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WO2019108139A1 - Appareil et procédé de désintégration du tube de production dans le trou de forage - Google Patents

Appareil et procédé de désintégration du tube de production dans le trou de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019108139A1
WO2019108139A1 PCT/SK2018/050014 SK2018050014W WO2019108139A1 WO 2019108139 A1 WO2019108139 A1 WO 2019108139A1 SK 2018050014 W SK2018050014 W SK 2018050014W WO 2019108139 A1 WO2019108139 A1 WO 2019108139A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
production pipe
borehole
equipment
plasma
nozzle system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SK2018/050014
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gabriel Horvath
Marek KUCERA
Lukas Dvonc
Ivan Kocis
Zsolt Szalay
Frantisek SIMO
Peter BENOVSKY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GA Drilling AS
Original Assignee
GA Drilling AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GA Drilling AS filed Critical GA Drilling AS
Priority to US16/762,217 priority Critical patent/US20200355036A1/en
Priority to EP18836545.6A priority patent/EP3717734A1/fr
Publication of WO2019108139A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019108139A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
    • E21B29/02—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground by explosives or by thermal or chemical means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/134—Bridging plugs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to equipment for removing a production pipe in the borehole and a method for removing the production pipe in the borehole.
  • Decommissioning is a term used to disable the installation / platform (which is the construction from which extraction is being carried out) from operation, which requires safe sealing of the hole on the earth’s surface and the disposal of equipment used for offshore oil extraction. Decommissioning is a rapidly evolving market sector in the petroleum industry, which has great potential for development but also carries great risks. The decommissioning process needs to be well understood if it needs to be managed with efficient spending of funds.
  • Plug & Abandonment (hereinafter only P & A) is the closure and permanent insulation of the borehole.
  • P & A Plug & Abandonment
  • a series of cement plugs / seals is placed in the borehole, with a test to confirm the isolation function of these cement plugs at each level.
  • P & A consists of several steps: removing the production pipe from the borehole, from filling / sealing of the borehole, and finally removing the infrastructure above the earth’s surface, or on the bottom of the sea.
  • the task of P & A is to create a barrier to prevent leakage of hydrocarbons to the earth's surface.
  • the height of such a barrier is given by local legislation, for example, in the British North Sea, at least 100 feet (approx. 30 meters) of the continuous layer of concrete impeding the axial and radial flow of hydrocarbons is stated as usual requirement in practice. Hydrocarbons could escape to the earth's surface along the original sheeting, respectively concrete. Therefore, it is necessary to precisely carry out the shutdown of the borehole.
  • the borehole closure consists, using conventional mechanical methods, of the following steps:
  • BOP Blowout preventer
  • BOP is of critical importance for the safety of the operators of the drilling rig, drilling accessories and the borehole itself.
  • production tree is used, which is the name for a set of valves, spools and fittings connected with the top part of the borehole to operate and control the flow of fluids originating in the borehole. Production tree is used only during production, not used during drilling.
  • the most time-consuming step in the decommissioning process are initiating operations, i.e. installing the necessary infrastructure, removing the production tree and installing the BOP, removing the production pipe and milling the sheeting. These operations bring the most potential complications.
  • CBL cement bond log
  • PWC Perforate & Wash & Cement
  • a conventional method based on the use of a hydraulically operated tool - milling cutter is currently being developed by the company Deltide Energy Services, LLC in the document WO2016085899 Al. It is a mechanical milling tool (called Medusa), which, in addition to the standard axial movement, is able to change its position even in the radial direction, thus achieving removing material also from misaligned production pipes.
  • Medusa a mechanical milling tool
  • the document GB2532609A discloses in more detail fuels into rocket motors as carrier / explosive material that provide detonation and the necessary heat and kinetic energy to remove materials.
  • the presence of oxygen improves the detonation mechanism.
  • the main used mechanism is the combustion process and the subsequent detonation.
  • the company Interwell Technology AS deals with an alternative based on exothermic chemical reactions, e.g. explosion, e.g. in the document WO2013135583A2.
  • the mechanism of removing the production pipe is the melting of the material using the heat-generating mixture of thermite. The process runs spontaneously, it cannot be controlled after initialization. The borehole is permanently closed by solidification of the melt.
  • the technology is based on combustible / fuel pellets that are built into the cylindrical body of the cutter. After an electrical ignition of combustible / fuel, the hot liquid environment expands, and a high-speed and high-temperature flow is generated through the outflow nozzles placed in one plane around the circumference.
  • the aforementioned technology is used for cutting, and it is a process that is only performed once (as the amount of explosive in the cutter body is limited). It is not a continuous process.
  • Another alternative direction to the conventional method of mechanical milling is the use of a laser described e.g. in the patent AU2015203686 of the company Halliburton Energy Services Inc.
  • the laser beam that is fed into the space can be directed to the selected position and positioned in the immediate vicinity. In the set position, the laser beam gradually cuts the production pipe material and sheeting up to the rock material.
  • the technology of plasma cutting of metallic materials under atmospheric conditions is made by the so-called plasma cutter.
  • Plasma cutters use a flow of gaseous media for their activity, thus being dependent on the physicochemical properties of this medium.
  • Stripper is equipment which ensures the primarily operational sealing between pressurized fluids in the borehole and the surface environment, and thus provides dynamic sealing around the“coiled tubing” during operation. By this, it offers borehole control capabilities beyond those that are possible with conventional drilling pipeline, and thus allows also drilling so-called “underbalanced boreholes”, where the pressure is less than optimal.
  • the injector head provides a driving force for inserting and removing coiled tubing from the borehole.
  • An important advantage of coiled tubing is the significantly lower cost of purchasing or renting in comparison with a conventional rotary drilling rig.
  • the solution of the present invention eliminates the shortcomings of the solutions known up to now.
  • the equipment is connected to an electrical power supply, a coolant supply, a liquid precursor supply, data cable and control unit, which are connected to the equipment on the top side of the equipment (i.e. from the side of the borehole surface).
  • the invention relates to equipment for removing a production pipe in the borehole and a method for removing the production pipe in the borehole.
  • the equipment can also be classified as a milling head that is part of the“Bottom Hole Assembly” (hereinafter only BHA).
  • BHA is that part of the drilling rig that runs into the borehole and allows adjusting the necessary inputs for the milling head directly above the milling point.
  • the invention addresses the removal of the production pipe by means of an electric arc nozzle rotating in a liquid environment in the presence of a plasma-forming medium, preferably a mixture of supercritical water and supercritical oxygen. Removing the production pipe is made without direct contact of the equipment with the pipeline, which results in elimination of undesirable degradation of the material of the milling tools and elimination of the necessity to exchange the milling tools during the process of removing the production pipe.
  • a plasma-forming medium preferably a mixture of supercritical water and supercritical oxygen
  • the equipment can make a hole in the production pipeline, through which CBL measurement can be made.
  • the equipment for removing the production pipe in the borehole is placed in a contactless manner inside the production pipe and comprises a liquid presursor supply which enters the plasma-forming medium generator, and the plasma-forming medium generator is connected to the nozzle system inlet connected to the nozzle system, while the nozzle system is placed in the space between two cylindrical mechanically movable electrodes, an upper electrode and a lower electrode.
  • the upper electrode and the lower electrode are placed axially with respect to each other around the circumference of the equipment and are coaxially placed towards the production pipe. Both electrodes are connected to a standard motion mechanism that allows independent movement of electrodes.
  • In the axis of electrodes around the nozzle system inlet there is at least one magnet placed.
  • the magnet may be placed below the nozzle system, above the nozzle system, or simultaneously under as well as above the nozzle system.
  • the magnet is a permanent magnet or electromagnet.
  • the equipment is inserted into the production pipe in the borehole, whereby its diameter is in the cross-section adjusted to the cross-section of the production pipe so that there is free space between the equipment and the production pipe and the equipment does not touch the production pipe.
  • the equipment is placed in the production pipe in a contactless manner, but in the case of a large length of the equipment, one or more centralizers are placed on the equipment, which are in a mechanical contact with the production pipe.
  • the equipment is mechanically connected with the remaining part of the BHA and is in a standard manner connected by means of interconnection units with the electrical power supply, coolant supply, liquid precursor supply, data cable and control unit.
  • the plasma-forming medium generator consists of at least one chamber, or several interconnected chambers, each chamber having at least one inlet and one outlet. In the case of multiple chambers, these are arranged in series, in parallel or in a combination of these methods. There are three possibilities of content of chamber, namely:
  • the first electrode being at a negative electrical potential and the second electrode being at a positive electrical potential
  • the resistance wire or the chamber is surrounded by the resistance wire.
  • At least one generator chamber contains at least one pair of electrodes, the first electrode being at a negative electrical potential and the second electrode being at a positive electrical potential.
  • the nozzle system is composed of 3 to 150 channels placed radially towards the production pipe or at an angle of 1 -90 ° from the radial direction.
  • An upper dynamic flow restrictor may be placed on the outside of the equipment, between the equipment and the production pipe, at least 10 mm above the level of the nozzle system and / or a lower dynamic flow restrictor may be placed on the outside of the equipment, between the equipment and the production pipe, at least 10 mm under the level of the nozzle system.
  • An electromagnet (M) may be placed at the bottom of the equipment, the purpose of which is to collect the chips formed during the production pipe removing process.
  • the equipment operates in a wide range of pressures of 0.1 MPa-70 MPa.
  • the process of removing the production pipe in the borehole with the action of the equipment described above begins by inserting the equipment into the production pipe without contact with the production pipe.
  • a liquid precursor is introduced into the equipment via the liquid presursor supply.
  • the liquid precursor is a mixture of ethanol and water in any ratio, or a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and water in any ratio, water or an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.01-5% by weight.
  • the plasma-forming medium generator modifies the incoming liquid precursor to plasma-forming medium by thermal, electrochemical or chemical decomposition, or a combination of at least two of these decompositions - depending on the type of equipment, and additional energy may be released.
  • the plasma-forming medium has the following properties:
  • the plasma-forming medium After its formation, the plasma-forming medium passes through the nozzle system inlet into the nozzle system and is injected from the nozzle system into the inter-electrode space under the effect of the ambient pressure in a range of 0.1-70 MPa.
  • the temperature of the plasma-forming medium is in the range of 1-1000 °C.
  • the main role of the plasma-forming medium is to ensure suitable conditions for the creation and existence of plasma for plasma removal of materials / milling. Increased oxygen concentration in the plasma-forming medium favours the degradation process, and additional thermal energy is released. A part of the released additional energy is consumed to increase the thermodynamic temperature of the plasma-forming medium passing through the electric arc, where the temperature of the medium incident to the surface of the production pipe material is further increased; the remaining part of the energy is consumed by the volume expansion of the decomposed medium. Higher thermodynamic temperature accelerates the process of oxidation and overall degradation of the production pipe material. The expansion increases the distance in the radial direction, to which the equipment is capable of disintegrating the production pipe material, and at the same time the efficiency of removing the broken production pipe material increases by expansion.
  • the plasma-forming medium has 3 decisive properties with respect to electric parameters and the electric arc stability:
  • a borehole Prior to starting the P & A process, in many cases, a borehole is fdled with a fluid such as brine or seawater in which residual hydrocarbons or residues of fluid used in drilling (on an aqueous or oil basis) may be present.
  • a fluid such as brine or seawater in which residual hydrocarbons or residues of fluid used in drilling (on an aqueous or oil basis) may be present.
  • the process continues by the subsequent ignition of the electric arc in the fluid at high borehole pressure (up to 70 MPa) between the upper electrode and the lower electrode which are placed coaxially with the production pipe.
  • the arc is ignited either by contact ignition or voltage ignition.
  • the advantage of mechanically movable electrodes is also fully used, and a fixed voltage value in the 0.1 kV-l MV range, which is not pulse-like, is used to carry out the electrical breakthrough.
  • Electric arc ignition takes place at a constant electric voltage, the inter electrode distance begins to change and the electrical breakthrough takes place after reaching the minimum distance required to form a conductive channel between both electrodes. In this case, the electrodes will not touch. After ignition the electric arc, the electrodes move away to the required distance.
  • the main purpose of using this method of initiating the electric arc is to ensure reliability and higher efficiency of the electric arc ignition process in a wide range of pressures and in a fluid environment.
  • the inter-electrode distance is kept approximately constant throughout the entire milling time at a selected value in the range from 0.1 to 20 mm.
  • the electric arc burns exclusively between a pair of electrodes of the same shape and the length of the electric arc is adapted to the electrical source parameters.
  • the arc length detection is performed by continuous monitoring the required average voltage required to maintain the electric arc.
  • the electric arc input power is 10-10000 kW.
  • the electric arc burns between two cylindrical electrodes in a liquid environment at an ambient pressure in the range from 0.1 to 70 MPa and is evenly rotated by a Lorentz force on a circle, the axis of the rotational movement of the arc being identical to the axis of symmetry of the electrodes, thus eliminating the need to rotate the components of the equipment.
  • the term rotated on a circle means the movement of the two roots of the electric arc on a circle.
  • the rotation of the electric arc is ensured by the magnetic field of a permanent magnet or electromagnet and / or by the interaction of the electric arc with the flow of the plasma-forming medium.
  • the process Since the actual breakdown process does not require a mechanical contact of the broken material and equipment, mechanical wear of the functional parts of the equipment does not occur and the efficiency of the equipment does not decrease over time. Additionally, the process also operates at a pressure range from 0.1 to 70 MPa, and therefore it is not necessary to exchange the equipment during the milling process at various depths.
  • the necessary wear of the electrodes, which occurs during the process, is compensated by an increase in the volume of the wear part, by the material composition itself and by the electrode construction, as well as by the mutual axial movement of the electrodes. This ensures that it is not necessary to change the milling tool or its parts during the entire time of the production pipe removing due to wear or different pressures of the surrounding environment.
  • the production pipe material is degraded by the heat flow produced by the joint action of the rotating electric arc and the plasma-forming medium, whereby the created heat flow has the character of a flat action.
  • the process of the production pipe breakdown involves several simultaneously acting mechanisms.
  • the triggering element of each mechanism is an elevated temperature.
  • the temperature triggers the first mechanism, which is the melting process, which directly results in the mechanical separation of degraded material in the form of melt from the production pipe.
  • the second mechanism of degradation is high-temperature oxidation, a direct exothermic reaction of solid or melted material of the production pipe with oxygen, or another oxidizing agent supplied in the plasma-forming medium.
  • Additional energy is supplied to the breakdown process by the plasma-forming medium flow from nozzles towards the wall of the production pipe, through inter-electrode space, where the medium passes through the electric arc.
  • the radial flow component contributes to the efficient transfer of heat output to the disintegrated material of the production pipe.
  • the broken material of the production pipe is separated from the production pipe and removed from the breakdown point.
  • the material is broken mainly to particles of a size 0.01-5 mm.
  • the degree of roughness of the remaining material of the production pipe after milling does not exceed the size of the created particles.
  • the broken material of the production pipe is removed from the breakdown point by hydrodynamic force generated by the flow of the plasma-forming medium, coolant and mud acting on the broken particles or the gravitational force.
  • the process of removing the production pipe in the borehole is terminated by extinguishing the arc.
  • the equipment is subsequently pulled out of the borehole.
  • the equipment may be placed in the production pipe centrically as well as eccentrically, to remove the unsymmetrical part of the production pipeline.
  • FIG.l presents the process of contact ignition.
  • FIG.2 presents equipment for removing the production pipe with two magnets, with upper and lower dynamic flow restrictor and electromagnet for the chip trapping. It is positioned centrically in the production pipe in a lateral cross-section, and in a cross-section from above.
  • FIG.3 presents equipment for removing the production pipe with one magnet, without dynamic flow restrictors and without electromagnet for the chip trapping. It is positioned centrically in the production pipe in a lateral cross-section.
  • FIG.4 presents equipment for removing the production pipe with two magnets, without dynamic flow restrictors and without electromagnet for the chip trapping. It is positioned eccentrically in the production pipe, in a lateral cross-section and in a cross-section from above.
  • FIG.5 presents equipment for removing the production pipe with one magnet, with upper dynamic flow restrictor and with electromagnet for the chip trapping. It is positioned centrically in the production pipe in a lateral cross-section.
  • FIG.6 presents equipment for removing the production pipe with one magnet, with lower dynamic flow restrictor and without electromagnet for the chip trapping. It is positioned centrically in the production pipe in a lateral cross-section.
  • the equipment X for removing the production pipe JJ) in the borehole is mechanically connected by means of BHA to an electrical power supply 12, coolant supply 13, data cable 14 and control unit 15.
  • the equipment X is placed in a contactless manner inside the production pipe JJ) and comprises a liquid presursor supply JT which enters the plasma-forming medium generator 5 connected to the nozzle system inlet 6 connected to the nozzle system 7, while the nozzle system 7 is placed in the space between two cylindrical mechanically movable electrodes, an upper electrode J_ and a lower electrode 2, and the upper electrode J_ and the lower electrode 2 are placed axially with respect to each other around the circumference of the equipment X and coaxially placed towards the production pipe j_0, while in the axis of the upper electrode J_ and the lower electrode 2 there is around the nozzle system inlet 6 at least one magnet 4 placed above the nozzle system 7 and / or under the nozzle system 7.
  • the magnet 4 is a permanent magnet or electromagnet.
  • Plasma-forming medium generator 5 consists of one chamber J_8, or several interconnected chambers J_8, each chamber J_8 having at least one inlet and one outlet. In the case of multiple chambers J_8, these are arranged in series, in parallel or in a combination of these methods. There are three possibilities of content of chamber J_8, namely:
  • the first electrode J_6 of the generator being at a negative electrical potential and the second electrode 3/7 of the generator being at a positive electrical potential
  • the resistance wire or the chamber J_8 is surrounded by the resistance wire.
  • a preferred solution is, if at least one generator chamber J_8 contains at least one pair of electrodes, the first electrode 16 being at a negative electrical potential and the second electrode 3/7 being at a positive electrical potential.
  • the nozzle system 7 is composed of 3 to 150 channels placed radially towards the production pipe 10 or at an angle of 1-90 ° from the radial direction.
  • the equipment is in the production pipe JJ) placed without contact with the production pipe, but in the case of a longer equipment, one or more centralizers C are placed on the outside of the equipment X, which are in mechanical contact with the production pipe JJ).
  • An electromagnet M may be placed at the bottom of the equipment X.
  • the equipment X is placed in the production pipe JJ) centrically, or eccentrically.
  • restrictors can be placed, namely upper dynamic flow restrictor 8 and /or lower dynamic flow restrictor 9.
  • the equipment X and all its parts are adapted to operate at a pressure in the range from 0.1 to 70 MPa.
  • the method of removing the production pipe in the borehole by means of the equipment X is carried out in such a way that the equipment X is inserted into the production pipe JJ) in the borehole, and into the equipment X through the liquid precursor inlet JT liquid precursor Y is supplied which enters the plasma-forming medium generator 5 and changes in it to the plasma- forming medium Z, which passes through the nozzle system inlet 6 into the nozzle system 7 and is injected from the nozzle system 7 into the space between the upper electrode and the lower electrode 2 where under the effect of the pressure in a range of 0.1-70 MPa and temperature of the plasma-forming medium Z in a range of l-l000°C the electric arc 3 is ignited, either by contact ignition or voltage ignition, in a liquid environment between the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2.
  • the electric arc 3 is evenly rotated on a circle, the axis of the rotational movement of the arc 3 being identical to the axis of symmetry of the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2, and the rotation of the electric arc 3 is ensured by the magnetic field of a magnet 4 and / or by the interaction of the electric arc 3 with the flow of the plasma-forming medium Z.
  • the electric arc 3 input power is in a range of 10-10000 kW.
  • the production pipe material 1_0 is degraded by the heat flow produced by the joint action of the rotating electric arc 3 and the plasma-forming medium Z, subsequently the broken material is separated from the production pipe JJ) and is removed from the breakdown point, and then the electric arc 3 is extinguished and the equipment X is pulled out from the production pipe JJ) to the outside of the borehole.
  • the plasma-forming medium generator 5 modifies the liquid precursor Y to the plasma-forming medium Z by thermal, electrochemical or chemical decomposition, or a combination of at least two of these decompositions.
  • the plasma-forming medium Z has the properties of a mixture of supercritical water and supercritical oxygen, for pressures from 5.04 to 22.05 MPa, the plasma-forming medium Z has the properties of a mixture of water and supercritical oxygen, or a mixture of water vapour and supercritical oxygen, and for pressures from 0.1 to 5.03 MPa, the plasma-forming medium Z has the properties of a mixture of water and oxygen (oxidizing agent), or a mixture of water vapour and oxygen.
  • the liquid precursor Y is water, a mixture of ethanol and water in any ratio, a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and water in any ratio, or an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.01-5% by weight.
  • the particles of broken material of the production pipe JJ) may be trapped by electromagnet M placed at the bottom of the equipment X.
  • the broken material of the production pipe JJ is removed from the breakdown point by hydrodynamic force generated by the flow of the plasma-forming medium Z, coolant 3 and mud acting on the broken particles or the gravitational force.
  • the equipment X has two magnets 4, and both magnets are permanent magnets.
  • An upper dynamic flow restrictor 8 is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe 10, 10 mm above the level of the nozzle system 7.
  • the nozzle system 7 is composed of 36 channels placed at an angle of 26° from the radial direction towards the production pipe.
  • an electromagnet M is placed.
  • the equipment X is placed in the production pipe JJ) centrically.
  • the liquid precursor Y is aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 69% by weight.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z is injected from the nozzle system 7 into the space between two cylindrical mechanically movable electrodes, the upper electrode J_ and the lower electrode 2 under the effect of the ambient pressure of 30 MPa.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z has a temperature of 400°C and the properties of a mixture of supercritical water and supercritical oxygen.
  • the electric arc 3 is ignited by voltage ignition in a liquid environment between the upper electrode I and the lower electrode 2. Inter-electrode distance between the upper electrode J_ and the lower electrode 2 is maintained at a constant value of 3 mm after the electric arc 3 has been stabilized.
  • the broken material of the production pipe JJ is removed from the breakdown point by hydrodynamic force generated by the flow of the plasma-forming medium Z acting on the broken particles. Subsequently, the particles of broken material (chips) are trapped by electromagnet M at the bottom of the equipment X.
  • the equipment X in FIG. 2 has two magnets J_, and both are permanent magnets.
  • An upper dynamic flow restrictor 8 is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe j_0, at least 10 mm above the level of the nozzle system 7.
  • a lower dynamic flow restrictor 9 is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe JJ ⁇ at least 10 mm under the level of the nozzle system 7.
  • One centralizer C is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe 1_0, which is in a mechanical contact with the production pipe 10.
  • the nozzle system 7 is composed of 24 channels placed radially towards the production pipe.
  • an electromagnet M is placed at the bottom of the equipment X.
  • the equipment X is placed in the production pipe 1_0 centrically.
  • the liquid precursor Y is aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 35% by weight.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z is injected from the nozzle system 7 into the space between two cylindrical electrodes, the upper electrode J_ and the lower electrode 2 under the effect of the ambient pressure of 19 MPa.
  • Plasma- forming medium Z has a temperature of 200°C and the properties of a mixture of water and supercritical oxygen.
  • the electric arc 3 is ignited by voltage ignition in a liquid environment between the upper electrode I and the lower electrode 2. Inter-electrode distance between the upper electrode J_ and the lower electrode 2 is maintained at a constant value of 10 mm after the electric arc 3 has been stabilized.
  • the broken material of the production pipe JJ is removed from the breakdown point by hydrodynamic force generated by the flow of the plasma-forming medium Z acting on the broken particles. Subsequently, the particles of broken material (chips) are trapped by electromagnet M at the bottom of the equipment X.
  • the equipment X is long, and therefore it has two centralizers C placed on the outside of the equipment X between the equipment a production pipe j_0, which are in a mechanical contact with the production pipe JJ).
  • the equipment X has two magnets 4, and both are permanent magnets.
  • a lower dynamic flow restrictor 9 is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe JJ), 10 mm under the level of the nozzle system 7.
  • the nozzle system 7 is composed of 8 channels placed at an angle of 60° from the radial direction towards the production pipe.
  • the equipment X is placed in the production pipe JJ) centrically.
  • the liquid precursor Y is aqueous ethanol solution with a concentration of 96% by weight.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z is injected from the nozzle system 7 into the space between two cylindrical electrodes, the upper electrode J_ and the lower electrode 2 under the effect of the ambient pressure of 15 MPa.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z has a temperature of 30°C and the properties of a mixture of water and supercritical oxygen.
  • the electric arc 3 is ignited by contact ignition in a liquid environment between the upper electrode I and the lower electrode 2. Inter-electrode distance between the upper electrode J_ and the lower electrode 2 is maintained at a constant value of 7.5 mm after the electric arc 3 has been stabilized.
  • the equipment X in FIG.4 has two magnets 4, and both are electromagnets.
  • the nozzle system 7 is composed of 120 channels placed at an angle of 5° from the radial direction towards the production pipe.
  • the equipment X is placed in the production pipe JJ) eccentrically.
  • the liquid precursor Y is aqueous potassium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 3% by weight.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z is injected from the nozzle system 7 into the space between two cylindrical electrodes, the upper electrode l and the lower electrode 2 under the effect of the ambient pressure of 70 MPa.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z has a temperature of l00°C and the properties of a mixture of water and supercritical oxygen.
  • the electric arc 3 is ignited by voltage ignition in a liquid environment between the upper electrode I and the lower electrode 2. Inter-electrode distance between the upper electrode ⁇ and the lower electrode 2 is maintained at a constant value of 0.8 mm after the electric arc 3 has been stabilized.
  • the equipment X in FIG. 3 has one magnet 4, which is permanent. Magnet 4 is placed around the nozzle system inlet 6 above the nozzle system 7.
  • the nozzle system 7 is composed of 3 channels placed radially towards the production pipe.
  • the equipment X is placed in the production pipe J_0 centrically.
  • the liquid precursor Y is aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 80% by weight.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z is injected from the nozzle system 7 into the space between two cylindrical electrodes, the upper electrode l and the lower electrode 2 under the effect of the ambient pressure of 50 MPa.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z has a temperature of 500°C and the properties of a mixture of supercritical water and supercritical oxygen.
  • the electric arc 3 is ignited by voltage ignition in a liquid environment between the upper electrode I and the lower electrode 2. Inter-electrode distance between the upper electrode l and the lower electrode 2 is maintained at a constant value of 1 mm after the electric arc 3 has been stabilized.
  • the equipment X in FIG. 5 has one magnet 4, which is permanent. Magnet 4 is placed
  • An upper dynamic flow restrictor 8 is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe 10, 10 mm above the level of the nozzle system 7.
  • the nozzle system 7 is composed of 90 channels placed at an angle of 45° from the radial direction towards the production pipe J_0. At the bottom of the equipment X, an electromagnet M is placed. The equipment X is placed in the production pipe JJ) centrically.
  • the liquid precursor Y is aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.01 % by weight. It enters the plasma-forming medium generator 5 and changes in it by electrochemical decomposition to the plasma-forming medium Z and this passes through the nozzle system inlet 6 into the nozzle system 7.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z is injected from the nozzle system 7 into the space between two cylindrical electrodes, the upper electrode l and the lower electrode 2 under the effect of the ambient pressure of 0.1 MPa.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z has a temperature of l°C and the properties of a mixture of water and oxygen.
  • the electric arc 3 is ignited by voltage ignition in a liquid environment between the upper electrode I and the lower electrode 2. Inter-electrode distance between the upper electrode ⁇ and the lower electrode 2 is maintained at a constant value of 4 mm after the electric arc 3 has been stabilized.
  • the broken material of the production pipe J_0 is removed from the breakdown point by hydrodynamic force generated by the flow of the plasma-forming medium Z acting on the broken particles. Subsequently, the particles of broken material (chips) are trapped by electromagnet M at the bottom of the equipment X.
  • the equipment X has one magnet 4, which is electromagnet and is placed around the nozzle system inlet 6 above the nozzle system 7.
  • An upper dynamic flow restrictor 8 is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe j_0, at least 10 mm above the level of the nozzle system 7.
  • a lower dynamic flow restrictor 9 is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe H), at least 10 mm under the level of the nozzle system 7.
  • the nozzle system 7 is composed of 48 channels placed at an angle of 80° from the radial direction towards the production pipe.
  • the equipment X is placed in the production pipe J_0 centrically.
  • the liquid precursor Y is aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 1% by weight.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z is injected from the nozzle system 7 into the space between two cylindrical electrodes, the upper electrode l and the lower electrode 2 under the effect of the ambient pressure of 3 MPa.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z has a temperature of 270°C and the properties of a mixture of water vapour and oxygen.
  • the electric arc 3 is ignited by contact ignition in a liquid environment between the upper electrode I and the lower electrode 2. Inter-electrode distance between the upper electrode l and the lower electrode 2 is maintained at a constant value of 20 mm after the electric arc 3 has been stabilized.
  • Example 8 The equipment X has one magnet 4, which is electromagnet and is placed around the nozzle system inlet 6 above the nozzle system 7.
  • An upper dynamic flow restrictor 8 is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe 10, 10 mm above the level of the nozzle system 7.
  • a lower dynamic flow restrictor 9 is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe 10, 10 mm under the level of the nozzle system 7.
  • the nozzle system 7 is composed of 12 channels placed radially towards the production pipe.
  • the equipment X is placed in the production pipe 1_0 centrically.
  • the liquid precursor Y is water. Water enters the plasma-forming medium generator 5 and changes in it by electrochemical decomposition to the plasma-forming medium Z and this passes through the nozzle system inlet 6 into the nozzle system 7.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z is injected from the nozzle system 7_into the space between two cylindrical electrodes, the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2 under the effect of the ambient pressure of 25 MPa.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z has a temperature of 50°C and the properties of a mixture of water and supercritical oxygen.
  • the electric arc 3 is ignited by contact ignition in a liquid environment between the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2. Inter-electrode distance between the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2 is maintained at a constant value of 1 mm after the electric arc 3 has been stabilized.
  • the equipment X has one magnet 4, which is permanent magnet electromagnet and is placed around the nozzle system inlet 6 above the nozzle system 7.
  • An upper dynamic flow restrictor 8 is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe 10, 10 mm above the level of the nozzle system 7.
  • the nozzle system 7 is composed of 60 channels placed radially towards the production pipe.
  • the equipment X is placed in the production pipe 1_0 centrically.
  • the liquid precursor Y is aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 10 % by weight. It enters the plasma-forming medium generator 5 and changes in it by thermal decomposition to the plasma-forming medium Z and this passes through the nozzle system inlet 6 into the nozzle system 7.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z is injected from the nozzle system 7 into the space between two cylindrical electrodes, the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2 under the effect of the ambient pressure of 5.03 MPa.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z has a temperature of l00°C and the properties of a mixture of water and oxygen.
  • the electric arc 3 is ignited by voltage ignition in a liquid environment between the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2. Inter-electrode distance between the upper electrode 1 and the lower electrode 2 is maintained at a constant value of 15 mm after the electric arc 3 has been stabilized.
  • the equipment X has two permanent magnets.
  • An upper dynamic flow restrictor 8 is placed on the outside of the equipment X, between the equipment and the production pipe Hf, at least 10 mm above the level of the nozzle system 7.
  • the nozzle system is composed of 150 channels placed 90° from the radial direction towards the production pipe.
  • the equipment X is placed in the production pipe J_0 centrically.
  • the liquid precursor Y is aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 5% by weight. It enters the plasma-forming medium generator 5 and changes in it by electrochemical decomposition to the plasma-forming medium Z and this passes through the nozzle system inlet 6 into the nozzle system 7.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z is injected from the nozzle system 7 into the space between two cylindrical electrodes, the upper electrode l and the lower electrode 2 under the effect of the ambient pressure of 60 MPa.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z has a temperature of 374°C and the properties of a mixture of supercritical water and supercritical oxygen.
  • the electric arc 3 is ignited by voltage ignition in a liquid environment between the upper electrode I and the lower electrode 2. Inter-electrode distance between the upper electrode l and the lower electrode 2 is maintained at a constant value of 0.1 mm after the electric arc 3 has been stabilized.
  • the equipment X has two magnets 4, and both magnets are permanent magnets.
  • the nozzle system is composed of 18 channels placed 1° from the radial direction towards the production pipe.
  • the equipment X is placed in the production pipe eccentrically.
  • the liquid precursor Y is aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 90% by weight.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z is injected from the nozzle system 7 into the space between two cylindrical electrodes, the upper electrode l and the lower electrode 2 under the effect of the ambient pressure of 22.06 MPa.
  • Plasma-forming medium Z has a temperature of l000°C and the properties of supercritical water and supercritical oxygen.
  • the electric arc 3 is ignited by voltage ignition in a liquid environment between the upper electrode I and the lower electrode 2. Inter-electrode distance between the upper electrode l and the lower electrode 2 is maintained at a constant value of 2 mm after the electric arc 3 has been stabilized.
  • the equipment for removing the production pipe in the borehole and method for removing the production pipe in the borehole of this invention is utilised in the mining industry, particularly in the petroleum industry when performing decommissioning operations.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil qui permet d'enlever le tube de production (10) du trou de forage, ledit appareil étant relié mécaniquement par BHA à une alimentation électrique (12), à une alimentation en agent de refroidissement (13), à un câble de données (14) et à une unité de commande (15). L'équipement (X) est placé sans contact à l'intérieur du tube de production (10) et comprend un apport en précurseur de liquide (11) qui pénètre dans le générateur (5) du milieu de formation de plasma relié à l'entrée du système de buses (6) reliée au système de buses (7). Le système de buses (7) est placé dans l'espace entre deux électrodes cylindriques mobiles mécaniquement, l'électrode supérieure (1) et l'électrode inférieure (2), et l'électrode supérieure (1) et l'électrode inférieure (2) sont placées de façon axiale l'une par rapport à l'autre autour de la circonférence de l'équipement (X) et placées de façon coaxiale vers le tube de production (10), tandis que dans l'axe de l'électrode supérieure (1) et de l'électrode inférieure (2) se trouve, autour de l'entrée du système de buses (6), au moins un aimant (4) placé au-dessus du système de buses (7) et/ou au-dessous du système de buses (7). Le procédé d'enlèvement du tube de production du trou de forage au moyen de l'équipement (X) est effectué de telle sorte que l'équipement (X) est inséré dans le tube de production (10) dans le trou de forage, et qu'il est introduit dans l'équipement (X) un précurseur liquide (Y) par l'entrée de précurseur de liquide (11), ledit précurseur pénétrant dans le générateur de milieu de formation de plasma (5), transformant ce dernier en milieu de formation de plasma (Z), traversant l'entrée du système de buses (6) pour pénétrer dans le système de buses (7), et étant injecté depuis le système de buses (7) dans l'espace entre deux électrodes cylindriques mobiles mécaniquement, l'électrode supérieure (1) et l'électrode inférieure (2), moyennant quoi, sous l'effet de la pression dans une plage de 0,1 à 70 MPa et de la température du milieu de formation de plasma (Z) dans une plage de 1 à 1000 °C, l'arc électrique (3) est allumé dans un environnement liquide entre l'électrode supérieure (1) et l'électrode inférieure (2).
PCT/SK2018/050014 2017-11-30 2018-11-26 Appareil et procédé de désintégration du tube de production dans le trou de forage Ceased WO2019108139A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/762,217 US20200355036A1 (en) 2017-11-30 2018-11-26 Apparatus and method for disintegrating the production pipe in the borehole
EP18836545.6A EP3717734A1 (fr) 2017-11-30 2018-11-26 Appareil et procédé de désintégration du tube de production dans le trou de forage

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SKPP122-2017 2017-11-30
SK1222017A SK288888B6 (sk) 2017-11-30 2017-11-30 Zariadenie na odstraňovanie produkčnej rúry vo vrte a spôsob na odstraňovanie

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US (1) US20200355036A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3717734A1 (fr)
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011037546A2 (fr) * 2009-09-24 2011-03-31 Kocis Ivan Procédé de désagrégation de matériaux et dispositif de réalisation du procédé
WO2015116343A1 (fr) * 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 Harry Bailey Curlett Procédé et système de production de ressources souterraines
WO2016105279A2 (fr) * 2014-12-23 2016-06-30 Ga Drilling, A. S. Procédé d'élimination de matières par la désintégration de ces dernières par l'action de plasma électrique

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011037546A2 (fr) * 2009-09-24 2011-03-31 Kocis Ivan Procédé de désagrégation de matériaux et dispositif de réalisation du procédé
WO2015116343A1 (fr) * 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 Harry Bailey Curlett Procédé et système de production de ressources souterraines
WO2016105279A2 (fr) * 2014-12-23 2016-06-30 Ga Drilling, A. S. Procédé d'élimination de matières par la désintégration de ces dernières par l'action de plasma électrique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SLAVOMIR JANKOVIC ET AL: "Use Of Plasma-Based Tool For Plug And Abandonment", SPE, 8 September 2015 (2015-09-08), pages 1 - 11, XP055563041, ISBN: 978-1-61399-398-9, DOI: 10.2118/175431-MS *

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SK288888B6 (sk) 2021-08-25
SK1222017A3 (sk) 2019-10-02
EP3717734A1 (fr) 2020-10-07

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