compositions of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, ⁇ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol ( ⁇ 9 -THC, aka D9THC or simply THC), ⁇ 8 -Tetrahydrocannabinol ( ⁇ 8 -THC aka D8THC), Cannabichromene (CBC), Cannabicyclol (CBL), Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabielsoin (CBE), Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabinidiol (CBND), Cannabinol (CBN), Cannabitriol (CBT), and their propyl homologs, including, but are not limited to cannabidivarin (CBDV), ⁇ 9 -Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), cannabichromevarin (CBCV), and cannabigerovarin (CBGV), and their propyl
  • Non- THC cannabinoids can be collectively referred to as“CBs”, wherein a CB can be one of THCV, CBDV, CBGV, CBCV, CBD, CBC, CBE, CBG, CBN, CBND, and CBT cannabinoids, and their acidic variants.
  • CBs can be one of THCV, CBDV, CBGV, CBCV, CBD, CBC, CBE, CBG, CBN, CBND, and CBT cannabinoids, and their acidic variants.
  • CBs can be one of THCV, CBDV, CBGV, CBCV, CBD, CBC, CBE, CBG, CBN, CBND, and CBT cannabinoids, and their acidic variants.
  • THC is the principal psychoactive constituent (or cannabinoid) of the cannabis plant.
  • the initially synthesized and accumulated form in plant is THC acid (THCA).
  • THC has mild to moderate analgesic effects, and cannabis can be used to treat pain by altering transmitter release on dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord and in the periaqueductal gray. Other effects include relaxation, alteration of visual, auditory, and olfactory senses, fatigue, and appetite stimulation. THC has marked antiemetic properties, and may also reduce aggression in certain subjects (Hoaken (2003). "Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior”. Addictive Behaviors 28: 1533-1554).
  • THC The pharmacological actions of THC result from its partial agonist activity at the cannabinoid receptor CBi, located mainly in the central nervous system, and the CB2 receptor, mainly expressed in cells of the immune system (Pertwee, 2006, "The pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: An overview". International Journal of Obesity 30: S 13— S 18.)
  • the psychoactive effects of THC are primarily mediated by its activation of CBlG-protein coupled receptors, which result in a decrease in the concentration of the second messenger molecule cAMP through inhibition of adenylate cyclase (Elphick et al., 2001, "The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoid signaling".
  • THC has an anticholinesterase action, which may implicate it as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's and Myasthenia (Eubanks et al., 2006, "A Molecular Link Between the Active Component of Marijuana and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology”. Molecular Pharmaceutics 3 (6): 773-7.)
  • THC occurs mainly as tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA, 2- COOH-THC).
  • THCA tetrahydrocannabinolic acid
  • 2- COOH-THC cannabigerolic acid
  • THC variants include:
  • CBD is a cannabinoid found in cannabis. Cannabidiol has displayed sedative effects in animal tests (Pickens, 1981, "Sedative activity of cannabis in relation to its delta 1 -trans- tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol content”. Br. J Pharmacol. 72 (4): 649-56). Some research, however, indicates that CBD can increase alertness, and attenuate the memory-impairing effect of THC.
  • CBD reduces growth of aggressive human breast cancer cells in vitro and reduces their invasiveness (McAllister et al, 2007, "Cannabidiol as a novel inhibitor of Id-l gene expression in aggressive breast cancer cells”. Mol. Cancer Ther. 6 (11): 2921-7.)
  • Cannabis produces CBD-carboxylic acid through the same metabolic pathway as THC, until the last step, where CBDA synthase performs catalysis instead of THC A synthase.
  • CBDA synthase performs catalysis instead of THC A synthase.
  • CBG is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in the Cannabis genus of plants.
  • Cannabigerol is found in higher concentrations in hemp rather than in varieties of Cannabis cultivated for high THC content and their corresponding psychoactive properties. Cannabigerol has been found to act as a high affinity a2-adrenergic receptor agonist, moderate affinity 5-HT1 A receptor antagonist, and low affinity CB1 receptor antagonist. It also binds to the CB2 receptor.
  • Cannabigerol has been shown to relieve intraocular pressure, which may be of benefit in the treatment of glaucoma (Craig et al. 1984,“Intraocular pressure, ocular toxicity and neurotoxicity after administration of cannabinol or cannabigerol” Experimental eye research 39 (3):25l-259).
  • CBG has been shown to have significant potential applications in the treatment of glaucoma, depression, Huntington’s disease, MRS A, cachexia, and cancer (Craig et al. 1984,“Intraocular pressure, ocular toxicity and neurotoxicity after administration of cannabinol or cannabigerol” Experimental eye research 39 (3):25l-259; U.S. Pat. No. 8,481,085; Valdeolivas et al.
  • CBG variants include:
  • CBN is a mildly to non-psychoactive substance cannabinoid found in Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica/afghanica. It is also a metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). CBN acts as a weak agonist of the CB1 and CB2 receptors, with lower affinity in comparison to THC.
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • CBC bears structural similarity to the other natural cannabinoids, including tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabidiol, and cannabinol, among others. Evidence has suggested that it may play a role in the anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects of cannabis, and may contribute to the overall analgesic effects of cannabis.
  • Non-limiting examples of CBC variants include:
  • Cannabivarin also known as cannabivarol or CBV, is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in minor amounts in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. It is an analog of cannabinol (CBN) with the side chain shortened by two methylene bridges (-CH2-). CBV is an oxidation product of tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV, THV).
  • CBDV is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in Cannabis. It is a homolog of cannabidiol (CBD), with the side-chain shortened by two methylene bridges (CH2 units). Cannabidivarin has been found reduce the number and severity of seizures in animal models (US Pat Application 13/075,873). Plants with relatively high levels of CBDV have been reported in feral populations of C. indica (
  • THCV tetrahydrocannabinol
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • THCV tetrahydrocannabinol
  • This terpeno-phenolic compound is found naturally in Cannabis, sometimes in significant amounts.
  • THCV has been shown to be a CB1 receptor antagonist, i.e. it blocks the effects of THC.
  • Tetrahydrocannabinol has been shown to increase metabolism, help weight loss and lower cholesterol in animal models (US Pat Application 11/667,860)
  • Cannabicyclol is a non-psychotomimetic cannabinoid found in the Cannabis species.
  • CBL is a degradative product like cannabinol. Light converts cannabichromene to CBL.
  • Non-limiting examples of CBL variants include:
  • Non-limiting examples of CBE variants include:
  • cannabinoids synthesis More details of cannabinoids synthesis and the properties and uses of these cannabinoids are described in Russo (2011, Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid- terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal of Pharmacology, 163: 1344-1364), Russo et al. (2006, A tale of two cannabinoids: the therapeutic rationale for combining tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, Medical Hypoth sis. 2006, 66:234-246), Celia et al.
  • phenolic precursors such as geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) and polyketide, olivetolic acid (OA) are condensed by geranyl pyrophosphate olivetolate geranyl transferase (GOT) to form cannabigerolic acid (CBGA).
  • GPP and divarinic acid can be condensed by GOT to form cannabigerovarinic acid (CBGVA).
  • CBGA or CBGVA are considered to be the “primary cannabinoids” from which others can be produced.
  • CBGA/CBGVA is quickly transformed in plants into, for example: (1) CBCA/CBCVA by CBCA synthase; (2) THCA/THCVA by THCA synthase; or (3) CBDA/CBDVA by CBDA synthase.
  • CBCA/CBCVA by CBCA synthase
  • THCA/THCVA by THCA synthase
  • CBDA/CBDVA by CBDA synthase.
  • cannabis plants can be categorized into THC-CBD chemotypes based on the state of the B locus BT/BT (THC producing, chemotype I), BD/BD (CBD producing, chemotype III), and BT/BD (producing both THC and CBD, chemotype II). Additional information on the genetic regulation of cannabinoids can be found in de Meijer et al. I, II, III, and IV (I: 2003, Genetics, 163:335-346; II: 2005, Euphytica, 145: 189-198; III: 2009, Euphytica, 165:293-311; and IV: 2009, Euphytica, 168:95-112).
  • the BT and BD alleles are known, and can be easily detected using methods known to those skilled in the art, including Northerns, PCR, sequencing, or Westerns.
  • a representative sequence of THCA synthase is available at GenBank ID AB057805.1.
  • a representative sequence of the CBDA synthase is available at GenBank ID AB292682.1.
  • the specialty plants and compositions of the present disclosure comprise novel terpene and volatile compound profiles.
  • Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants. They are often strong smelling and thus may have had a protective function.
  • Terpenes are derived biosynthetically from units of isoprene, which has the molecular formula C 5 H 8 .
  • the basic molecular formulae of terpenes are multiples of (C 5 H 8 ) n where n is the number of linked isoprene units.
  • the isoprene units may be linked together "head to tail" to form linear chains or they may be arranged to form rings.
  • Non-limiting examples of terpenes include Hemiterpenes, Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes, Diterpenes, Sesterterpenes, Triterpenes, Sesquarterpenes, Tetraterpenes, Polyterpenes, and Norisoprenoids.
  • cannabis In addition to cannabinoids, cannabis also produces over 120 different terpenes (Russo 2011, Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid- terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal of Pharmacology, 163: 1344-1364). Within the context and verbiage of this document the terms‘terpenoid’ and‘terpene’ are used interchangeably.
  • Cannabinoids are odorless, so terpenoids are responsible for the unique odor of cannabis, and each variety has a slightly different profile that can potentially be used as a tool for identification of different varieties or geographical origins of samples (Hillig 2004.
  • cannabis plants also produce a variety of other volatile compounds. Together, terpenes and other volatile compounds provide a unique and complex organoleptic profile for each variety that is appreciated by both novice users and connoisseurs.
  • Critical differences between many popular commercial cannabis strains can be largely attributed to differences in Terpene Profiles, which provide each line with their distinctive aroma and pharmacological effects.
  • the popular“cookies” strain of cannabis is noted by its myrcene and limonene content.
  • some terpenes interact with neurological receptors.
  • a few terpenes produced by cannabis plants also bind weakly to cannabinoid receptors.
  • Terpenoids can alter the permeability of cell membranes and allow in either more or less THC, while other terpenes can affect serotonin and dopamine chemistry as neurotransmitters.
  • Terpenoids are lipophilic, and can interact with lipid membranes, ion channels, a variety of different receptors (including both G-protein coupled odorant and neurotransmitter receptors), and enzymes. Some are capable of absorption through human skin and passing the blood brain barrier.
  • terpenes are considered to be pharmacologically relevant when present in concentrations of at least 0.05% in plant material (Hazekamp and Fischedick 2010.“Metabolic fingerprinting of Cannabis sativa L., cannabinoids and terpenoids for chemotaxonomic and drug standardization purposes” Phytochemistry 2058-73; Russo 2011, Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal of Pharmacology, 163: 1344-1364).
  • THC potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects
  • the present disclosure teaches Specialty Cannabis plants comprising organoleptically relevant levels of hexyl butyrate. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches Specialty Cannabis plants comprising pharmacologically relevant levels of hexyl butyrate.
  • an organoleptically relevant level of a terpene or other volatile compound is the level at which the compound can be sensed by the average cannabis user when inhaled.
  • the present disclosure teaches that in order to be organoleptically relevant, the content of hexyl butyrate in cannabis inflorescences must be greater than 0.04%wt, 0.06%wt, 0.08%wt, 0. l%wt, 0. l2%wt, 0. l4%wt, 0. l6%wt, 0. l 8%wt, 0.2%wt, 0.22%wt,
  • the present disclosure teaches that in order to be pharmacologically relevant, the content of hexyl butyrate in cannabis inflorescences must be greater than 0.04%wt, 0.06%wt, 0.08%wt, 0. l%wt, 0. l2%wt, 0. l4%wt, 0. l6%wt, 0. l 8%wt, 0.2%wt, 0.22%wt,
  • a pharmacologically relevant level of a terpene is the level at which the terpene produces one or more pharmacological effects in a medical cannabis patient when inhaled.
  • the present disclosure teaches that in order to be pharmacologically relevant, the content of any single terpene in cannabis inflorescences must be greater than 0.04%wt, 0.06%wt, 0.08%wt, 0.1 %wt, 0. l2%wt, 0. l4%wt, 0. l6%wt, 0. l8%wt,
  • Terpenoids and other volatile compounds can be extracted from the plant material by steam distillation (giving you essential oil) or vaporization/burning (to produce smoke). Terpenoid and other volatile compound yield/composition however, can vary greatly type of extraction, and other variables (McPartland and Russo 2001“Cannabis and Cannabis Extracts: Greater Than the Sum of Their Parts?” Hayworth Press). In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches methods for extracting cannabinoids and terpenes. Other methods for producing reproducible and quantifiable cannabinoid and terpene measurements are known to persons having skill in the art.
  • the yield of terpenoids in cannabis inflorescences is less than 1% by weight on analysis; however, it is thought that they may comprise up to 10% of the trichome content.
  • terpenoids and non-terpene volatiles in cannabis are discussed below.
  • the present disclosure teaches Specialty Cannabis or cannabinoid compositions comprising hexyl butyrate.
  • Hexyl butyrate Cas No: 2639-63-6, is also known as Butanoic acid, hexyl ester; Butyric acid, hexyl ester; Hexyl butanoate; n-Hexyl butanoate; n-Hexyl butyrate; andl -Hexyl butyrate.
  • hexyl butyrate is a natural volatile compound that is present in many common fruits, including apples and pears (Lu PF et al.
  • Hexyl butyrate has been used as a food additive, and has a characteristic fruity (apricot) odor and sweet taste suggestive of pineapple (George A. Burdock.“Fenaroli’s Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, Sixth edition” CRC Press, Apr 19, 2016). Hexyl butyrate has been used as flavoring in gelatins, puddings, candy, baked goods, ice cream, and beverages.
  • the present invention is based in part on the inventor’s discovery that the expression of organoleptically relevant levels of hexyl butyrate in Specialty Cannabis or cannabinoid compositions could produce desirable organoleptic consumer responses.
  • the present inventors surveyed existing cannabis plants and found only trace levels of hexyl butyrate compound, representing less than 0.004% wt. of plants. This suggested that while existing cannabis germplasm was capable of producing the compound, that it had largely gone undetected and unexploited. Through a series of carefully designed and controlled crosses, the present inventors were able to trigger expression of relevant biosynthetic genes to produce novel Specialty Cannabis plants with organoleptically relevant quantities of hexyl butyrate.
  • hexyl butyrate is not technically considered a terpene because there is no evidence that it is derived from isoprene.
  • the present inventors have discovered however, that hexyl butyrate, like other terpenoids discussed in this application, can define the consumer experience of a cannabis strain by modulating its organoleptic and pharmacological properties (i.e., changing flavor and effect of the plant).
  • organoleptic and pharmacological properties i.e., changing flavor and effect of the plant.
  • D-Limonene also known as limonene
  • limonene is a monoterpenoid that is widely distributed in nature and often associated with citrus. It has strong anxiolytic properties in both mice and humans, apparently increasing serotonin and dopamine in mouse brain. D-limonene has potent anti depressant activity when inhaled. It is also under investigation for a variety of different cancer treatments, with some focus on its hepatic metabolite, perillic acid.
  • b-Myrcene also known as myrcene, is a monoterpenoid also found in cannabis, and has a variety of pharmacological effects. It is often associated with a sweet fruit like taste. It reduces inflammation, aids sleep, and blocks hepatic carcinogenesis, as well as acting as an analgesic and muscle relaxant in mice.
  • D-Linalool also known as linalool
  • linalool is a monoterpenoid with very well-known anxiolytic effects. It is often associated with lavender, and frequented used in aromatherapy for its sedative impact. It acts as a local anesthetic and helps to prevent scarring from burns, is anti-nociceptive in mice, and shows anti-glutamatergic and anticonvulsant activity.
  • ⁇ -Pinene is a monoterpene common in nature, also with a plethora of effects on mammals and humans. It acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, which aids memory and counteracts the short-term memory loss associated with A9-THC intoxication, is an effective antibiotic agent, and shows some activity against MRSA.
  • a-pinene is a bronchodilator in humans and has anti-inflammatory properties via the prostaglandin E-l pathway (Russo 2011, Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal of Pharmacology, 163: 1344-1364).
  • b-Caryophyllene is often the most predominant sesquiterpenoid in cannabis. It is less volatile than the monoterpenoids, thus it is found in higher concentrations in material that has been processed by heat to aid in decarboxylation. It is very interesting in that it is a selective full agonist at the CB2 receptor, which makes it the only phytocannabinoid found outside the cannabis genus. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory and gastric cytoprotective properties, and may even have anti- malarial activity.
  • Caryophyllene oxide is another sesquiterpenoid found in cannabis, which has antifungal and anti-platelet aggregation properties. As an aside, it is also the molecule that drug-sniffing dogs are trained to find (Russo 2011, Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid- terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal of Pharmacology, 163: 1344-1364).
  • Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene that is often found in citrus peels that exhibits a range of interesting properties. It acts as a sedative, inhibits fungal growth, and has potent anti-malarial and antileishmanial activity. It also alleviated colon adenomas in rats (Russo 2011, Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects, British Journal of Pharmacology, 163: 1344-1364). Phytol is a diterpene often found in cannabis extracts. It is a degradation product of chlorophyll and tocopherol. It increases GABA expression and therefore could be responsible the relaxing effects of green tea and wild lettuce.
  • Table 2- A non-limiting list of the medical effects of some of the most common terpenes found in cannabis
  • the absolute cannabinoid and terpene (including hexyl butyrate) contents of a plant are calculated based on weight of cannabinoid or terpene present in a sample divided by the dried weight of the dried trimmed inflorescence.
  • Dried inflorescences refer to harvested inflorescence tissue dried to ⁇ 10% moisture level.
  • terpene and cannabinoid contents are further adjusted to account for any remaining moisture content, by removing the weight of any remaining moisture from the measured weight of the inflorescence.
  • Moisture content of a flower can be determined by a variety of analytical methods. Persons having skill in the art will be familiar with methods for measuring moisture content.
  • the present disclosure teaches the use of FTIR analysis for calculating moisture content of inflorescences.
  • the present disclosure teaches the use of additional drying steps in desiccant chambers to calculate remaining moisture contents.
  • trimmed inflorescence refers to inflorescences with sun (sugar) leaves cut off such that only the calyx and reproductive buds remain. Frosty leaves are left on the inflorescence. Trimming can be performed manually, through careful manicuring of harvested tissue, or via automated mechanical methods.
  • the present disclosure also teaches methods of pre-screening grown seeds for specific cannabinoid contents.
  • the types of cannabinoids produced by a cannabis inflorescence can also be determined in the field via thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis ( see“Cannabis Inflorescence & Leaf QC” from The American Herbal Pharmacopeia 2013).
  • the present disclosure will often refer to Specialty Cannabis comprising a selected cannabinoid or terpene content. In some instances, the present disclosure will refer to Specialty Cannabis that produces inflorescences comprising a selected cannabinoid or terpene content. It will be understood that both of these statements are interchangeable, and that references to the cannabinoid or terpene contents of a Specialty Cannabis plant refer to the contents of the inflorescences those plants produce.
  • the present disclosure teaches Specialty Cannabis.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce female inflorescences.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure have been feminized to produce female seed/plants.
  • the supporting seed deposits referenced in the present disclosure are feminized. Persons having skill in the art will be familiar with techniques to feminize cannabis seeds, including breeding through treatment with silver thiosulfate, colloidal silver, hormones, and rodelization method.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% cannabinoids by dry weight of the inflorescence, and all ranges therebetween.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprise 1-40%, 1-30%, 1-25% cannabinoid content by dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% cannabmoids by dry weight of the inflorescence,
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure are chemotype I plants, and primarily accumulate THC.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% THC by dry weight of the inflorescence, and all ranges therebetween.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprise 1-40%, 1-30%, 1-25% THC by dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% THC by dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure are chemotype III plants, and primarily accumulate CBD.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% CBD by dry weight of the inflorescence, and all ranges therebetween.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprise 1-40%, 1-30%, 1-25% CBD by dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% CBD by dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure are chemotype II plants, and primarily accumulate both THC and CBD.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% CBD and/or THC by dry weight of the inflorescence, and all ranges therebetween.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprise 1-40%, 1-30%, 1- 25% CBD and or THC by dry weight of the inflorescence (e.g., 10% THC and 10% CBD).
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% CBD and/or THC by dry weight of the inflorescence (e.g., >3% THC and > 3% CBD).
  • CBD and/or THC by dry weight of the inflorescence
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure accumulates propyl cannabinoids (e.g., THCv and CBDv).
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% propyl cannabinoids by dry weight of the inflorescence, and all ranges therebetween.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprise 1-40%, 1-30%, 1-25% propyl cannabinoids by dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% propyl cannabinoids by dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure accumulates CBC.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% CBC by weight of the dried inflorescence, and all ranges therebetween.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprise 3%-40%, 3%-30%, or 3%-25% CBC content by weight of the dried inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% CBC by weight of the dried inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% THCV by weight of the dried inflorescence, and all ranges therebetween.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprise 3%-40%, 3%-30%, or 3%-25% THCV content by weight of the dried inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% THCV by weight of the dried inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%,
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprise 3%-40%, 3%-30%, or 3%-25% CBDV content by weight of the dried inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% CBDV by weight of the dried inflorescence
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure accumulates CBCV.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% CBCV by weight of the dried inflorescence, and all ranges therebetween.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprise 3%-40%, 3%-30%, or 3%-25% CBCV content by weight of the dried inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% CBCV by weight of the dried inflorescence.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, or 40% of any CBs by weight of the dried inflorescence, and all ranges therebetween.
  • Terpene Profile Another important aspect of cannabis breeding is the terpene and hexyl butyrate profile of a plant (together referred to as Terpene Profile or volatile profile).
  • the present invention teaches the preference for cannabis plant material with novel Terpene Profiles.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce inflorescences comprising organoleptically relevant contents of hexyl butyrate.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present invention has an absolute content of any one of the 17 terpenes and hexyl butyrate in the Terpene Profile as set forth in Table 3, that is about 0%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.3%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.4%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.5%, 0.5
  • the absolute content of any one of the terpenes/volatiles is between about 0.05% and about 0.85%.
  • This paragraph is intended to be read as applying to any specific terpene(s) or volatiles in a Terpene Profile, such that the name of any one these terpenes or hexyl butyrate, as specifically referred to elsewhere herein (e.g., linalool) can replace the phrase“any one of the 17 terpenes in the Terpene Profile and hexyl butyrate.”
  • the absolute content of any one of the terpenes or hexyl butyrate is between about 0.05% and about 0.85%.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present invention has an absolute content of any one of the 17 terpenes and hexyl butyrate in the Terpene Profile as set forth in Table 3, that is more than about 0%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.3%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.4%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.5%,
  • any specific terpene(s) in a Terpene Profile such that the name of any one of these terpenes or hexyl butyrate as specifically referred to elsewhere herein (e.g., linalool) can replace the phrase “any one of the 17 terpenes in the Terpene Profile and hexyl butyrate.”
  • the absolute content of any one of the terpenes or hexyl butyrate is between more than about 0.05%.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprises about 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.3%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.4%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.5%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.59%, 0.6%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.64%,
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprises more than about 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.2%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, 0.29%, 0.3%, 0.31%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.4%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.5%, 0.51%, 0.52%, 0.53%, 0.54%, 0.55%, 0.56%, 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.59%, 0.6%, 0.61%, 0.62%, 0.63%, 0.6
  • the present invention teaches cannabis plants with high terpene essential oil contents.
  • Terpene essential oil contents are measured by adding the absolute contents by weight of the 18 compounds from the Terpene Profile as defined above.
  • This application uses the terms“terpene essential oil content” and“volatile essential oil content” interchangeably.
  • the application will refer to VOC, or“volatile content,” which should also be understood to reference volatile essential oil content.
  • the absolute terpene and hexyl butyrate content is measured as w/w % value based on dry inflorescences.
  • the present invention is based in part on the discovery that consumers prefer Specialty Cannabis varieties with novel Terpene Profiles comprising hexyl butyrate and with high terpene essential oil contents.
  • a hexyl butyrate dominant Terpene Profile (or volatile profile) is used to refer to Terpene Profiles in which hexyl butyrate is the most abundant compound in the Terpene Profile (i.e., hexyl butyrate relative or absolute content is > content of any single one of the 18 terpenes or volatiles in the Terpene Profile).
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present invention has greater than 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 3.9%, 4%, 4.1%, 4.2%, 4.3%, 4.4%, 4.5%, 4.6%, 4.7%, 4.8%, 4.9%, 5%, 5.1%, 5.2%, 5.3%, 5.4%, 5.5%, 5.6%, 5.7%, 5.8%, 5.9%, 6%, 6.1%, 6.2%, 6.3%, 6.4%, 6.5%, 6.6%, 6.7%, 6.8%, 6.9%, 7%, 7.1%, 7.2%, 7.3%, 7.4%, 7.5%, 7.6%, 7.7%, 7.8%,
  • the terpene/volatile essential oil content of the Specialty Cannabis varieties of the present invention is between about 0.5% and about 8% by dry weight. In other embodiments the essential oil contents of the Specialty Cannabis varieties of the present invention is between about 1.0% and about 5% by dry weight.
  • This specification uses the terms“terpene oil content” and“terpene essential oil content” interchangeably.
  • the terpene content of the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure is described in relative terms as a % composition of the total Terpene Profile.
  • a Specialty Cannabis with 1.2% absolute terpinolene content and 1.2% hexyl butyrate content and no other terpenes in the Terpene Profile would said to have 50% terpinolene and 50% hexyl butyrate relative content.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present invention has a relative content of any one of the 18 compounds in the Terpene Profile that is about
  • any one of the terpenes is between 0% and 100%.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present invention has a relative content of any one of the 18 compounds in the Terpene Profile that is greater than or less than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%,
  • the relative content of any one of the terpenes is between 0% and 100%.
  • This paragraph is intended to be read as applying to any specific terpene(s) in a Terpene Profile, such that the name of any of one or two or more these terpenes as specifically referred to elsewhere herein (e.g., linalool) can replace the phrase“any one of the 18 compounds in the Terpene Profile.”
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure has a relative hexyl butyrate content of more than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%,
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure has more than 1% relative hexyl butyrate content.
  • Another important breeding phenotype is flower color.
  • the accumulation of anthocyanins, carotenoids, or other color-producing compounds in leaves and flowers of cannabis can have an effect on consumer visual appeal and flavor. Iconic examples of the appeal of color are the popular “Purple Kush”,“Purple Haze”, and“Purple Trainwreck” varieties that express anthocyanins in their late maturation stages to produce dark purple leaves. Color selections can also be based on (but not limited to) unique coloration of stem, leaf, inflorescence, calyx, stamen, trichome bodies and finished products including extracts and hash.
  • Cannabis yield is another important factor in breeding.
  • Cannabis yield is measured by pounds (lbs.), grams (g) or kilograms (Kg) of dried (e.g., -10% moisture) trimmed flowers.
  • Yield can be expressed in terms of yield per plant, yield per watt of light, and yield per square meter of growing area among others.
  • Cannabis yield is also dependent on the growing environment. For example, yields for a particular cannabis strain will vary between outdoor growth long season, outdoor growth short season, or indoor growth. Yield may also be affected by growing conditions such as type of lighting, soil, fertilizer use, size of growing pot, etc.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure produce . lg, 2g,
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present invention produces lOg, l5g, 20g, 25g, 30g, 35g, 40g, 45g, 50g, 55g, 60g, 65g, 70g, 75g, 80g, 85g, 90g, 95g, lOOg, 105g, l lOg, H5g, l20g, l25g, l30g, l35g, l40g, l45g, l50g, l 55g, l60g, l65g, l70g, l75g, l80g, l85g, l90g, l95g, 200g, 21 Og, 220g, 230g, 240g, 250g, 260g,
  • Root Structure Positive root selection is marked by overall root vigor and adventitious root growth, ease of transplant, rate of root development on clonal propagations, and root shooting from tissue culture samples. Root selections can also be based on resistance to soil and hydroponic pathogens including Pythium.
  • Vigor - Selection for plant vigor are marked by tremendous grow rates and robust stem/stalk infrastructure. Often times, selection display morphologies that are very much enlarged compared to sibling progeny.
  • Fungal Resistance - Selections based on plant that exhibit immunity or partial immunity to fungal diseases and pathogens including but not limited to powdery mildew, botrytis, downy mildew among others.
  • Marijuana Botany An Advanced study: The Propagation and Breeding of Distinctive Cannabis by Robert Connell Clarke.
  • the present invention also relates to variants, mutants and modifications of the seeds, plant parts and/or whole plants of the cannabis plants of the present invention.
  • Variants, mutants and trivial modifications of the seeds, plants, plant parts, plant cells of the present invention can be generated by methods well known and available to one skilled in the art, including but not limited to, mutagenesis (e.g., chemical mutagenesis, radiation mutagenesis, transposon mutagenesis, insertional mutagenesis, signature tagged mutagenesis, site-directed mutagenesis, and natural mutagenesis), knock-outs/knock-ins, antisense and RNA interference.
  • mutagenesis e.g., chemical mutagenesis, radiation mutagenesis, transposon mutagenesis, insertional mutagenesis, signature tagged mutagenesis, site-directed mutagenesis, and natural mutagenesis
  • knock-outs/knock-ins antisense and RNA interference.
  • the present invention also relates to a mutagenized population of the cannabis plants of the present invention, and methods of using such populations.
  • the mutagenized population can be used in screening for new cannabis lines that comprise one or more or all of the morphological, physiological, biological, and/or chemical characteristics of cannabis plants of the present invention.
  • the new cannabis plants obtained from the screening process comprise one or more or all of the morphological, physiological, biological, and/or chemical characteristics of cannabis plants of the present invention, and one or more additional or different new morphological, physiological, biological, and/or chemical characteristic.
  • the mutagenized population of the present invention can be used in Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) screening method, which combines a standard and efficient technique of mutagenesis with a chemical mutagen (e.g., Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)) with a sensitive DNA screening-technique that identifies single base mutations (also called point mutations) in a target gene.
  • TILLING Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes
  • the plants of the present invention can be used to produce new plant varieties. In some embodiments, the plants are used to develop new, unique and superior varieties or hybrids with desired phenotypes.
  • selection methods e.g., molecular marker assisted selection
  • breeding methods can be combined with breeding methods to accelerate the process. Additional breeding methods have been known to one of ordinary skill in the art, e.g., methods discussed in Chahal and Gosal (Principles and procedures of plant breeding: biotechnological and conventional approaches, CRC Press, 2002, ISBN 084931321X, 9780849313219), Taji et al.
  • Cannabis genome has been sequenced recently (van Bakel et al., The draft genome and transcriptome of Cannabis sativa, Genome Biology, l2(10):R102, 2011). Molecular makers for cannabis plants are described in Datwyler et al.
  • molecular markers are designed and made, based on the genome of the plants of the present application.
  • the molecular markers are selected from Isozyme Electrophoresis, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP- PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs). Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites, etc.
  • RFLPs Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
  • RAPDs Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs
  • AP- PCR Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • DAF Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions
  • SCARs Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions
  • the molecular markers can be used in molecular marker assisted breeding.
  • the molecular markers can be utilized to monitor the transfer of the genetic material.
  • the transferred genetic material is a gene of interest, such as genes that contribute to one or more favorable agronomic phenotypes when expressed in a plant cell, a plant part, or a plant.
  • said method comprises (i) crossing any one of the plants of the present invention comprising the expression cassette as a donor to a recipient plant line to create a F1 population; (ii) selecting offspring that have expression cassette.
  • the offspring can be further selected by testing the expression of the gene of interest.
  • the transgenic plant with the expression cassette can serve as a male or female parent in a cross pollination to produce offspring plants, wherein by receiving the transgene from the donor plant, the offspring plants have the expression cassette.
  • protoplast fusion can also be used for the transfer of the transgene from a donor plant to a recipient plant.
  • Protoplast fusion is an induced or spontaneous union, such as a somatic hybridization, between two or more protoplasts (cells in which the cell walls are removed by enzymatic treatment) to produce a single bi- or multi-nucleate cell.
  • the fused cell that may even be obtained with plant species that cannot be interbred in nature is tissue cultured into a hybrid plant exhibiting the desirable combination of traits. More specifically, a first protoplast can be obtained from a plant having the expression cassette.
  • a second protoplast can be obtained from a second plant line, optionally from another plant species or variety, preferably from the same plant species or variety, that comprises commercially desirable characteristics, such as, but not limited to disease resistance, insect resistance, valuable grain characteristics (e.g., increased seed weight and/or seed size) etc.
  • the protoplasts are then fused using traditional protoplast fusion procedures, which are known in the art to produce the cross.
  • embryo rescue may be employed in the transfer of the expression cassette from a donor plant to a recipient plant.
  • Embryo rescue can be used as a procedure to isolate embryos from crosses wherein plants fail to produce viable seed.
  • the fertilized ovary or immature seed of a plant is tissue cultured to create new plants (see Pierik, 1999, In vitro culture of higher plants, Springer, ISBN 079235267x, 9780792352679, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • the recipient plant is an elite line having one or more certain desired traits.
  • desired traits include but are not limited to those that result in increased biomass production, production of specific chemicals, increased seed production, improved plant material quality, increased seed oil content, etc. Additional examples of desired traits includes pest resistance, vigor, development time (time to harvest), enhanced nutrient content, novel growth patterns, aromas or colors, salt, heat, drought and cold tolerance, and the like.
  • Desired traits also include selectable marker genes (e.g., genes encoding herbicide or antibiotic resistance used only to facilitate detection or selection of transformed cells), hormone biosynthesis genes leading to the production of a plant hormone (e.g., auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and ethylene that are used only for selection), or reporter genes (e.g. luciferase, b-glucuronidase, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT, etc.).
  • the recipient plant can also be a plant with preferred chemical compositions, e.g., compositions preferred for medical use or industrial applications.
  • Open-Pollinated Populations The improvement of open-pollinated populations of such crops as rye, many maizes and sugar beets, herbage grasses, legumes such as alfalfa and clover, and tropical tree crops such as cacao, coconuts, oil palm and some rubber, depends essentially upon changing gene-frequencies towards fixation of favorable alleles while maintaining a high (but far from maximal) degree of heterozygosity. Uniformity in such populations is impossible and trueness-to-type in an open-pollinated variety is a statistical feature of the population as a whole, not a characteristic of individual plants. Thus, the heterogeneity of open-pollinated populations contrasts with the homogeneity (or virtually so) of inbred lines, clones and hybrids.
  • Population improvement methods fall naturally into two groups, those based on purely phenotypic selection, normally called mass selection, and those based on selection with progeny testing.
  • Interpopulation improvement utilizes the concept of open breeding populations; allowing genes to flow from one population to another. Plants in one population (cultivar, strain, ecotype, or any germplasm source) are crossed either naturally (e.g., by wind) or by hand or by bees (commonly Apis mellifera L. or Megachile rotundata F.) with plants from other populations. Selection is applied to improve one (or sometimes both) population(s) by isolating plants with desirable traits from both sources.
  • Mass Selection In mass selection, desirable individual plants are chosen, harvested, and the seed composited without progeny testing to produce the following generation. Since selection is based on the maternal parent only, and there is no control over pollination, mass selection amounts to a form of random mating with selection. As stated herein, the purpose of mass selection is to increase the proportion of superior genotypes in the population.
  • Synthetics A synthetic variety is produced by crossing inter se a number of genotypes selected for good combining ability in all possible hybrid combinations, with subsequent maintenance of the variety by open pollination. Whether parents are (more or less inbred) seed- propagated lines, as in some sugar beet and beans (Vicia) or clones, as in herbage grasses, clovers and alfalfa, makes no difference in principle. Parents are selected on general combining ability, sometimes by test crosses or topcrosses, more generally by polycrosses. Parental seed lines may be deliberately inbred (e.g. by selfing or sib crossing). However, even if the parents are not deliberately inbred, selection within lines during line maintenance will ensure that some inbreeding occurs. Clonal parents will, of course, remain unchanged and highly heterozygous.
  • Pedigreed varieties A pedigreed variety is a superior genotype developed from selection of individual plants out of a segregating population followed by propagation and seed increase of self-pollinated offspring and careful testing of the genotype over several generations. This is an open pollinated method that works well with naturally self-pollinating species. This method can be used in combination with mass selection in variety development. Variations in pedigree and mass selection in combination are the most common methods for generating varieties in self- pollinated crops.
  • Hybrids A hybrid is an individual plant resulting from a cross between parents of differing genotypes. Commercial hybrids are now used extensively in many crops, including corn (maize), sorghum, sugar beet, sunflower and broccoli. Hybrids can be formed in a number of different ways, including by crossing two parents directly (single cross hybrids), by crossing a single cross hybrid with another parent (three-way or triple cross hybrids), or by crossing two different hybrids (four-way or double cross hybrids).
  • hybrids are usually fertile or sterile depending on qualitative and/or quantitative differences in the genomes of the two parents.
  • Heterosis, or hybrid vigor is usually associated with increased heterozygosity that results in increased vigor of growth, survival, and fertility of hybrids as compared with the parental lines that were used to form the hybrid. Maximum heterosis is usually achieved by crossing two genetically different, highly inbred lines.
  • Specialty Cannabis plants of the present invention can be further modified by introducing into the plants one or more transgenes which when expressed lead to desired phenotypes.
  • the most common method for the introduction of new genetic material into a plant genome involves the use of living cells of the bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens to literally inject a piece of DNA, called transfer or T-DNA, into individual plant cells (usually following wounding of the tissue) where it is targeted to the plant nucleus for chromosomal integration.
  • Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation involves as a first step the placement of DNA fragments cloned on plasmids into living Agrobacterium cells, which are then subsequently used for transformation into individual plant cells.
  • Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation is thus an indirect plant transformation method.
  • Methods of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation that involve using vectors with no T-DNA are also well known to those skilled in the art and can have applicability in the present invention. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 7,250,554, which utilizes P-DNA instead of T-DNA in the transformation vector.
  • Another direct method uses ultrafine particles, usually tungsten or gold, that are coated with DNA and then sprayed onto the surface of a plant tissue with sufficient force to cause the particles to penetrate plant cells, including the thick cell wall, membrane and nuclear envelope, but without killing at least some of them (US 5,204,253, US 5,015,580).
  • a third direct method uses fibrous forms of metal or ceramic consisting of sharp, porous or hollow needle-like projections that literally impale the cells, and also the nuclear envelope of cells.
  • a selection method For efficient plant transformation, a selection method must be employed such that whole plants are regenerated from a single transformed cell and every cell of the transformed plant carries the DNA of interest.
  • These methods can employ positive selection, whereby a foreign gene is supplied to a plant cell that allows it to utilize a substrate present in the medium that it otherwise could not use, such as mannose or xylose (for example, refer US 5,767,378; US 5994629). More typically, however, negative selection is used because it is more efficient, utilizing selective agents such as herbicides or antibiotics that either kill or inhibit the growth of nontransformed plant cells and reducing the possibility of chimeras. Resistance genes that are effective against negative selective agents are provided on the introduced foreign DNA used for the plant transformation.
  • nptll neomycin phosphotransferase
  • many different antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes can be used for transformation purposes (refer US 5034322, US 6174724 and US 6255560).
  • herbicides and herbicide resistance genes have been used for transformation purposes, including the bar gene, which confers resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin (White et al., Nucl Acids Res 18: 1062 (1990), Spencer et al., TheorAppl Genet 79: 625-631(1990), US 4795855, US 5378824 and US 6107549).
  • the dhfr gene which confers resistance to the anticancer agent methotrexate, has been used for selection (Bourouis et al. , EMBO J 2(7): 1099-1104 (1983).
  • Genes can be introduced in a site directed fashion using homologous recombination. Homologous recombination permits site specific modifications in endogenous genes and thus inherited or acquired mutations may be corrected, and/or novel alterations may be engineered into the genome. Homologous recombination and site-directed integration in plants are discussed in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,451,513; 5,501,967 and 5,527,695.
  • Transgenic plants can now be produced by a variety of different transformation methods including, but not limited to, electroporation; microinjection; microprojectile bombardment, also known as particle acceleration or biolistic bombardment; viral-mediated transformation; and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. See, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,405,765; 5,472,869; 5,538,877; 5,538,880; 5,550,318; 5,641,664; 5,736,369 and 5,736,369; and International Patent Application Publication Nos.
  • Microprojectile bombardment is also known as particle acceleration, biolistic bombardment, and the gene gun (Biolistic® Gene Gun).
  • the gene gun is used to shoot pellets that are coated with genes (e.g., for desired traits) into plant seeds or plant tissues in order to get the plant cells to then express the new genes.
  • the gene gun uses an actual explosive (.22 caliber blank) to propel the material. Compressed air or steam may also be used as the propellant.
  • the Biolistic® Gene Gun was invented in 1983-1984 at Cornell University by John Sanford, Edward Wolf, and Nelson Allen. It and its registered trademark are now owned by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Most species of plants have been transformed using this method.
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a naturally occurring bacterium that is capable of inserting its DNA (genetic information) into plants, resulting in a type of injury to the plant known as crown gall. Most species of plants can now be transformed using this method, including cucurbitaceous species.
  • a transgenic plant formed using Agrobacterium transformation methods typically contains a single gene on one chromosome, although multiple copies are possible. Such transgenic plants can be referred to as being hemizygous for the added gene.
  • a more accurate name for such a plant is an independent segregant, because each transformed plant represents a unique T-DNA integration event (U. S. Patent No. 6,156,953).
  • a transgene locus is generally characterized by the presence and/or absence of the transgene.
  • a heterozygous genotype in which one allele corresponds to the absence of the transgene is also designated hemizygous (U.S. Patent No. 6,008,437).
  • General transformation methods, and specific methods for transforming certain plant species are described in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • Non-limiting examples of methods for transforming cannabis plants and cannabis tissue culture methods are described in Zweger (The Biotechnology of Cannabis sativa, April 2009); MacKinnon (Genetic transformation of Cannabis sativa Linn: a multipurpose fiber crop, doctoral thesis, University of Dundee, Scotland, 2003), MacKinnon et al. (Progress towards transformation of fiber hemp, Scottish Crop Research, 2000), and US 20120311744, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • the transformation can be physical, chemical and/or biological.
  • the present disclosure teaches the genetic modification of Specialty Cannabis.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure comprise one or more transgenes, or DNA edits.
  • the present disclosure teaches transformation of plants (e.g., via agrobacterium, gene gun, or other delivery mechanism).
  • the present disclosure teaches gene editing with CRISPR, as disclosed in US Patent Nos 8,697,359, 9,790,490, and US Application No 15/482,603.
  • the present disclosure teaches cannabinoid compositions comprising hexyl butyrate.
  • the compositions of the present disclosure are completely derived from cannabis extractions (i.e., all components are derived from the cannabis plant).
  • the present disclosure teaches cannabinoid compositions in which only the active cannabinoid and terpene components must be derived from the cannabis plant.
  • the present disclosure teaches cannabinoid compositions in which one or more components are derived from sources other than the cannabis plant (e.g., from other organisms, or chemically synthesized).
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure can, in some embodiments, comprise cannabinoids produced via standard chemical, biochemical, or biocatalytic methods. Persons having skill in the art will be familiar with various synthesis methods, including those of U.S. 9,359,625 and Taura et al. 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 271, No. 21, p. 17411-17416.
  • the compositions of the present disclosure mimic the cannabinoid and Terpene Profiles of the Specialty Cannabis plants disclosed herein. That is, in some embodiments, the cannabinoid compositions comprise at least one cannabinoid and at least one terpene, wherein said at least one terpene comprises hexyl butyrate. Extractions methods designed to preserve cannabinoid and Terpene Profiles are disclosed in other sections of this application.
  • the present disclosure teaches methods of supplementing cannabis extracts with one or more cannabinoid or terpene to account for any losses of the compounds during the extraction process.
  • the present disclosure teaches the formulation of cannabis compositions from individual components (e.g., by mixing individual cannabinoid and terpene components obtained from the same or different sources).
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure are designed to mimic the organoleptic experience produced by the Specialty Cannabis.
  • the cannabis compositions of the present disclosure comprise at least one cannabinoid and at least one terpene, wherein said at least one terpene comprises hexyl butyrate.
  • the hexyl butyrate in the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure is present at organoleptically and/or pharmacologically relevant levels.
  • the present disclosure teaches that in order to be organoleptically relevant, the content of hexyl butyrate in cannabinoid compositions for inhalation must be greater than
  • the present disclosure teaches that in order to be pharmacologically relevant, the content of hexyl butyrate in cannabinoid compositions for inhalation must be greater than 0.00l%wt, 0.002%wt, 0.003%wt, 0.004%wt, 0.005%wt, 0.006%wt, 0.007%wt, 0.008%wt, 0.009%wt, 0.0l%wt, 0.02%wt, 0.03%wt, 0.04%wt, 0.06%wt, 0.08%wt, 0. l%wt, 0. l2%wt, 0. l4%wt, 0. l6%wt, 0. l%wt, 0. l2%wt, 0. l4%wt, 0. l6%wt, 0.
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 8
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 8
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 8
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 8
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 8
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 8
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise 0.00%-0.10%, 0.00%-0.20%, 0.00%-0.30%, 0.00%-3.00%, or 0.00%-9.00% CBC content by weight of the composition.
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%
  • the cannabinoid composition of the present disclosure comprise about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%
  • the cannabinoid composition of the present disclosure comprise more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%,
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure produce comprise about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%,
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure produce comprise more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%,
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%,
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise 3%-40%, 3%-30%, or 3%-65% CBCV content by weight of the composition.
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%,
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 8
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%
  • the present invention teaches cannabinoid compositions with novel Terpene Profiles.
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise organoleptically relevant contents of hexyl butyrate.
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present invention comprise an absolute content of any one of the 17 terpenes and hexyl butyrate in the Terpene Profile that is about 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 60%, 61%, 62%
  • the absolute content of any one of the terpenes is between about 0% and about 20%.
  • This paragraph is intended to be read as applying to any specific terpene(s) or volatiles in a Terpene Profile, such that the name of any one, two, or more of these terpenes or hexyl butyrate, as specifically referred to elsewhere herein (e.g., linalool) can replace the phrase“any one of the 17 terpenes in the Terpene Profile and hexyl butyrate.”
  • the absolute content of any one of the terpenes or hexyl butyrate is between about 1.0% and about 16%.
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present invention comprise an absolute content of any one of the 17 terpenes and hexyl butyrate in the Terpene Profile that is more than about 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%,
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%,
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise more than about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present invention comprise aboutl%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 8
  • the essential oil content of the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure are between about 0.5% and about 10% by weight. In other embodiments the essential oil contents of the cannabinoid compositions of the present invention is between about 1.0% and about 30% by weight.
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present invention comprise greater than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%,
  • the terpene content of the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure are described in relative terms as a % composition of the total Terpene Profile.
  • a cannabinoid composition with 1.2% absolute terpinolene content and 1.2% hexyl butyrate content and no other terpenes in the Terpene Profile would said to have 50% terpinolene and 50% hexyl butyrate relative content.
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise a relative content of any one of the 18 compounds in the Terpene Profile that is greater than or less than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise a relative hexyl butyrate content of more than 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%
  • additional components are optionally added to the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure to improve the taste and/or physical properties of the composition (such as stability, viscosity, appearance of smoke as it is inhaled, etc.).
  • additional components include, but are not limited to, sweeteners, natural flavorants, artificial flavorants, colorants, antioxidants, preservatives, chelating agents, viscomodulators, tonicifiers, odorants, opacifiers, suspending agents, binders, thickeners, carriers and mixtures thereof, including, but not limited to, xanthum gum, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, starches, dextrins, maltodextrins, other polyols (including sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol, lactitol or mannitol), carbohydrates (e.g., lactose), propylene glycol alginate, gellan gum,
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise one or more medium chain length triglycerides (MCTs).
  • MCTs are triglycerides whose fatty acids have an aliphatic tail of 6-12 carbon atoms.
  • the MCT is one or more of caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable sources of MCTs are known to those skilled in the art, and include, for example, coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise one or more polyesterdiols.
  • the polyesterdiol may be a linear two to ten units polymer (also referred to as (ester)2-10 glycol), that is derived from natural or non-natural sources such as vegetables, fruits, bacteria, yeast, algae, or manufactured by chemical processes.
  • the polyesterdiol is 1) a polypropylene glycol such as: dipropylene glycol; tripropylene glycol, including tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- and decapropylene glycol and other derivatives thereof; 2) a polybutylene glycol such as: dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol, including tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona- and decabutylene glycol, and other derivatives thereof; 3) also including 2- 10 unit polymers of rare organic ester types such as pentylene, octylene, terpentylene, nonylene, linalylene, isoamylene, isobutylene, geranylene, bornylene, benzylene and allylene, caprylylene, such as, for example,
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprise a linear polyesterdiol selected from the group consisting of: (ethylene)3-10 glycol; (propylene)2-10 glycol; (butylene)2-10 glycol; (pentylene)2-10 glycol; (octylene)2-10 glycol; (terpentylene)2-10 glycol; (nonylene)2-10 glycol; (linalylene)2-10 glycol; (isoamylene)2-10 glycol; (isobutylene)2- 10 glycol; (geranylene)2-10 glycol; (bornylene)2-10 glycol; (benzylene)2-10 glycol; (allylene)2- 10 glycol; and (caprylylene)2-10 glycol; acid or sugar conjugates thereof, and ester or ether or alcohol derivatives thereof.
  • a linear polyesterdiol selected from the group consisting of: (ethylene)3-10 glycol; (propylene)2-10 glycol; (butylene)2-10 glycol; (
  • the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure comprises a carrier selected from the group consisting of: triethylene glycol; tetraethyleneglycol, pentaethylenglycol, hexaethyleneglycol, heptaethyleneglycol, octaethyleneglycol, nonaethylenglycol; decaethylene glycol; dipropylene glycol; tripropylene glycol; tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, heptapropylene glycol, octapropylene glycol, nonapropylene glycol; decapropylene glycol; dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol; tetrabutylene glycol, pentabutylene glycol, hexabutylene glycol, heptabutylene glycol, octabutylene glycol, nonabutylene glycol,
  • the carrier is selected from the group consisting of borneol, camphor, l,8-Cineole, citral, geraniol, indomethacin, limonene, linalool, linalyl acetate, b- myrcene, myrcenol, l-menthol, menthone, neomenthol, nerol, nerolidol, a-pinene, peppermint oil, pulegone, phytol, terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, thymohydroquinone, thymol, and thymoquinone
  • compositions of the present disclosure comprise one or more of propylene glycol, glycerine, vegetable glycerine, and/or water.
  • the present disclosure provides for extracts from Specialty Cannabis plants.
  • Cannabis extracts or products or the present disclosure include:
  • Kief- refers to trichomes collected from cannabis.
  • the trichomes of cannabis are the areas of cannabinoid and terpene accumulation. Kief can be gathered from containers where cannabis flowers have been handled. It can be obtained from mechanical separation of the trichomes from inflorescence tissue through methods such as grinding flowers, or collecting and sifting through dust after manicuring or handling cannabis. Kief can be pressed into hashish for convenience or storage.
  • Hash- sometimes known as hashish, is often composed of preparations of cannabis trichomes. Hash pressed from kief is often solid.
  • Bubble Hash- sometimes called bubble melt hash can take on paste-like properties with varying hardness and pliability. Bubble hash is usually made via water separation in which cannabis material is placed in a cold water bath and stirred for a long time (around 1 hour). Once the mixture settles it can be sifted to collect the hash.
  • Budder or Wax is produced through isopropyl extraction of cannabis.
  • the resulting substance is a wax like golden brown paste.
  • Another common extraction solvent for creating cannabis oil is C02. Persons having skill in the art will be familiar with C02 extraction techniques and devices, including those disclosed in US 20160279183, US 2015/01505455, US 9,730,911, and US 2018/0000857.
  • Tinctures- are alcoholic extracts of cannabis. These are usually made by mixing cannabis material with high proof ethanol and separating out plant material.
  • E-juice- are cannabis extracts dissolved in either propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, or a combination of both. Some E-juice formulations will also include polyethylene glycol and flavorings. E-juice tends to be less viscous than solvent reduced oils and is commonly consumed on e-cigarettes or pen vaporizers.
  • Rick Simpson Oil ethanol extractions
  • Rick Simpson Oil are extracts produced by contacting cannabis with ethanol and later evaporating the vast majority of ethanol away to create a cannabinoid paste.
  • the extract produced from contacting the cannabis with ethanol is heated so as to decarboxylate the extract.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present invention is extracted via methods that preserve the cannabinoid and terpenes. In other embodiments, said methods can be used with any cannabis plants.
  • the extracts of the present invention are designed to produce products for human or animal consumption via inhalation (via combustion, vaporization and nebulization), buccal absorption within the mouth, oral administration, and topical application delivery methods.
  • the present invention teaches an optimized method at which we extract compounds of interest, by extracting at the point when the drying harvested plant has reached 15% water weight, which minimizes the loss of terpenes and plant volatiles of interest. Stems are typically still‘cool’ and‘rubbery’ from evaporation taking place.
  • the chemical extraction of Specialty Cannabis can be accomplished employing polar and non-polar solvents in various phases at varying pressures and temperatures to selectively or comprehensively extract terpenes, cannabinoids and other compounds of flavor, fragrance or pharmacological value for use individually or combination in the formulation of our products.
  • the extractions can be shaped and formed into single or multiple dose packages, e.g., dabs, pellets and loads.
  • the solvents employed for selective extraction of our cultivars may include water, carbon dioxide, l,l,l,2-tetrafluoroethane, butane, propane, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, hexane, and limonene, in combination or series.
  • the chemical and mechanical extraction methods of the present invention can be used to produce products that combine chemical extractions with plant parts containing compounds of interest.
  • the extracts of the present invention may also be combined with pure compounds of interest to the extractions, e.g. cannabinoids or terpenes to further enhance or modify the resulting formulation’s fragrance, flavor or pharmacology.
  • the extractions are supplemented with terpenes or cannabinoids to adjust for any loss of those compounds during extraction processes.
  • the cannabis extracts of the present invention mimic the chemistry of the cannabis flower material.
  • the cannabis extracts of the present invention will about the same cannabinoid and Terpene Profile of the dried flowers of the Specialty Cannabis of the present invention.
  • Extracts of the present invention can be used for vaporization, production of e-juice or tincture for e-cigarettes, or for the production of other consumable products such as edibles or topical spreads.
  • Cannabis edibles such as candy, brownies, and other foods are a popular method of consuming cannabis for medicinal and recreational purposes.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure and/or the cannabinoid compositions of the present disclosure can be used to make cannabis edibles.
  • Most cannabis edible recipes begin with the extraction of cannabinoids and terpenes, which are then used as an ingredient in various edible recipes.
  • the cannabis extract used to make edibles out of the Specialty Cannabis of the present invention is cannabis butter.
  • Cannabis butter is made by melting butter in a container with cannabis and letting it simmer for about half an hour, or until the butter turns green. The butter is then chilled and used in normal recipes.
  • Other extraction methods for edibles include extraction into cooking oil, milk, cream, flour (grinding cannabis and blending with flour for baking). Lipid rich extraction mediums/edibles are believed to facilitate absorption of cannabinoids into the blood stream. THC absorbed by the body is converted by the liver into 11-hydroxy-THC.
  • the present disclosure teaches edibles produced from the Specialty Cannabis and/or cannabinoid compositions disclosed herein.
  • Plant inflorescence samples were prepared by grinding ⁇ 5 g of dried cannabis flower material in a coffee grinder. From this homogenized material, 1000 ⁇ 20 mg was placed in a 50mL falcon tube with ⁇ 1 g of 2 mm beads and 15 mL of working solution. Each sample was placed in the bead beater (1600 MiniG from Spex Sample Prep) and homogenized on high for 6 minutes. Then approximately 2mL of each sample were transferred to 2 mL centrifuge vials and centrifuged at 10,000 g for 5 minutes. For samples suspected of having higher or lower concentrations of analytes the mass to volume ratio of the extraction could be adjusted. The neat sample was placed in a GC vial for volatile analysis without dilution.
  • the instrumentation includes a Clarus 680 gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an autosampler, an Elite-5 column (Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA), 30 m length, 0.25 mm internal diameter, 0.25 pm thickness film diameter) and a flame ionization detector (FID). Instrument control and data acquisition and analyses was accomplished by TotalChrom software version 1.2.3.4 (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA). The separation was a modified version of that in Giese et al. JAOAC 2015. Briefly, hydrogen was used as a carrier gas at 2.90 mL/min with a 20: 1 split ratio.
  • the separation ramp started at 60 °C up to 80 °C at 3 °C /min, from which it ramped up to 120 °C at 15 °C/min. It then went up to 155 °C at 7 °C/min and finally it went up to 300 °C at 55.5 °C/min with a 3 min hold at the end.
  • the injector temperature was 240 °C and the detector temperature was 280 °C. Hexyl butyrate retention time was 8.960 min (see Figure 7).
  • Calibration curves were generated by injecting each standard in triplicate and the RSDs provided the measure of precision while the absolute accuracy was determined by comparing the concentrations of the standards predicted by the calibration curve to their“known” values determined by dilution ratios.
  • AO AC International standards for accuracy and precision were used as quality guidelines for every calibration. Check standards were run at the start, middle, and end of every analysis, and recalibration was performed when they varied more than +/- 5% of their initial average response. Levels that failed the acceptance criteria and analytes were not quantified at those levels until recalibration of the instrument corrected the deficiency.
  • Cannabinoids were quantified by an analytical method developed and run on a Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA) GC-FID instrument as well. This method was developed to separate six neutral cannabinoids, CBD, CBG, CBN, THC, A8-THC, and CBC. The cannabinoids are each quantified by their own individual calibration curves generated with analytical reference standards (Restek) and all use tricosane as the internal standard. The retention time of THCV was determined by analyzing THV01 (vide infra) by GCMS, however since analytical standards were not available it was“quantified” by referencing the calibration curve for THC.
  • Restek analytical reference standards
  • the instrumentation includes a Clarus 680 gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an auto sampler, an Elite- 1 column (Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA), 30 m length, 0.25 mm internal diameter, 0.25 pm thickness film diameter) and a flame ionization detector (FID). Instrument control and data acquisition and analyses was accomplished by TotalChrom software version 1.2.3.4 (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA).
  • Calibration curves were generated by injecting each standard in triplicate and the RSDs provided the measure of precision while the absolute accuracy was determined by comparing the concentrations of the standards predicted by the calibration curve to their“known” values determined by dilution ratios.
  • AO AC International standards for accuracy and precision were used as quality guidelines for every calibration. Check standards were run at the start, middle, and end of every analysis, and recalibration was performed when they varied more than +/- 5% of their initial average response. Levels that failed the acceptance criteria and analytes were not quantified at those levels until recalibration of the instrument corrected the deficiency.
  • the GC-FID cannabinoid assay Due to the very linear nature of the FID detector, the GC-FID cannabinoid assay generally provided satisfactory results over nearly two orders of magnitude (up to 1.0 mg/mL), however in order to use the same calibration solutions and“validation” procedures for both GC and HPLC the range was reduced to that of the HPLC method.
  • a 1 :3 dilution provided quantitation of cannabinoid levels from 0.09-1.35% and the 1 :40 dilution from 1.15-18% in the plant matrix.
  • a 3x5mL extraction high oil samples, typical
  • a 1 :3 dilution provided quantitation of cannabinoid levels from 0.14-2.25% and the 1 :40 dilution from 1.9-30% in the plant matrix.
  • HPLC-PDA also known as HPLC-DAD, or simply HPLC
  • HPLC-DAD HPLC-DAD
  • This method quantifies six neutral cannabinoids (CBD, CBG, CBN, THC, A8-THC, and CBC) as well as the acid cannabinoids THCA, CBDA and CBGA amongst other acidic cannabinoids, based on calibration curves generated with analytical standards and an internal reference standard (ibuprofen).
  • HPLC analyses were performed using a Agilent 1290 System (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA).
  • the HPLC system comprised G4212A diode array detector, a G1316C temperature controlled column compartment, a G4226A auto sampler, and a G4204A quaternary pump. Separation of the cannabinoids was achieved on a Poroshell 120 EC- Cl 8 column (2.7 m, l50mm x 2. lmm i.d., PN 693775-902) with a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 guard column (2.7 m, 5mm x 2.
  • Calibration was achieved by performing a five-point calibration curve (0.016 - 0.25mg/mL for each analyte) followed by linear regression analysis. This analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel (Redmond, WA) software. The calibration curves were generated by injecting each standard in triplicate and the RSDs provided the measure of precision while the absolute accuracy was determined by comparing the concentrations of the standards predicted by the calibration curve to their“known” values determined by dilution ratios. AOAC International standards for accuracy and precision were used as quality guidelines for every calibration. Check standards were run at the start, middle, and end of every analysis, and recalibration was performed when they varied more than +/- 5% of their initial average response.
  • the application of heat causes a loss of the carboxylic acid group and generates the neutral forms of the cannabinoids, which are generally the bioactive forms that are sought after, however this process is highly variable and not quantitative. If one wants to know the native phytochemical profile of the plant then HPLC should be used since this assay does not involve heat. If one wants to know the possible available amount of bioactive cannabinoids, then GC should be used since conversion to these forms in the injector of the GC is an inherent part of the analytical method.
  • the second reason is also related to the difference between the acidic and neutral cannabinoids, but has to do with the availability of analytical standards to calibrate the instruments. While all of the neutral cannabinoids (THC, CBG, CBC, CBD, and CBN) are available as analytical standards, THCA is the only acidic cannabinoid available as an analytical standard and the instruments were only calibrated for quantification using actual analytical standards. Technically the HPLC assay could characterize the naturally occurring chemotypes, but the acidic analytes are not available as standards, so this quantification is approximate and considered for information only.
  • the acidic analytes are all quantified by reference to the calibration curve for THCA, and this is not an unreasonable assumption as many of them have approximately the same spectral properties.
  • the GC assay is calibrated with analytical standards, but these are the neutral cannabinoids and their formation from the naturally occurring acidic cannabinoids in the GC injector is not quantitative, which complicates exact characterization of the naturally occurring chemotype.
  • Method validation is important in establishing that a method is fit for its intended purpose, providing assurance that the results that are reported are precise, accurate, and reflective of the sample.
  • Very few labs in the cannabis industry attempt to validate their assays and this fact, combined with inappropriate sampling have resulted in erroneous data for several varieties.
  • SLV Single Laboratory Validation
  • the analyte RSDs, recoveries, and precisions at these concentrations satisfied AO AC guidance (based on mg/mL).
  • the RSDs for the terpenes at the low, medium, and high concentrations (varied by terpene but generally 0.016, 0.125, and 1.0 mg/mL) were less than 5%, 4%, and 3% respectively.
  • the absolute bias for these analytes was generally less than 10%, 4%, and 2%.
  • the RSDs for the cannabinoids by both GC and HPLC at the low, medium, and high concentrations were less than 2%, 2%, and 1% respectively.
  • the absolute bias for these analytes was generally less than 10%, 2%, and 2%.
  • Example 2 Volunteer trials using hexyl butyrate enhanced cannabis. Organoleptically relevant levels of hexyl butyrate (PROPHETIC).
  • the volunteer trial for hexyl butyrate will be conducted over 2 weeks. Volunteers will be split into six groups (1-6). Each volunteer in the group will be given two samples (a control and a comparator blend). In this trial, the control comparator blends will be prepared to contain nearly identical levels of a cannabinoid (e.g. THC, and/or CBD), but each week the comparator will be formulated so as to include different levels of hexyl butyrate (e.g., either 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, or 2.0% hexyl butyrate added in).
  • a cannabinoid e.g. THC, and/or CBD
  • Example 3 Volunteer trials using hexyl butyrate enhanced cannabis. Organoleptically relevant levels of hexyl butyrate (PROPHETIC).
  • Volunteer comparison trials will be conducted to determine the effect of increased hexyl butyrate content in cannabis compositions. Volunteer trials will be conducted in similar fashion to those of Example 2.
  • each volunteer in the group will be given two composition samples (a control and a comparator blend).
  • the samples will be provided in single-use e-cigarettes or in tinctures or other formulations designed to be vaporized or administered to the mucosa/swallowed, respectively.
  • the control comparator blends will be prepared to contain nearly identical levels of a cannabinoid (e.g. THC, and/or CBD), but each week the comparator will be formulated so as to include different levels of hexyl butyrate (e.g., either 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, or 2.0% hexyl butyrate added in).
  • One objective of the inventions of the present disclosure was to develop cannabis varieties accumulating organoleptically and/or pharmacologically relevant levels of hexyl butyrate.
  • the goal was to create cannabis varieties with novel smell and flavor profiles through the increase of hexyl butyrate contents in various cannabis genetic and chemical profile backgrounds. This goal was achieved through a multi-pronged cannabis breeding program that utilized existing public and proprietary cannabis lines to produce novel cannabis germplasms exhibiting high levels hexyl butyrate across varied genetic and phenotypic backgrounds.
  • the cannabinoid and volatile compound profiles of each parental variety was determined using HPLC and GC-FID, respectively, as described in Example 1 of this application.
  • the resulting measurements of initial parental lines GLD02, YLW03, YLW05 CBD05, BLU04, JAD21, and SLV08 are provided in Tables 4 and 5.
  • Tables 4 and 5 also report on the cannabinoid and volatile compound contents of subsequent filial generations generated during each breeding scheme that were used as parents for the final progeny lines.
  • Table 4 Cannabinoid Contents of Hexyl Butyrate Parental Lines (HPLC)
  • One objective of the inventions of the present disclosure was to develop cannabis varieties accumulating organoleptically and/or pharmacologically relevant levels of hexyl butyrate.
  • the goal was to create cannabis varieties with novel smell and flavor profiles through the increase of hexyl butyrate contents in various cannabis genetic and chemical profile backgrounds.
  • the Specialty Cannabis varieties of the present invention were additionally selected for their ability to produce terpenes that are appealing to patients and that may also provide a pharmacological activity that modifies, enhances or ameliorates the effects of the cannabinoids and hexyl butyrate.
  • a secondary objective of the breeding programs of the present disclosure was to produce plants with high volatile oil content and diverse Terpene Profiles.
  • Figures 3-6 depict the breeding schemes for four exemplary independently produced high hexyl butyrate cannabis lines of the present disclosure.
  • the breeding schemes of Figures 3-6 were designed to increase hexyl butyrate production in a variety of genetic backgrounds, exemplifying different cannabinoid and Terpene Profiles.
  • F2 seed can further be grown to produce F2 progeny. Selection for desirable phenotypes and/or genotypes can be conducted within the F1, F2, or subsequent progeny since the selections can be maintained (i.e., fixed) via asexual reproduction. In some embodiments, the F2 progeny fixed via asexual reproduction will be used as the biological deposit.
  • the F2 progeny can be crossed among themselves to produce a bulked F3 population from which desired progeny can be selected and/or further generations of crossing can be conducted. Again, selected F2 progeny can be maintained (i.e., fixed) via asexual reproduction. In another embodiment, the resultant F1 progeny can be backcrossed to high hexyl butyrate parent or another plant with desirable Terpene Profiles.
  • selected lines can be chosen so as to have a total hexyl butyrate content of > 0.1%, > 0.2%, > 0.3%, > 0.4%,> 0.5%, > 0.6%.
  • the selected lines are bred to produce desirable aroma and flavor profiles, including diverse terpene combinations.
  • the lines can also be further selected for a specific content of certain other cannabinoids and/or of certain terpenes/terpenoids, and/or for additional phenotypic and genotypic characteristics.
  • Desirable phenotypic characteristics include but are not limited to larger plant size (i.e., greater bulk or biomass), higher production of flower buds, larger flowers, more trichomes, shorter plant stature, ability to tolerate lower and/or higher growing temperatures, greater germination percentage, greater seedling vigor, more efficient water usage, disease resistance, pest resistance, and other desirable agronomic and production traits.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure are selected for indoor growth.
  • the Specialty Cannabis of the present disclosure are bred to exhibit compact plant phenotypes, axillary inflorescence production, synchronized flowering, or auto flowering phenotype, among others.
  • axillary inflorescence production synchronized flowering
  • auto flowering phenotype among others.
  • diseases and pests of importance to cannabis production see Clarke et al. (2000) Hemp Diseases and Pests: Management and Biological Control: An Advanced Treatise (CABI Publishing).
  • progeny resulting from any selection stage of either the crosses described in Figures 3-6, or any of the described selfing, sib crosses, or backcrossing versions of the breeding regimes of the present invention can be asexually reproduced so as to fix and maintain the desirable features, including hexyl butyrate content and terpene content (i.e., the aroma and flavor(s) typical of the desired class), and the other desirable phenotypic and/or genotypic characteristics.
  • the resultant selected lines will be designated as Specialty Cannabis Varieties.
  • the resultant Specialty Cannabis plants of the present invention also generally have more terpene essential oil content per plant than contemporary marijuana varieties. More essential oil per plant means less plant matter is required per treatment/administration, thereby also further minimizing any health risks for medical and recreational cannabis smokers. This would also further increase production efficiency.
  • Example 7 Chemical Analysis of Specialty Cannabis
  • Example 6 The new Specialty Cannabis varieties created through crosses as described in Example 6 were subjected to cannabinoid and volatile (terpene and hexyl butyrate) chemical analysis as described in Example 1.
  • the resulting breeding schemes of Example 6 produced four separate families or lines of high hexyl butyrate cannabis germplasm (B4.P26, 106.B4, 740815, and X37G2C05).
  • the level of cannabinoids for each of the high hexyl butyrate cannabis germplasm was measured by HPLC, and is presented across Tables 7-10.
  • Terpenes and other volatiles i.e.
  • Specialty Cannabis varieties created through the methods described in this specification are disclosed.
  • the following named Specialty Cannabis were derived from the high hexyl butyrate varieties disclosed in this specification, and were selected for their unique predicted physiological and organoleptic experiences. Each selected line was named prior to being submitted for competition in the 2017 Emerald Cup.
  • the cannabinoid and Terpene Profiles for the Named Specialty Cannabis lines were measured as described in Example 1.
  • the level of cannabinoids for each of the high CBG lines was measured by HPLC, and is presented in Table 15.
  • Terpenes were measured using GC-FID, and are presented as absolute content measurements based on the percent content by weight of dry inflorescences in Table 16.
  • Named Specialty Cannabis lines were previously disclosed in U.S. 62/596,561, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • Named Specialty Cannabis“Primo Cherry” was derived from the B4.P26 family of Figure 3.
  • Seeds from these deposits were also grown for analysis.
  • a representative number of plant from these deposited lines will be grown and analyzed according to the methods of Example 1. The results will show that the deposited lines exhibit high hexyl butyrate contents across a diverse set of terpene and cannabinoid profiles. Cannabinoid and terpene contents will be provided.
  • Cannabinoid containing fractions will be decarboxylated at high temperatures (175 C) for a period of about 90 minutes. In addition to decarboxylating, this process also allows for water removal from samples prior to winterization. In the winterization process, the two cannabinoid fractions will be pooled and incubated with ethanol at -20 C for a period of at least 24 hours for proper separation of fats and waxes. After incubation, samples will be filtered to remove solidified material.
  • Cannabis Varieties is maintained by the Biotech Institute, LLC 5655 Lindero Canyon Road, Suite 226, Westlake Village, CA 91362.
  • WP010810-B4.P26.36.03 was then selfed to bulk seed for deposit NCIMB 43265, which was completed on November 9, 2018.
  • 51.60.16 was selfed to bulk seed for deposit NCIMB 43254, which was completed on November 9, 2018.
  • Line 74.08.15. Sl was further crossed to 51.60.16 to bulk up seed for deposit NCIMB 43253, which was completed on November 9, 2018.
  • VOC volatile oil content
  • the contents of all cannabinoids are measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence
  • the volatile oil content is the additive content of terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate as measured by Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • GC-FID Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection
  • a terpene producing, diploid cannabis hemp plant cell from a female inflorescence (i) a cannabis hemp plant, (ii) an asexual clone of the plant, or (iii) a part of the plant, wherein said cannabis hemp plant, asexual clone of the plant or part of the plant produces the female inflorescence, said inflorescence comprising:
  • VOC volatile oil content
  • the contents of all cannabinoids are measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence
  • the volatile oil content is the additive content of terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate as measured by Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence; wherein samples of seed that produce plants comprising a), b) and c) have been deposited under NCIMB Nos. 43253, 43254, and 43265.
  • a dry sinsemilla cannabis inflorescence comprising:
  • VOC volatile oil content
  • the contents of all cannabinoids are measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence
  • the volatile oil content is the additive content of terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate as measured by Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence; wherein samples of seed that produce plants comprising a), b), and c) are obtainable from seed deposited under NCIMB Nos. 43253, 43254, and 43265
  • CBD max cannabidiol
  • the inflorescence comprises a propyl cannabinoid max content that is at least 5.0% by weight.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene
  • the inflorescence comprises a volatile profile in which myrcene is the first or second most abundant volatile in the volatile profile; wherein the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol,
  • a method of breeding cannabis plants with organoleptically relevant quantities of hexyl butyrate comprising:
  • the resulting selected cannabis plant is comprises a hexyl butyrate content of at least 0.1% by weight.
  • a method of producing cannabis plants cannabis plants with organoleptically relevant quantities of hexyl butyrate comprising:
  • the resulting selected cannabis plant is comprises a hexyl butyrate content of at least 0.1% by weight.
  • a method of producing a cannabis extract comprising the steps of:
  • a dry, non viable sinsemilla cannabis inflorescence comprising:
  • VOC volatile oil content
  • the contents of all cannabinoids are measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence
  • the volatile oil content is the additive content of terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate as measured by Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and calculated based on dry weight of the inflorescence.
  • GC-FID Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpin
  • a cannabinoid composition comprising:
  • VOC volatile oil content
  • the contents of all cannabinoids are measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and calculated based on weight of the composition, and wherein the volatile oil content is the additive content of terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pinene, fenchol, camphene, alpha terpineol, alpha humulene, beta caryophyllene, linalool, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, and hexyl butyrate as measured by Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and calculated based on dry weight of the composition.
  • GC-FID Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection
  • composition 111 The cannabinoid composition of any one of embodiment 102, wherein the first or second most abundant volatile in the volatile profile is beta pinene.
  • the cannabinoid composition of any one of embodiment 102, wherein the first or second most abundant volatile in the volatile profile is fenchol. 113.
  • the cannabinoid composition of any one of embodiment 102, wherein the first or second most abundant volatile in the volatile profile is camphene.
  • the volatile profile is defined as terpinolene, alpha phellandrene, beta ocimene, carene, limonene, gamma terpinene, alpha pinene, alpha terpinene, beta pin

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des compositions et des procédés de sélection, de production, de traitement et d'utilisation de cannabis spécialisé. L'invention concerne également des compositions cannabinoïdes et des utilisations de celles-ci.
PCT/US2018/064745 2017-12-08 2018-12-10 Plantes spécialisées et compositions de cannabinoïdes comprenant du butyrate d'hexyle Ceased WO2019113582A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762596561P 2017-12-08 2017-12-08
US62/596,561 2017-12-08
US201862719829P 2018-08-20 2018-08-20
US62/719,829 2018-08-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019113582A1 true WO2019113582A1 (fr) 2019-06-13

Family

ID=66751195

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2018/064745 Ceased WO2019113582A1 (fr) 2017-12-08 2018-12-10 Plantes spécialisées et compositions de cannabinoïdes comprenant du butyrate d'hexyle

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2019113582A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020093103A1 (fr) * 2018-11-09 2020-05-14 Agriculture Victoria Services Pty Ltd Plantes de cannabis dotées d'un profil de cannabinoïdes enrichi en δ-9-tétrahydrocannabinol et en cannabigérol

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140298511A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-10-02 Biotech Institute, Llc Breeding, production, processing and use of medical cannabis
WO2015065544A1 (fr) * 2013-10-29 2015-05-07 Biotech Institute, Llc Sélection, production, traitement et utilisation de cannabis spécial
US20160376263A1 (en) * 2016-07-26 2016-12-29 Senomyx, Inc. Bitter taste modifiers including substituted 1-benzyl-3-(1-(isoxazol-4-ylmethyl)-1h-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazolidine-2,4-diones and compositions thereof
US20170202170A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-07-20 Biotech Institute LLC Breeding, production, processing and use of specialty cannabis

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140298511A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-10-02 Biotech Institute, Llc Breeding, production, processing and use of medical cannabis
US20170202170A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-07-20 Biotech Institute LLC Breeding, production, processing and use of specialty cannabis
WO2015065544A1 (fr) * 2013-10-29 2015-05-07 Biotech Institute, Llc Sélection, production, traitement et utilisation de cannabis spécial
US20160376263A1 (en) * 2016-07-26 2016-12-29 Senomyx, Inc. Bitter taste modifiers including substituted 1-benzyl-3-(1-(isoxazol-4-ylmethyl)-1h-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazolidine-2,4-diones and compositions thereof

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020093103A1 (fr) * 2018-11-09 2020-05-14 Agriculture Victoria Services Pty Ltd Plantes de cannabis dotées d'un profil de cannabinoïdes enrichi en δ-9-tétrahydrocannabinol et en cannabigérol
WO2020093102A1 (fr) * 2018-11-09 2020-05-14 Agriculture Victoria Services Pty Ltd Plants de cannabis ayant un profil cannabïnoide enrichi pour le cannabidiol et le δ-9-t2trahydrocannabinol
WO2020093101A1 (fr) * 2018-11-09 2020-05-14 Agriculture Victoria Services Pty Ltd Plantes à profil cannabinoïde enrichi en cannabidiol
WO2020093104A1 (fr) * 2018-11-09 2020-05-14 Agriculture Victoria Services Pty Ltd Plantes de cannabis dotées d'un profil de cannabinoïdes enrichi en δ-9-tétrahydrocannabinol, en cannabigérol et en tétrahydrocannabivarine

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20250169410A1 (en) Breeding, production, processing and use of specialty cannabis
CA3085007C (fr) Plants de cannabis a teneur elevee en cannabigerol, leurs procedes de production et leurs procedes d'utilisation
EP3552482B1 (fr) Sélection, production, traitement et utilisation de cannabis spécial
US20210045311A1 (en) Propyl cannabinoid hemp plants, methods of producing and methods of using them
EP3720275A1 (fr) Plantes de chanvre cannabinoïde à groupe propyle, procédés de production et procédés d'utilisation de celles-ci
WO2019113582A1 (fr) Plantes spécialisées et compositions de cannabinoïdes comprenant du butyrate d'hexyle
US20230087919A1 (en) Cannabis Hybrid Varieties and Parent Lines
US20230255159A1 (en) Varin profiles
US20200329658A1 (en) Hemp Variety NBS CBD-1
US20240341254A1 (en) Varin profiles

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18887043

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18887043

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1