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WO2019104201A1 - Small molecule agonists and antagonists of nr2f6 activity in non-humans - Google Patents

Small molecule agonists and antagonists of nr2f6 activity in non-humans Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019104201A1
WO2019104201A1 PCT/US2018/062290 US2018062290W WO2019104201A1 WO 2019104201 A1 WO2019104201 A1 WO 2019104201A1 US 2018062290 W US2018062290 W US 2018062290W WO 2019104201 A1 WO2019104201 A1 WO 2019104201A1
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Prior art keywords
compound
compounds
nr2f6
cell
activity
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PCT/US2018/062290
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French (fr)
Inventor
Harry M. LANDER
David R. Koos
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Zander Therapeutics Inc
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Zander Therapeutics Inc
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Priority claimed from US15/820,334 external-priority patent/US20190054118A1/en
Priority claimed from US15/820,324 external-priority patent/US11324719B2/en
Priority claimed from US16/008,526 external-priority patent/US11377442B2/en
Priority claimed from US16/008,631 external-priority patent/US10472351B2/en
Application filed by Zander Therapeutics Inc filed Critical Zander Therapeutics Inc
Publication of WO2019104201A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019104201A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D333/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings substituted on the ring sulfur atom
    • C07D333/48—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings substituted on the ring sulfur atom by oxygen atoms
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/48—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
    • C07D215/54—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen attached in position 3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
    • C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D271/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D271/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D311/06—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2
    • C07D311/08—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring
    • C07D311/12—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring substituted in position 3 and unsubstituted in position 7
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D311/06—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2
    • C07D311/08—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring
    • C07D311/16—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 2 not hydrogenated in the hetero ring substituted in position 7
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
    • C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D311/78—Ring systems having three or more relevant rings
    • C07D311/92—Naphthopyrans; Hydrogenated naphthopyrans
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D471/18—Bridged systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present technology relates to agonists and antagonists of nuclear receptor activity, specifically to the modulation of NR2F6 activity and NR2F6 utilizing compounds, and the immune modulation and modulation of cancer stem cell activity through administration of compounds described herein.
  • T cells of the immune system are known to recognize and interact with specific molecules through receptors (e.g., a T cell receptor in complex with a CD3 dimer) which, upon recognition or interaction with these molecules, result in the activation of the T cell to perform various immune activities.
  • receptors e.g., a T cell receptor in complex with a CD3 dimer
  • Innate immune cells are cells of the immune system that are known to be activated by one or more agents (e.g., allergens, chemicals produced upon injury (e.g., opioids and alcohols), polymyxins, crosslinked IgE, crosslinked complement proteins, cytokines produced by T cells or other immune cells (e.g., interferon-g), DAMPs, or PAMPs) that activate downstream signaling pathway(s) in the innate immune cell and result in the activation of one or more immune activities of the innate immune cell.
  • agents e.g., allergens, chemicals produced upon injury (e.g., opioids and alcohols), polymyxins, crosslinked IgE, crosslinked complement proteins, cytokines produced by T cells or other immune cells (e.g., interferon-g), DAMPs, or PAMPs
  • Both T cells and innate immune cells play a role in a mammal's immune defense.
  • the immune activities of an innate immune cell can protect a mammal against infectious diseases.
  • the immune activities of a T cell can protect a mammal against, for example, infectious diseases and cancer.
  • Adoptive cell therapy is a method of treatment that includes harvesting one or more different types of immune cells from a mammal, culturing and/or manipulating the harvested immune cells ex vivo, and administering the cultured and/or manipulated immune cells back to the mammal.
  • the manipulating of a harvested immune cell ex vivo can include introducing a recombinant nucleic acid into the immune cell.
  • Molecularly targeted therapeutics represent a new approach to discovering anti cancer drugs. Using this approach, small molecules are designed to inhibit directly the very oncogenetic proteins that are mutated or overexpressed in specific tumor cell types. By targeting specific molecular defects or conditions found within tumor cells, this approach can yield therapies tailored to each tumor’s genetic makeup.
  • a complementary strategy involves searching for genotype- selective anti-tumor agents that become lethal to tumor cells only in the presence of specific oncoproteins or only in the absence of specific tumor oppressors.
  • genotype-selective compounds might target oncoproteins directly, or target other critical proteins involved in oncoprotein-linked signaling networks.
  • the immune system is comprised of activatory and inhibitory mechanisms that can allow for control of immune responses and subsequent inhibition of responses after clearance of the immune target.
  • the central event stimulating immune responses is the antigen-specific activation of naive CD4 + T cells subsequent to binding antigen presenting cell MHC containing antigenic peptide.
  • the CD4 + T cell also known as the“helper T cell,” helps to coordinate the activation of the adaptive immune response, playing a role in the stimulation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, whose role includes destroying host cells affected by cancer, viruses, and intracellular bacteria, as well as stimulating B cell maturation to eventual plasma cell differentiation.
  • Antibodies can be critical molecules in clearance of extracellular pathogens such as various bacteria and parasites.
  • naive CD4 + T cells require two distinct signals to proliferate and differentiate into the armed effector cells that mediate adaptive immunity.
  • Signal 1 of this two-signal model is antigen-specific and is generated by interaction of the TCR with antigenic peptide presented in context with MHC II antigens. This results in transduction of TCR intracellular signals leading to production of IU-2 and T cell activation.
  • Signal 2 is referred to as a“costimulatory” signal because, while essential, it does not necessarily induce any functional response in T cells.
  • CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal upon interaction with CD80 or CD86 present on B cells, macrophages, or dendritic cells. Activation of the TCR in the presence of costimulatory signals leads to T cell clonal expansion and initiation of effector functions such as IL-2 production.
  • immune checkpoints For cancer, immune inhibitory mechanisms, termed“immune checkpoints,” are prematurely activated in order for the tumor to escape immune attack.
  • CTLA-4 is related to CD28, however instead of activating T cells in a co-stimulatory manner, it leads to inhibition or co-inhibition of T cells.
  • Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F, member 6 (NR2F6), also known as nuclear orphan receptor Ear2, is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand- activated receptors, which exhibit a common modular structure and are involved in various homeostatic functions, but also play a role in oncogenesis and cancer propagation.
  • NR nuclear receptor
  • studies have shown that members of the NR family regulate development, reproduction, and metabolism of lipids, drugs and energy. The importance of this family of proteins in metabolic disease is exemplified by NR ligands used in the clinic or under exploratory development for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, or other metabolic abnormalities.
  • the present disclosure is directed to, in certain embodiments, methods of using small molecule compounds as immune modulators; as well as to compounds, solid forms and compositions thereof that are immune modulators and that exhibit desirable characteristics thereof; as well as to methods of making the compounds, solid forms and composition thereof.
  • the present technology is directed compounds discussed and described herein, which compounds have been found to modulate the immune system.
  • These compounds can include any of the following:
  • Q2 A can be any of the following: C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • n can be an integer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
  • any of R, RA, RB, R1-R8, X, Q, Ql, Q2, or A can be any of the following: Me, OMe, Br, N, H, Cl, F or N0 2 .
  • any of R, RA, RB, R1-R8, X, Q, Ql, Q2, or A can be any of the following: 4-Me, 4-OMe, 4-Br, 4-t-Bu, 3,4-di-Me, 4-C1, 3,4-di- Cl, 3-C1-4-F, 2-F, 3 -Cl, 3-CH 3 -4-F, a thiazole, an isothiazole or a dithiolane.
  • any of Rl and R2 can have the values shown in any of the
  • FIGS. 1A-1F for example, FIGS. 1A-1F, FIGS. 3A-3F, FIGS. 4A-4L, FIGS. 5A and 5B, FIGS. 6A-6F, FIGS. 7A-70, FIGS. 8A-8M, FIGS. 9A-9J, FIGS. 10A-10J or FIGS. 11A-11G
  • the present technology is directed a compound having a structure of any of the following, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
  • the present technology is directed to a novel compound, any solid form thereof, and any formulation or composition thereof, that is useful as agonists or antagonists of nuclear receptor activity, specifically to the modulation of NR2F6 activity and NR2F6 utilizing compounds.
  • the present technology is directed to methods of modulating the immune system or modulating cancer cell activity using compounds that alter activity of NR2F6.
  • the present technology is directed to methods of
  • reprogramming the immune cells in a patient to attack tumors or other invasive cells.
  • Such “reprogramming” can include: (a) extraction of an amount of a patient’s cellular material (including, but not limited to: blood, which itself includes blood serum, plasma red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets), (b) isolating specific immune cells from the cellular material; (c) inhibiting or activating the NR2F6 target in the extracted immune cells; and (d) re-administering the immune cells (for example, by injection) to the patient’s body.
  • cellular material including, but not limited to: blood, which itself includes blood serum, plasma red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
  • the present technology is directed to methods treating or reducing the effect of an autoimmune response, reaction, disease or disorder, the method comprising any of the steps discussed herein, or activating the NR2F6 target in isolated immune cells by binding them with a compound according to the present technology.
  • the present technology is directed to methods of shrinking (reducing the size of) a tumor, increasing or decreasing the activity of a cell, initiating or inducing an immune response, destroying a cancer cell, reducing the effect of a disease, alleviating a symptom of a disease, treating a disorder, as well as methods of inducing a cell in a patient’s body to do any of these, the method comprising administering a compound herein to a tumor, contacting a compound herein with a cell, or any other steps discussed herein.
  • these methods can comprise: comprising the steps of:
  • the present technology is directed to methods of treating or reducing the effect of a reaction, disease or disorder, the method comprising activating the NR2F6 target in immune cells by contacting them with a compound herein.
  • the present technology is directed to a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound described herein, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • non-human means any living thing other than a human, for example, a mammal.
  • FIGS. 1A-1F show certain compounds that have been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology.
  • FIG. 2A shows a certain compound that has been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology.
  • FIG. 2B shows different domains, or portions of a base compound, that were substituted with different moieties to ascertain whether these made a difference in the activity of such compound.
  • FIG. 3A shows a certain compound that has been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology.
  • FIGS. 3B-3F show various additional compounds formed from substitution of different moieties.
  • FIGS. 4A-4L show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B show additional embodiments of compounds, along with (in the case of FIG. 5A) different values of moieties Rl and R2.
  • FIGS. 6A-6F show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
  • FIGS. 7A-70 show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
  • FIGS. 8A-8M show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
  • FIGS. 9A-9J show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
  • FIGS. 10A-10J show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
  • FIGS. 11A-11G show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 12 shows a certain compound that has been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology; and different domains, or portions of a base compound, that were substituted with different moieties to ascertain whether these made a difference in the activity of such compound.
  • FIG. 13A shows a certain compound that has been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology.
  • FIGS. 13B-13H show various additional compounds formed from substitution of different moieties.
  • FIG. 14A shows a certain compound that has been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology.
  • FIGS. 14B-14D show various additional compounds formed from substitution of different moieties.
  • FIGS. 15A-15G show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein
  • FIGS. 16A and 16B show charts of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
  • FIGS. 17A and 17B show analogues and other related compounds to Compound
  • FIGS. 18A and 18B show charts of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
  • Compound 18 For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. For cytotox on HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) compound was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates. Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) w/o compounds.
  • FIGS. 19A and 19B show the results of Dog’s PBMC ELISA and cytotoxicity experiments. All compounds were tested at 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates on activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin dogs PBMC (1 x 106 cells/mL). Cell culture supemates were removed and frozen for further ELISA analysis and remained cells were analyzed. Compounds without cytotox were chosen for cytokine release inhibition analysis. Compound Z92 was also analyzed at 5uM and lOuM.
  • FIGS. 20A and 20B show results of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
  • Compound Z95 For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. For cytotox on HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) compound was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates. Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) without compounds.
  • FIGS. 21A-21D show human and dog results of a cytokine release experiment - parent compound for dogs and human PBMC, for Compound D28. All compounds were tested at 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. Dog PBMC (1 x 106 cells/mL) were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) without (0%) PMA + ionomycin activation. [0052] FIGS. 22A and 22B show results of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
  • Compound Z17 For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. For cytotox on HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) compound was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates. Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) without compounds.
  • FIGS. 23A and 23B show results of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
  • Compound Z33 For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. For cytotox on HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) compound was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates. Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) without compounds.
  • FIG. 24 shows results of a cytokines release by hPBMC for Compound E56.
  • FIGS. 25A and 25B show results of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
  • Compound Z96 For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. For cytotox on HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) compound was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates. Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls without (100%) compounds.
  • FIGS. 26A and 26B show results of cytokine release by hPBMC and cytotox for
  • FIGS. 27A-27D show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection, respectively, for
  • FIGS. 27E and 27F show toxicity of Compound D28.
  • FIGS. 28A-28D show the results of a cytokine release experiment for dog and human
  • FIGS. 29, 30 31A, 31B and 32 show exemplary methods of formulating the compounds that have been discussed herein.
  • FIGS. 33A and 33B and 34A-34D show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection, respectively, for Compound E21.
  • FIGS. 35A to 35D show the results of a cytokine release experiment for dog and human PBMC, for Compound E21.
  • FIG. 36 shows additional compounds related to compound E21 that were tested herein.
  • FIG. 37 shows additional compounds that were synthesized and tested according to the present embodiments.
  • FIG. 38A and 38B, 39A-39D and 40A-40D show results of testing on Compound Fl.
  • FIG. 41 shows the general SAR strategy for testing Compound Fl and compounds related to it in structure; by dividing the active molecule into four domains (Domains A through D), and evaluating each domain independently to establish SAR trends.
  • FIG. 42 shows an exemplary synthesis of a boronate compound, and the results of other exemplary syntheses of compounds comprising boronate, and the relative proportions of resultant compounds.
  • FIG. 43 shows methods of synthesis of certain compounds found to be useful for the embodiments herein.
  • FIGS. 44A and 44B and 45A-D show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection, respectively, for Compound Pl.
  • FIGS. 46A and 46B show the results of a cytokine release experiment for dog and human PBMC, for Compound P 1.
  • FIGS. 47A and 47B show NR2F6 agonist activity of various compounds discussed herein.
  • FIGS. 48-51 show synthesis of various additional compounds discussed herein.
  • FIGS. 52A and 52B show synthesis of Compounds Zl 19, Z120, Z121 and Z123.
  • FIG. 53-55 shows synthesis of additional compounds herein.
  • FIGS. 56A and 56B show Nr2F6 agonist activity for various compounds discussed herein.
  • FIGS. 57 and 58 show synthesis of various compounds discussed herein.
  • FIGS. 59A-D show further results for firefly, renila and pGL4 for Compounds D104,
  • FIGS. 60A-60C show further results for cytokines release inhibition for Compounds
  • FIGS. 61A-61E show further results of cytokine release by hPBMC for Compound
  • FIGS. 62A and 62B show stability in plasma (human plasma and rat plasma) and various pH solubility data for Compound D136.
  • FIGS. 63A and 63B show stability in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), respectively, for Compound D136.
  • FIGS. 64A and 64B show microsomal stability in human liver microsomes and rat liver microsomes, respectively, for Compound D136.
  • FIGS. 65A and 65B show data for PK in rat plasma for Compound D136.
  • FIGS. 66A and 66B show data for PK in mice plasma for Compound D136.
  • FIGS. 67-70 show synthesis of additional compounds herein.
  • “disease” or“disorder” are used interchangeably and mean a disorder of structure or function in any living thing (including but not limited to a human, animal, or plant), especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.
  • “mammal” means a warm-blooded vertebrate animal of a class that is distinguished by the possession of hair or fur, the secretion of milk by females for the nourishment of the young, and (typically) the birth of live young.
  • “human” means a person.
  • “animal” or“non-human mammal” means any non-human animal, including but not limited to: a canine (e.g., a dog), a feline (e.g, a cat), a rodent, an ungulate (e.g., a cow or ox), an equine (e.g., a horse), or a primate.
  • modulator means a molecule that alters the basal activity of
  • NR2F6 either positively (activates it or increases it) or negatively (represses, suppresses or decreases it).“Modulating” means the act of the modulator, either positive or negative.
  • a compound of the technology herein can be, in various embodiments, a modulator of NR2F6, for example, at an effective concentration or in an effective amount, but not be a modulator of any other receptor, or not a modulator at any other amount of NR2F6 or any other receptor. This can provide selectivity of effect of a compound of the technology herein when administered to a patient for treatment of any disease.
  • one diastereomer or one enantiomer of a compound of the present technology can display superior biological activity compared with the other.
  • separation of the diastereomeric mixture or the racemic material can be achieved by HPLC, optionally using a chiral column or by using a resolving agent such as camphonic chloride for the resolution of enantiomers.
  • a chiral compound described herein can also be directly synthesized using a chiral catalyst or a chiral ligand.
  • one deuterated or tritiated compound of the present technology can display superior biological activity compared with one or more others.
  • separation of the material can be achieved by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the present technology is directed to methods of modulating the immune system using compounds that alter activity of NR2F6.
  • compounds herein can be utilized for stimulation of NR2F6 activity, alone, or in combination with, for example, PKC activation. In certain embodiments, the compounds herein can be utilized for inhibition of NR2F6 activity, alone or in combination with, for example, anti-PDl, anti-PDLl or anti-CTLA4 antibodies.
  • the methods are directed to the stimulation of NR2F6 for, e.g., induction of immune inhibition, or stimulation of cellular proliferation without significant induction of differentiation. Inhibition of NR2F6 can be desirable in situations where a clinician seeks to augment immune response, or induce cellular differentiation.
  • inhibition of NR2F6 expression can be desirable in situations where inhibition of cancer or cancer stem cells is desired.
  • activation of NR2F6 expression can be desirable in situations where inhibition of the immune system is desired, for example, in connection with autoimmune disorders.
  • NRs by different structural classes of endogenous ligands, such as the steroid and thyroid hormones, lipids, vitamins and other biochemicals, is an important part of their function.
  • endogenous ligands such as the steroid and thyroid hormones, lipids, vitamins and other biochemicals.
  • the 48 NR family members are classified into subgroups based on the identification of endogenous ligands for each receptor.
  • the endocrine receptors include the steroid hormone receptors that bind steroid hormones and the heterodimeric receptors that partner with the retinoid X receptor and bind thyroid hormones, retinoids, and vitamin D.
  • SRMs selective receptor modulators
  • ER selective estrogen receptor
  • Adopted orphan receptors are a subtype of NRs that are subdivided into groups based on their ligands.
  • the lipid sensor receptor subtypes and their ligands include retinoid X receptor (9- cis -retinoic acid), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (fatty acids), liver X receptor (oxysterols), famesoid X receptor (bile acids), and pregnane X receptor, which binds cholesterol derivatives.
  • retinoid X receptor (9- cis -retinoic acid), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (fatty acids), liver X receptor (oxysterols), famesoid X receptor (bile acids), and pregnane X receptor, which binds cholesterol derivatives.
  • PPARs peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
  • fatty acids fatty acids
  • liver X receptor oxysterols
  • any of these can be utilized by one of skill in the art to practice the methods of the present technology, which provides compounds useful for modulating the NR2F6 nuclear receptor.
  • Methods of modulating PPARs are also amenable to utilization in the context of the current technology, whose methodologies can, in various embodiments, be adapted for use with the compounds discussed herein for treatment of cancer or immune modulation.
  • PPARs three subtypes of the PPAR family are PPARa, PPARy, and
  • PPARr PPARr
  • PPARy is abundantly expressed in many cell types, where it regulates lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, tumor progression, and inflammation.
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and linoleic acid have been identified as endogenous ligands for PPARy.
  • the thiazolidinedione class of compounds function as high-affinity synthetic agonists for PPARy subsequent to exposure to specific ligands.
  • PPARy forms a heterodimer complex with retinoid X receptor, which then mediates the target gene expression.
  • NR2F6 specific compounds can be substituted for those described for PPAR.
  • the enigmatic orphan receptor subtype can include the constitutive androstane receptor (androstane and many drugs or xenobiotics), hepatocyte nuclear factor-4, and steroidogenic factor- l/liver receptor homolog l(LRH-l) (phospholipids), retinoid acid-related orphan receptor (cholesterol and retinoic acids), and estrogen-related receptor (estrogens). These can be useful in methods of performing immunotherapy that include NR2F6 modulators.
  • the orphan receptors are the third class of NRs.
  • the crystal structure of the ligand binding domain of the orphan receptor Nurrl shows that several hydrophobic residues protrude into the ligand-binding pocket, and atypical coactivator-binding site is lacking, suggesting that some orphan receptors may not bind ligands.
  • the orphan receptors play important roles in cellular homeostasis and diseases including cancer, and several recent reports document the expression and potential functions of orphan receptors in different tumors and cancer cell lines.
  • Breast tumors are routinely classified as ER + or ER . and expression of ER has prognostic significance that influences selection of therapeutic regimens.
  • analysis of ER + and ER tumors for expression (mRNA) of all 48 NRs also demonstrated the important prognostic significance of several orphan receptors.
  • NR4A Neuronal Component NR4A
  • NR2F6 v-erbA -related protein (EAR2)] receptors
  • ER + and ER combined tumors NR4A
  • NR2F6 v-erbA -related protein (EAR2)] receptors
  • EAR2F6 v-erbA -related protein (EAR2)] receptors
  • EAR2F6 v-erbA -related protein
  • NR profiling of the NCI60 cancer cell panel demonstrated that relative expression levels of some orphan receptors also correlated with drug sensitivity.
  • cancer cell sensitivity to microtubule-disrupting drugs has been found to be enhanced in cells expressing low levels ofNR2F6 and COUP-TFII, whereas high levels of the orphan receptor tailless (TEX, NR2E1) correlated with sensitivity to 9-fluoroprednisolone.
  • NR2F6 means“nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 6” or“Ear2.”
  • Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that regulate the expression of specific target genes, thereby orchestrating a wide array of cellular processes including cellular activation, development and disease progression.
  • the nuclear receptor super-family includes receptors that bind to hormones and orphan receptors with yet undefined endogenous ligands.
  • NR2F6 can be a target in cancer immunotherapy or autoimmune suppression.
  • the COUP-TF orphan receptors are preferentially expressed in the central nervous system and organs that depend on the interaction between mesenchyme and epithelial layers.
  • the three mammalian COUP-TF family members are NR2Fl/Ear3, NR2F2/Arpl and NR2F6.
  • the established target genes of said COUP-TF family members are apolipoproteins and retinoic acid-, peroxisome-, oxytocin-, estrogen- and vitamin D receptors.
  • yeast 1 -hybrid screen and in vitro assays with recombinant NR2F6 it was found that the TGACCT direct-repeat motif is the DNA binding sequence of NR2F6, and that overexpression of NR2F6 induces repression of the renin gene transcription in a DNA-binding-specific manner.
  • Wild type human/animal NR2F6 is known to possess the following nucleotide sequence: 1 gtgcagcccg tgcccccgc gcgccggggc cgaatgcgcg ccgcgtaggg tcccccgggc 61 cgagaggggt gcccggaggg aagagcgcgg tgggggcgccccccgc tgccctgggg 121 ctatggccat ggtgaccggc ggctggggcg gcccggcgg cgacacgaac ggcgtggaca 181 aggcgggcgg ctacccgcgc gcggccgagg acgactcggc ctcgccccc ggtgccgcca 241 gcgacgccg
  • the present technology is directed to compounds that bind to a portion or all of an NR2F6 molecule; or any molecule that is, in various embodiments, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of NR2F6.
  • the terms“agonist” or“activator” are used interchangeably and mean a compound or substance capable of fully or partially stimulating the physiologic activity of one or more specific receptors.
  • an agonist can therefore stimulate the physiological activity of a receptor such as NR2F6 upon binding of said compound substance to said receptor.
  • an“agonist” or“activator” can be used to“activate,” “stimulate” or“increase activity” of a cell.
  • binding of an“agonist” or“activator” to a given receptor can mimic the action of an endogenous ligand binding to said receptor.
  • a given receptor e.g., NR2F6
  • the term“agonist” also encompasses partial agonists or co-agonists or co-activators.
  • an“agonist” or“activator” of NR2F6 as used herein can also be capable of stimulating the function of a given receptor, such as NR2F6, by inducing or enhancing the expression of the nucleic acid molecule encoding for said receptor.
  • an agonist or activator of NR2F6 can, in certain embodiments, lead to an increased expression level of NR2F6 (e.g., increased level of NR2F6 mRNA, NR2F6 protein) which is reflected in an increased activity of NR2F6.
  • This increased activity can be measured or detected by the methods herein.
  • an activator of NR2F6 in accordance with the present technology can, in certain embodiments, also encompass transcriptional activators of NR2F6 expression that are capable of enhancing NR2F6 function.
  • “agonist” includes a partial agonist.
  • “Partial agonists” mean candidate molecules that behave like agonists, but that, even at high concentrations, cannot activate NR2F6 to the same extent as a full agonist.
  • the increased expression or activity of NR2F6 by an agonist or activator of NR2F6 can lead to decreased activity (or expression) of components of the NR2F6-dependent signaling pathway; in particular the activity of NF-AT and AP-l can be decreased.
  • NF-AT/AP-l regulate transcription/expression of further "downstream" components of the NR2F6-dependent signaling pathway, such as IL-2, IL-17 and/or IFN-gamma.
  • a decrease in NF-AT/AP-l activity can result in a decreased transcription of these "downstream” components (e.g., IL-2, IL-17 and/or IFN-gamma) which in turn leads to a suppression of an immune response.
  • an agonist or activator of NR2F6 can lead to suppression of an immune response.
  • the use of potent agonists/activators of NR2F6 can lead to a higher expression or activity of NR2F6.
  • NR2F6 can be considered its own“agonist” or“activator.”
  • NR2F6 can lead to enhanced NR2F6 activity, thus agonizing NR2F6 function.
  • NR2F6 as defined herein can, in certain embodiments, be used for the treatment of a disease related to an augmented immune response.
  • NR2F6 can be used in accordance with certain embodiments of the present technology, wherein NR2F6 is any of the following: (a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid encoded by a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleic acid sequence of NR2F6; (b) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence of NR2F6; (c) a polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid molecule encoding a peptide having an NR2F6 amino acid sequence; (d) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid encoded by a nucleic acid molecule hybridizing to the complementary strand of nucleic acid molecules as defined in (a) or (c) and encoding a NR2F6 or a functional fragment thereof; (e) a polypeptide having at least 60% homology to the polypeptide of any one of (a) to (d), whereby said polypeptide is a NR2F6 or a functional fragment thereof; or (f
  • NR2F6 is also shown in the appended examples. As demonstrated therein, overexpression (about 5- fold increase over normal expression level) can lead to a diminished IL-2 activity/expression and consequently to a reduced IL-2 amount, resulting in a reduced immune response.
  • agonists/activators of NR2F6 are useful in the treatment of diseases where suppression of the immune response is desired (e.g., diseases with an overstimulated immune response, such as allergies and multiple sclerosis).
  • diseases with an overstimulated immune response such as allergies and multiple sclerosis.
  • the term“overexpression” means that the NR2F6 activity/expression is, in various embodiments, at least l-fold, at least 2-fold, at least 3-fold, at least 4-fold, at least 5-fold, at least 6-fold, at least 7-fold, at least 8-fold, at least 9-fold, at least 10-fold, or at least 25 -fold increased in comparison to a (control) standard value as defined herein, wherein a value of 25 fold expression level or greater over normal can be considered as a maximum overexpression level.
  • “antagonist” or“inhibitor” are used interchangeably and mean a compound or substance capable of fully or partially suppressing or inhibiting the physiologic activity of one or more specific receptors.
  • an antagonist can therefore suppress the physiological activity of a receptor upon binding of said compound substance to said receptor but does not activate the receptor and therefore blocks the activity of other agonists.
  • an“antagonist” or“inhibitor” can be used to“deactivate,”“inhibit,” “suppress” or“decrease activity” of a cell.
  • the terms“immune response” or“immune reaction” are used interchangeably and mean the response or reaction of the immune system to an antigen.
  • immune cells are activated in such way that one or more specific functions of said immune cells can be induced.
  • The“immune cells” can include, but are not limited to, B cells, T cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic cells.
  • said“specific fimction(s) of activated immune cells” can include, but are not limited to, secretion of antibodies, presentation of antigen, proliferation of said immune cells, secretion of cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin- 17 (IL-17), interleukin- 18 (IL-18), or interferon gamma (IFNgamma), expression of regulatory-, activation- or adhesion molecules, and the ability to induce apoptosis or cytolysis.
  • cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin- 17 (IL-17), interleukin- 18 (IL-18), or interferon gamma (IFNgamma)
  • IFNgamma interferon gamma
  • the term“antigen” means any substance capable of inducing an immune response.
  • An antigen typically is associated with a foreign substance (i.e. a“non-self antigen”).
  • a“self antigen” an own body-derived substance (i.e., a“self antigen”) can also induce an immune response.
  • the term“immune response” also encompasses autoimmune responses or autoimmune reactions.
  • the technology herein is directed to a method of treating or reducing the effect of an autoimmune response, reaction, disease or disorder, the method comprising activating the NR2F6 target in isolated immune cells by binding them with a compound according to the present technology.
  • “treating a cancer,”“inhibiting cancer” or“reducing cancer growth” are used interchangeably and mean inhibiting or preventing oncogenic activity of cancer cells.
  • Oncogenic activity can comprise stimulating migration, invasion, drug resistance, cell survival, anchorage-independent growth, non-responsiveness to cell death signals, angiogenesis, or combinations thereof of the cancer cells.
  • agents suitable for use in treating a cancer or reducing the growth rate of a tumor include, but are not limited to, small organic molecules, peptides, proteins, peptidomimetics, nucleic acids, antibodies and combinations thereof.
  • such agents can be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and can be administered: intravenously, orally, buccally, sublingually, parenterally, by inhalation, by nasal administration, by insufflation, by topical application, transdermally, by cutaneous injection, or by local administration.
  • An agent can additionally be administered in conjunction with one or more anti cancer chemotherapeutic agent in an additive or synergistic manner.
  • cancer As used herein,“cancer,”“cancer cell,”“tumor” and“tumor cell” are used interchangeably and mean a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells (e.g., a neoplasia). These can include solid tumor cancer, liquid tumor cancer and metastatic disease. In some forms of cancer, the cancer cells can spread locally or through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body (“metastatic cancer”).
  • ex vivo activated lymphocytes “ex vivo activated lymphocytes,”“lymphocytes with enhanced antitumor activity” and“dendritic cell cytokine induced killers” are used interchangeably and mean composition of cells that have been activated ex vivo and subsequently reintroduced within the context of the current disclosure.
  • lymphocyte this also includes heterogeneous cells that have been expanded during the ex vivo culturing process including dendritic cells, NKT cells, gamma delta T cells, and various other innate and adaptive immune cells.
  • cancer means any disease caused by uncontrolled division or growth of abnormal cells, and any malignant growth or tumor resultant from such uncontrolled division or growth.
  • cancer includes all types of cancer or neoplasm or malignant tumors found in animals, including leukemias, carcinomas and sarcomas.
  • cancers include, but are not limited to: cancer of the brain, skin (including melanoma), breast, cervix, head and neck, kidney, lung, non-small cell lung, mesothelioma, sarcoma, any internal organ (including bladder, stomach, liver, pancreas, uterus, ovary, prostate, colon) and Medulloblastoma.
  • leukemia means a broadly progressive, malignant disease of the hematopoietic organs or systems and is generally characterized by a distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow.
  • Leukemia diseases include, but are not limited to: acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia, B cell lymphoma, aleukemic leukemia, a leukocythemic leukemia, basophilic leukemia, blast cell leukemia, bovine leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, leukemia cutis, embryonal leukemia, eosinophilic leukemia, Gross' leukemia, Rieder cell leukemia, Schilling's leukemia, stem cell leukemia, subleukemic leukemia, undifferentiated cell leukemia, hairy-cell leukemia, hemoblastic leukemia, hemocytoblastic leukemia, histiocytic leukemia, stem cell leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, leukopenic
  • carcinoma means a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues, or resist physiological and non- physiological cell death signals and give rise to metastases.
  • exemplary carcinomas include, but are not limited to: acinar carcinoma, acinous carcinoma, adenocystic carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, carcinoma adenomatosum, carcinoma of adrenal cortex, alveolar carcinoma, alveolar cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, carcinoma basocellulare, basaloid carcinoma, basosquamous cell carcinoma, bronchioalveolar carcinoma, bronchiolar carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, cerebriform carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma, chorionic carcinoma, colloid carcinoma, comedo carcinoma, corpus carcinoma, cribriform carcinoma, carcinoma en cuirasse, carcinoma cutaneum, cylindrical carcinoma, cylindrical cell carcinoma, duct carcinoma, carcinoma durum, embryonal carcinoma, encephaloid carcinoma, epiennoid carcinoma, carcinoma epithelia
  • intraepidermal carcinoma intraepithelial carcinoma, Krompecher's carcinoma, Kulchitzky-cell carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, lenticular carcinoma, carcinoma lenticulare, lipomatous carcinoma, lymphoepithelial carcinoma, carcinoma medullare, medullary carcinoma, melanotic carcinoma, carcinoma molle, mucinous carcinoma, carcinoma muciparum, carcinoma mucocellulare, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, carcinoma mucosum, mucous carcinoma, carcinoma myxomatodes, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oat cell carcinoma, carcinoma ossificans, osteoid carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, periportal carcinoma, preinvasive carcinoma, prickle cell carcinoma, pultaceous carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma of kidney, reserve cell carcinoma, carcinoma sarcomatodes, Schneiderian carcinoma, scirrhous carcinoma, and carcinoma scroti.
  • sarcoma means a tumor which is made up of a substance like the embryonic connective tissue and is generally composed of closely packed cells embedded in a fibrillar, heterogeneous, or homogeneous substance. Sarcomas include, but are not limited to:
  • chondrosarcoma fibrosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, melanosarcoma, myxosarcoma, osteosarcoma, endometrial sarcoma, stromal sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, fascial sarcoma, fibroblastic sarcoma, giant cell sarcoma, Abemethy's sarcoma, adipose sarcoma, liposarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, ameloblastic sarcoma, botryoid sarcoma, chloroma sarcoma, chorio carcinoma, embryonal sarcoma, Wilms’ tumor sarcoma, granulocytic sarcoma, Hodgkin's sarcoma, idiopathic multiple pigmented hemorrhagic sarcoma, immunoblastic sarcoma of B
  • Additional exemplary neoplasias include, for example, Hodgkin's Disease, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, primary
  • thrombocytosis primary macroglobulinemia, small-cell lung tumors, primary brain tumors, stomach cancer, colon cancer, malignant pancreatic insulanoma, malignant carcinoid, premalignant skin lesions, testicular cancer, lymphomas, thyroid cancer, neuroblastoma, esophageal cancer, genitourinary tract cancer, malignant hypercalcemia, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and adrenal cortical cancer.
  • the cancer treated is a melanoma.
  • the term“melanoma” means a tumor arising from the melanocytic system of the skin or other organs.
  • Melanomas include, for example, Harding-Passey melanoma, juvenile melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, malignant melanoma, acral-lentiginous melanoma, amelanotic melanoma, benign juvenile melanoma, Cloudman's melanoma, S91 melanoma, nodular melanoma subungual melanoma, and superficial spreading melanoma.
  • the term“polypeptide” is used interchangeably with“peptide,”“altered peptide ligand” and“fluorocarbonated peptides.”
  • the term“pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active compound, use thereof in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active compounds can also be incorporated into the compositions herein.
  • a T cell includes any of: a CD8-positive T cell (cytotoxic T cell: CTL), a CD4 + T cell (helper T cell), a suppressor T cell, a regulatory T cell such as a controlling T cell, an effector cell, a naive T cell, a memory T cell, an alpha (a) beta (b) T cell expressing TCR a and b chains, and a gamma (g) delta (d) T cell expressing TCR g and d chains.
  • the T cell includes a precursor cell of a T cell in which differentiation into a T cell is directed.
  • “cell populations containing T cells” include, in addition to body fluids such as blood (peripheral blood, umbilical blood etc.) and bone marrow fluids, cell populations containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), hematopoietic cells, hematopoietic stem cells, umbilical blood mononuclear cells etc., which have been collected, isolated, purified or induced from the body fluids.
  • body fluids such as blood (peripheral blood, umbilical blood etc.) and bone marrow fluids
  • PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  • hematopoietic cells hematopoietic stem cells
  • umbilical blood mononuclear cells etc. which have been collected, isolated, purified or induced from the body fluids.
  • hematopoietic cells can be used in connection with the embodiments of the present technology. These cells may have been activated by cytokine such as IL-2 in vivo or ex vivo, and can be collected in any known way, for example, collected from a living body; obtained via ex vivo culture, for example, a T cell population obtained by a method herein; or obtained by freeze preservation.
  • cytokine such as IL-2 in vivo or ex vivo
  • the term“antibody” means both intact molecules as well as fragments thereof that include the antigen -binding site.
  • Whole antibody structure is often given as H 2 L 2 and refers to the fact that antibodies commonly comprise 2 light (L) amino acid chains and 2 heavy (H) amino acid chains. Both chains have regions capable of interacting with a structurally complementary antigenic target. The regions interacting with the target are referred to as “variable” or “V” regions and are characterized by differences in amino acid sequence from antibodies of different antigenic specificity.
  • the variable regions of either H or L chains contain the amino acid sequences capable of specifically binding to antigenic targets. Within these sequences are smaller sequences dubbed "hypervariable" because of their extreme variability between antibodies of differing specificity.
  • CDR regions Such hypervariable regions are also referred to as “complementarity determining regions” or “CDR” regions. These CDR regions account for the basic specificity of the antibody for a particular antigenic determinant structure.
  • the CDRs represent non-contiguous stretches of amino acids within the variable regions but, regardless of species, the positional locations of these critical amino acid sequences within the variable heavy and light chain regions have been found to have similar locations within the amino acid sequences of the variable chains.
  • the variable heavy and light chains of all antibodies each have 3 CDR regions, each non-contiguous with the others (termed Ll, L2, L3, Hl,
  • H2, H3 for the respective light (L) and heavy (H) chains.
  • the antibodies discussed herein can also be wholly synthetic, wherein the polypeptide chains of the antibodies are synthesized and, possibly, optimized for binding to the polypeptides disclosed herein as being receptors.
  • Such antibodies can be, in various embodiments, chimeric or humanized antibodies, and can be fully tetrameric in structure, or can be dimeric and comprise only a single heavy and a single light chain.
  • the terms“effective amount” or“therapeutically effective amount” are used interchangeably and mean a dosage sufficient to treat, inhibit, or alleviate one or more symptoms of a disease state being treated or to otherwise provide a desired pharmacologic or physiologic effect, especially enhancing T cell response to a selected antigen.
  • the precise dosage in any given embodiment can vary according to a variety of factors such as subject-dependent variables (e.g., age, immune system health, etc.), the disease, and the treatment being administered.
  • the terms“individual,”“host,”“subject” and“patient” are used interchangeably and mean a mammal, including, but not limited to, primates, for example, human beings, as well as rodents, such as mice and rats, and other laboratory animals or any other animals mentioned herein.
  • the compounds or compositions discussed herein can be general compounds or compositions useful for any purpose, pharmaceutical compounds or compositions, or animal (e.g., veterinary) compounds or compositions.
  • “treat,”“treating” or“treatment” means an alleviation of symptoms associated with a disorder or disease, or inhibition of further progression or worsening of those symptoms, or prevention or prophylaxis of the disease or disorder; and includes: (i) preventing a pathologic condition from occurring (e.g., prophylaxis); (ii) inhibiting the pathologic condition or arresting its development (e.g., slowing or stopping proliferation of cancer cells or tumor growth); (iii) relieving the pathologic condition; or (iv) diminishing symptoms associated with the pathologic condition.
  • a pathologic condition from occurring (e.g., prophylaxis)
  • inhibiting the pathologic condition or arresting its development e.g., slowing or stopping proliferation of cancer cells or tumor growth
  • relieving the pathologic condition e.g., slowing or stopping proliferation of cancer cells or tumor growth
  • diminishing symptoms associated with the pathologic condition e.g., slowing or stopping proliferation of cancer cells or tumor growth
  • the term“treatment regimen” means a treatment of a disease or a method for achieving a desired physiological change, such as increased or decreased response of the immune system to an antigen or immunogen, such as an increase or decrease in the number or activity of one or more cells, or cell types, that are involved in such response.
  • the treatment or method comprises administering to an animal, such as a mammal, a sufficient amount of one or more (in certain embodiments two or more) chemical agents or components of said regimen to effectively treat a disease or to produce said physiological change.
  • the two or more agents or components are administered together, such as part of the same composition, or administered separately and independently at the same time or at different times (i.e.. administration of each agent or component is separated by a finite period of time from one or more of the agents or components).
  • administration of said one or more agents or components achieves a result greater than that of any of said agents or components when administered alone or in isolation.
  • the terms“anergy” or“unresponsiveness” are used interchangeably and include unresponsiveness to an immune cell to stimulation, for example, stimulation by an activation receptor or cytokine.
  • Anergy can occur due to, for example, exposure to an immune suppressor or exposure to an antigen in a high dose. Such anergy is generally antigen-specific, and can continue even after completion of exposure to a tolerized antigen.
  • the anergy in a T cell and/or NK cell can be characterized by failure of production of cytokine, e.g., interleukin (IL)-2.
  • IL interleukin
  • the T cell anergy and/or NK cell anergy can occur in part when a first signal (signal via TCR or CD- 3) is received in the absence of a second signal (costimulatory signal) upon exposure of a T cell and/or NK cell to an antigen.
  • the terms“enhanced function of a T cell,”“enhanced cytotoxicity” and“augmented activity” are used interchangeably and mean that the effector function of the T cell or NK cell is improved.
  • the enhanced function of the T cell or NK cell can include any of the following: an improvement in the proliferation rate of the T cell or NK cell, an increase in the production amount of cytokine, or an improvement in cytotoxity.
  • the enhanced function of the T cell or NK cell includes cancellation or suppression of tolerance of the T cell or NK cell in the suppressed state such as the anergy (unresponsive) state, or the rest state, that is, transfer of the T cell or NK cell from the suppressed state into the state where the T cell or NK cell responds to stimulation from the outside.
  • the suppressed state such as the anergy (unresponsive) state, or the rest state, that is, transfer of the T cell or NK cell from the suppressed state into the state where the T cell or NK cell responds to stimulation from the outside.
  • “expression” means generation of mRNA by transcription from nucleic acids such as genes, polynucleotides, and oligonucleotides, or generation of a protein or a polypeptide by transcription from mRNA. Expression can be detected by any method including RT- PCR, Northern Blot, or in situ hybridization.
  • “suppression of expression” means a decrease of a transcription product or a translation product in a significant amount as compared with the case of no suppression. The suppression of expression herein shows, in various embodiments, a decrease of a transcription product or a translation product in amounts of 30% or more, 50% or more, 70% or more, or 90% or more.
  • augmented immune response means characterized by a particularly strong response or reaction of the immune system to the presence of an antigen. Under normal, non- pathological conditions, immune responses are regulated in a tightly controlled fashion. Moreover, immune responses are self-limiting and decline in time after exposure to the antigen. In case of an “augmented immune response” however, the immune response can be hypersensitive, i.e., the immune response can cause damage to the organism's own cells or tissue in presence of an antigen. Furthermore, in some cases of an“augmented immune response,” for example in auto-immune diseases or disorders or in transplant rejects (and the like), the immune system can fail to distinguish between self and non-self substances. As used herein,“disease related to an augmented immune response” accordingly relates to any disease or disorder in which an augmented immune response is etiological for, associated with, secondary to or the resultant of said disorder.
  • an augmented immune response can be determined by directly or indirectly measuring parameters that are indicative for the magnitude of the immune response or reaction to an antigen, and comparing the outcome of said measurement with the outcome of the same test in a physiologically normal subject.
  • Parameters indicative for the magnitude of the immune response/reaction can include, but are not limited to: the presence or quantity of (specific) antibodies; the presence or quantity of (specific) immune cells; the presence or quantity of (specific) cytokines; or the presence or quantity of (specific) regulatory-, activation- or adhesion molecules.
  • the disease related to an augmented immune response is any of the following: [00143] an acute or chronic transplant rejection, including septic shock, infections caused by bacteria including MRSA and viruses;
  • a dermatological disease for example, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis or contact allergy;
  • T- and B-cell-mediated inflammatory disease for example, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD);
  • COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • graft-versus-host disease for example, acute (or fulminant) graft-versus-host disease or chronic graft-versus-host disease; or
  • auto-immune disease for example, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, like ulcerative colitis or Behcet's disease; vasculitis, lupus erythematosus, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, mixed collective tissue disease (MCTD) rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus (whether Type 1 or Type 2), celiac disease, celiac sprue disease, atherosclerosis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Grave's disease, autoimmune
  • hepatitis/hepatic autoimmune diseases autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, granulomatosis (e.g., morbus Wegener), Sjogren’s Syndrome, scleroderma, alopecia areata or autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
  • T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation activates NF-AT/AP-l, a family of transcription factors that is of particular importance during immune cell activation.
  • NF-AT mediates the transcriptional induction of “cell fate -determining genes,” which govern as diverse outcomes as activation, anergy or apoptosis.
  • the rise of intracellular Ca 2+ triggered by antigen binding to the TCR can lead to the activation of calcineurin's phosphatase activity.
  • NF-AT nuclear import of NF-AT.
  • feedback inhibition mediated via GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3), CK1 (casein kinase 1) and DYRK (dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase) protein kinases can counter-regulate NF-AT nuclear occupancy by rephosphorylation, which induces the nuclear export of NF-AT and the abort of immune activation-associated gene transcription.
  • NF- AT family members are also subject to regulation in the nucleus through their ability to directly interact with other transcriptional regulatory factors.
  • NF-AT requires a protein partner for high- affinity binding at most DNA sites.
  • NF-AT complexes mostly contain cell type- or cell lineage- specific protein binding partners.
  • NF-AT forms complexes with GATA proteins.
  • the present technology is directed to agonists or activators of NR2F6 for the treatment of a disease related to an augmented immune response.
  • the present technology is directed to the use of an agonist or activator of NR2F6 for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease related to an augmented immune response.
  • the utilization of NR2F6 modulating compounds for alteration of immune response can be utilized by administering in patients suffering from cancer in which increased efficacy of a cancer vaccine is desired. In these situations, inhibition of NR2F6 is desirable, optionally in addition to immune stimulation.
  • the compositions herein can comprise any of the following:
  • agonists/activators of NR2F6 in combination with: (i) one or more additional immune enhancers (ii) CAR-T cell therapy (which can reduce side effects); or (iii) autologous cell therapies, e.g., dendritic cells, anti -PD 1 and antiCTLA4 antibodies, PMBC, or umbilical vein cord blood-derived cells.
  • additional immune enhancers e.g., CAR-T cell therapy (which can reduce side effects); or
  • autologous cell therapies e.g., dendritic cells, anti -PD 1 and antiCTLA4 antibodies, PMBC, or umbilical vein cord blood-derived cells.
  • additional immune suppressants e.g., one or more additional immune suppressants
  • CAR-T cell therapy which can reduce side effects
  • autologous cell therapies e.g., dendritic cells, anti -PD 1 and antiCTLA4 antibodies, PMBC, or umbilical vein cord blood-derived cells.
  • inhibitor compounds of NR2F6 are administered with a cancer antigen, said cancer antigens include ROBO-4.
  • the antigens can be used to replace ROBO-4.
  • These can include any of the following: a) Fos-related antigen 1; b) LCK; c) FAP; d) VEGFR2; e) NA17; f) PDGFR-beta; g) PAP; h) MAD-CT-2; i) Tie-2; j) PSA; k) protamine 2; l)legumain; m) endosialin; n) prostate stem cell antigen; o)carbonic anhydrase IX; p) STn; q) Page4; r) proteinase 3; s) GM3 ganglioside; t) tyrosinase; u) MART1; v) gplOO; w) SART3
  • the assessment of compounds for NR2F6 modulating activity is performed utilizing means known in the art, such as described in U.S, Patent No. 9,091,696.
  • Compounds useful for the screening and modification for enhanced NR2F6 modulatory activity include: CAR Agonists such as 5 -Dihydroprogesterone, 6,7-Dimethylesculetin, Amiodarone, Artemisinin, Benfuracarb, Carbamazepine, Carvedilol, Chlorpromazine, Chrysin, CITCO,
  • CAR Agonists such as 5 -Dihydroprogesterone, 6,7-Dimethylesculetin, Amiodarone, Artemisinin, Benfuracarb, Carbamazepine, Carvedilol, Chlorpromazine, Chrysin, CITCO,
  • Clotrimazole Cyclophosphamide, Cypermethrin, DHEA, Efavirenz, Ellagic acid, Griseofulvin, Methoxychlor, Mifepristone, Nefazodone, Nevirapine, Nicardipine, Octicizer, Permethrin,
  • CAR Antagonists such as 3.17p-Estradiol. 3a-Androstanol, 3a-Androstenol, 3 -Androstanol, l7-Androstanol, AITC, Ethinyl estradiol, Meclizine, Nigramide J, Okadaic acid, PK-11195, S-07662, T-0901317.
  • FXR Agonists such as Bile acids, cafestol, Chenodeoxycholic acid, Fexaramine, GW- 4064, Obeticholic acid.
  • FXR Antagonists such as Guggulsterone.
  • LXR Agonists such as 22R- Hydroxycholesterol, 24S-Hydroxycholesterol, 27-Hydroxycholesterol, Cholestenoic acid, DMHCA, GW-3965, Hypocholamide, T-0901317.
  • PPAR-alpha Agonists such as 15-HETE, 15-HrETE,
  • Aleglitazar Aluminum clofibrate, Arachidonic acid, Bezafibrate, Clofibrate, CP -775146, DHEA, Elafibranor, Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil, GW-7647, Leukotriene B4, LG-101506, LG-100754,
  • Perfluorononanoic acid Perfluorooctanoic acid, Pioglitazone, Saroglitazar, Sodelglitazar,
  • Tesaglitazar Tetradecylthioacetic acid, Troglitazone, WY- 14643.
  • PPAR-alpha Antagonists such as GW-6471, MK-886.
  • PPAR-delta Agonists such as 15-HETE, 15-HrETE, Arachidonic acid,
  • PPAR-delta Antagonists such as FH-535, GSK-0660, GSK-3787.
  • PPAR gamma agonists such as 5-Oxo-ETE, 5-Oxo-l5-hydroxy-ETE, 15 -Deoxy-A 12,14-prostaglandin J2, 15-HETE, 15-HrETE, Aleglitazar, Arachidonic acid, Berberine, Bezafibrate, Ciglitazone,
  • SSPARMS such as BADGE, EPI-001, INT-131, MK-0533, S26948.
  • PPAR gamma antagonists such as FH-535, GW-9662, SR-202, T-0070907.
  • PPAR nonselective agonists such as Ciprofibrate, Clinofibrate, Clofibride, Englitazone, Etofibrate, Farglitazar, Netoglitazone, Ronifibrate,
  • PXR Agonists such as 5a-Dihydroprogesterone, 5 -Dihydroprogesterone, l7a-Hydroxypregnenolone ,l7a-Hydroxyprogesterone, A4-Androstenedione, A5-Androstenediol, D5- Androstenedione, AA-861, Allopregnanolone, Alpha-Lipoic acid, Ambrisentan, AMI-193,
  • PXR Antagonist such as Ketoconazole.
  • RAR Agonists such as 9CDHRA, 9-cis-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin), AC-261066, AC-55649, Acitretin, Adapalene, all-trans-Retinoic acid (tretinoin), AM-580, BMS-493, BMS-753, BMS-961, CD-1530, CD-2314, CD-437, Ch-55, EC 23, Etretinate, Fenretinide,
  • RAR Antagonists such as BMS-195614, BMS-493, CD-2665, ER-50891, LE-135, MM-11253.
  • RXR Agonists such as 9CDHRA, 9-cis-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin), all-trans-Retinoic acid (tretinoin), Bexarotene, CD 3254, Docosahexaenoic acid, Fluorobexarotene, Isotretinoin, LG- 100268, LG-101506, LG-100754, Retinoic acid, Retinol (vitamin A), SR-l 1237.
  • RXR Antagonists such as HX-531, HX-630, LG-100754, PA-452, UVI-3003.
  • TR Agonists such as Dextrothyroxine, GC-l, Levothyroxine, Liothyronine, Thyroxine, Tiratricol, Triiodothyronine.
  • AC 1 MLR07 4-(2-methylimidazo [ 1 ,2-a]pyridin-3 -yl)-N -(3 -methylphenyl)- 1 ,3 -thiazol-2-amine, AGN-PC-09PPXW, Compound l5Jf, AC1MEEXM, ST50941838, [2-[(3-carbamoylthiophen-2- yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl] 2-naphthalen-l-ylacetate, F0239-0029, AC1OBZ0O, ST4126227, l-[(4- bromophenyl)methyl]-2-methylbenzimidazole, SMR000718391, MLS002694437, Chlormidazole, 2- methyl-l-(2-methylbenzyl)-lH-benzimidazole, MLS003119103, Ambcb904563 l l, AGN-PC- 04RX4B, MLS001
  • Additional compounds include 6-formylindolo (3,2-B) carbazole, 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide, 3,5-Dilodo-L-tyrosine, Rifampicin, and Z30972355.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a NR2F6 modulator, such as a NR2F6 inhibitor or NR2F6 activator, for use in the methods described herein.
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a NR2F6 inhibitor or NR2F6 activator in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent.
  • Such pharmaceutical composition can be, in various embodiments, a composition suitable for administering to a human, or to an animal (i.e., a veterinary pharmaceutical composition).
  • compositions herein can be used to inhibit NR2F6; or to activate NR2F6.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is used to treat a disease or a hematopoietic condition as described herein.
  • the NR2F6 inhibitors or NR2F6 activators can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for administration to subjects in a biologically compatible form suitable for administration in vivo.
  • biologically compatible form suitable for administration in vivo means a form of the substance to be administered in which any toxic effects are outweighed by the therapeutic effects.
  • the substances herein can be administered to living organisms including humans, and animals. Administration of a therapeutically active amount of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure is defined as an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary to achieve the desired result.
  • a therapeutically active amount of a substance can vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of inhibitor to elicit a desired response in the individual. Dosage regime can be adjusted to provide the optimum therapeutic response. For example, several divided doses can be administered daily or the dose can be proportionally reduced as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation.
  • the active substance can be administered by, e.g., injection
  • the active substance can, in certain embodiments, be coated in a material to protect the compound from the action of enzymes, acids and other natural conditions which could inactivate the compound.
  • the active substance can be formulated into delayed release formulations such that NR2F6 can be inhibited or activated for longer periods of time than a conventional formulation.
  • a method herein includes the following steps: (a) extraction of an amount of a patient’s cellular material, including, but not limited to: blood, saliva, sweat, or any portion of a tumor known or believed to be in a diseased state; (b) isolating immune cells from the cellular material; (c) inhibiting or activating the NR2F6 target in the extracted immune cells; and (d) re-administering the immune cells (for example, by injection) to the patient’s body. This can have the effect of“reprogramming” the immune cells to attack tumors or other invasive cells.
  • other types of a patient’s cellular material can also be extracted. These include, for example, any part of the blood (blood serum, red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets), any other material from the body that includes the patient’s cells (for example, skin, hair, nails, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, intravascular fluid, interstitial fluid, lymphatic fluid, transcellular fluid, exudates, lymph, sweat, sebum or serous fluid).
  • the re-administering of the immune cells to the patient’s body can be done by injection, introduction through the nose or mouth (for example, inhalation), skin or mucous membranes.
  • the present technology is directed to compounds alone or in combination with another medicament.
  • compounds herein include stereoisomers (including, e.g., enantiomers, diastereomers, cis-trans and E-Z isomers, conformers and atropisomers), tautomers, solvates, prodrugs, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and mixtures thereof.
  • Compositions containing a compound herein can be prepared by conventional techniques, and can appear in conventional forms, for example, oral dosage forms; or any ingestible, inhalable (e.g., through the mouth, nose or mucosa); or topical applications, e.g. , applicable to the skin, nails, eyes or the like.
  • These can include, in various embodiments, capsules, tablets, pills, cachets, dispersible granules, lozenges, aerosols, solutions, powders, suspensions, emulsions, gels, mousses, foams, drops, lotions, creams, paste, dragees, suppositories and any application deliverable to the body of a user.
  • dosages and compounds herein can be prepared and administered in a wide variety of oral, parenteral, and topical dosage forms, including, but not limited to, by injection (e.g., intravenously, intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously,
  • compositions described herein can be prepared by known methods for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable compositions which can be administered to subjects, such that an effective quantity of the active substance is combined in a mixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle.
  • the compositions can include, albeit not exclusively, solutions of the substances in association with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles or diluents, and contained in buffered solutions with a suitable pH and iso-osmotic with the physiological fluids.
  • a powder or tablet according to a dosage form herein can contain about 5 to about 75%, about 10 to about 70%, or about 15 to about 65% of the active compound.
  • Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to: magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like.
  • carriers for certain dosages can include aqueous solutions of dextrose, saline, water, organic solvents including ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, oils including peanut oil or sesame oil; or polyoxyethylene-block polymers.
  • Aqueous solutions or suspensions can be made by dispersing the finely divided active component in water or another solvent with viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other suspending agents.
  • the compounds or dosages herein can also be incorporated into liposomes or micelles, or administered via transdermal pumps or patches.
  • Some compounds may have limited solubility in water and therefore may require a surfactant or other appropriate co-solvent in the composition.
  • co-solvents include: Polysorbate 20, 60, and 80; Pluronic F-68, F-84, and P-103; cyclodextrin; and polyoxyl 35 castor oil; and in various embodiments, are present in amounts of about 0.01 to about 10%, about 0.05 to about 5% or about 0.1 to about 3% by weight.
  • viscosity building agents include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, chondroitin sulfate and salts thereof, hyaluronic acid and salts thereof, and combinations of the foregoing; and in various embodiments, are present in amounts of about 0.01 to about 10%, about 0.05 to about 5% or about 0.1 to about 3% by weight.
  • compositions herein can, in certain embodiments, additionally include components to provide sustained release or comfort.
  • components include, but are not limited to, high molecular weight, anionic mucomimetic polymers, gelling polysaccharides, finely-divided drug carrier substrates, emollients, humectants, moisturizers, essential oils, oils, lipids, fatty acids, glycerides, extracts of natural ingredients, soaps and waxes.
  • the present disclosure includes various compounds that were found to be modulators of NR2F6 activity and NR2F6 utilizing compounds, and the immune modulation and modulation of cancer stem cell activity. Exemplary compounds and methods are shown in the attached FIGS. 1-58. These compounds were initially found to be modulators of NR2F6 activity and NR2F6 utilizing compounds, and the immune modulation and modulation of cancer stem cell activity.
  • a compound herein can be in amorphous form, crystalline form, or a mixture thereof; as well as any polymorph or amorphous form, a solvate, a hydrate or an unsolvated form.
  • hit criteria was ACT% > DMSO control + 5*SD (DSO control) at 10 mM, or any compound with S/B > 2.
  • hit criteria was ACT% > DMSO control + 3*SD (DSO control) in each replicate at 10 mM.
  • hit criteria was mean ACT ⁇ DMSO control + 3*SD (DMSO control) with ERa transient transfection in duplicate at 10 pM.
  • Table 1 shows screening results from a first set of compounds.
  • FIGS. 16A and 16B show results of cytokins release by hPBMC and cytotox for Compound Cl 1.
  • the Compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates.
  • HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) cmpd was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates.
  • the human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) w/o compounds.
  • R, Rl and R2 are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • RA, RB, R1-R8, X, Q, Ql, Q2, or A can be any of the following: Me, OMe, Br, N, H, Cl, F or N0 2 .
  • any of R, RA, RB, R1-R8, X, Q, Ql, Q2, or A can be any of the following: 4-Me, 4-OMe, 4-Br, 4-t-Bu, 3,4-di-Me, 4-C1, 3,4-di-Cl, 3-C1-4-F, 2-F, 3-C1, 3-CH 3 -4-F, 4-iPr, Ph, 4- MeO-C6H4, 4-tBu, 2, 4-diMe, 2-thienyl, 2-MeO-4-Cl, 4-C1, 2-furayl, 4-F-C6H4, 2,4-diMeC6H3, 3- Me-4-F or 4-C1-C6H4.
  • the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
  • Rl and R2 are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • any of Rl and R2 can be any of the moieties listed below in
  • the present technology is direct to compounds of Formula
  • any of Q and Rl are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
  • any of Q and Rl are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
  • any of A and Rl are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
  • any of Ql, Q2 and Rl are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • the technology is directed to compounds of Formulas (VII) or (VIII):
  • any of X and R is: C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile; and wherein n is an integer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
  • the X-R moiety represents a benzene ring fused to the n-membered ring containing the N substitution, to create a bicyclic functional group; see. e.g.. Compounds F41 through F47 below.
  • Tables 12 and 13 show a summary of selected compounds for CRC analysis.
  • Another useful compound is Compound Z95 :
  • FIGS. 20A and 20B show further results of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox on Compound Z95.
  • Table 17 shows screening results from another set of compounds.
  • FIG. 24 shows the results of testing done on Compound E56.
  • FIGS. 25A and 25B show further results of testing done on Compound Z96.
  • FIGS. 25A and 25B show further results of testing done on Compound Z96.
  • 26A and 26B show further results of testing done on Compound Z97.
  • Table 20 shows shows screening results from another set of compounds.
  • Table 21 shows results of testing on Compound D28.
  • FIGS. 27A and 27B show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection, respectively, for
  • FIGS. 27C and 27D show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection at different concentrations for different compounds. 9 compounds were tested on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 mM, 4 replicates).
  • FIGS. 27E and 27F show toxicity of Compound D28. 9 compounds were tested for cytotoxicity on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 pM, 4 replicates). Tox effect was found to cause lower signal compared to DMSO. Cytotoxicity normalized to DMSO is shown in FIG. 27F (0% cytotoxicity corresponds to DMSO signal, 100% - zero signal).
  • FIGS. 28A-D show the results of a cytokind release experiment for dog and human
  • Dog PBMC (1 x 106 cells/mL) were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) /without (0%) PMA + ionomycin activation.
  • the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
  • R A is C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • exemplary but non limiting compounds are shown below:
  • the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
  • R B is C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • exemplary but non limiting compounds are shown below:
  • the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
  • R -R are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • exemplary but non-limiting compounds are shown below:
  • Ri and Rg is C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, or a thiol.
  • exemplary but non-limiting compounds are shown below:
  • FIGS. 29-32 show exemplary methods of formulating the compounds that have been discussed herein.
  • FIG. 31 A shows an exemplary synthesis of compounds including the following:
  • FIG. 33A and 33B show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection for Compound E21.
  • FIGS. 34A and 34B show NR2F6 LBD transient transfection for Compound E21. 9 compounds were tested on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 mM, 4 replicates).
  • FIGS. 34C and 34D show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection at different concentrations for different compounds. 9 compounds were tested on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 pM, 4 replicates). Tox effect was found to cause lower signal compared to DMSO. Cytotoxicity normalized to DMSO is shown in FIG. 34D (0% cytotoxicity corresponds to DMSO signal, 100% - zero signal). All compounds were tested at 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates.
  • Dog PBMC (1 x 106 cells/mL) were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) /without (0%) PMA + ionomycin activation.
  • Table 23 shows the screening results of certain of the above compounds.
  • Additional compounds synthesized and found to have desirable activity include the following:
  • FIG. 37 shows exemplary methods of formulating the compounds that have been discussed herein; specifically, exemplary synthesis of compounds including the following: Compound Z160, Compound Z161, Compound Z162, Compound Z163.
  • FIGS 38A and 38B show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection, respectively, for
  • FIGS. 39A and 39B show NR2F6 LBD transient transfection for Compound Fl .
  • 9 compounds were tested on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 mM, 4 replicates).
  • FIGS. 39C and 39D show toxicity of NR2F6 LBD transient transfection. 9 compounds were tested for cytotoxicity on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 pM, 4 replicates). Tox effect causes lower signal compared to DMSO. Cytotoxicity normalized to DMSO is shown in FIG. 39D (0% cytotoxicity corresponds to DMSO signal, 100% - zero signal).
  • FIGS. 40A-D show the results of cytokine release experiment for dogs and human
  • Dog PBMC (1 x 106 cells/mL) were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) /without (0%) PMA + ionomycin activation.
  • FIG. 41 shows the general SAR strategy for testing Compound Fl and compounds related to it in structure.
  • the active molecule was divided into four domains (Domains A through D). Each domain was evaluated independently to establish SAR trends. Combinations of optimized domains evaluated additive or synergistic effect. 4 related analogs were available.
  • a compound herein has Formula (XIII):
  • n is an integer 1, 2, or 3
  • R is any other moiety mentioned in the present disclosure (e.g., C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile).
  • a compound herein has Formula (XIV):
  • X is C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol, a nitrile or any other moiety mentioned herein.
  • the present technology is directed to compounds comprising a boronate, and synthesis of such compounds.
  • FIG. 42 shows an exemplary synthesis of a boronate compound.
  • the synthesis achieved a yield of at least about 95%, at least about 90% and at least about 85%; with at least about 85% purity.
  • a regioisomer was present in the yield, in amounts of about 10 to about 20%, or about 12 to about 18%.
  • the regioisomers could be separated.
  • FIG. 42 shows the results of other exemplary syntheses of compounds comprising boronate, and the relative proportions of resultant compounds.
  • Compound P 1 Another compound found to have good activity is Compound P 1 :
  • Table 25 shows results of testing on Compound P 1.
  • FIGS. 44A and 44B show NRdF6 and LBD transient transfection of Compound P 1.
  • FIGS. 45A-D show NR2F6 LBD transient transfection for 9 different compounds, including Compound P 1.
  • FIGS. 46A and 46B show the results of the cytokine release experiment with dogs
  • FIGS. 47A and 47B show NR2F6 agonist activity and NR2F6 agonist activity
  • Compound E53 increases firefly activity in 6 times at 10 uM and appeared to show strong cytotox effect (great decreasing both renilla and firefly activity). Both Compounds Z92 and E53 will be tested on greater concentration range for confirmation on both cell line with double stable transfection (clone Fl-pGL4) and cell line with transient transfection.
  • the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
  • R is C, H, N, O, S, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • R is H or an alkyl group.
  • the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
  • Rl and R2 are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
  • Rl and R2 are H, alkyl, phenyl, piperidine, or pyrrolidine.
  • Exemplary compounds include the following:
  • Table 26 shows activity results for two exemplary compounds, Compound Z95 and
  • FIGS. 48-51 show embodiments of a synthetic methods of formulating a compound according to the present technology.
  • FIGS. 52-55 illustrate syntheses of various compounds discussed herein.
  • FIGS. 56A and 56B show HTS activity confirmation for various compounds.
  • Compound E53 shown similar slight activity ( ⁇ 3 times firefly signal over DMSO level) at 10 uM and 50 uM. 8010-3060 increase firefly activity in 6 times at 10 uM and It seems it shown strong cytotox effect (great decreasing both renilla and firefly activity). Both Compound Z92 and Compound E53 will be further tested on greater concentration range for confirmation on both cell line with double stable transfection (clone Fl-pGL4) and cell line with transient transfection.
  • FIGS. 57 and 58 show syntheses of exemplary compositions found to be useful.
  • Table 27 shows the activity of various compounds discussed herein.

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Abstract

The present technology is directed to modulators of nuclear receptor activity, specifically to the modulation of NR2F6 activity and NR2F6 utilizing compounds, and the immune modulation and modulation of cancer stem cell activity through administration of compounds described herein. In certain embodiments the present disclosure is directed to methods of using small molecule compounds as immune modulators.

Description

TITLE
Small Molecule Agonists and Antagonists of NR2F6 Activity in Non-Humans
BACKGROUND
[0001] The present technology relates to agonists and antagonists of nuclear receptor activity, specifically to the modulation of NR2F6 activity and NR2F6 utilizing compounds, and the immune modulation and modulation of cancer stem cell activity through administration of compounds described herein.
[0002] Many drugs administered to treat diseases or conditions are targeted against differences between a diseased cell and a normal cell. T cells of the immune system are known to recognize and interact with specific molecules through receptors (e.g., a T cell receptor in complex with a CD3 dimer) which, upon recognition or interaction with these molecules, result in the activation of the T cell to perform various immune activities. Innate immune cells are cells of the immune system that are known to be activated by one or more agents (e.g., allergens, chemicals produced upon injury (e.g., opioids and alcohols), polymyxins, crosslinked IgE, crosslinked complement proteins, cytokines produced by T cells or other immune cells (e.g., interferon-g), DAMPs, or PAMPs) that activate downstream signaling pathway(s) in the innate immune cell and result in the activation of one or more immune activities of the innate immune cell.
[0003] Both T cells and innate immune cells play a role in a mammal's immune defense. For example, the immune activities of an innate immune cell can protect a mammal against infectious diseases. The immune activities of a T cell can protect a mammal against, for example, infectious diseases and cancer.
[0004] Adoptive cell therapy is a method of treatment that includes harvesting one or more different types of immune cells from a mammal, culturing and/or manipulating the harvested immune cells ex vivo, and administering the cultured and/or manipulated immune cells back to the mammal. The manipulating of a harvested immune cell ex vivo can include introducing a recombinant nucleic acid into the immune cell. [0005] Molecularly targeted therapeutics represent a new approach to discovering anti cancer drugs. Using this approach, small molecules are designed to inhibit directly the very oncogenetic proteins that are mutated or overexpressed in specific tumor cell types. By targeting specific molecular defects or conditions found within tumor cells, this approach can yield therapies tailored to each tumor’s genetic makeup. A complementary strategy involves searching for genotype- selective anti-tumor agents that become lethal to tumor cells only in the presence of specific oncoproteins or only in the absence of specific tumor oppressors. Such genotype-selective compounds might target oncoproteins directly, or target other critical proteins involved in oncoprotein-linked signaling networks.
[0006] The immune system is comprised of activatory and inhibitory mechanisms that can allow for control of immune responses and subsequent inhibition of responses after clearance of the immune target. The central event stimulating immune responses is the antigen-specific activation of naive CD4+ T cells subsequent to binding antigen presenting cell MHC containing antigenic peptide. The CD4+ T cell, also known as the“helper T cell,” helps to coordinate the activation of the adaptive immune response, playing a role in the stimulation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, whose role includes destroying host cells affected by cancer, viruses, and intracellular bacteria, as well as stimulating B cell maturation to eventual plasma cell differentiation. Antibodies can be critical molecules in clearance of extracellular pathogens such as various bacteria and parasites.
[0007] Under many circumstances, naive CD4+ T cells require two distinct signals to proliferate and differentiate into the armed effector cells that mediate adaptive immunity. Signal 1 of this two-signal model is antigen-specific and is generated by interaction of the TCR with antigenic peptide presented in context with MHC II antigens. This results in transduction of TCR intracellular signals leading to production of IU-2 and T cell activation. Signal 2 is referred to as a“costimulatory” signal because, while essential, it does not necessarily induce any functional response in T cells.
[0008] The best characterized costimulatory signal 2 is generated through the T cell surface molecule CD28. CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal upon interaction with CD80 or CD86 present on B cells, macrophages, or dendritic cells. Activation of the TCR in the presence of costimulatory signals leads to T cell clonal expansion and initiation of effector functions such as IL-2 production.
[0009] For cancer, immune inhibitory mechanisms, termed“immune checkpoints,” are prematurely activated in order for the tumor to escape immune attack. Two immune checkpoints exist: a) CTLA-4, which sends an inhibitory signal to T cells upon binding CD80 or CD86 on antigen presenting cells; and b) PD-l, which binds to PD-l ligand on tumor cells, stromal cells, or antigen presenting cells.
[0010] CTLA-4 is related to CD28, however instead of activating T cells in a co-stimulatory manner, it leads to inhibition or co-inhibition of T cells.
[0011] Nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 6 (NR2F6), also known as nuclear orphan receptor Ear2, is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand- activated receptors, which exhibit a common modular structure and are involved in various homeostatic functions, but also play a role in oncogenesis and cancer propagation. Specifically, studies have shown that members of the NR family regulate development, reproduction, and metabolism of lipids, drugs and energy. The importance of this family of proteins in metabolic disease is exemplified by NR ligands used in the clinic or under exploratory development for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, or other metabolic abnormalities.
[0012] Genetic studies in humans and rodents support the notion that NRs control a wide variety of metabolic processes by regulating the expression of genes encoding key enzymes, transporters and other proteins involved in metabolic homeostasis. Genomic sequence availability has led to the identification of 48 NRs encoded by the human genome and 49 NRs encoded by the mouse genome.
[0013] The present disclosure is directed to, in certain embodiments, methods of using small molecule compounds as immune modulators; as well as to compounds, solid forms and compositions thereof that are immune modulators and that exhibit desirable characteristics thereof; as well as to methods of making the compounds, solid forms and composition thereof. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSED TECHNOLOGY
[0014] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed compounds discussed and described herein, which compounds have been found to modulate the immune system. These compounds can include any of the following:
[0015]
Figure imgf000005_0002
(Ic)
Figure imgf000005_0004
Figure imgf000005_0001
Figure imgf000005_0003
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000006_0003
Figure imgf000006_0007
(IV)
Figure imgf000006_0004
Figure imgf000006_0008
(V)
Figure imgf000006_0005
Figure imgf000006_0009
(VI)
Figure imgf000006_0006
Figure imgf000006_0010
Figure imgf000006_0002
Figure imgf000007_0001
( )
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000008_0002
(XV)
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000010_0001
(XXII)
Figure imgf000011_0001
[0018] In various embodiments, in any of the above, moieties R, RA, RB, R1-R8, X, Q, Ql,
Q2, A can be any of the following: C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile. In various embodiments, in any of the above, n can be an integer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
[0019] In various embodiments, any of R, RA, RB, R1-R8, X, Q, Ql, Q2, or A can be any of the following: Me, OMe, Br, N, H, Cl, F or N02. In certain embodiments, any of R, RA, RB, R1-R8, X, Q, Ql, Q2, or A can be any of the following: 4-Me, 4-OMe, 4-Br, 4-t-Bu, 3,4-di-Me, 4-C1, 3,4-di- Cl, 3-C1-4-F, 2-F, 3 -Cl, 3-CH3-4-F, a thiazole, an isothiazole or a dithiolane.
[0020] In various embodiments, any of Rl and R2 can have the values shown in any of the
Figures, for example, FIGS. 1A-1F, FIGS. 3A-3F, FIGS. 4A-4L, FIGS. 5A and 5B, FIGS. 6A-6F, FIGS. 7A-70, FIGS. 8A-8M, FIGS. 9A-9J, FIGS. 10A-10J or FIGS. 11A-11G
[0021] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed a compound having a structure of any of the following, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
[0022]
Figure imgf000012_0001
Compound D104 Compound D134 Compound D135
Figure imgf000012_0002
Compound D136 Compound D137
Figure imgf000013_0001
Compound D105 Compound D106 Compound D109
Figure imgf000013_0002
Compound D122 Compound D123 Compound D125
Figure imgf000013_0003
Compound Dl l 8 Compound D132 [0023] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to a novel compound, any solid form thereof, and any formulation or composition thereof, that is useful as agonists or antagonists of nuclear receptor activity, specifically to the modulation of NR2F6 activity and NR2F6 utilizing compounds.
[0024] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to methods of modulating the immune system or modulating cancer cell activity using compounds that alter activity of NR2F6.
[0025] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to methods of
“reprogramming” the immune cells in a patient to attack tumors or other invasive cells. Such “reprogramming” can include: (a) extraction of an amount of a patient’s cellular material (including, but not limited to: blood, which itself includes blood serum, plasma red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets), (b) isolating specific immune cells from the cellular material; (c) inhibiting or activating the NR2F6 target in the extracted immune cells; and (d) re-administering the immune cells (for example, by injection) to the patient’s body.
[0026] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to methods treating or reducing the effect of an autoimmune response, reaction, disease or disorder, the method comprising any of the steps discussed herein, or activating the NR2F6 target in isolated immune cells by binding them with a compound according to the present technology.
[0027] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to methods of shrinking (reducing the size of) a tumor, increasing or decreasing the activity of a cell, initiating or inducing an immune response, destroying a cancer cell, reducing the effect of a disease, alleviating a symptom of a disease, treating a disorder, as well as methods of inducing a cell in a patient’s body to do any of these, the method comprising administering a compound herein to a tumor, contacting a compound herein with a cell, or any other steps discussed herein. In various embodiments, these methods can comprise: comprising the steps of:
(a) extracting an amount of a patient’s cellular material;
(b) isolating immune cells from the cellular material; (c) activating the NR2F6 target in the isolated immune cells by binding them with a compound of claim 1 ; and
(d) re-administering the isolated immune cells to the patient’s body.
[0028] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to methods of treating or reducing the effect of a reaction, disease or disorder, the method comprising activating the NR2F6 target in immune cells by contacting them with a compound herein.
[0029] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound described herein, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0030] The methods herein can, in various embodiments, involve humans or non-humans as subjects. As used herein,“non-human” means any living thing other than a human, for example, a mammal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] FIGS. 1A-1F show certain compounds that have been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology.
[0032] FIG. 2A shows a certain compound that has been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology. FIG. 2B shows different domains, or portions of a base compound, that were substituted with different moieties to ascertain whether these made a difference in the activity of such compound.
[0033] FIG. 3A shows a certain compound that has been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology. FIGS. 3B-3F show various additional compounds formed from substitution of different moieties.
[0034] FIGS. 4A-4L show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
[0035] FIGS. 5A and 5B show additional embodiments of compounds, along with (in the case of FIG. 5A) different values of moieties Rl and R2. [0036] FIGS. 6A-6F show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
[0037] FIGS. 7A-70 show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
[0038] FIGS. 8A-8M show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
[0039] FIGS. 9A-9J show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
[0040] FIGS. 10A-10J show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
[0041] FIGS. 11A-11G show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein.
[0042] FIG. 12 shows a certain compound that has been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology; and different domains, or portions of a base compound, that were substituted with different moieties to ascertain whether these made a difference in the activity of such compound.
[0043] FIG. 13A shows a certain compound that has been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology. FIGS. 13B-13H show various additional compounds formed from substitution of different moieties.
[0044] FIG. 14A shows a certain compound that has been found to be effective for the purposes of the present technology. FIGS. 14B-14D show various additional compounds formed from substitution of different moieties.
[0045] FIGS. 15A-15G show additional compounds that were found to be useful in accordance with the embodiments herein
[0046] FIGS. 16A and 16B show charts of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
Compound Cl 1, which was identified as a useful compound in accordance with the embodiments herein. Results were repeated in follow set screen from fresh powder. 5 direct analogs were available (top structure in FIG. 16A).
[0047] FIGS. 17A and 17B show analogues and other related compounds to Compound
Cl l.
[0048] FIGS. 18A and 18B show charts of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
Compound 18. For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. For cytotox on HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) compound was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates. Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) w/o compounds.
[0049] FIGS. 19A and 19B show the results of Dog’s PBMC ELISA and cytotoxicity experiments. All compounds were tested at 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates on activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin dogs PBMC (1 x 106 cells/mL). Cell culture supemates were removed and frozen for further ELISA analysis and remained cells were analyzed. Compounds without cytotox were chosen for cytokine release inhibition analysis. Compound Z92 was also analyzed at 5uM and lOuM.
[0050] FIGS. 20A and 20B show results of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
Compound Z95. For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. For cytotox on HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) compound was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates. Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) without compounds.
[0051] FIGS. 21A-21D show human and dog results of a cytokine release experiment - parent compound for dogs and human PBMC, for Compound D28. All compounds were tested at 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. Dog PBMC (1 x 106 cells/mL) were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) without (0%) PMA + ionomycin activation. [0052] FIGS. 22A and 22B show results of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
Compound Z17. For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. For cytotox on HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) compound was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates. Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) without compounds.
[0053] FIGS. 23A and 23B show results of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
Compound Z33. For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. For cytotox on HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) compound was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates. Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) without compounds.
[0054] FIG. 24 shows results of a cytokines release by hPBMC for Compound E56.
[0055] FIGS. 25A and 25B show results of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox for
Compound Z96. For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. For cytotox on HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) compound was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates. Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls without (100%) compounds.
[0056] FIGS. 26A and 26B show results of cytokine release by hPBMC and cytotox for
Compound Z97.
[0057] FIGS. 27A-27D show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection, respectively, for
Compound D28. FIGS. 27E and 27F show toxicity of Compound D28.
[0058] FIGS. 28A-28D show the results of a cytokine release experiment for dog and human
PBMC. All compounds were tested at 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. Dog PBMC (1 x 106 cells/mL) were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) /without (0%) PMA + ionomycin activation. [0059] FIGS. 29, 30 31A, 31B and 32 show exemplary methods of formulating the compounds that have been discussed herein.
[0060] FIGS. 33A and 33B and 34A-34D show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection, respectively, for Compound E21.
[0061] FIGS. 35A to 35D show the results of a cytokine release experiment for dog and human PBMC, for Compound E21.
[0062] FIG. 36 shows additional compounds related to compound E21 that were tested herein.
[0063] FIG. 37 shows additional compounds that were synthesized and tested according to the present embodiments.
[0064] FIG. 38A and 38B, 39A-39D and 40A-40D show results of testing on Compound Fl.
[0065] FIG. 41 shows the general SAR strategy for testing Compound Fl and compounds related to it in structure; by dividing the active molecule into four domains (Domains A through D), and evaluating each domain independently to establish SAR trends.
[0066] FIG. 42 shows an exemplary synthesis of a boronate compound, and the results of other exemplary syntheses of compounds comprising boronate, and the relative proportions of resultant compounds.
[0067] FIG. 43 shows methods of synthesis of certain compounds found to be useful for the embodiments herein.
[0068] FIGS. 44A and 44B and 45A-D show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection, respectively, for Compound Pl.
[0069] FIGS. 46A and 46B show the results of a cytokine release experiment for dog and human PBMC, for Compound P 1.
[0070] FIGS. 47A and 47B show NR2F6 agonist activity of various compounds discussed herein.
[0071] FIGS. 48-51 show synthesis of various additional compounds discussed herein.
[0072] FIGS. 52A and 52B show synthesis of Compounds Zl 19, Z120, Z121 and Z123. [0073] FIG. 53-55 shows synthesis of additional compounds herein.
[0074] FIGS. 56A and 56B show Nr2F6 agonist activity for various compounds discussed herein.
[0075] FIGS. 57 and 58 show synthesis of various compounds discussed herein.
[0076] FIGS. 59A-D show further results for firefly, renila and pGL4 for Compounds D104,
Dl 18, D122 and D137.
[0077] FIGS. 60A-60C show further results for cytokines release inhibition for Compounds
D136, D140, D141, D142, Z155 and Z166.
[0078] FIGS. 61A-61E show further results of cytokine release by hPBMC for Compound
D136.
[0079] FIGS. 62A and 62B show stability in plasma (human plasma and rat plasma) and various pH solubility data for Compound D136.
[0080] FIGS. 63A and 63B show stability in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), respectively, for Compound D136.
[0081] FIGS. 64A and 64B show microsomal stability in human liver microsomes and rat liver microsomes, respectively, for Compound D136.
[0082] FIGS. 65A and 65B show data for PK in rat plasma for Compound D136.
[0083] FIGS. 66A and 66B show data for PK in mice plasma for Compound D136.
[0084] FIGS. 67-70 show synthesis of additional compounds herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0085] As used herein,“disease” or“disorder” are used interchangeably and mean a disorder of structure or function in any living thing (including but not limited to a human, animal, or plant), especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.
[0086] As used herein,“mammal” means a warm-blooded vertebrate animal of a class that is distinguished by the possession of hair or fur, the secretion of milk by females for the nourishment of the young, and (typically) the birth of live young. As used herein,“human” means a person. As used herein,“animal” or“non-human mammal” means any non-human animal, including but not limited to: a canine (e.g., a dog), a feline (e.g, a cat), a rodent, an ungulate (e.g., a cow or ox), an equine (e.g., a horse), or a primate.
[0087] As used herein,“modulator” means a molecule that alters the basal activity of
NR2F6either positively (activates it or increases it) or negatively (represses, suppresses or decreases it).“Modulating” means the act of the modulator, either positive or negative. A compound of the technology herein can be, in various embodiments, a modulator of NR2F6, for example, at an effective concentration or in an effective amount, but not be a modulator of any other receptor, or not a modulator at any other amount of NR2F6 or any other receptor. This can provide selectivity of effect of a compound of the technology herein when administered to a patient for treatment of any disease.
[0088] In certain embodiments, one diastereomer or one enantiomer of a compound of the present technology can display superior biological activity compared with the other. When required, separation of the diastereomeric mixture or the racemic material can be achieved by HPLC, optionally using a chiral column or by using a resolving agent such as camphonic chloride for the resolution of enantiomers. A chiral compound described herein can also be directly synthesized using a chiral catalyst or a chiral ligand.
[0089] In certain embodiments, one deuterated or tritiated compound of the present technology can display superior biological activity compared with one or more others. When required, separation of the material can be achieved by one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0090] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to methods of modulating the immune system using compounds that alter activity of NR2F6.
[0091] In certain embodiments, compounds herein can be utilized for stimulation of NR2F6 activity, alone, or in combination with, for example, PKC activation. In certain embodiments, the compounds herein can be utilized for inhibition of NR2F6 activity, alone or in combination with, for example, anti-PDl, anti-PDLl or anti-CTLA4 antibodies. [0092] In other embodiments, the methods are directed to the stimulation of NR2F6 for, e.g., induction of immune inhibition, or stimulation of cellular proliferation without significant induction of differentiation. Inhibition of NR2F6 can be desirable in situations where a clinician seeks to augment immune response, or induce cellular differentiation.
[0093] In other embodiments, inhibition of NR2F6 expression can be desirable in situations where inhibition of cancer or cancer stem cells is desired.
[0094] In certain embodiments, activation of NR2F6 expression can be desirable in situations where inhibition of the immune system is desired, for example, in connection with autoimmune disorders.
[0095] The interplay between the activation or deactivation of NRs by different structural classes of endogenous ligands, such as the steroid and thyroid hormones, lipids, vitamins and other biochemicals, is an important part of their function. The 48 NR family members are classified into subgroups based on the identification of endogenous ligands for each receptor. The endocrine receptors include the steroid hormone receptors that bind steroid hormones and the heterodimeric receptors that partner with the retinoid X receptor and bind thyroid hormones, retinoids, and vitamin D.
[0096] The identification of specific endogenous ligands for the endocrine receptors has facilitated the design and development of selective receptor modulators (SRMs) that exhibit tissue- specific agonist or antagonist activities and are used for treatment of hormone -/hormone receptor- dependent diseases. Tamoxifen is one of many selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulators used in endocrine therapies for treating ER-positive breast cancer patients.
[0097] Adopted orphan receptors are a subtype of NRs that are subdivided into groups based on their ligands. The lipid sensor receptor subtypes and their ligands include retinoid X receptor (9- cis -retinoic acid), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (fatty acids), liver X receptor (oxysterols), famesoid X receptor (bile acids), and pregnane X receptor, which binds cholesterol derivatives. [0098] Retinoid X receptors have been found in various cancer stem cells and methodologies for their utilization, as well as ligands/synthetic ligands targeting them, have been developed. Any of these can be utilized by one of skill in the art to practice the methods of the present technology, which provides compounds useful for modulating the NR2F6 nuclear receptor. Methods of modulating PPARs are also amenable to utilization in the context of the current technology, whose methodologies can, in various embodiments, be adapted for use with the compounds discussed herein for treatment of cancer or immune modulation.
[0099] With regard to PPARs, three subtypes of the PPAR family are PPARa, PPARy, and
PPARr). PPARy is abundantly expressed in many cell types, where it regulates lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, tumor progression, and inflammation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and linoleic acid have been identified as endogenous ligands for PPARy. The thiazolidinedione class of compounds function as high-affinity synthetic agonists for PPARy subsequent to exposure to specific ligands. PPARy forms a heterodimer complex with retinoid X receptor, which then mediates the target gene expression. In terms of immune modulation, in certain embodiments, NR2F6 specific compounds can be substituted for those described for PPAR.
[00100] The enigmatic orphan receptor subtype can include the constitutive androstane receptor (androstane and many drugs or xenobiotics), hepatocyte nuclear factor-4, and steroidogenic factor- l/liver receptor homolog l(LRH-l) (phospholipids), retinoid acid-related orphan receptor (cholesterol and retinoic acids), and estrogen-related receptor (estrogens). These can be useful in methods of performing immunotherapy that include NR2F6 modulators.
[00101] The orphan receptors are the third class of NRs. The crystal structure of the ligand binding domain of the orphan receptor Nurrl (NR4A2) shows that several hydrophobic residues protrude into the ligand-binding pocket, and atypical coactivator-binding site is lacking, suggesting that some orphan receptors may not bind ligands.
[00102] Like other NR classes, the orphan receptors play important roles in cellular homeostasis and diseases including cancer, and several recent reports document the expression and potential functions of orphan receptors in different tumors and cancer cell lines. Breast tumors are routinely classified as ER+ or ER . and expression of ER has prognostic significance that influences selection of therapeutic regimens. However, analysis of ER+ and ER tumors for expression (mRNA) of all 48 NRs also demonstrated the important prognostic significance of several orphan receptors.
The NR4A (Nur77/TR3, Nurrl, and Norl) and NR2F6 [v-erbA -related protein (EAR2)] receptors are uniquely overexpressed in (ER+ and ER combined) tumors. Moreover, Nur77, EAR2, and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) are among a limited group of NRs that are prognostic for breast cancer classification and histologic grade, and COUP-TFII expression was a positive prognostic factor for tamoxifen-treated ER+ breast cancer patients.
[00103] Examination of lung tumor and nontumor tissue indicated highly variable NR expression; however, gene combinations and individual receptors, such as the orphan receptor small heterodimer partner (SHP, NR0B2), predicted enhanced survival for early-stage lung cancer patients. Moreover, expression of Nur77 in normal lung epithelium from patients has been shown to be an indicator for good prognosis.
[00104] NR profiling of the NCI60 cancer cell panel demonstrated that relative expression levels of some orphan receptors also correlated with drug sensitivity. For example, cancer cell sensitivity to microtubule-disrupting drugs has been found to be enhanced in cells expressing low levels ofNR2F6 and COUP-TFII, whereas high levels of the orphan receptor tailless (TEX, NR2E1) correlated with sensitivity to 9-fluoroprednisolone.
[00105] As used herein, the term“NR2F6” means“nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 6” or“Ear2.” Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that regulate the expression of specific target genes, thereby orchestrating a wide array of cellular processes including cellular activation, development and disease progression. The nuclear receptor super-family includes receptors that bind to hormones and orphan receptors with yet undefined endogenous ligands. As discussed in the present disclosure, NR2F6 can be a target in cancer immunotherapy or autoimmune suppression.
[00106] The COUP-TF orphan receptors are preferentially expressed in the central nervous system and organs that depend on the interaction between mesenchyme and epithelial layers. The three mammalian COUP-TF family members are NR2Fl/Ear3, NR2F2/Arpl and NR2F6. The established target genes of said COUP-TF family members are apolipoproteins and retinoic acid-, peroxisome-, oxytocin-, estrogen- and vitamin D receptors. By yeast 1 -hybrid screen and in vitro assays with recombinant NR2F6, it was found that the TGACCT direct-repeat motif is the DNA binding sequence of NR2F6, and that overexpression of NR2F6 induces repression of the renin gene transcription in a DNA-binding-specific manner. Wild type human/animal NR2F6 is known to possess the following nucleotide sequence: 1 gtgcagcccg tgccccccgc gcgccggggc cgaatgcgcg ccgcgtaggg tcccccgggc 61 cgagaggggt gcccggaggg aagagcgcgg tgggggcgcc ccggccccgc tgccctgggg 121 ctatggccat ggtgaccggc ggctggggcg gccccggcgg cgacacgaac ggcgtggaca 181 aggcgggcgg ctacccgcgc gcggccgagg acgactcggc ctcgcccccc ggtgccgcca 241 gcgacgccga gccgggcgac gaggagcggc cggggctgca ggtggactgc gtggtgtgcg 301 gggacaagtc gagcggcaag cattacggtg tcttcacctg cgagggctgc aagagctttt 361 tcaagcgaag catccgccgc aacctcagct acacctgccg gtccaaccgt gactgccaga 421 tcgaccagca ccaccggaac cagtgccagt actgccgtct caagaagtgc ttccgggtgg 481 gcatgaggaa ggaggcggtg cagcgcggcc gcatcccgca ctcgctgcct ggtgccgtgg 541 ccgcctcctc gggcagcccc ccgggctcgg cgctggcggc agtggcgagc ggcggagacc 601 tcttcccggg gcagccggtg tccgaactga tcgcgcagct gctgcgcgct gagccctacc 661 ctgcggcggc cggacgcttc ggcgcagggg gcggcgcggc gggcgcggtg ctgggcatcg 721 acaacgtgtg cgagctggcg gcgcggctgc tcttcagcac cgtggagtgg gcgcgccacg 781 cgcccttctt ccccgagctg ccggtggccg accaggtggc gctgctgcgc ctgagctgga 841 gcgagctctt cgtgctgaac gcggcgcagg cggcgctgcc cctgcacacg gcgccgctac 901 tggccgccgc cggcctccac gccgcgccta tggccgccga gcgcgccgtg gctttcatgg 961 accaggtgcg cgccttccag gaggaggtgg acaagctggg ccgcctgcag gtcgactcgg 1021 ccgagtatgg ctgcctcaag gccatcgcgc tttcacgcc cgacgcctgt ggcctctcag 1081 acccggccca cgttgagagc ctgcaggaga aggcgcaggt ggccctcacc gagtatgtgc 1141 gggcgcagta cccgtcccag ccccagcgct tcgggcgcct gctgctgcgg ctccccgccc 1201 tgcgcgcggt ccctgcctcc ctcatctccc agctgttctt catgcgcctg gtggggaaga 1261 cgcccattga gacactgatc agagacatgc tgctgtcggg gagtaccttc aactggccct 1321 acggctcggg ccagtgacca tgacggggcc acgtgtgctg tggccaggcc tgcagacaga 1381 cctcaaggga cagggaatgc tgaggcctcg aggggcctcc cggggcccag gactctggct 1441 tctctcctca gacttctatt ttttaaagac tgtgaaatgt ttgtcttttc tgttttttaa 1501 atgatcatga aaccaaaaag agactgatca tccaggcctc agcctcatcc tccccaggac 1561 ccctgtccag gatggagggt ccaatcctag gacagccttg ttcctcagca cccctagcat 1621 gaacttgtgg gatggtgggg ttggcttccc tggcatgatg gacaaaggcc tggcgtcggc 1681 cagaggggct gctccagtgg gcaggggtag ctagcgtgtg ccaggcagat cctctggaca 1741 cgtaacctat gtcagacact acatgatgac tcaaggccaa taataaagac atttcctacc 1801 tgca, which corresponds to the following amino acid sequence:
MAMVTGGWGGPGGDTNGVDKAGGYPRAAEDDSASPPGAASDAEPGD
EERPGLQVDCVVCGDKSSGKHYGVFTCEGCKSFFKRSIRRNLSYTC
RSNRDCQIDQHHRNQCQYCRFKKCFRVGMRKEAVQRGRIPHSFPGA
VAASSGSPPGSAFAAVASGGDFFPGQPVSEFIAQFFRAEPYPAAAG
RF GAGGGAAGA VEGIDNV CEFAARFFF STVEWARHAPFFPEFPV AD
QVAFFRFSWSEFFVFNAAQAAFPFHTAPFFAAAGFHAAPMAAERAV
AFMDQVRAFQEQVDKFGRFQVDSAEYGCFKAIAFFTPDACGFSDPA
HVESFQEKAQVAFTEYVRAQYPSQPQRFGRFFFRFPAFRAVPASFI
SQFFFMRFVGKTPIETFIRDMFFSGSTFNWPYGSGQ (SEQ ID NO: 1).
[00107] Accordingly, in certain embodiments the present technology is directed to compounds that bind to a portion or all of an NR2F6 molecule; or any molecule that is, in various embodiments, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of NR2F6.
[00108] As used herein, the terms“agonist” or“activator” are used interchangeably and mean a compound or substance capable of fully or partially stimulating the physiologic activity of one or more specific receptors. In the context of the present disclosure, an agonist can therefore stimulate the physiological activity of a receptor such as NR2F6 upon binding of said compound substance to said receptor. As further discussed herein, an“agonist” or“activator” can be used to“activate,” “stimulate” or“increase activity” of a cell.
[00109] In certain embodiments, binding of an“agonist” or“activator” to a given receptor, e.g., NR2F6, can mimic the action of an endogenous ligand binding to said receptor. As used herein, accordingly, the term“agonist” also encompasses partial agonists or co-agonists or co-activators. In addition, however, an“agonist” or“activator” of NR2F6 as used herein can also be capable of stimulating the function of a given receptor, such as NR2F6, by inducing or enhancing the expression of the nucleic acid molecule encoding for said receptor. Thus, an agonist or activator of NR2F6 can, in certain embodiments, lead to an increased expression level of NR2F6 (e.g., increased level of NR2F6 mRNA, NR2F6 protein) which is reflected in an increased activity of NR2F6. This increased activity can be measured or detected by the methods herein.
[00110] Accordingly, an activator of NR2F6 in accordance with the present technology can, in certain embodiments, also encompass transcriptional activators of NR2F6 expression that are capable of enhancing NR2F6 function. As mentioned above,“agonist” includes a partial agonist. “Partial agonists” mean candidate molecules that behave like agonists, but that, even at high concentrations, cannot activate NR2F6 to the same extent as a full agonist. As described below, the increased expression or activity of NR2F6 by an agonist or activator of NR2F6 can lead to decreased activity (or expression) of components of the NR2F6-dependent signaling pathway; in particular the activity of NF-AT and AP-l can be decreased. NF-AT/AP-l regulate transcription/expression of further "downstream" components of the NR2F6-dependent signaling pathway, such as IL-2, IL-17 and/or IFN-gamma. A decrease in NF-AT/AP-l activity can result in a decreased transcription of these "downstream" components (e.g., IL-2, IL-17 and/or IFN-gamma) which in turn leads to a suppression of an immune response.
[00111] In certain embodiments, an agonist or activator of NR2F6 can lead to suppression of an immune response. Hence, the use of potent agonists/activators of NR2F6 can lead to a higher expression or activity of NR2F6.
[00112] In certain embodiments NR2F6 can be considered its own“agonist” or“activator.”
For example, in certain embodiments, overexpression of NR2F6 can lead to enhanced NR2F6 activity, thus agonizing NR2F6 function. Accordingly, NR2F6 as defined herein can, in certain embodiments, be used for the treatment of a disease related to an augmented immune response.
[00113] For example, NR2F6 can be used in accordance with certain embodiments of the present technology, wherein NR2F6 is any of the following: (a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid encoded by a nucleic acid molecule having the nucleic acid sequence of NR2F6; (b) a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence of NR2F6; (c) a polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid molecule encoding a peptide having an NR2F6 amino acid sequence; (d) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid encoded by a nucleic acid molecule hybridizing to the complementary strand of nucleic acid molecules as defined in (a) or (c) and encoding a NR2F6 or a functional fragment thereof; (e) a polypeptide having at least 60% homology to the polypeptide of any one of (a) to (d), whereby said polypeptide is a NR2F6 or a functional fragment thereof; or (f) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid encoded by a nucleic acid molecule being degenerate as a result of the genetic code to the nucleotide sequence of a nucleic acid molecule as defined in (a), (c) and (d). As described herein, the increase of NR2F6 activity can lead to a decreased activity of NF-AT/AP-l (and other components of the NR2F6-dependent signaling pathway) which in turn can result in a suppressed immune response.
[00114] An exemplary transfection of CD4+ T cells with a construct for the overexpression of
NR2F6 is also shown in the appended examples. As demonstrated therein, overexpression (about 5- fold increase over normal expression level) can lead to a diminished IL-2 activity/expression and consequently to a reduced IL-2 amount, resulting in a reduced immune response.
[00115] Therefore, agonists/activators of NR2F6 are useful in the treatment of diseases where suppression of the immune response is desired (e.g., diseases with an overstimulated immune response, such as allergies and multiple sclerosis). As used herein the term“overexpression” means that the NR2F6 activity/expression is, in various embodiments, at least l-fold, at least 2-fold, at least 3-fold, at least 4-fold, at least 5-fold, at least 6-fold, at least 7-fold, at least 8-fold, at least 9-fold, at least 10-fold, or at least 25 -fold increased in comparison to a (control) standard value as defined herein, wherein a value of 25 fold expression level or greater over normal can be considered as a maximum overexpression level.
[00116] As used herein,“antagonist” or“inhibitor” are used interchangeably and mean a compound or substance capable of fully or partially suppressing or inhibiting the physiologic activity of one or more specific receptors. In the context of the present disclosure, an antagonist can therefore suppress the physiological activity of a receptor upon binding of said compound substance to said receptor but does not activate the receptor and therefore blocks the activity of other agonists. As further discussed herein, an“antagonist” or“inhibitor” can be used to“deactivate,”“inhibit,” “suppress” or“decrease activity” of a cell. [00117] As used herein, the terms“immune response” or“immune reaction” are used interchangeably and mean the response or reaction of the immune system to an antigen. In the case of an immune response, immune cells are activated in such way that one or more specific functions of said immune cells can be induced. The“immune cells” can include, but are not limited to, B cells, T cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. In certain embodiments, said“specific fimction(s) of activated immune cells” can include, but are not limited to, secretion of antibodies, presentation of antigen, proliferation of said immune cells, secretion of cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin- 17 (IL-17), interleukin- 18 (IL-18), or interferon gamma (IFNgamma), expression of regulatory-, activation- or adhesion molecules, and the ability to induce apoptosis or cytolysis.
[00118] As used herein, the term“antigen” means any substance capable of inducing an immune response. An antigen typically is associated with a foreign substance (i.e. a“non-self antigen”). However, an own body-derived substance (i.e., a“self antigen”) can also induce an immune response.
[00119] As used herein, accordingly, the term“immune response” also encompasses autoimmune responses or autoimmune reactions. For example, in certain embodiments, the technology herein is directed to a method of treating or reducing the effect of an autoimmune response, reaction, disease or disorder, the method comprising activating the NR2F6 target in isolated immune cells by binding them with a compound according to the present technology.
[00120] As used herein,“treating a cancer,”“inhibiting cancer” or“reducing cancer growth” are used interchangeably and mean inhibiting or preventing oncogenic activity of cancer cells.
Oncogenic activity can comprise stimulating migration, invasion, drug resistance, cell survival, anchorage-independent growth, non-responsiveness to cell death signals, angiogenesis, or combinations thereof of the cancer cells. In various embodiments, agents suitable for use in treating a cancer or reducing the growth rate of a tumor include, but are not limited to, small organic molecules, peptides, proteins, peptidomimetics, nucleic acids, antibodies and combinations thereof. In various embodiments, such agents can be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and can be administered: intravenously, orally, buccally, sublingually, parenterally, by inhalation, by nasal administration, by insufflation, by topical application, transdermally, by cutaneous injection, or by local administration. An agent can additionally be administered in conjunction with one or more anti cancer chemotherapeutic agent in an additive or synergistic manner.
[00121] As used herein,“cancer,”“cancer cell,”“tumor” and“tumor cell” are used interchangeably and mean a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells (e.g., a neoplasia). These can include solid tumor cancer, liquid tumor cancer and metastatic disease. In some forms of cancer, the cancer cells can spread locally or through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body (“metastatic cancer”). As used herein,“ex vivo activated lymphocytes,”“lymphocytes with enhanced antitumor activity” and“dendritic cell cytokine induced killers” are used interchangeably and mean composition of cells that have been activated ex vivo and subsequently reintroduced within the context of the current disclosure. Although the word “lymphocyte” is used, this also includes heterogeneous cells that have been expanded during the ex vivo culturing process including dendritic cells, NKT cells, gamma delta T cells, and various other innate and adaptive immune cells.
[00122] As used herein,“cancer” means any disease caused by uncontrolled division or growth of abnormal cells, and any malignant growth or tumor resultant from such uncontrolled division or growth. As used herein,“cancer” includes all types of cancer or neoplasm or malignant tumors found in animals, including leukemias, carcinomas and sarcomas. Examples of cancers include, but are not limited to: cancer of the brain, skin (including melanoma), breast, cervix, head and neck, kidney, lung, non-small cell lung, mesothelioma, sarcoma, any internal organ (including bladder, stomach, liver, pancreas, uterus, ovary, prostate, colon) and Medulloblastoma.
[00123] As used herein,“leukemia” means a broadly progressive, malignant disease of the hematopoietic organs or systems and is generally characterized by a distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemia diseases include, but are not limited to: acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, chronic granulocytic leukemia, acute promyelocytic leukemia, adult T-cell leukemia, B cell lymphoma, aleukemic leukemia, a leukocythemic leukemia, basophilic leukemia, blast cell leukemia, bovine leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, leukemia cutis, embryonal leukemia, eosinophilic leukemia, Gross' leukemia, Rieder cell leukemia, Schilling's leukemia, stem cell leukemia, subleukemic leukemia, undifferentiated cell leukemia, hairy-cell leukemia, hemoblastic leukemia, hemocytoblastic leukemia, histiocytic leukemia, stem cell leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, leukopenic leukemia, lymphatic leukemia, lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, lymphogenous leukemia, lymphoid leukemia, lymphosarcoma cell leukemia, mast cell leukemia, megakaryocytic leukemia, micromyeloblastic leukemia, monocytic leukemia, myeloblastic leukemia, myelocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, myeloid granulocytic leukemia, myelomonocytic leukemia, Naegeli leukemia, plasma cell leukemia, plasmacytic leukemia, and promyelocytic leukemia.
[00124] As used herein, the term“carcinoma” means a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues, or resist physiological and non- physiological cell death signals and give rise to metastases. Exemplary carcinomas include, but are not limited to: acinar carcinoma, acinous carcinoma, adenocystic carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, carcinoma adenomatosum, carcinoma of adrenal cortex, alveolar carcinoma, alveolar cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, carcinoma basocellulare, basaloid carcinoma, basosquamous cell carcinoma, bronchioalveolar carcinoma, bronchiolar carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, cerebriform carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma, chorionic carcinoma, colloid carcinoma, comedo carcinoma, corpus carcinoma, cribriform carcinoma, carcinoma en cuirasse, carcinoma cutaneum, cylindrical carcinoma, cylindrical cell carcinoma, duct carcinoma, carcinoma durum, embryonal carcinoma, encephaloid carcinoma, epiennoid carcinoma, carcinoma epitheliale adenoides, exophytic carcinoma, carcinoma ex ulcere, carcinoma fibrosum, gelatiniform carcinoma, gelatinous carcinoma, giant cell carcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, carcinoma simplex, small-cell carcinoma, solanoid carcinoma, spheroidal cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, carcinoma spongiosum, squamous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, string carcinoma, carcinoma telangiectaticum, carcinoma telangiectodes, transitional cell carcinoma, carcinoma tuberosum, tuberous carcinoma, verrmcous carcinoma, carcinoma villosum, carcinoma gigantocellulare, glandular carcinoma, granulosa cell carcinoma, hair- matrix carcinoma, hematoid carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hurthle cell carcinoma, hyaline carcinoma, hypemephroid carcinoma, infantile embryonal carcinoma, carcinoma in situ,
intraepidermal carcinoma, intraepithelial carcinoma, Krompecher's carcinoma, Kulchitzky-cell carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma, lenticular carcinoma, carcinoma lenticulare, lipomatous carcinoma, lymphoepithelial carcinoma, carcinoma medullare, medullary carcinoma, melanotic carcinoma, carcinoma molle, mucinous carcinoma, carcinoma muciparum, carcinoma mucocellulare, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, carcinoma mucosum, mucous carcinoma, carcinoma myxomatodes, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oat cell carcinoma, carcinoma ossificans, osteoid carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, periportal carcinoma, preinvasive carcinoma, prickle cell carcinoma, pultaceous carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma of kidney, reserve cell carcinoma, carcinoma sarcomatodes, Schneiderian carcinoma, scirrhous carcinoma, and carcinoma scroti.
[00125] As used herein, the term,“sarcoma” means a tumor which is made up of a substance like the embryonic connective tissue and is generally composed of closely packed cells embedded in a fibrillar, heterogeneous, or homogeneous substance. Sarcomas include, but are not limited to:
chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, melanosarcoma, myxosarcoma, osteosarcoma, endometrial sarcoma, stromal sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, fascial sarcoma, fibroblastic sarcoma, giant cell sarcoma, Abemethy's sarcoma, adipose sarcoma, liposarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, ameloblastic sarcoma, botryoid sarcoma, chloroma sarcoma, chorio carcinoma, embryonal sarcoma, Wilms’ tumor sarcoma, granulocytic sarcoma, Hodgkin's sarcoma, idiopathic multiple pigmented hemorrhagic sarcoma, immunoblastic sarcoma of B cells, lymphoma, immunoblastic sarcoma of T- cells, Jensen's sarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, Kupffer cell sarcoma, angiosarcoma, leukosarcoma, malignant mesenchymoma sarcoma, parosteal sarcoma, reticulocytic sarcoma, Rous sarcoma, serocystic sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and telangiectaltic sarcoma. Additional exemplary neoplasias include, for example, Hodgkin's Disease, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, primary
thrombocytosis, primary macroglobulinemia, small-cell lung tumors, primary brain tumors, stomach cancer, colon cancer, malignant pancreatic insulanoma, malignant carcinoid, premalignant skin lesions, testicular cancer, lymphomas, thyroid cancer, neuroblastoma, esophageal cancer, genitourinary tract cancer, malignant hypercalcemia, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and adrenal cortical cancer.
[00126] In some particular embodiments of the present technology, the cancer treated is a melanoma. As used herein, the term“melanoma” means a tumor arising from the melanocytic system of the skin or other organs. Melanomas include, for example, Harding-Passey melanoma, juvenile melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, malignant melanoma, acral-lentiginous melanoma, amelanotic melanoma, benign juvenile melanoma, Cloudman's melanoma, S91 melanoma, nodular melanoma subungual melanoma, and superficial spreading melanoma. As used herein, the term“polypeptide” is used interchangeably with“peptide,”“altered peptide ligand” and“fluorocarbonated peptides.”
[00127] As used herein, the term“pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active compound, use thereof in the therapeutic compositions is contemplated. Supplementary active compounds can also be incorporated into the compositions herein.
[00128] As used herein, the terms“T cell” or“T lymphocyte” are used interchangeably, and mean a cell derived from thymus among lymphocytes involved in an immune response. In various embodiments a T cell includes any of: a CD8-positive T cell (cytotoxic T cell: CTL), a CD4+ T cell (helper T cell), a suppressor T cell, a regulatory T cell such as a controlling T cell, an effector cell, a naive T cell, a memory T cell, an alpha (a) beta (b) T cell expressing TCR a and b chains, and a gamma (g) delta (d) T cell expressing TCR g and d chains.
[00129] In certain embodiments, the T cell includes a precursor cell of a T cell in which differentiation into a T cell is directed. Examples of“cell populations containing T cells” include, in addition to body fluids such as blood (peripheral blood, umbilical blood etc.) and bone marrow fluids, cell populations containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), hematopoietic cells, hematopoietic stem cells, umbilical blood mononuclear cells etc., which have been collected, isolated, purified or induced from the body fluids.
[00130] Further, a variety of cell populations containing T cells and derived from
hematopoietic cells can be used in connection with the embodiments of the present technology. These cells may have been activated by cytokine such as IL-2 in vivo or ex vivo, and can be collected in any known way, for example, collected from a living body; obtained via ex vivo culture, for example, a T cell population obtained by a method herein; or obtained by freeze preservation.
[00131] As used herein, the term“antibody” means both intact molecules as well as fragments thereof that include the antigen -binding site. Whole antibody structure is often given as H2L2 and refers to the fact that antibodies commonly comprise 2 light (L) amino acid chains and 2 heavy (H) amino acid chains. Both chains have regions capable of interacting with a structurally complementary antigenic target. The regions interacting with the target are referred to as "variable" or "V" regions and are characterized by differences in amino acid sequence from antibodies of different antigenic specificity. The variable regions of either H or L chains contain the amino acid sequences capable of specifically binding to antigenic targets. Within these sequences are smaller sequences dubbed "hypervariable" because of their extreme variability between antibodies of differing specificity. Such hypervariable regions are also referred to as "complementarity determining regions" or "CDR" regions. These CDR regions account for the basic specificity of the antibody for a particular antigenic determinant structure. The CDRs represent non-contiguous stretches of amino acids within the variable regions but, regardless of species, the positional locations of these critical amino acid sequences within the variable heavy and light chain regions have been found to have similar locations within the amino acid sequences of the variable chains. The variable heavy and light chains of all antibodies each have 3 CDR regions, each non-contiguous with the others (termed Ll, L2, L3, Hl,
H2, H3) for the respective light (L) and heavy (H) chains.
[00132] In various embodiments, the antibodies discussed herein can also be wholly synthetic, wherein the polypeptide chains of the antibodies are synthesized and, possibly, optimized for binding to the polypeptides disclosed herein as being receptors. Such antibodies can be, in various embodiments, chimeric or humanized antibodies, and can be fully tetrameric in structure, or can be dimeric and comprise only a single heavy and a single light chain.
[00133] As used herein, the terms“effective amount” or“therapeutically effective amount” are used interchangeably and mean a dosage sufficient to treat, inhibit, or alleviate one or more symptoms of a disease state being treated or to otherwise provide a desired pharmacologic or physiologic effect, especially enhancing T cell response to a selected antigen. The precise dosage in any given embodiment can vary according to a variety of factors such as subject-dependent variables (e.g., age, immune system health, etc.), the disease, and the treatment being administered.
[00134] As used herein, the terms“individual,”“host,”“subject” and“patient” are used interchangeably and mean a mammal, including, but not limited to, primates, for example, human beings, as well as rodents, such as mice and rats, and other laboratory animals or any other animals mentioned herein. In various embodiments, the compounds or compositions discussed herein can be general compounds or compositions useful for any purpose, pharmaceutical compounds or compositions, or animal (e.g., veterinary) compounds or compositions.
[00135] As used herein,“treat,”“treating” or“treatment” means an alleviation of symptoms associated with a disorder or disease, or inhibition of further progression or worsening of those symptoms, or prevention or prophylaxis of the disease or disorder; and includes: (i) preventing a pathologic condition from occurring (e.g., prophylaxis); (ii) inhibiting the pathologic condition or arresting its development (e.g., slowing or stopping proliferation of cancer cells or tumor growth); (iii) relieving the pathologic condition; or (iv) diminishing symptoms associated with the pathologic condition.
[00136] As used herein, the term“treatment regimen” means a treatment of a disease or a method for achieving a desired physiological change, such as increased or decreased response of the immune system to an antigen or immunogen, such as an increase or decrease in the number or activity of one or more cells, or cell types, that are involved in such response. In various embodiments discussed herein, the treatment or method comprises administering to an animal, such as a mammal, a sufficient amount of one or more (in certain embodiments two or more) chemical agents or components of said regimen to effectively treat a disease or to produce said physiological change. In certain embodiments, the two or more agents or components are administered together, such as part of the same composition, or administered separately and independently at the same time or at different times (i.e.. administration of each agent or component is separated by a finite period of time from one or more of the agents or components). In certain embodiments, administration of said one or more agents or components achieves a result greater than that of any of said agents or components when administered alone or in isolation.
[00137] As used herein, the terms“anergy” or“unresponsiveness” are used interchangeably and include unresponsiveness to an immune cell to stimulation, for example, stimulation by an activation receptor or cytokine. Anergy can occur due to, for example, exposure to an immune suppressor or exposure to an antigen in a high dose. Such anergy is generally antigen-specific, and can continue even after completion of exposure to a tolerized antigen. For example, the anergy in a T cell and/or NK cell can be characterized by failure of production of cytokine, e.g., interleukin (IL)-2. The T cell anergy and/or NK cell anergy can occur in part when a first signal (signal via TCR or CD- 3) is received in the absence of a second signal (costimulatory signal) upon exposure of a T cell and/or NK cell to an antigen.
[00138] As used herein, the terms“enhanced function of a T cell,”“enhanced cytotoxicity” and“augmented activity” are used interchangeably and mean that the effector function of the T cell or NK cell is improved. In certain embodiments, the enhanced function of the T cell or NK cell can include any of the following: an improvement in the proliferation rate of the T cell or NK cell, an increase in the production amount of cytokine, or an improvement in cytotoxity. Further, in certain embodiments the enhanced function of the T cell or NK cell includes cancellation or suppression of tolerance of the T cell or NK cell in the suppressed state such as the anergy (unresponsive) state, or the rest state, that is, transfer of the T cell or NK cell from the suppressed state into the state where the T cell or NK cell responds to stimulation from the outside.
[00139] As used herein,“expression” means generation of mRNA by transcription from nucleic acids such as genes, polynucleotides, and oligonucleotides, or generation of a protein or a polypeptide by transcription from mRNA. Expression can be detected by any method including RT- PCR, Northern Blot, or in situ hybridization. As used herein,“suppression of expression” means a decrease of a transcription product or a translation product in a significant amount as compared with the case of no suppression. The suppression of expression herein shows, in various embodiments, a decrease of a transcription product or a translation product in amounts of 30% or more, 50% or more, 70% or more, or 90% or more.
[00140] As used herein,“augmented immune response” means characterized by a particularly strong response or reaction of the immune system to the presence of an antigen. Under normal, non- pathological conditions, immune responses are regulated in a tightly controlled fashion. Moreover, immune responses are self-limiting and decline in time after exposure to the antigen. In case of an “augmented immune response” however, the immune response can be hypersensitive, i.e., the immune response can cause damage to the organism's own cells or tissue in presence of an antigen. Furthermore, in some cases of an“augmented immune response,” for example in auto-immune diseases or disorders or in transplant rejects (and the like), the immune system can fail to distinguish between self and non-self substances. As used herein,“disease related to an augmented immune response” accordingly relates to any disease or disorder in which an augmented immune response is etiological for, associated with, secondary to or the resultant of said disorder.
[00141] In certain embodiments, an augmented immune response can be determined by directly or indirectly measuring parameters that are indicative for the magnitude of the immune response or reaction to an antigen, and comparing the outcome of said measurement with the outcome of the same test in a physiologically normal subject. Parameters indicative for the magnitude of the immune response/reaction can include, but are not limited to: the presence or quantity of (specific) antibodies; the presence or quantity of (specific) immune cells; the presence or quantity of (specific) cytokines; or the presence or quantity of (specific) regulatory-, activation- or adhesion molecules.
[00142] For a disease to be related to an augmented immune response, accordingly, said augmented immune response can be detectable preceding, during or following said disease. In certain embodiments, the disease related to an augmented immune response is any of the following: [00143] an acute or chronic transplant rejection, including septic shock, infections caused by bacteria including MRSA and viruses;
[00144] — a dermatological disease, for example, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis or contact allergy;
[00145] T- and B-cell-mediated inflammatory disease, for example, asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD);
[00146] — graft-versus-host disease, for example, acute (or fulminant) graft-versus-host disease or chronic graft-versus-host disease; or
[00147] auto-immune disease, for example, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, like ulcerative colitis or Behcet's disease; vasculitis, lupus erythematosus, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, mixed collective tissue disease (MCTD) rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus (whether Type 1 or Type 2), celiac disease, celiac sprue disease, atherosclerosis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Grave's disease, autoimmune
hepatitis/hepatic autoimmune diseases, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, granulomatosis (e.g., morbus Wegener), Sjogren’s Syndrome, scleroderma, alopecia areata or autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
[00148] Immune responses can be exquisitely controlled, requiring multiple finely tuned levels of activation as well as inactivation signals. In T lymphocytes among these signaling networks, T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation activates NF-AT/AP-l, a family of transcription factors that is of particular importance during immune cell activation. NF-AT mediates the transcriptional induction of “cell fate -determining genes,” which govern as diverse outcomes as activation, anergy or apoptosis. Mechanistically, the rise of intracellular Ca2+ triggered by antigen binding to the TCR can lead to the activation of calcineurin's phosphatase activity. This leads to dephosphorylation of phospho-sites within the N-terminal regulatory domain on NF-AT and, subsequently, nuclear import of NF-AT. Upon transient stimuli, however, feedback inhibition, mediated via GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3), CK1 (casein kinase 1) and DYRK (dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase) protein kinases can counter-regulate NF-AT nuclear occupancy by rephosphorylation, which induces the nuclear export of NF-AT and the abort of immune activation-associated gene transcription. NF- AT family members are also subject to regulation in the nucleus through their ability to directly interact with other transcriptional regulatory factors. NF-AT requires a protein partner for high- affinity binding at most DNA sites. NF-AT complexes mostly contain cell type- or cell lineage- specific protein binding partners. In cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells, NF-AT forms complexes with GATA proteins.
[00149] Accordingly, in certain embodiments the present technology is directed to agonists or activators of NR2F6 for the treatment of a disease related to an augmented immune response. In other embodiments, the present technology is directed to the use of an agonist or activator of NR2F6 for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a disease related to an augmented immune response. The utilization of NR2F6 modulating compounds for alteration of immune response can be utilized by administering in patients suffering from cancer in which increased efficacy of a cancer vaccine is desired. In these situations, inhibition of NR2F6 is desirable, optionally in addition to immune stimulation. Thus, in various embodiments, the compositions herein can comprise any of the following:
[00150] (a) agonists/activators of NR2F6;
[00151] (b) antagonists/inhibitors of NR2F6;
[00152] (c) agonists/activators of NR2F6 in combination with: (i) one or more additional immune enhancers (ii) CAR-T cell therapy (which can reduce side effects); or (iii) autologous cell therapies, e.g., dendritic cells, anti -PD 1 and antiCTLA4 antibodies, PMBC, or umbilical vein cord blood-derived cells.
[00153] (d) antagonists/inhibitors of NR2F6 in combination with: (i) one or more additional immune suppressants; (ii) CAR-T cell therapy (which can reduce side effects); or (iii) autologous cell therapies, e.g., dendritic cells, anti -PD 1 and antiCTLA4 antibodies, PMBC, or umbilical vein cord blood-derived cells.
[00154] Accordingly, in certain embodiments, inhibitor compounds of NR2F6 are administered with a cancer antigen, said cancer antigens include ROBO-4. In certain embodiments, the antigens can be used to replace ROBO-4. These can include any of the following: a) Fos-related antigen 1; b) LCK; c) FAP; d) VEGFR2; e) NA17; f) PDGFR-beta; g) PAP; h) MAD-CT-2; i) Tie-2; j) PSA; k) protamine 2; l)legumain; m) endosialin; n) prostate stem cell antigen; o)carbonic anhydrase IX; p) STn; q) Page4; r) proteinase 3; s) GM3 ganglioside; t) tyrosinase; u) MART1; v) gplOO; w) SART3; x) RGS5; y)SSX2; z) Globoll; aa) Tn; ab) CEA; ac) hCG; ad) PRAME; ae) XAGE-l; af) AKAP-4; ag) TRP-2; ah) B7H3; ai) sperm fibrous sheath protein; aj) CYP1B1; ak)HMWMAA; al) sLe(a); am) MAGE Al; an) GD2; ao) PSMA; ap) mesothelin; aq) fucosyl GM1; ar) GD3; as) sperm protein 17; at) NY-ESO-l; au) PAX5; av) AFP; aw) polysialic acid; ax) EpCAM; ay) MAGE-A3; az) mutant p53; ba) ras; bb) mutant ras; be) NY-BR1; bd) PAX3; be) HER2/neu; bf) OY-TES1; bg) HPV E6 E7; bh) PLAC1; bi) hTERT; bj) BORIS; bk) ML-IAP; bl) idiotype of b cell lymphoma or multiple myeloma; bm) EphA2; bn) EGFRvIII; bo) cyclin Bl; bp) RhoC; bq) androgen receptor; br) surviving; bs) MYCN; bt) wildtype p53; bu) LMP2; bv) ETV6-AML; bw) MUC1; bx) BCR-ABL; by) ALK; bz) WT1; ca) ERG (TMPRSS2 ETS fusion gene); cb) sarcoma translocation breakpoint; cc) STEAP; cd) OFA/iLRP; and ce) Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4).
[00155] In certain embodiments, the assessment of compounds for NR2F6 modulating activity is performed utilizing means known in the art, such as described in U.S, Patent No. 9,091,696.
Compounds useful for the screening and modification for enhanced NR2F6 modulatory activity include: CAR Agonists such as 5 -Dihydroprogesterone, 6,7-Dimethylesculetin, Amiodarone, Artemisinin, Benfuracarb, Carbamazepine, Carvedilol, Chlorpromazine, Chrysin, CITCO,
Clotrimazole, Cyclophosphamide, Cypermethrin, DHEA, Efavirenz, Ellagic acid, Griseofulvin, Methoxychlor, Mifepristone, Nefazodone, Nevirapine, Nicardipine, Octicizer, Permethrin,
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Reserpine, TCPOBOP, Telmisartan, Tolnaftate, Troglitazone, Valproic acid. CAR Antagonists such as 3.17p-Estradiol. 3a-Androstanol, 3a-Androstenol, 3 -Androstanol, l7-Androstanol, AITC, Ethinyl estradiol, Meclizine, Nigramide J, Okadaic acid, PK-11195, S-07662, T-0901317. FXR Agonists such as Bile acids, Cafestol, Chenodeoxycholic acid, Fexaramine, GW- 4064, Obeticholic acid. FXR Antagonists such as Guggulsterone. LXR Agonists such as 22R- Hydroxycholesterol, 24S-Hydroxycholesterol, 27-Hydroxycholesterol, Cholestenoic acid, DMHCA, GW-3965, Hypocholamide, T-0901317. PPAR-alpha Agonists such as 15-HETE, 15-HrETE,
Aleglitazar, Aluminum clofibrate, Arachidonic acid, Bezafibrate, Clofibrate, CP -775146, DHEA, Elafibranor, Fenofibrate, Gemfibrozil, GW-7647, Leukotriene B4, LG-101506, LG-100754,
Lobeglitazone, Muraglitazar, Oleylethanolamide, Palmitoylethanolamide, Pemafibrate,
Perfluorononanoic acid, Perfluorooctanoic acid, Pioglitazone, Saroglitazar, Sodelglitazar,
Tesaglitazar, Tetradecylthioacetic acid, Troglitazone, WY- 14643. PPAR-alpha Antagonists such as GW-6471, MK-886. PPAR-delta Agonists such as 15-HETE, 15-HrETE, Arachidonic acid,
Bezafibrate, Elafibranor, GW-0742, GW-501516, L-l65,04l, LG-101506, MBX-8025, Sodelglitazar, Tetradecylthioacetic acid. PPAR-delta Antagonists such as FH-535, GSK-0660, GSK-3787. PPAR gamma agonists such as 5-Oxo-ETE, 5-Oxo-l5-hydroxy-ETE, 15 -Deoxy-A 12,14-prostaglandin J2, 15-HETE, 15-HrETE, Aleglitazar, Arachidonic acid, Berberine, Bezafibrate, Ciglitazone,
Darglitazone, Edaglitazone, Etalocib, GW-1929, Ibuprofen, LG-100268, LG-100754, LG-101506, Lobeglitazone, Muraglitazar, nTZDpa, Perfluorononanoic, acid, Pioglitazone, Prostaglandin J2, Rosiglitazone, RS5444, Saroglitazar, Sodelglitazar, Telmisartan, Tesaglitazar, Troglitazone.
SSPARMS such as BADGE, EPI-001, INT-131, MK-0533, S26948. PPAR gamma antagonists such as FH-535, GW-9662, SR-202, T-0070907. PPAR nonselective agonists such as Ciprofibrate, Clinofibrate, Clofibride, Englitazone, Etofibrate, Farglitazar, Netoglitazone, Ronifibrate,
Rivoglitazone, Simfibrate. PXR Agonists such as 5a-Dihydroprogesterone, 5 -Dihydroprogesterone, l7a-Hydroxypregnenolone ,l7a-Hydroxyprogesterone, A4-Androstenedione, A5-Androstenediol, D5- Androstenedione, AA-861, Allopregnanolone, Alpha-Lipoic acid, Ambrisentan, AMI-193,
Amlodipine besylate, Antimycotics, Artemisinin, Aurothioglucose, Bile acids, Bithionol, Bosentan, Bumecaine, Cafestol, Cephaloridine, Cephradine, Chlorpromazine, Ciglitazone, Clindamycin, Clofenvinfos, Chloroxine, Clotrimazole, Colforsin, Corticosterone, Cyclophosphamide, Cyproterone acetate, Demecolcine, Dexamethasone, DHEA, DHEA-S, Dibunate sodium, Diclazuril, Dicloxacillin, Dimercaprol, Dinabne, Docetaxel, Docusate calcium, Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, Dronabinol, Droxidopa, Ebumamonine, Ecopipam, Enzacamene, Epothilone B, Erythromycin, Famprofazone, Febantel, Felodipine, Fenbendazole, Fentanyl, Flucloxacillin, Fluorometholone, Griseofulvin, Haloprogin, Hetacillin potassium, Hyperforin (Hypericum perforatum), Indinavir sulfate, Lasalocid sodium, Levothyroxine, Linolenic acid, LOE-908, Loratadine, Lovastatin, Meclizine, Methacycline, Methylprednisolone, Metyrapone, Mevastatin, Mifepristone, Nafcillin, Nicardipine, Nicotine, Nifedipine, Nilvadipine, Nisoldipine, Norelgestromin, Omeprazole, Orlistat, Oxatomide, Paclitaxel, Phenobarbital, Plicamycin, Prednisolone, Pregnanolone, Pregnenolone, Pregnenolone 16a- carbonitrile, Proadifen, Progesterone, Reserpine, Reverse triiodothyronine Rifampicin, Rifaximin, Rimexolone, Riodipine, Ritonavir, Simvastatin, Sirolimus, Spironolactone, Spiroxatrine, SR-12813, Suberoylanilide, Sulfisoxazole, Suramin, Tacrolimus, Tenybdone, Terconazole, Testosterone isocaproate, Tetracycline, Thiamylal sodium, Thiothixene, Thonzonium bromide, Tianeptine, Troglitazone, Troleandomycin, Tropanyl 3,5-dimethulbenzoate, Zafirlukast, Zearalanol. PXR Antagonist such as Ketoconazole. RAR Agonists such as 9CDHRA, 9-cis-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin), AC-261066, AC-55649, Acitretin, Adapalene, all-trans-Retinoic acid (tretinoin), AM-580, BMS-493, BMS-753, BMS-961, CD-1530, CD-2314, CD-437, Ch-55, EC 23, Etretinate, Fenretinide,
Isotretinoin, Palovarotene, Retinoic acid, Retinol (vitamin A), Tamibarotene, Tazarotene, Tazarotenic acid, TTNPB. RAR Antagonists such as BMS-195614, BMS-493, CD-2665, ER-50891, LE-135, MM-11253. RXR Agonists such as 9CDHRA, 9-cis-Retinoic acid (alitretinoin), all-trans-Retinoic acid (tretinoin), Bexarotene, CD 3254, Docosahexaenoic acid, Fluorobexarotene, Isotretinoin, LG- 100268, LG-101506, LG-100754, Retinoic acid, Retinol (vitamin A), SR-l 1237. RXR Antagonists such as HX-531, HX-630, LG-100754, PA-452, UVI-3003. TR Agonists such as Dextrothyroxine, GC-l, Levothyroxine, Liothyronine, Thyroxine, Tiratricol, Triiodothyronine.
[00156] Other compounds useful for modulation of NR2F6 activity include: 5-tert-butyl-N-
[(6-fluoro-4H-l,3-benzodioxin-8-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyrazole-3-carboxamide, ST50775950, ethyl 4- (cyclohexylamino)-2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-l-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate, ethyl 4- (cyclopentylamino)-2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-l-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate, AGN-PC-09SAX3, SMR000064686, AGN-PC-0NLTEQ, T6090485, MLS002548992, 5,6-dimethyl-4-[4-[2-(4- methylphenoxy)ethyl]piperazin-l-yl]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine, MLS002473459, MLS001030349, 4- (3,4-dihydro-lH-isoquinolin-2-yl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-b]indole, 4-(3,4-Dihydro-lH-isoquinolin-2-yl)-8- fluoro-5H-pyrimido[5,4-b]indole, 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazino]-5H-pyrimido[5,4-b]indole, 4- [4-( 1 ,3 -benzodioxol-5 -ylmethyl)piperazin- 1 -yl] -7 -methoxy-5H-pyrimido [5 ,4-b]indole,
SMR000044829,8-fluoro-N-(3-propan-2-yloxypropyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-b]indol-4-amine, GNF-Pf- 1678, MLS003116118, 2-[4-(5-methyl-[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl)piperazin-l-yl]-l,3- benzothiazole, 5-methyl-3,6-diphenylpyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7 -amine, 4-[4-[(4- chlorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-l-yl]-l-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, MLS002632722, MLS002477203,MLS003 l208l4, AGN-PC-07AHX3, MLS003120821,
MLS003120807, MLS003120811, MLS003120820, ethyl 4-[[l-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-4-yl]amino]piperidine-l-carboxylate, N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidin-4-amine, N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-6-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine hydrochloride, N-(l-phenylethyl)quinazolin-4 -amine, AG-F-87638, ZINC03428816,
CHEMBL493153, ST50323391, N-Benzylquinazolin-4-amine, ST50483228, N-[4-(2-methyl-l- methylsulfonyl-2,3-dihydroindol-5-yl)-l,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-thiophen-2-ylacetamide, F0558-0175,
AC 1 MLR07, 4-(2-methylimidazo [ 1 ,2-a]pyridin-3 -yl)-N -(3 -methylphenyl)- 1 ,3 -thiazol-2-amine, AGN-PC-09PPXW, Compound l5Jf, AC1MEEXM, ST50941838, [2-[(3-carbamoylthiophen-2- yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl] 2-naphthalen-l-ylacetate, F0239-0029, AC1OBZ0O, ST4126227, l-[(4- bromophenyl)methyl]-2-methylbenzimidazole, SMR000718391, MLS002694437, Chlormidazole, 2- methyl-l-(2-methylbenzyl)-lH-benzimidazole, MLS003119103, Ambcb904563 l l, AGN-PC- 04RX4B, MLS001122505, Ambcb81049924, AGN-PC-04RX7E, Ambcb42757923, MLS001124721, 7-benzyl-4-chloro-5,6-dimethyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, AGN-PC-04V4GP, MLS000562030, AGN-PC-00YPMB, T5400648, MLS003107990, AC1NUNJE, MLS002701851, SMR000185185, STK85040l,[(3-bromobenzyl)sulfanyl][(4-fluorophenyl)amino]methylidene, propanedinitrile, AC1NXBLH, CAS-66-81-9, Cycloheximide, ACTIPHENOL, MLS001032885, MLS000553012, SMR000285129, MLS000688479, MLS002702480, GNF-Pf-4659, MLS002702449, T0501-4035, MLS000712179, AGN-PC-00MQWB, AGN-PC-0NKU3S, T0503-0850, T0501-5798,
SMR000212173, 3,3'-Diethylthiazolinocarbocyanine iodide, 2 -methyl-3, 5 -bis(4- methylphenyl)isoxazol-2-ium, MLS000705900, SMR000211540, AGN-PC-00PL3I, AGN-PC- ONJNZK, SMR000354849, T0503-1204, MLS000688685, GNF-Pf-4078, T0503-3525, T0503-4982,
T0501-7391, GNF-Pf-3268, TCMDC-125620, 1 -[1, 1 '-Biphenyl] -4-yl-2-(4-imino-l(4H)- pyridinyl)ethanone, SMR000036350, MLS000080109, MLS000080126, Ambcb40308772,
MLS000733369, Ambcb20390854, MLS000732313, AGN-PC-04RYS6, Ambcb33735952, AGN- PC-04RYKA, MLS000733096, Ambcb63657849, MLS001090213, T6132867, MLS003678910, AC10XF5M, SMR000218920, MLS000037490, Boc-KS, MLS000734694, AGN-PC-087SDW, ISUPSL100073, 4-{[5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl) benzenol, BAS 07204618, MLS001144057,
MLS001250118, SMR000041809, SMR000635220, MLS003120011, T5546966, 4-chloro-N-(4- chlorobenzyl)-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, 3-(Toluene-4-sulfonylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro- benzo[4,5]imidazo[2, l-b]thiazole, T0508-0735, Carboxyamidotriazole, MLS003116132, F0850-5968, Verrucarin A 9,l0-epoxide, MLS002702133, Ossamycin, MLS002702060, Dihydrorotenone, SMR000623161, Pyridaben, ASN 09858385, T6069554, T6302989, SMR000629820,
SMR000629835, MLS001028777, MLS001028747, MLS001028806, SMR000625125, T5403634, T5459762, T5626573, T5337170, SMR000093473, T6120097, N-[2-[2-[2,5-dimethyl-l-(thiophen-2- ylmethyl)pyrrol-3-yl]-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl]acetamide, MLS000575323, N-[4-[2-[2,5-dimethyl-l- (thiophen-2-ylmethyl)pyrrol-3-yl]-2-oxoethyl]sulfanylphenyl]acetamide, SMR000274842, T5565081, 6-chloro-N-[3-[(4-methoxyphenyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide, N-methyl-N-[( 1,3,5- trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)methyl]naphthalene-2 -sulfonamide, T6099016, T6094971, ASN 04448329, SMR000241542, AGN-PC-03RL0E, AGN-PC-080KFN, T6151837, AGN-PC-0KIUAY, N-[4-(4- methylphenyl)- 1 ,3 -thiazol-2-yl] - 1 -thiophen-2-ylsulfonylpiperidine-4-carboxamide, 5 -(3 ,5 - dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)sulfonyl-N,N-diethyl-3-methyl-l-benzofuran-2 -carboxamide,
SMR000124769, N-(l-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-l-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)sulfonylpiperidine-4- carboxamide, MLS001095722, 4-ethoxy-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-3- ethoxy-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide, 2, 4, 6-trimethyl -N-(pyridin-4- ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide, BAS 05598377, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethyl-N-(pyridin-4- ylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide, MLS000735463, MLS000687652, AGN-PC-093SBW, AG- 401/42008258, 5L-526S, 2-[[5-(3-chloro-l-benzothiophen-2-yl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl]sulfanyl]acetonitrile, 2-(5-Pyridin-3-yl-[l, 3, 4]thiadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-quinolin-4-yl -acetamide, 2-[[5-(benzotriazol-l-ylmethyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl]-N-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-N- phenylacetamide, 2-[[5-(benzotriazol-l-ylmethyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl]-N-[(4- fluorophenyl)methyl]-N-phenylacetamide, SR-01000288264, 2-(l-cyclopropyltetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl- l-[4-[(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)methyl]piperazin-l-yl]ethanone, N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-l,4-diazepane-l-carbothioamide, T0512-9975, [[2,7-bis(2-morpholin- 4-ylethoxy)fluoren-9-ylidene]amino]thiourea, MLS001018548, T0507-0244, 4-(4-acetylphenyl)-N- (4-phenoxyphenyl)piperazine-l -carbothioamide, N-(3 -ethoxypropyl)-4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)- 1,3- thiazol-2-yl]piperazine-l-carbothioamide, (+)-Emetine dihydrochloride hydrate, MLS002302684, 4- (6-chloro-l,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-l,4-diazepane-l-carboxamide, N-(3- chloro-2 -methylphenyl)-4-(3-phenyl-l, 2, 4-thiadiazol-5-yl)-l,4-diazepane-l -carboxamide,
MLS000692856, bjm-csc-l9, MLS002701991, and MLS000586514. Additional compounds include 6-formylindolo (3,2-B) carbazole, 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide, 3,5-Dilodo-L-tyrosine, Rifampicin, and Z30972355.
[00157] Another aspect of the present disclosure is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a NR2F6 modulator, such as a NR2F6 inhibitor or NR2F6 activator, for use in the methods described herein. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the present technology provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a NR2F6 inhibitor or NR2F6 activator in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent. Such pharmaceutical composition can be, in various embodiments, a composition suitable for administering to a human, or to an animal (i.e., a veterinary pharmaceutical composition).
[00158] In various embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions herein can be used to inhibit NR2F6; or to activate NR2F6.
[00159] In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is used to treat a disease or a hematopoietic condition as described herein. The NR2F6 inhibitors or NR2F6 activators can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for administration to subjects in a biologically compatible form suitable for administration in vivo. [00160] As used herein,“biologically compatible form suitable for administration in vivo” means a form of the substance to be administered in which any toxic effects are outweighed by the therapeutic effects. In various embodiments, the substances herein can be administered to living organisms including humans, and animals. Administration of a therapeutically active amount of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure is defined as an amount effective, at dosages and for periods of time necessary to achieve the desired result. For example, a therapeutically active amount of a substance can vary according to factors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of the individual, and the ability of inhibitor to elicit a desired response in the individual. Dosage regime can be adjusted to provide the optimum therapeutic response. For example, several divided doses can be administered daily or the dose can be proportionally reduced as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation.
[00161] In various embodiments, the active substance can be administered by, e.g., injection
(subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, etc.), oral administration, inhalation, intranasal, transdermal or topical administration (such as topical cream or ointment, salve, paste or the like), pulmonary, buccal, subdermal, intradermal, transdermal or parenteral, rectal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraurethral, intramuscular, ophthalmic or suppository administration. Depending on the route of administration, the active substance can, in certain embodiments, be coated in a material to protect the compound from the action of enzymes, acids and other natural conditions which could inactivate the compound.
[00162] In certain embodiments, the active substance can be formulated into delayed release formulations such that NR2F6 can be inhibited or activated for longer periods of time than a conventional formulation.
[00163] In certain embodiments, a method herein includes the following steps: (a) extraction of an amount of a patient’s cellular material, including, but not limited to: blood, saliva, sweat, or any portion of a tumor known or believed to be in a diseased state; (b) isolating immune cells from the cellular material; (c) inhibiting or activating the NR2F6 target in the extracted immune cells; and (d) re-administering the immune cells (for example, by injection) to the patient’s body. This can have the effect of“reprogramming” the immune cells to attack tumors or other invasive cells.
[00164] In certain embodiments, other types of a patient’s cellular material can also be extracted. These include, for example, any part of the blood (blood serum, red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets), any other material from the body that includes the patient’s cells (for example, skin, hair, nails, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, intravascular fluid, interstitial fluid, lymphatic fluid, transcellular fluid, exudates, lymph, sweat, sebum or serous fluid). In certain embodiments, the re-administering of the immune cells to the patient’s body can be done by injection, introduction through the nose or mouth (for example, inhalation), skin or mucous membranes.
[00165] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds alone or in combination with another medicament. As set forth herein, compounds herein include stereoisomers (including, e.g., enantiomers, diastereomers, cis-trans and E-Z isomers, conformers and atropisomers), tautomers, solvates, prodrugs, metabolites, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and mixtures thereof. Compositions containing a compound herein can be prepared by conventional techniques, and can appear in conventional forms, for example, oral dosage forms; or any ingestible, inhalable (e.g., through the mouth, nose or mucosa); or topical applications, e.g. , applicable to the skin, nails, eyes or the like. These can include, in various embodiments, capsules, tablets, pills, cachets, dispersible granules, lozenges, aerosols, solutions, powders, suspensions, emulsions, gels, mousses, foams, drops, lotions, creams, paste, dragees, suppositories and any application deliverable to the body of a user.
[00166] In various embodiments, dosages and compounds herein can be prepared and administered in a wide variety of oral, parenteral, and topical dosage forms, including, but not limited to, by injection (e.g., intravenously, intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously,
intraduodenally, or intraperitoneally); by inhalation (e.g.. intranasally); or transdermally. In certain embodiments, multiple routes of administration can be used to optimize delivery of the compounds herein. [00167] In various embodiments, the compositions described herein can be prepared by known methods for the preparation of pharmaceutically acceptable compositions which can be administered to subjects, such that an effective quantity of the active substance is combined in a mixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. On this basis, the compositions can include, albeit not exclusively, solutions of the substances in association with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable vehicles or diluents, and contained in buffered solutions with a suitable pH and iso-osmotic with the physiological fluids.
[00168] In certain embodiments, a powder or tablet according to a dosage form herein can contain about 5 to about 75%, about 10 to about 70%, or about 15 to about 65% of the active compound. Suitable carriers include, but are not limited to: magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like.
[00169] In various embodiments, carriers for certain dosages can include aqueous solutions of dextrose, saline, water, organic solvents including ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol, oils including peanut oil or sesame oil; or polyoxyethylene-block polymers. Aqueous solutions or suspensions can be made by dispersing the finely divided active component in water or another solvent with viscous material, such as natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other suspending agents.
[00170] In various embodiments, the compounds or dosages herein can also be incorporated into liposomes or micelles, or administered via transdermal pumps or patches.
[00171] Some compounds may have limited solubility in water and therefore may require a surfactant or other appropriate co-solvent in the composition. Such co-solvents include: Polysorbate 20, 60, and 80; Pluronic F-68, F-84, and P-103; cyclodextrin; and polyoxyl 35 castor oil; and in various embodiments, are present in amounts of about 0.01 to about 10%, about 0.05 to about 5% or about 0.1 to about 3% by weight.
[00172] In certain embodiments, it may be desirable to increase the viscosity of the dosage forms herein for ease in dispensing or delivery. Such viscosity building agents include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, chondroitin sulfate and salts thereof, hyaluronic acid and salts thereof, and combinations of the foregoing; and in various embodiments, are present in amounts of about 0.01 to about 10%, about 0.05 to about 5% or about 0.1 to about 3% by weight.
[00173] The compositions herein can, in certain embodiments, additionally include components to provide sustained release or comfort. Such components include, but are not limited to, high molecular weight, anionic mucomimetic polymers, gelling polysaccharides, finely-divided drug carrier substrates, emollients, humectants, moisturizers, essential oils, oils, lipids, fatty acids, glycerides, extracts of natural ingredients, soaps and waxes.
Useful Compounds
[00174] The present disclosure includes various compounds that were found to be modulators of NR2F6 activity and NR2F6 utilizing compounds, and the immune modulation and modulation of cancer stem cell activity. Exemplary compounds and methods are shown in the attached FIGS. 1-58. These compounds were initially found to be modulators of NR2F6 activity and NR2F6 utilizing compounds, and the immune modulation and modulation of cancer stem cell activity. In various embodiments, the compounds comprise one or more of the following functional groups: a sulfonyl group, a sulfone group R-S(=0)2-R' where R and R' are any organic functional groups, a pyrazine group, any phenyl substituted with one or more halogens including chlorine or fluorine; or any composition comprising two or more phenyl constituents. In certain embodiments, a compound herein can be in amorphous form, crystalline form, or a mixture thereof; as well as any polymorph or amorphous form, a solvate, a hydrate or an unsolvated form.
EXAMPLE 1
[00175] The methodology for screening candidate compounds as NR2F6 agonists was as follows: For primary screening, hit criteria was ACT% > DMSO control + 5*SD (DSO control) at 10 mM, or any compound with S/B > 2. For rescreening, hit criteria was ACT% > DMSO control + 3*SD (DSO control) in each replicate at 10 mM. For counterscreening, hit criteria was mean ACT < DMSO control + 3*SD (DMSO control) with ERa transient transfection in duplicate at 10 pM.
[00176] Table 1 shows screening results from a first set of compounds.
Figure imgf000050_0002
Table 1
[00177] Cl, C7 and Cl lwere found to have particularly good activity:
Figure imgf000050_0001
Compound C 1 Compound C7 [00179]
Figure imgf000051_0001
Compound Cl l Compound 18
Additional compounds included the following:
[00180]
Figure imgf000051_0002
Compound C8 Compound C9 Compound C16 [00182] Yet additional compounds tested included Compounds 17, 19, 22 and C3-C6:
Figure imgf000052_0001
Compound C4 Compound C3
Figure imgf000052_0002
Compound C5 Compound C6
[00183] Compound Cl 1 was found to be particularly promising. FIGS. 16A and 16B show results of cytokins release by hPBMC and cytotox for Compound Cl 1. For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs, the Compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. For cytotox on HEK293, HEK293 pGL4 and HEK293 NR2F6 (full length) cmpd was tested from 50 uM with dilution step 3.16 in duplicates.
[00184] The human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) w/o compounds.
[00185] Compounds related to Compound Cl 1 were further explored, and in particular,
Compound Cl 1 was substituted with various moieties to test how this affected its activity. [00186] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
(la), (lb) or (Ic):
Figure imgf000053_0001
wherein any of R, Rl and R2 are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
[00187] In certain embodiments of any of the Formulas (I through XVII) herein, any of R,
RA, RB, R1-R8, X, Q, Ql, Q2, or A can be any of the following: Me, OMe, Br, N, H, Cl, F or N02. In certain embodiments, any of R, RA, RB, R1-R8, X, Q, Ql, Q2, or A can be any of the following: 4-Me, 4-OMe, 4-Br, 4-t-Bu, 3,4-di-Me, 4-C1, 3,4-di-Cl, 3-C1-4-F, 2-F, 3-C1, 3-CH3-4-F, 4-iPr, Ph, 4- MeO-C6H4, 4-tBu, 2, 4-diMe, 2-thienyl, 2-MeO-4-Cl, 4-C1, 2-furayl, 4-F-C6H4, 2,4-diMeC6H3, 3- Me-4-F or 4-C1-C6H4.
[00188] Compounds of Formulas 1(a) and 1(b) were rescreened in multiple assays to acquire statistical confidence in the results. Results were repeated in follow set screens from fresh powder. Analogs obtained are shown in FIGS. 17B. [00189] Four particularly useful compounds that were all based on Cl 1 (Compounds C12 through Cl 5) were identified as follows:
Figure imgf000054_0001
C14 C15
[00190] Activity of the above compounds (C12 through C15) is shown in Table 2:
Figure imgf000054_0002
Table 2
[00191] Further compounds related to the Compound Cl 1 and the compound of Formulas (la)
(lb) or (Ic) were tested. These include the following: [00192]
Figure imgf000055_0001
Compound Cl 00 Compound C101
[00193]
Figure imgf000055_0002
Compound C l 03 Compound C l 04
[00194]
Figure imgf000055_0003
Compound Cl 05 Compound Cl 06 [00195]
Figure imgf000056_0001
Compound Cl 07
[00196]
Figure imgf000056_0002
Compound Cl 08 Compound Cl 09
[00197]
Figure imgf000056_0003
Compound Cl 10 Compound C 111
[00198]
Figure imgf000056_0004
Compound Cl 12 Compound Cl 13 [00199]
Figure imgf000057_0001
Compound Cl 14 Compound Cl 15
[00200]
Figure imgf000057_0002
Compound Cl 16
[00201]
Figure imgf000057_0003
Compound Cl 17
[00202]
Figure imgf000057_0004
Compound C 118 [00203]
Figure imgf000058_0001
Compound C 121 Compound Cl 22
[00205]
Figure imgf000058_0002
Compound C125 Compound Cl 26
[00207]
Figure imgf000059_0001
Compound C 133 Compound C 134
[00211]
Figure imgf000060_0001
Compound C140 Compound C141 [00215]
Figure imgf000061_0001
Compound Cl 42 Compound Cl 43
[00216]
Figure imgf000061_0002
Compound Cl 44 Compound C145
[00217]
Figure imgf000061_0003
Compound C146 Compound Cl 47
[00218]
Figure imgf000061_0004
Compound C148 Compound Cl 49 [00219]
Figure imgf000062_0001
Compound Cl 50 Compound C151
[00220]
Figure imgf000062_0002
Compound Cl 52 Compound C153
[00221]
Figure imgf000062_0003
Compound Cl 54 Compound Cl 55 [00222]
Figure imgf000063_0001
Compound Cl 59 Compound C316
Figure imgf000063_0002
Compound Cl 62 Compound Cl 63 [00226]
Figure imgf000064_0001
Compound Cl 64
[00227]
Figure imgf000064_0003
Compound C167 Compound Cl 68
[00229]
Figure imgf000064_0002
Compound C169 Compound Cl 70 [00230]
Figure imgf000065_0003
Compound Cl 73 Compound Cl 74
[00232]
Figure imgf000065_0001
Compound C175
[00233]
Figure imgf000065_0002
Compound C l 76 [00234]
Figure imgf000066_0001
Compound Cl 77
[00235]
Figure imgf000066_0002
Compound Cl 78
[00236]
Figure imgf000066_0003
Compound Cl 79
[00237]
Figure imgf000066_0004
Compound Cl 80 [00238]
Figure imgf000067_0001
Compound C 181
[00239] Further results of the testing of these compounds are shown in the tables below. Each compound shows results based on the different identities of the Rl moiety.
[00240] For example, compounds of Formula (la) and (lb) were tested with different moieties as Rl, and the results are shown below in Table 3:
Figure imgf000067_0003
Table 3
[00241] In further embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
(II):
Figure imgf000067_0002
Figure imgf000067_0004
wherein any of Rl and R2 are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
[00242] In certain embodiments, any of Rl and R2 can be any of the moieties listed below in
Tables 4 and 5. Various compounds of Formula (II) were tested with different moieties as Rl and R2, and the results are shown below in Tables 4 and 5:
Figure imgf000068_0001
Table 4
Figure imgf000069_0002
Table 5
[00243] In further embodiments, the present technology is direct to compounds of Formula
(III):
Figure imgf000069_0001
Figure imgf000069_0003
wherein any of Q and Rl are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
[00244] Various compounds of Formula (III) were tested with different moieties as Rl and Q, and t . These include the following: [00245]
Figure imgf000070_0001
Compound C 182 Compound Cl 88
[00246]
Figure imgf000070_0002
Compound Cl 94 Compound Cl 95
[00247]
Figure imgf000070_0003
Compound Cl 83 Compound 184
[00248]
Figure imgf000070_0004
Compound Cl 85 Compound Cl 86 [00249]
Figure imgf000071_0001
Compound Cl 87 Compound Cl 89
[00250]
Figure imgf000071_0002
Compound Cl 90 Compound C191
[00251]
Figure imgf000071_0003
Compound Cl 92 Compound Cl 93
[00252]
Figure imgf000071_0004
Compound Cl 96 Compound C201
Figure imgf000072_0001
Compound Cl 98 Compound Cl 99
[00255]
Figure imgf000072_0002
Compound C203 Compound C204
[00256]
Figure imgf000072_0003
Compound C205 Compound C206
Figure imgf000073_0001
Compound C211 Compound C212 [00261]
Figure imgf000074_0001
Compound C214 Compound C215
[00262]
Figure imgf000074_0002
Compound C216 Compound C217
[00263]
Figure imgf000074_0003
Compound C218 Compound C220
[00264]
Figure imgf000074_0004
Compound C219 Compound C221 [00265]
Figure imgf000075_0001
Compound C223 Compound C224
[00266]
Figure imgf000075_0002
Compound C225 Compound C222
[00267]
Figure imgf000075_0003
Compound C223
[00268] The results of the tests are shown below in Tables 6-8:
Figure imgf000075_0004
Figure imgf000076_0001
Table 6
Figure imgf000076_0002
Table 7
Figure imgf000077_0002
Tab: e 8
[00269] In further embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
(IV):
Figure imgf000077_0001
Figure imgf000077_0003
wherein any of Q and Rl are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
[00270] Various compounds of Formula (IV) were tested with different moieties as Q and Rl .
These included the following: [00271]
Figure imgf000078_0001
Compound C226 Compound C227
[00272]
Figure imgf000078_0002
Compound C230 Compound C248 [00274]
Figure imgf000079_0001
Compound C231 Compound C232
[00275]
Figure imgf000079_0002
Compound C233 Compound C234
[00276]
Figure imgf000079_0003
Compound C235 Compound C236 [00277]
Figure imgf000080_0001
Compound C237 Compound C238
[00278]
Figure imgf000080_0002
Compound C239 Compound C240
[00279]
Figure imgf000080_0003
Compound C241 Compound C242 [00280]
Figure imgf000081_0001
Compound C243 Compound C244
[00281]
Figure imgf000081_0002
Compound C245 Compound C246
[00282]
Figure imgf000081_0003
Compound C247 Compound C249 [00283]
Figure imgf000082_0001
Compound C250 Compound C251
[00284]
Figure imgf000082_0002
Compound C252 Compound C253
[00285]
Figure imgf000082_0003
Compound C254 Compound C256 [00286]
Figure imgf000083_0001
Compound C255 Compound C257
[00287]
Figure imgf000083_0002
Compound C258
[00288]
Figure imgf000083_0003
Compound C259 Compound C260 [00289]
Figure imgf000084_0001
Compound C265 Compound C266 [00292]
Figure imgf000085_0001
Compound C269 Compound C270
[00294]
Figure imgf000085_0002
Compound C271 Compound C272 [00295]
Figure imgf000086_0001
Compound C277 Compound C278 [00298]
Figure imgf000087_0001
Compound C279
[00299]
Figure imgf000087_0002
Compound C280 Compound C281
[00300]
Figure imgf000087_0003
Compound C282 [00301] The results are shown below in Table 9:
Figure imgf000088_0002
Table 9
[00302] In further embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
(V):
Figure imgf000088_0001
wherein any of A and Rl are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
[00303] Various compounds of Formula (V) were tested with different moieties as A and Rl, and the results are shown below in Table 10:
Figure imgf000089_0001
Table 10
[00304] In further embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
(VI):
(VI)
Figure imgf000089_0002
wherein any of Ql, Q2 and Rl are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
[00305] Various compounds of Formula (VI) were tested with different moieties as Ql and
Q2. These included the following:
[00306]
Figure imgf000090_0001
Compound C283 Compound C288
[00307]
Figure imgf000090_0002
Compound C284 Compound C285
[00308]
Figure imgf000090_0003
Compound C286 Compound C287 [00309]
Figure imgf000091_0001
Compound C289 Compound C292
[00310]
Figure imgf000091_0002
Compound C294 Compound C295 [00312]
Figure imgf000092_0001
Compound C299 Compound C300
[00314]
Figure imgf000092_0002
Compound C297 Compound C298
[00315]
Figure imgf000092_0003
Compound C301 Compound C302 Compound C303 [00316] The results are shown below in Table 1 1 :
Figure imgf000093_0002
Table 1 1
[00317] In certain embodiments, the technology is directed to compounds of Formulas (VII) or (VIII):
Figure imgf000093_0001
wherein any of X and R is: C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile; and wherein n is an integer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. In certain embodiments, the X-R moiety represents a benzene ring fused to the n-membered ring containing the N substitution, to create a bicyclic functional group; see. e.g.. Compounds F41 through F47 below.
[00318] Exemplary compounds in accordance with these Formulas include the following:
Figure imgf000094_0001
Compound C304 Compound C305
[00319]
Figure imgf000094_0002
Compound C306 Compound C307
[00320]
Figure imgf000094_0003
Compound C308 Compound C309 [00321]
Figure imgf000095_0001
Compound C310 Compound C311
[00322]
Figure imgf000095_0002
Compound C312 Compound C313
[00323]
Figure imgf000095_0003
Compound C314 Compound Z 170 [00324]
Figure imgf000096_0001
Compound Z174 Compound Z175 [00327]
Figure imgf000097_0001
Compound Z176 Compound Z177
[00328]
Figure imgf000097_0003
Compound C319 Compound F14
\
[00330]
Figure imgf000097_0002
Compound F15 Compound F13 [00331]
Figure imgf000098_0001
Compound F16 Compound F17
[00332]
Figure imgf000098_0002
Compound F 18 Compound F19
[00333]
Figure imgf000098_0003
Compound F20 Compound F21 [00334]
Figure imgf000099_0001
Compound F22 Compound F23
[00335]
Figure imgf000099_0002
Compound F24 Compound F25
[00336]
Figure imgf000099_0003
Compound F26 Compound F27 [00337]
Figure imgf000100_0001
Compound F28 Compound F29
[00338]
Figure imgf000100_0002
Compound F30 Compound F31
[00339]
Figure imgf000100_0003
Compound F32 Compound F33 [00340]
Figure imgf000101_0001
Compound F34 Compound F35
[00341]
Figure imgf000101_0002
Compound F36 Compound F37
[00342]
Figure imgf000101_0003
Compound F38 Compound F39 [00343]
Figure imgf000102_0001
Compound F40 Compound F41
[00344]
Figure imgf000102_0002
Compound F42 Compound F43
[00345]
Figure imgf000102_0003
Compound F44 Compound F45 [00346]
Figure imgf000103_0001
Compound F46 Compound F47
[00347]
Figure imgf000103_0002
Compound F48 Compound F49
[00348]
Figure imgf000103_0003
Compound F50 Compound F51 [00349]
Figure imgf000104_0001
Compound F52 Compound F53
[00350]
Figure imgf000104_0002
Compound F54 Compound F55
[00351]
Figure imgf000104_0003
Compound F56 Compound F57 [00352]
Figure imgf000105_0001
Compound F58 Compound F59
[00353]
Figure imgf000105_0002
Compound F60 Compound F61
[00354]
Figure imgf000105_0003
Compound F62 Compound F63 [00355]
Figure imgf000106_0001
Compound F64 Compound F65
[00356]
Figure imgf000106_0002
Compound F66 Compound F67
[00357]
Figure imgf000106_0003
Compound F68 [00358] Further exemplary compounds tested in accordance with the various Formulas disclosed herein include the following:
[00359]
Figure imgf000107_0001
Compound E22 Compound Ll
[00361] Tables 12 and 13 show a summary of selected compounds for CRC analysis.
Figure imgf000107_0002
Figure imgf000108_0001
Table 12
Figure imgf000108_0002
Figure imgf000109_0001
Table 13
Figure imgf000109_0002
Figure imgf000110_0003
Table 14
[00362] Additional compounds were tested, including the following:
[00363]
Figure imgf000110_0002
Compound Z3 Compound Z4 Compound Z5
[00365]
Figure imgf000110_0001
Compound Z27 [00366]
Figure imgf000111_0001
Compound Z 150 Compound Z 151 Compound Z153
[00367]
Figure imgf000111_0002
Compound Z91 Compound Z39 [00369]
Figure imgf000112_0001
Compound Z38 Compound Z40
[00370]
Figure imgf000112_0002
Compound Z41 Compound Z42
[00371]
Figure imgf000112_0003
Compound Z43 Compound Z44
Figure imgf000113_0001
Compound Z47 Compound Z48
Figure imgf000113_0002
Compound Z51 Compound Z52
Figure imgf000114_0001
Compound Z53
[00377] Compounds Z54, Z55 and Z56 were found to have particularly good activity:
Figure imgf000114_0002
Compound Z56 [00380] Table 15 shows screening results from another set of compounds.
Figure imgf000115_0001
Table 15
[00381] Compounds Z8-Z12, Z17 and Z19 were found to have particularly good activity. [00382]
Figure imgf000116_0001
Compound Z8 Compound Z9
[00383]
Figure imgf000116_0002
Compound Z 10 Compound Zl l
[00384]
Figure imgf000116_0003
Compound Z 12
[00385]
Figure imgf000116_0004
Compound Z 17 Compound Z19 [00386] Dog’s PMBC ELISA and cytotoxicity experiments were performed on Compound
Z92, which also showed good activity. Results are shown in FIGS. 19A and 19B.
[00387] Another useful compound is Compound Z95 :
Figure imgf000117_0001
Compound Z95
[00388] Results of testing done on compound Z95 are shown in Table 16.
Figure imgf000117_0002
Table 16
[00389] FIGS. 20A and 20B show further results of cytokines release by hPBMC and cytotox on Compound Z95.
[00390] Table 17 shows screening results from another set of compounds.
Figure imgf000117_0003
Figure imgf000118_0002
Table 17
[00391] Compounds Z33 and Z34 were found to have particularly good activity:
Figure imgf000118_0001
Compound Z33 Compound Z34 [00393] Other useful compounds are Compound D28 and Compound Fl :
[00394]
Figure imgf000119_0001
Compound D28 Compound Fl
[00395] Compound D28 was tested in a cytokine release experiment - parent compound, dog’s and human PMBC. Results are shown in FIGS. 21A-21D.
[00396] Compound Z17, previously mentioned above, was tested in a cytokine release experiment. Results are shown in FIGS. 22A and 22B.
[00397] Compound Z33, previously mentioned above, was tested in a cytokine release experiment. Results are shown in FIGS. 23A and 23B.
[00398] Another compound found to be useful is Compound E56:
[00399]
Figure imgf000119_0002
Compound E56
[00400] FIG. 24 shows the results of testing done on Compound E56.
[00401] Additional compounds found to be useful are Compounds Z96 and Z97 :
Figure imgf000119_0003
Compound Z96 Compound Z97 / [00402] Results of testing done on compounds Z96 and Z97 are shown in Tables 18 and 19, respectively.
Figure imgf000120_0002
Tab: e 18
Figure imgf000120_0003
Table 19
[00403] FIGS. 25A and 25B show further results of testing done on Compound Z96. FIGS.
26A and 26B show further results of testing done on Compound Z97.
[00404] Additional compounds found to be useful are Compounds Z93 and Z94:
[00405]
Figure imgf000120_0001
Compound Z93 Compound Z94 [00406] The results of dogs PBMC cytotox for Compounds Z93 and Z94 are included in FIG.
19B, which also shows results for the following Compounds: Z92, E54, E55 and E53.
[00407] Additional compounds tested included the following:
Figure imgf000121_0001
Compound 20 Compound 21
Figure imgf000121_0002
Compound 23 Compound 24
Figure imgf000121_0003
Compound 25 Compound 26 Compound 27 [00411]
Figure imgf000122_0001
Compound 28 Compound 29 Compound 30
[00412]
Figure imgf000122_0002
Compound 33 Compound 34 [00414]
Figure imgf000123_0001
Compound 35 Compound 36 Compound 37
[00415]
Figure imgf000123_0002
Compound 38 Compound 39
[00416]
Figure imgf000123_0003
Compound 40 Compound 41 Compound 42 [00417]
Figure imgf000124_0001
Compound 43 Compound 44 Compound 45
[00418]
Figure imgf000124_0002
Compound 47
[00419] Table 20 shows shows screening results from another set of compounds.
Figure imgf000124_0003
Figure imgf000125_0003
Table 20
[00420] After several rounds of testing, the following compounds were found to be particularly optimal.
[00421]
Figure imgf000125_0001
Compound D28 Compound D41
Activity/DMSO: 11/1.5 Activity/DMSO: 1.5
[00422]
Figure imgf000125_0002
Compound D84 Compound D53
Activity/DMSO: 1.5 Activity/DMSO: 1.6 [00423]
Figure imgf000126_0001
Compound D 18 Compound D27 Activity/DMSO: 1.4 Activity/DMSO : 2.1/ 1.5
[00424]
Figure imgf000126_0002
Compound D93 Compound D94 Activity/DMSO: 2.5 Activity/DMSO: 1.5
[00425]
Figure imgf000127_0001
Compound D89 Compound D99 Activity/DMSO: 1.8 Activity/DMSO: 1.5
[00426]
Figure imgf000127_0002
Compound D83 Compound D101 Activity/DMSO: 1.6 Activity/DMSO: 1.4
[00427] Table 21 shows results of testing on Compound D28.
Figure imgf000127_0003
Table 21
[00428] Tables 2 la and 2 lb show results of testing in various Compounds here:
Figure imgf000128_0001
Table 2 la
[00429]
Figure imgf000128_0002
Table 2 lb
[00430] FIGS. 27A and 27B show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection, respectively, for
Compound D28. Higher concentrations were excluded due to lower signal (tox effect). FIGS. 27C and 27D show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection at different concentrations for different compounds. 9 compounds were tested on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 mM, 4 replicates). FIGS. 27E and 27F show toxicity of Compound D28. 9 compounds were tested for cytotoxicity on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 pM, 4 replicates). Tox effect was found to cause lower signal compared to DMSO. Cytotoxicity normalized to DMSO is shown in FIG. 27F (0% cytotoxicity corresponds to DMSO signal, 100% - zero signal).
[00431] FIGS. 28A-D show the results of a cytokind release experiment for dog and human
PBMC. All compounds were tested at 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. [00432] Dog PBMC (1 x 106 cells/mL) were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) /without (0%) PMA + ionomycin activation.
[00433] In further embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
(IX):
Figure imgf000129_0001
wherein RA is C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile. For example, exemplary but non limiting compounds are shown below:
[00434]
Figure imgf000129_0002
Compound Z58 Compound Z59 Compound Z17 [00435]
Figure imgf000130_0001
Compound Z60 Compound Z61 Compound Z62
[00436]
Figure imgf000130_0002
Compound Z63 Compound Z19 Compound Z64
Figure imgf000130_0003
Compound Z65 Compound Z66 Compound Z67 [00437]
Figure imgf000131_0001
Compound Z68 Compound Z69 Compound Z70
[00438]
Figure imgf000131_0002
Compound Z71 Compound Z72 Compound Z73
[00439]
Figure imgf000131_0003
Compound Z74 Compound Z75 Compound Z76 [00440]
Figure imgf000132_0001
Compound Z77 Compound Z78 Compound Z79
[00441]
Figure imgf000132_0002
Compound Z80
[00442] In further embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
(X):
Figure imgf000132_0003
wherein RB is C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile. For example, exemplary but non limiting compounds are shown below:
[00443]
Figure imgf000133_0001
Compound Z28 Compound Z81 Compound Z29
[00444]
Figure imgf000133_0002
Compound Z82 Compound Z83 Compound Z30 [00445]
Figure imgf000134_0001
Compound Z31 Compound Z32 Compound Z84
[00446]
Figure imgf000134_0002
Compound Z85 Compound Z86 Compound Z87
[00447]
Figure imgf000134_0003
Compound Z88
[00448] In further embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
(XI):
Figure imgf000135_0001
wherein any of R -R are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile. For example, exemplary but non-limiting compounds are shown below:
[00449]
Figure imgf000135_0002
Compound Z89 Compound Z33 Compound Z90 [00450]
Figure imgf000136_0001
Compound Z34 Compound Z35 Compound Z36
[00451]
Figure imgf000136_0002
Compound Z37 Compound Z98 Compound Z99
[00452]
Figure imgf000136_0003
Compound Z 100 Compound Z 101 [00453] In various other embodiments, the structure of the Compounds found to be useful have other variations. For example, in certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula (XII):
[00454]
Figure imgf000137_0001
wherein any of Ri and Rg is C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, or a thiol. Exemplary but non-limiting compounds are shown below:
[00455]
Figure imgf000137_0002
Compound Z 102 Compound Z 103 Compound Z 104 [00456]
Figure imgf000138_0001
Compound Z 105 Compound Z106 Compound Z107
[00457]
Figure imgf000138_0002
Compound Z 108 Compound Z 109
[00458] FIGS. 29-32 show exemplary methods of formulating the compounds that have been discussed herein.
[00459] FIG. 31 A shows an exemplary synthesis of compounds including the following:
Compound Z17, Compound Z61, Compound Z19, Compound Z70, Compound Z71, Compound Z67, Compound Z76, Compound Z75, Compound Z78, Compound Z68, Compound Z27, Compound Z79, Compound Z64, Compound Z69, Compound Z74, Compound Z154, Compound Z80, Compound Z155, Compound Z156, Compound Z157, Compound Z158, Compound Z159.
[00460] Another compound developed herein, and found to have desirable activity, is
Compound E21 : [00461]
Figure imgf000139_0001
[00462] Table 22 shows results of testing on Compound E21.
Figure imgf000139_0002
Table 22
[00463] FIG. 33A and 33B show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection for Compound E21.
Higher concentrations were excluded due to lower signal (tox) effect.
[00464] FIGS. 34A and 34B show NR2F6 LBD transient transfection for Compound E21. 9 compounds were tested on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 mM, 4 replicates). FIGS. 34C and 34D show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection at different concentrations for different compounds. 9 compounds were tested on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 pM, 4 replicates). Tox effect was found to cause lower signal compared to DMSO. Cytotoxicity normalized to DMSO is shown in FIG. 34D (0% cytotoxicity corresponds to DMSO signal, 100% - zero signal). All compounds were tested at 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. Dog PBMC (1 x 106 cells/mL) were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) /without (0%) PMA + ionomycin activation.
[00465] As shown in FIG. 36, related compounds were generated from Compound E21 and tested for activity.
[00466] Additional related compounds found to have desirable activity include the following: [00467]
Figure imgf000140_0001
Compound E8 Compound E15 Activity/DMSO: 1.7 Activity/DMSO: 1.5
[00468]
Figure imgf000140_0002
Compound E4 Compound E10 Activity/DMSO: 1.5 Activity/DMSO: 1.4
[00469]
Figure imgf000140_0003
Compound E57 Compound E25 Activity/DMSO: 1.4 Activity/DMSO: 2.3/ 1.8
[00470]
Figure imgf000140_0004
Compound E26 Compound E58 Activity/DMSO: 1.8 Activity/DMSO: 1.7
Figure imgf000141_0001
Compound E52 Compound E41 Activity/DMSO: 1.4 Activity/DMSO: 1.4
Figure imgf000141_0002
Compound E24
Activity/DMSO: 1.4
[00473] Table 23 shows the screening results of certain of the above compounds.
Figure imgf000141_0004
Table 23
[00474] Additional compounds synthesized and found to have desirable activity include the following:
[00475]
Figure imgf000141_0003
Compound E59 Compound E60 [00476]
Figure imgf000142_0001
Compound E61 Compound E62
[00477]
Figure imgf000142_0002
Compound E63 Compound E64
[00478]
Figure imgf000142_0003
Compound E65 Compound E66
[00479]
Figure imgf000142_0004
Compound E67 Compound E68
[00480]
Figure imgf000142_0005
Compound E53 Compound E69 [00481] FIG. 37 shows exemplary methods of formulating the compounds that have been discussed herein; specifically, exemplary synthesis of compounds including the following: Compound Z160, Compound Z161, Compound Z162, Compound Z163.
[00482] As discussed above, Compound Fl was of particular interest herein:
Figure imgf000143_0001
Compound F 1
[00483] Table 24 shows results of testing on Compound F 1.
Figure imgf000143_0002
Table 24
[00484] FIGS 38A and 38B show NR2F6 and LBD transient transfection, respectively, for
Compound Fl.
[00485] FIGS. 39A and 39B show NR2F6 LBD transient transfection for Compound Fl . 9 compounds were tested on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 mM, 4 replicates). FIGS. 39C and 39D show toxicity of NR2F6 LBD transient transfection. 9 compounds were tested for cytotoxicity on LBD transfected cells (40, 10, 2 and 0.5 pM, 4 replicates). Tox effect causes lower signal compared to DMSO. Cytotoxicity normalized to DMSO is shown in FIG. 39D (0% cytotoxicity corresponds to DMSO signal, 100% - zero signal). [00486] FIGS. 40A-D show the results of cytokine release experiment for dogs and human
PBMC. All compounds were tested at 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates.
[00487] Dog PBMC (1 x 106 cells/mL) were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) /without (0%) PMA + ionomycin activation.
[00488] FIG. 41 shows the general SAR strategy for testing Compound Fl and compounds related to it in structure. Formally, the active molecule was divided into four domains (Domains A through D). Each domain was evaluated independently to establish SAR trends. Combinations of optimized domains evaluated additive or synergistic effect. 4 related analogs were available.
[00489] For example, compounds were tested with varying values of Domain A. Exemplary compounds found to be useful are listed as follows:
Figure imgf000144_0001
Compound F5 Compound F6 [00492] In certain embodiments, a compound herein has Formula (XIII):
(XIII)
2,3
ll available
Figure imgf000145_0001
wherein n is an integer 1, 2, or 3, and R is any other moiety mentioned in the present disclosure (e.g., C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile).
[00493] Similarly, compounds were tested with varying values of Domain C. Exemplary compounds found to be useful are listed as follows:
[00494]
Figure imgf000145_0002
Compound F7 Compound F8 Compound F9 [00495]
Figure imgf000146_0001
Compound F 10 Compound F 11
[00496]
Figure imgf000146_0002
Compound F13
[00497] In certain embodiments, a compound herein has Formula (XIV):
Figure imgf000146_0003
wherein X is C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol, a nitrile or any other moiety mentioned herein.
[00498] In other embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds comprising a boronate, and synthesis of such compounds. For example, FIG. 42 shows an exemplary synthesis of a boronate compound. In various embodiments, the synthesis achieved a yield of at least about 95%, at least about 90% and at least about 85%; with at least about 85% purity. In various embodiments, a regioisomer was present in the yield, in amounts of about 10 to about 20%, or about 12 to about 18%. In various embodiments, the regioisomers could be separated.
[00499] FIG. 42 shows the results of other exemplary syntheses of compounds comprising boronate, and the relative proportions of resultant compounds.
[00500] Another compound found to have good activity is Compound P 1 :
[00501]
Figure imgf000147_0001
Compound P 1
[00502] Table 25 shows results of testing on Compound P 1.
Figure imgf000147_0002
Table 25
[00503] FIGS. 44A and 44B show NRdF6 and LBD transient transfection of Compound P 1. [00504] FIGS. 45A-D show NR2F6 LBD transient transfection for 9 different compounds, including Compound P 1.
[00505] FIGS. 46A and 46B show the results of the cytokine release experiment with dogs
PBMC.
[00506] FIGS. 47A and 47B show NR2F6 agonist activity and NR2F6 agonist activity
(Renilla signal) for 7 compounds along with a DMSO control. The conclusion is that Compound Z92 shown similar slight activity (~3 times firefly signal over DMSO level) at 10 uM and 50 uM.
Compound E53 increases firefly activity in 6 times at 10 uM and appeared to show strong cytotox effect (great decreasing both renilla and firefly activity). Both Compounds Z92 and E53 will be tested on greater concentration range for confirmation on both cell line with double stable transfection (clone Fl-pGL4) and cell line with transient transfection.
[00507] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
(XV):
Figure imgf000148_0001
wherein R is C, H, N, O, S, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile. In certain embodiments, R is H or an alkyl group.
[00508] In certain embodiments, the present technology is directed to compounds of Formula
(XVI):
Figure imgf000148_0002
wherein any of Rl and R2 are C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile. In ertain embodiments, either or both of Rl and R2 are H, alkyl, phenyl, piperidine, or pyrrolidine.
[00509] Exemplary compounds include the following:
Figure imgf000149_0001
Compound Z13 Compound Z102 Compound Zl 11
[00510]
Figure imgf000149_0002
Compound Z112 Compound Z14 Compound Z 15
[00511]
Figure imgf000149_0003
Compound Z113 Compound Z114 Compound Z115 [00512]
Figure imgf000150_0001
Compound Z92 Compound Z 116 Compound Z 110
[00513] Table 26 shows activity results for two exemplary compounds, Compound Z95 and
Compound Z113.
Figure imgf000150_0003
Table 26
[00514] FIGS. 48-51 show embodiments of a synthetic methods of formulating a compound according to the present technology.
[00515] Further compounds found to have good activity include the following:
[00516]
Figure imgf000150_0002
Compound Z 117 Compound Z118 [00517]
Figure imgf000151_0001
Compound Z 119 Compound Z120
[00518]
Figure imgf000151_0002
Compound Z 121 Compound Z122
[00519]
Figure imgf000151_0003
Compound Z 123 Compound Z124
[00520]
Figure imgf000151_0004
Compound Z 125 Compound Z126 [00521] FIGS. 52-55 illustrate syntheses of various compounds discussed herein.
[00522] FIGS. 56A and 56B show HTS activity confirmation for various compounds.
Compound E53 shown similar slight activity (~3 times firefly signal over DMSO level) at 10 uM and 50 uM. 8010-3060 increase firefly activity in 6 times at 10 uM and It seems it shown strong cytotox effect (great decreasing both renilla and firefly activity). Both Compound Z92 and Compound E53 will be further tested on greater concentration range for confirmation on both cell line with double stable transfection (clone Fl-pGL4) and cell line with transient transfection.
[00523] Further compounds found to have good activity include the following:
[00524]
Figure imgf000152_0001
Compound Z127 Compound Z128 Compound Z129
[00525]
Figure imgf000152_0002
Compound Z 130 Compound Z131 Compound Z 132 [00526]
Figure imgf000153_0001
Compound Z 139 Compound Z140 Compound Z23 [00529]
Figure imgf000154_0001
Compound Z 141 Compound Z24 Compound Z 142
[00530]
Figure imgf000154_0002
Compound Z25 Compound Z97 Compound Z6
[00531]
Figure imgf000154_0003
Compound Z7 [00532]
Figure imgf000155_0001
Compound Z 143 Compound Z 144 Compound Z 145
[00533]
Figure imgf000155_0002
Compound Z 146 Compound Z147 Compound Z 148
[00534]
Figure imgf000155_0003
Compound Z 149 [00535] FIGS. 57 and 58 show syntheses of exemplary compositions found to be useful.
[00536] Table 27 shows the activity of various compounds discussed herein.
Figure imgf000156_0003
Table 27
[00537] Further compounds found to be useful include the following:
[00538]
Figure imgf000156_0001
Compound D104 Compound D134 Compound D135
[00539]
Figure imgf000156_0002
Compound D136 Compound D137
Figure imgf000157_0001
Compound D105 Compound D106 Compound D109
[00542]
Figure imgf000157_0002
Compound D107 Compound D108 [00543]
Figure imgf000158_0001
Compound D109 Compound D110
[00544]
Figure imgf000158_0002
Compound D 111 Compound D112
[00545]
Figure imgf000158_0003
Compound D113 Compound D114 [00546]
Figure imgf000159_0001
Compound D115 Compound D116
[00547]
Figure imgf000159_0002
Compound D117 Compound D 118
[00548]
Figure imgf000159_0003
Compound D119 Compound D120 [00549]
Figure imgf000160_0001
Compound D121 Compound D122
[00550]
Figure imgf000160_0002
Compound D123 Compound D125
[00551]
Figure imgf000160_0003
Compound D124 [00552]
Figure imgf000161_0001
Compound D126 Compound D127
[00553]
Figure imgf000161_0002
Compound D128 Compound D129
[00554]
Figure imgf000161_0003
Compound D130 Compound D132 [00555]
Figure imgf000162_0001
Compound D133
[00556] Tables 28A and 28B, 29-29C, and 30 show the results of testing of these compounds.
[00557] For Tables 28A and 28B,
Figure imgf000162_0003
Figure imgf000162_0002
Figure imgf000163_0001
Table 28A
Figure imgf000163_0002
Table 28B [00558] For Tables 29A and 29B,
Figure imgf000164_0001
Figure imgf000164_0002
Table 29A
Figure imgf000165_0001
Table 29B
[00559] For Table 29C, S/B > 4 and S/B > 2. S/B > 4 | S/B > 2
Figure imgf000166_0001
Table 29C [00560] Table 30 shows the results of further testing.
Figure imgf000167_0002
Table 30
For Table 30, S/B > 4 and S/B > 2.
Figure imgf000167_0004
[00561] Table 31 shows further results of testing.
[00562]
Figure imgf000167_0003
Table 31
[00563] For Table 31,
Figure imgf000167_0001
[00564] FIGS. 59A-D show results of testing of Compounds D104, Dl 18, D122 and D137.
Compounds were tested at 10% FBS.
[00565] Table 30 shows the results of further testing on firefly and renilla. For Table 30,
Figure imgf000168_0002
[00566] Compound D136 was further tested, and results are shown in FIGS. 60A-C. For cytokines release and cytotox on hPBMCs each compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates. Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) w/o cmpds.
[00567] FIGS. 60B and 60C show comparisons with other compounds, including Compounds
140, 141, 142 and 166.
[00568]
Figure imgf000168_0001
Compound D142 Compound Z166
[00569] FIGS. 61A-61E show further results of cytokine release by hPBMC for Compound
D136. Each compound was tested at 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 uM in duplicates.
[00570] Human PBMC were activated by 10 ng/mL PMA + 500 ng/mL ionomycin. Data were normalized to controls with (100%) w/o cmpds.
[00571] No ILlb release activation by hPBMC was observed at high release activation of others cytokines.
[00572] FIGS. 62A and 62B show stability in plasma (human plasma and rat plasma) and various pH solubility data for Compound D136.
[00573] Table 33 shows the pH test results for this compound.
Figure imgf000169_0001
Table 33
[00574] FIGS. 63A and 63B show stability in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), respectively, for Compound D136.
[00575] FIGS. 64A and 64B show microsomal stability in human liver microsomes and rat liver microsomes, respectively, for Compound D136.
[00576] Tables 34 and 35 show CYP and PPB data for Compound D136.
Figure imgf000169_0002
Figure imgf000170_0001
Table 34
[00577]
Figure imgf000170_0002
Table 35
[00578] FIGS. 65A and 65B show PK in rat plasma for Compound D136.
[00579] FIGS. 66A and 66B show PK in mice plasma for Compound D136.
[00580] Tables 36, 37 and 38 show related data.
[00581]
Figure imgf000170_0003
Table 36
Figure imgf000170_0004
Figure imgf000171_0001
[00582]
Figure imgf000171_0002
Table 38
[00583] Tables 39, 40 and 41 show related data.
Figure imgf000171_0003
Table 39
[00584]
Figure imgf000171_0004
Figure imgf000172_0001
Table 40
[00585]
Figure imgf000172_0002
[00586] A Caco-2 permeability assay was performed on Compound D136. Results are shown in table 42.
Figure imgf000172_0003
Table 42
[00587] Regarding Compound D136, the following were key characteristics:
[00588] 1. Activates full-length and ligand binding domain-only NR2F6 in cellular assays.
[00589] 2. Selectively inhibits IL-l, TNF-a, and IL-l7a in human PBMC.
[00590] 3. Stable in human and rat plasma with low PPB .
[00591] 4. Extremely stable in the presence of human, rat and mouse liver microsomes and no inhibition of 7 major isoforms of hCyt P450.
[00592] 5. PK in rat, mouse and dog completed - orally bioavailable (-33% absorbance).
[00593] 6. MTD and acute toxicity in mice completed - no toxicity was observed.
[00594] 7. Solubility and pH stability studies completed - soluble at pH2, pH4 and pH7.4, extremely stable at pH2 and pH7.
[00595] 8 Caco-2 permeability and asymmetry - highly permeable and not a substrate for P-gp (MDR1).
[00596] 9. Considered a Class II biopharmaceutical.
[00597] In certain embodiments, useful compounds herein have the general Formula (XVIII):
Figure imgf000173_0001
(XVIII) where R can be one or more of the following: C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
[00598] In certain embodiments, some compounds of Formula (XVIII) were found to be useful as NR2F6 inhibitors (antagonists). These include the following (Compounds Tl through T13):
[00599]
Figure imgf000174_0001
Compound Tl Compound T2
[00600]
Figure imgf000174_0002
Compound T3 Compound T4
[00601]
Figure imgf000174_0003
Compound T5 Compound T6
[00602]
Figure imgf000175_0001
Compound T7 Compound T8
[00603]
Figure imgf000175_0002
Compound T9 Compound T10
[00604]
Figure imgf000175_0003
Compound Tl l Compound T12
[00605]
Figure imgf000176_0001
Compound T13
[00606] Table 43 shows the results of testing on these compounds.
Figure imgf000176_0002
Figure imgf000177_0002
Table 43
[00607] In certain embodiments, the following compounds were found to be useful:
Figure imgf000177_0001
Compound E54 Compound E55
[00608]
Figure imgf000178_0001
Compound 46 Compound D102
[00609]
Figure imgf000178_0002
Compound D139
[00610]
Figure imgf000179_0001
Compound Z164 Compound Z165
[00611]
Figure imgf000179_0002
Compound Z167 Compound Z168
[00612]
Figure imgf000180_0001
Compound Z154 Compound Z155
[00614]
Figure imgf000181_0001
Compound Z 162 Compound Z 163 [00617]
Figure imgf000182_0001
Compound Z158 Compound Z159
[00618] The present technology is directed to a composition according to any of the compounds decscribed herein, substantially free of impurities. As used herein, the term“substantially free of impurities” means that the compound contains no significant amount of extraneous matter, including starting materials, residual solvents, or any other impurities that may result from the preparation or isolation of the compounds herein. In various embodiments, at least about 95%, at least about 97% or at least about 98% by weight of a compound herein is present in a dosage form herein.
[00619] Although the present technology has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, these embodiments and examples are merely exemplary and not intended to be limiting. Many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art. The present technology should, therefore, not be limited by the specific disclosure herein, and can be embodied in other forms not explicitly described here, without departing from the spirit thereof.

Claims

CLAIMS We claim:
1. A veterinary compound having a structure of any of the following, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
Figure imgf000183_0001
Compound D104 Compound D 134 Compound D 135
Figure imgf000183_0002
Compound D138 Compound D131
Figure imgf000184_0001
Compound D105 Compound D106 Compound D109
Figure imgf000184_0002
Compound D122 Compound D123 Compound D125
Figure imgf000184_0003
Compound D 118 Compound D132
2 A solid form of a compound of claim 1.
3. A veterinary pharmaceutical composition comprising the solid form of a compound of claim 1, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
4. A method of increasing activity of a cell in a non-human, comprising contacting a composition of claim 1 with the cell.
5. A method of reducing the size of a tumor in a non-human patient, comprising administering a compound of claim 1 to the tumor.
6. The method of claim 5, comprising the steps of:
(a) extracting an amount of the patient’s cellular material;
(b) isolating immune cells from the cellular material;
(c) activating the NR2F6 target in the isolated immune cells by binding them with a compound of claim 1 ; and
(d) re-administering the isolated immune cells to the patient’s body.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the cellular material is blood.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the re-administering step comprises injection of the immune cells into the patient’s body.
9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 3, in an oral dosage form.
10. A method of treating or reducing the effect of a reaction, disease or disorder, the method comprising activating the NR2F6 target in immune cells of a non-human by contacting them with a compound of claim 1
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the reaction, disease or disorder comprises an autoimmune response.
12. A method of treating a disorder in a non-human subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 or a composition thereof.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the non-human subject is a mammal.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the disorder is cancer.
15. A compound having a structure of any of the following, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
Figure imgf000186_0001
Figure imgf000187_0004
Figure imgf000187_0005
Figure imgf000187_0001
Figure imgf000187_0006
Figure imgf000187_0002
Figure imgf000187_0007
Figure imgf000187_0003
Figure imgf000187_0008
ı86
Figure imgf000188_0001
ı87
Figure imgf000189_0001
Figure imgf000190_0001
)
Figure imgf000191_0001
Figure imgf000192_0001
Figure imgf000193_0001
wherein in any of the above, R, RA, RB, R1-R8, X, Q, Ql, Q2, A is any of the following: C, H, N, O, S, a halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cyclic alkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an ester, an aldehyde, a ketone, a carboxylic acid, an amide, an amine, an ether, a thiol or a nitrile.
16. The compound of claim 15, wherein in any of the above, R, RA, RB, R1-R8, X, Q, Ql, Q2, A is any of the following: Me, OMe, Br, N, H, Cl, F or N02.
17. A solid form of a compound of claim 15.
18. A veterinary pharmaceutical composition comprising the solid form of a compound of claim
15, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
19. A method of increasing activity of a non-human cell, comprising contacting a composition of claim 15 with the cell.
20. A method of reducing the size of a tumor in a non-human subject, comprising administering a compound of claim 15 to the tumor.
21. A method of treating or reducing the effect of a reaction, disease or disorder in a non-human, the method comprising activating the NR2F6 target in immune cells by contacting them with a compound of claim 15.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the reaction, disease or disorder comprises an autoimmune response.
23. A method of treating a disorder comprising administering to a non-human subject an effective amount of a compound of claim 15 or a composition thereof.
PCT/US2018/062290 2017-11-21 2018-11-21 Small molecule agonists and antagonists of nr2f6 activity in non-humans Ceased WO2019104201A1 (en)

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