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WO2019184810A1 - 液晶显示面板、液晶显示装置及其灰阶控制方法 - Google Patents

液晶显示面板、液晶显示装置及其灰阶控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019184810A1
WO2019184810A1 PCT/CN2019/079221 CN2019079221W WO2019184810A1 WO 2019184810 A1 WO2019184810 A1 WO 2019184810A1 CN 2019079221 W CN2019079221 W CN 2019079221W WO 2019184810 A1 WO2019184810 A1 WO 2019184810A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal display
substrate
display panel
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/079221
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王海燕
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Application filed by BOE Technology Group Co Ltd filed Critical BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Priority to US16/608,413 priority Critical patent/US10969634B2/en
Publication of WO2019184810A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019184810A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/19—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-reflection or variable-refraction elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/13306—Circuit arrangements or driving methods for the control of single liquid crystal cells
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133514—Colour filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
    • G02F1/292—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection by controlled diffraction or phased-array beam steering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133502—Antiglare, refractive index matching layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13356—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements
    • G02F1/133562—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements on the viewer side
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13356—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements
    • G02F1/133565—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements inside the LC elements, i.e. between the cell substrates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
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    • G02F1/134318—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement having a patterned common electrode
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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    • G02F2203/06—Polarisation independent
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/30—Gray scale

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a liquid crystal display panel and a gray scale control method thereof for a liquid crystal display device.
  • the liquid crystal display of the related art includes a liquid crystal display panel, a backlight, and a polarizer attached to the light exiting side and the light incident side of the liquid crystal display panel.
  • the liquid crystal display panel includes a color filter substrate, an array substrate, and a color film substrate and the array substrate.
  • the liquid crystal layer because the transmittance of the color film substrate, the array substrate, and the polarizer cannot reach 100%, so the light energy emitted by the backlight is greatly lost, and finally the transmittance of the liquid crystal display can only reach about 5%, resulting in
  • the liquid crystal display has low transmittance, high energy consumption, low energy utilization, and the liquid crystal display is also provided with a grid-like black matrix, which not only absorbs light energy but also causes transparency of the liquid crystal display. The effect is that the liquid crystal display cannot be used for transparent display.
  • the present disclosure provides a liquid crystal display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the second substrate is located on a light exiting side of the liquid crystal layer, wherein
  • the liquid crystal display panel further includes:
  • first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode between the first substrate and the second substrate, respectively located at two sides of the liquid crystal layer, at least one of the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode And comprising a plurality of sub-electrodes arranged in parallel and extending in a straight line, wherein the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are used for causing liquid crystal molecules in a region corresponding to each of the sub-electrodes in the liquid crystal layer after a voltage is applied Deflection occurs to form a plurality of microprism structures;
  • the refractive index of the refractive layer being smaller than a refractive index of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal display panel further includes:
  • a black matrix is located between the first substrate and the second substrate, at an edge of the liquid crystal display panel, and surrounds the liquid crystal layer.
  • the cross section of the black matrix in a direction perpendicular to the first substrate is a trapezoidal cross section.
  • the two base angles of the trapezoidal section range from 45° to 80°.
  • the refractive index of the refractive layer is less than 1.2.
  • the liquid crystal display panel further includes:
  • a filter layer located on a side of the liquid crystal layer away from the first substrate for converting light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer and corresponding to each of the microprism structures into light of at least one color.
  • the filter layer uses a quantum dot material.
  • the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are configured to deflect liquid crystal molecules in a corresponding region of each of the sub-electrodes in the liquid crystal layer to form a plurality of triangular prism structures and/or after applying a voltage Or quadrilateral prism structure.
  • the filter layer is located on a side of the refractive layer away from the liquid crystal layer, and the second transparent electrode is located on a side of the refractive layer adjacent to the liquid crystal layer.
  • the first transparent electrode comprises a plurality of sub-electrodes arranged in parallel and extending in a straight line
  • the second transparent electrode is a planar electrode
  • the second transparent electrode comprises a plurality of sub-electrodes arranged in parallel and extending in a straight line
  • the first transparent electrode is a planar electrode
  • the black matrix overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-electrodes located on the edge region of the liquid crystal display panel on the first substrate.
  • the present disclosure also provides a liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal display panel as described above, further comprising a backlight located on a light incident side of the liquid crystal display panel, the backlight being used to emit collimated light or parallel light.
  • the present disclosure also provides a gray scale control method for a liquid crystal display device, which is applied to the liquid crystal display device as described above, the method comprising:
  • 1 to 2 are schematic structural views of a liquid crystal display in the related art
  • FIG. 3a is a schematic structural view of a liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 3b is a top plan view of the sub-electrode 33 in the liquid crystal display panel of Figure 3a;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a liquid crystal display in the related art.
  • the liquid crystal display of the related art includes a backlight 1 , a lower polarizer 2 , a first substrate 3 , a liquid crystal layer 4 , and a second substrate which are sequentially disposed.
  • the first substrate 3 includes a base substrate 31 and a passivation layer 32 on the base substrate 31, a pixel electrode 331, and an alignment layer 34
  • the second substrate 5 including the substrate substrate 54 and the substrate A color filter unit 531, a common electrode 521, and an alignment layer 51 on the substrate 54.
  • the light transmittance of the lower polarizer 2, the first substrate 3, the liquid crystal layer 4, the second substrate 5, and the upper polarizer 6 is limited, 100% of light transmission cannot be achieved, and therefore, the light emitted by the backlight 1 passes under After the polarizer 2, only 43% remained, only 22-26% remained after passing through the second substrate 3, only 6% remained after passing through the second substrate 5, and only 5-5.5% remained after passing the upper polarizer 6, and finally
  • the transmittance of the liquid crystal display can only reach about 5%, which causes the liquid crystal display to have low light transmittance, high energy consumption, and low energy utilization.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to the above problems, and provide a liquid crystal display panel, a display device, and a method of operating the same, which can improve the light transmittance of the liquid crystal display device.
  • liquid crystal display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate, the second substrate being located on a light emitting side of the liquid crystal layer
  • the liquid crystal display panel further includes:
  • the method includes a plurality of electrode units, and each of the electrode units includes a plurality of sub-electrodes disposed in parallel and extending in a straight line, and after applying a voltage to the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, the Liquid crystal molecules in a corresponding region of each of the electrode units in the liquid crystal layer are deflected to form a microprism structure;
  • the refractive index of the refractive layer being smaller than a refractive index of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal display panel when the liquid crystal display panel is in operation, the light emitted by the backlight enters the liquid crystal layer, and the microprism structure can control the propagation of the light, so that the light can exit the liquid crystal display panel or occur at the interface between the refractive layer and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the total reflection cannot be emitted to the liquid crystal display panel, thereby realizing gray scale display.
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure replaces the case where the thin film transistor in the liquid crystal display panel needs to form a gray scale by controlling the polarization state, thereby eliminating the setting of the polarizer. Improve the light extraction efficiency of the liquid crystal display device.
  • the refractive index of the refractive layer is preferably not more than 1.2, such that when the light propagates from the liquid crystal layer in a predetermined direction to the interface between the refractive layer and the liquid crystal layer, since the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is larger than the refractive index of the refractive layer, the optical density is formed to At the time of the light-diffusing interface, the light is totally reflected to the first substrate. Since the interface between the liquid crystal layer and the substrate near the first substrate is light-tight to the light-diffusing interface, the light is again totally reflected, so that the liquid crystal display panel cannot be emitted. To achieve a full black display.
  • the liquid crystal display panel further includes:
  • the black matrix may surround the liquid crystal layer, and the cross section of the black matrix in a direction perpendicular to the first substrate may be a trapezoidal cross section, specifically, the two bottom angles of the trapezoidal cross section are all in the range of 45°. -80°, at this time, the black matrix can also well support the cell thickness of the liquid crystal cell.
  • the black matrix is disposed only at the edge of the liquid crystal layer, instead of the black matrix in the region where the liquid crystal layer is located, thereby greatly improving the light extraction efficiency of the liquid crystal display panel and improving the light extraction efficiency of the liquid crystal display panel to 30%. Left and right, and transparency of more than 70%, suitable for transparent display.
  • the liquid crystal display panel further includes:
  • the filter layer located on the side of the liquid crystal layer facing away from the first substrate can convert light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer and corresponding to each of the microprism structures into light of at least one color.
  • the color display of the liquid crystal display panel can be realized by the filter layer.
  • the filter layer uses a quantum dot material.
  • the quantum dot material can emit monochromatic light after being exposed to light passing through the liquid crystal layer. Compared with the color filter unit in the related art, the quantum dot material can improve the utilization of light. After sampling the structure, The light output efficiency of the liquid crystal display panel can be increased to more than 30%.
  • the microprism structure may be a triangular prism structure and/or a quadrilateral prism structure.
  • the microprism structure can also be other types of prism structures as long as it can control the propagation of light.
  • a liquid crystal display panel of some embodiments of the present disclosure includes a first substrate including a substrate substrate 31 and a passivation layer 32 on the substrate substrate 31, and a passivation layer 32.
  • the layer 32 is provided with a first transparent electrode, the first transparent electrode comprises a plurality of spaced apart sub-electrodes 33, the first substrate further comprises an alignment layer 34 covering the sub-electrodes 33; the second substrate comprises a substrate substrate 54 and a substrate A filter layer on the substrate 54.
  • the filter layer is a quantum dot layer 56.
  • the quantum dot layer 56 can emit monochromatic light of different colors after being excited by light, and specifically emit red light, green light, and blue light.
  • the quantum dot layer 56 is provided with a refractive layer 55.
  • the refractive index of the refractive layer 55 is smaller than the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 4, specifically, may be less than 1.2;
  • the second transparent electrode is disposed on the refractive layer 55, and the second transparent electrode is planar.
  • the electrode 52, the second substrate further includes an alignment layer 51 covering the planar electrode 52, and a liquid crystal layer 4 is disposed between the alignment layer 34 and the alignment layer 51.
  • a black matrix 7 is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the black matrix 7 is located on the side of the liquid crystal layer 4 so as to surround the liquid crystal layer 4.
  • Figure 3b is a schematic illustration of sub-electrode 33 in some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the first transparent electrode includes a plurality of spaced apart sub-electrodes 33 extending in a straight line and parallel to each other. It should be noted that, in order to more clearly show the structure of the sub-electrode 33, the elements covered thereon are not shown in plan view.
  • the quantum dot layer 56 is located on a side of the refractive layer 55 away from the liquid crystal layer 4, and the planar electrode 52 is located near the refractive layer 55.
  • the quantum dot layer 56 is located on a side of the refractive layer 55 away from the liquid crystal layer 4, and the planar electrode 52 is located near the refractive layer 55.
  • the planar electrode 52 is located near the refractive layer 55.
  • One side of the liquid crystal layer 4 is described.
  • the second transparent electrode 52 may include a plurality of sub-electrodes arranged in parallel and extending in a straight line, and the first transparent electrodes may be planar electrodes.
  • the gray scale displayed on the liquid crystal display panel is 255, as shown in FIG. 4, no voltage is applied to the sub-electrode 33 and the planar electrode 52, and the light incident on the liquid crystal display panel of the backlight 8 is emitted to the quantum dot layer 56, and the quantum The dot layer 56 is capable of emitting monochromatic light of different colors after being excited by light, thereby realizing color display, and the liquid crystal display panel displays a gray scale of 255.
  • the liquid crystal display panel is not subjected to gray scale display, that is, when the gray scale is 0, as shown in FIG. 5, a suitable voltage is applied to the sub-electrode 33 and the planar electrode 52 to form a liquid crystal prism, and the backlight is incident on the liquid crystal display.
  • the light of the panel is deflected to the second substrate. Since the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 4 is greater than the refractive index of the refractive layer 55, the light is formed to the light-diffusing interface, and then the light is totally reflected to the first substrate due to the first substrate.
  • the nearby liquid crystal layer and the first substrate are light-tight to the light-diffusing interface (at this time, the liquid crystal is horizontally oriented), and the light is again totally reflected, so that it is circulated until it is incident on the edge of the liquid crystal display panel, and is absorbed by the black matrix 7 at this time.
  • the liquid crystal display panel is emitted.
  • the middle gray scale by adjusting the voltage applied to the sub-electrode 33 and the planar electrode 52, the liquid crystal molecules of the respective regions are deflected to different degrees to control the energy of the emitted light to form gray scale control.
  • the black matrix 7 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the sub-electrodes located on the edge region of the liquid crystal display panel on the substrate substrate 31.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a liquid crystal display device, including the liquid crystal display panel as described above, further comprising a backlight located on a light incident side of the liquid crystal display panel, wherein the light emitted by the backlight is collimated light Or parallel light.
  • the display device may be any product or component having a display function, such as a liquid crystal television, a liquid crystal display, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, etc., wherein the display device further includes a flexible circuit board, a printed circuit board, and a backboard.
  • the liquid crystal display panel when the liquid crystal display panel is in operation, the light emitted by the backlight enters the liquid crystal layer, and the microprism structure can control the propagation of the light, so that the light can be emitted to the liquid crystal display panel or totally reflected at the interface between the refractive layer and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal display panel cannot be emitted, thereby realizing gray scale display.
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure replaces the case where the thin film transistor in the liquid crystal display panel needs to form a gray scale by controlling the polarization state, so that the setting of the polarizer can be omitted, thereby improving the liquid crystal.
  • the light output efficiency of the display device when the liquid crystal display panel is in operation, the light emitted by the backlight enters the liquid crystal layer, and the microprism structure can control the propagation of the light, so that the light can be emitted to the liquid crystal display panel or totally reflected at the interface between the refractive layer and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal display panel
  • the black matrix is not disposed in the corresponding area of the liquid crystal layer, which can greatly improve the light-emitting efficiency of the liquid crystal display panel, and improve the light-emitting efficiency of the liquid crystal display panel to more than 30%, and the transparency is more than 70%, which is suitable for transparent display.
  • Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a gray scale control method for a liquid crystal display device, which is applied to the liquid crystal display device as described above, the method comprising:
  • the liquid crystal display panel when the liquid crystal display panel is in operation, the light emitted by the backlight enters the liquid crystal layer, and the microprism structure can control the propagation of the light, so that the light can exit the liquid crystal display panel or occur at the interface between the refractive layer and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the total reflection cannot be emitted to the liquid crystal display panel, thereby realizing gray scale display.
  • the technical solution of the present disclosure replaces the case where the thin film transistor in the liquid crystal display panel needs to form a gray scale by controlling the polarization state, thereby eliminating the setting of the polarizer. Improve the light extraction efficiency of the liquid crystal display device.
  • a liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate including a base substrate 31 and a passivation layer 32 on the base substrate 31, blunt
  • the first transparent electrode includes a plurality of spaced apart sub-electrodes 33, the first substrate further includes an alignment layer 34 covering the sub-electrodes 33;
  • the second substrate includes a substrate substrate 54 and is located on the lining
  • the quantum dot layer 56 on the base substrate 54 can emit monochromatic light of different colors after being excited by light, and specifically emit red light, green light, and blue light.
  • the quantum dot layer 56 is provided with a refractive layer 55.
  • the refractive index of the refractive layer 55 is smaller than the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 4, specifically, may be less than 1.2; the second transparent electrode is disposed on the refractive layer 55, and the second transparent electrode is planar.
  • the electrode 52, the second substrate further includes an alignment layer 51 covering the planar electrode 52, and a liquid crystal layer 4 is disposed between the alignment layer 34 and the alignment layer 51.
  • a black matrix 7 is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the black matrix 7 is located on the side of the liquid crystal layer 4 so as to surround the liquid crystal layer 4.
  • the gray scale displayed on the liquid crystal display panel is 255, as shown in FIG. 4, no voltage is applied to the sub-electrode 33 and the planar electrode 52, and light incident on the liquid crystal display panel by the backlight is emitted to the quantum dot layer 56, and the quantum dot is The layer 56 is capable of emitting monochromatic light of different colors after being excited by light, thereby realizing color display, and the liquid crystal display panel displays a gray scale of 255.
  • the liquid crystal display panel is not subjected to gray scale display, that is, when the gray scale is 0, as shown in FIG. 5, a suitable voltage is applied to the sub-electrode 33 and the planar electrode 52 to form a liquid crystal prism, and the backlight is incident on the liquid crystal display.
  • the light of the panel is deflected to the second substrate. Since the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer 4 is greater than the refractive index of the refractive layer 55, the light is formed to the light-diffusing interface, and then the light is totally reflected to the first substrate due to the first substrate.
  • the nearby liquid crystal layer and the first substrate are light-tight to the light-diffusing interface (at this time, the liquid crystal is horizontally oriented), and the light is again totally reflected, so that it is circulated until it is incident on the edge of the liquid crystal display panel, and is absorbed by the black matrix 7 at this time.
  • the liquid crystal display panel is emitted.
  • the middle gray scale by adjusting the voltage applied to the sub-electrode 33 and the planar electrode 52, the liquid crystal molecules of the respective regions are deflected to different degrees to control the energy of the emitted light to form gray scale control.

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Abstract

一种液晶显示面板、显示装置及其灰阶控制方法。液晶显示面板，包括第一基板、第二基板和位于第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶层（4），第二基板位于液晶层（4）的出光侧，其中，液晶显示面板还包括：位于第一基板和第二基板之间，且分别位于液晶层（4）两侧的第一透明电极和第二透明电极，第一透明电极和第二透明电极中的至少一者包括多个平行设置且沿直线延伸的子电极（33），第一透明电极和第二透明电极用于在施加电压后使得液晶层（4）中与各子电极（33）对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成多个微棱镜结构；位于液晶层（4）与第二基板之间的折射层（55），折射层（55）的折射率小于液晶层（4）的折射率。

Description

液晶显示面板、液晶显示装置及其灰阶控制方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2018年3月28日在中国提交的中国专利申请号No.201810264445.9的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，特别是指一种液晶显示面板、液晶显示装置其灰阶控制方法。
背景技术
相关技术中的液晶显示器包括液晶显示面板、背光源和贴附在液晶显示面板出光侧和入光侧的偏光片，液晶显示面板包括彩膜基板、阵列基板和位于彩膜基板与阵列基板之间的液晶层，由于彩膜基板、阵列基板、偏光片的透过率不能达到100％，因此会使得背光源出射的光能大大损失，最终液晶显示器的透光率仅能达到5％左右，造成液晶显示器的透光率低，耗能高，能量利用率低等问题，并且液晶显示器上还设置有网格状的黑矩阵，黑矩阵不仅会对光能进行吸收还会对液晶显示器的透明度造成影响，使得液晶显示器不能用于透明显示。
发明内容
本公开提供一种液晶显示面板，包括第一基板、第二基板和位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶层，所述第二基板位于所述液晶层的出光侧，其中，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间，且分别位于所述液晶层两侧的第一透明电极和第二透明电极，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极中的至少一者包括多个平行设置且沿直线延伸的子电极，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极用于在施加电压后使得所述液晶层中与各所述子电极对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成多个微棱镜结构；
位于所述液晶层与所述第二基板之间的折射层，所述折射层的折射率小于所述液晶层的折射率。
可选的，所述的液晶显示面板还包括：
黑矩阵，位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间、位于所述液晶显示面板的边缘，且围绕所述液晶层。
可选的，所述黑矩阵在垂直于所述第一基板的方向上的截面为梯形截面。
可选的，所述梯形截面的两个底角的范围均为45°-80°。
可选的，所述折射层的折射率小于1.2。
可选的，所述的液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述液晶层远离所述第一基板一侧的滤光层，用于将透过所述液晶层的、且与各所述微棱镜结构对应区域的光转换为至少一种颜色的光。
可选的，所述滤光层采用量子点材料。
可选的，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极用于在施加电压后使得所述液晶层中与各所述子电极对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成多个三角形棱镜结构和/或四边形棱镜结构。
可选的，所述滤光层位于所述折射层远离所述液晶层的一侧，所述第二透明电极位于所述折射层靠近所述液晶层的一侧。
可选的，所述第一透明电极包括多个平行设置且沿直线延伸的子电极，所述第二透明电极为面状电极。
可选的，所述第二透明电极包括多个平行设置且沿直线延伸的子电极，所述第一透明电极为面状电极。
可选的，所述黑矩阵与位于所述液晶显示面板边缘区域的子电极在所述第一基板上的正投影存在交叠。
本公开还提供一种液晶显示装置，包括如上所述的液晶显示面板，还包括位于所述液晶显示面板的入光侧的背光源，所述背光源用于发出准直光或平行光。
本公开还提供一种液晶显示装置的灰阶控制方法，应用于如上所述的液晶显示装置，所述方法包括：
在显示时根据图像数据对所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极施加电 压，使所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各子电极上的电压的大小控制所述微棱镜结构，以控制所述背光源的光经所述微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的分布比例。
附图说明
图1-图2为相关技术中的液晶显示器的结构示意图；
图3a为本公开实施例的液晶显示面板的结构示意图；
图3b为图3a中的液晶显示面板中的子电极33的俯视图；
图4为本公开实施例的液晶显示面板的结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例的液晶显示面板的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的实施例要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。
如图1和图2所示为相关技术中的液晶显示器的结构示意图，相关技术中的液晶显示器包括依次设置的背光源1、下偏光片2、第一基板3、液晶层4、第二基板5和上偏光片6，第一基板3包括衬底基板31和位于衬底基板31上的钝化层32、像素电极331以及取向层34，第二基板5包括衬底基板54和位于衬底基板54上的彩色滤光单元531、公共电极521和取向层51。其中，由于下偏光片2、第一基板3、液晶层4、第二基板5和上偏光片6的透光率有限，不能达到100％透光，因此，背光源1发出的光线在经过下偏光片2后仅剩43％，在经过第二基板3后仅剩22-26％，在经过第二基板5后仅剩6％，在经过上偏光片6后仅剩5-5.5％，最终液晶显示器的透光率仅能达到5％左右，造成液晶显示器的透光率低，耗能高，能量利用率低等问题。
本公开的实施例针对上述问题，提供一种液晶显示面板、显示装置及其工作方法，能够提高液晶显示装置的透光率。
本公开一些实施例提供一种液晶显示面板，包括第一基板、第二基板和位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶层，所述第二基板位于所述液晶层 的出光侧，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间，且分别位于所述液晶层两侧的第一透明电极和第二透明电极，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极中的至少一者包括多个电极单元，且各所述电极单元包括多个平行设置且延伸方向为直线的子电极，在向所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极施加电压后，能够使得所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构；
位于所述液晶层与所述第二基板之间的折射层，所述折射层的折射率小于所述液晶层的折射率。
本公开一些实施例中，在液晶显示面板工作时，背光源发出的光线进入液晶层，通过微棱镜结构可以控制光线的传播，使得光线可以出射液晶显示面板或者在折射层与液晶层的界面发生全反射不能出射液晶显示面板，从而实现灰阶显示，本公开的技术方案替代了以往液晶显示面板中薄膜晶体管需要通过控制偏振光状态形成灰阶的情况，因此可以省去偏光片的设置，从而提高液晶显示装置的出光效率。
其中，折射层的折射率优选不大于1.2，这样在光线从液晶层沿预设方向传播至折射层与液晶层的界面时，由于液晶层的折射率大于折射层的折射率，形成光密到光疏的界面，则此时光线被全反射至第一基板，由于第一基板附近液晶层与基板的界面为光密到光疏界面，光线再次被全反射，如此循环，不能出射液晶显示面板，从而实现全黑显示。
可选的，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间、设置在所述液晶层至少相对两侧的黑矩阵，黑矩阵可以吸收传播到液晶层两侧的光线。具体地，黑矩阵可以包围液晶层，所述黑矩阵在垂直于所述第一基板的方向上的截面可以为梯形截面，具体地，所述梯形截面的两个底角的范围均为45°-80°，这时，黑矩阵还可以很好地支撑液晶盒的盒厚。本实施例中，仅在液晶层的边缘处设置黑矩阵，而不是在液晶层所在区域设置黑矩阵，因此，可以大大提升液晶显示面板的出光效率，使液晶显示面板的出光效率提升至30％左右，并且透明度达到70％以上，适用于透明显示。
可选的，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
位于所述液晶层背向所述第一基板一侧的滤光层，能够将透过所述液晶层的、且与各所述微棱镜结构对应区域的光转换为至少一种颜色的光。通过滤光层能够实现液晶显示面板的彩色显示。
可选的，所述滤光层采用量子点材料。量子点材料在受到透过所述液晶层的光照后，能够发出单色光，相比相关技术中的彩色滤光单元，量子点材料的设计能够提高光线的利用率，在采样该结构后，液晶显示面板的出光效率可以提升到30％以上。
可选的，所述微棱镜结构可以为三角形棱镜结构和/或四边形棱镜结构。当然，微棱镜结构还可以为其他类型的棱镜结构，只要能够控制光线的传播即可。
下面结合附图以及具体的实施例对本公开的液晶显示面板进行说明。
如图3a-图5所示，本公开一些实施例的液晶显示面板包括第一基板和第二基板，第一基板包括衬底基板31和位于衬底基板31上的钝化层32，钝化层32上设置有第一透明电极，第一透明电极包括多个间隔设置的子电极33，第一基板还包括覆盖子电极33的取向层34；第二基板包括衬底基板54和位于衬底基板54上的滤光层。可选地，所述滤光层为量子点层56，量子点层56在受到光线激发后能够发出不同颜色的单色光，具体可以发出红光、绿光和蓝光。量子点层56上设置有折射层55，折射层55的折射率小于液晶层4的折射率，具体地，可以小于1.2；折射层55上设置有第二透明电极，第二透明电极为面状电极52，第二基板还包括覆盖面状电极52的取向层51，取向层34和取向层51之间设置有液晶层4。在第一基板和第二基板之间设置有黑矩阵7，黑矩阵7位于液晶层4的侧面，可以包围液晶层4。
图3b为本公开一些实施例中的子电极33的示意图。如图3b所示，第一透明电极包括多个间隔设置的子电极33延直线延伸且彼此平行。需要说明的是，为了更清楚示出子电极33的结构，其上覆盖的元件在俯视图中未显示。
本公开的一些实施例中，如图4所示，所述量子点层56位于所述折射层55远离所述液晶层4的一侧，所述面状电极52位于所述折射层55靠近所述液晶层4的一侧。
可选的，第二透明电极52可以包括多个平行设置且沿直线延伸的子电极，所述第一透明电极可以面状电极。
在液晶显示面板显示的灰阶为255时，如图4所示，在子电极33和面状电极52上不施加电压，背光源8入射液晶显示面板的光线出射到量子点层56上，量子点层56在受到光线激发后能够发出不同颜色的单色光，从而实现彩色显示，此时液晶显示面板显示的灰阶为255。在液晶显示面板不进行灰阶显示时，即灰阶为0时，如图5所示，在子电极33和面状电极52上施加合适的电压，形成液晶棱镜，这时背光源入射液晶显示面板的光线被偏折到第二基板，由于液晶层4的折射率大于折射层55的折射率，形成光密到光疏界面，则此时光线被全反射至第一基板，由于第一基板附近液晶层与第一基板为光密到光疏界面(此时位置液晶为水平取向)，光线再次被全反射，如此循环，直至入射到液晶显示面板边缘被黑矩阵7吸收，此时没有光线出射液晶显示面板。在中间灰阶时，通过调节子电极33和面状电极52上施加的电压，使各个区域的液晶分子不同程度的偏折光线，来控制出射光线的能量，形成灰阶控制。
本公开的一些实施例中，如图4、5所示，黑矩阵7与位于所述液晶显示面板边缘区域的子电极在衬底基板31上的正投影存在交叠。
本公开一些实施例还提供了一种液晶显示装置，包括如上所述的液晶显示面板，还包括位于所述液晶显示面板的入光侧的背光源，所述背光源发出的光为准直光或平行光。所述显示装置可以为：液晶电视、液晶显示器、数码相框、手机、平板电脑等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件，其中，所述显示装置还包括柔性电路板、印刷电路板和背板。
本实施例中，在液晶显示面板工作时，背光源发出的光线进入液晶层，通过微棱镜结构可以控制光线的传播，使得光线可以出射液晶显示面板或者在折射层与液晶层的界面发生全反射不能出射液晶显示面板，从而实现灰阶显示，本公开的技术方案替代了以往液晶显示面板中薄膜晶体管需要通过控制偏振光状态形成灰阶的情况，因此可以省去偏光片的设置，从而提高液晶显示装置的出光效率。
并且液晶层对应区域不设置黑矩阵，可以大大提升液晶显示面板的出光 效率，使液晶显示面板的出光效率提升至30％以上，并且透明度达到70％以上，适用于透明显示。
本公开一些实施例还提供了一种液晶显示装置的灰阶控制方法，应用于如上所述的液晶显示装置，所述方法包括：
在显示时根据图像数据对所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极施加电压，使所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各所述电极单元中各所述子电极上的电压的大小控制所述微棱镜结构，以控制所述背光源的光经所述微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的分布比例。
本公开一些实施例中，在液晶显示面板工作时，背光源发出的光线进入液晶层，通过微棱镜结构可以控制光线的传播，使得光线可以出射液晶显示面板或者在折射层与液晶层的界面发生全反射不能出射液晶显示面板，从而实现灰阶显示，本公开的技术方案替代了以往液晶显示面板中薄膜晶体管需要通过控制偏振光状态形成灰阶的情况，因此可以省去偏光片的设置，从而提高液晶显示装置的出光效率。
如图3a-图5所示，本公开一些实施例中，液晶显示面板包括第一基板和第二基板，第一基板包括衬底基板31和位于衬底基板31上的钝化层32，钝化层32上设置有第一透明电极，第一透明电极包括多个间隔设置的子电极33，第一基板还包括覆盖子电极33的取向层34；第二基板包括衬底基板54和位于衬底基板54上的量子点层56，量子点层56在受到光线激发后能够发出不同颜色的单色光，具体可以发出红光、绿光和蓝光。量子点层56上设置有折射层55，折射层55的折射率小于液晶层4的折射率，具体地，可以小于1.2；折射层55上设置有第二透明电极，第二透明电极为面状电极52，第二基板还包括覆盖面状电极52的取向层51，取向层34和取向层51之间设置有液晶层4。在第一基板和第二基板之间设置有黑矩阵7，黑矩阵7位于液晶层4的侧面，可以包围液晶层4。
在液晶显示面板显示的灰阶为255时，如图4所示，在子电极33和面状电极52上不施加电压，背光源入射液晶显示面板的光线出射到量子点层56上，量子点层56在受到光线激发后能够发出不同颜色的单色光，从而实现彩 色显示，此时液晶显示面板显示的灰阶为255。在液晶显示面板不进行灰阶显示时，即灰阶为0时，如图5所示，在子电极33和面状电极52上施加合适的电压，形成液晶棱镜，这时背光源入射液晶显示面板的光线被偏折到第二基板，由于液晶层4的折射率大于折射层55的折射率，形成光密到光疏界面，则此时光线被全反射至第一基板，由于第一基板附近液晶层与第一基板为光密到光疏界面(此时位置液晶为水平取向)，光线再次被全反射，如此循环，直至入射到液晶显示面板边缘被黑矩阵7吸收，此时没有光线出射液晶显示面板。在中间灰阶时，通过调节子电极33和面状电极52上施加的电压，使各个区域的液晶分子不同程度的偏折光线，来控制出射光线的能量，形成灰阶控制。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
可以理解，当诸如层、膜、区域或基板之类的元件被称作位于另一元件“上”或“下”时，该元件可以“直接”位于另一元件“上”或“下”，或者可以存在中间元件。
以上所述是本公开的一些实施例，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种液晶显示面板，包括第一基板、第二基板和位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间的液晶层，所述第二基板位于所述液晶层的出光侧，其中，所述液晶显示面板还包括：
    位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间，且分别位于所述液晶层两侧的第一透明电极和第二透明电极，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极中的至少一者包括多个平行设置且沿直线延伸的子电极，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极用于在施加电压后使得所述液晶层中与各所述子电极对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成多个微棱镜结构；
    位于所述液晶层与所述第二基板之间的折射层，所述折射层的折射率小于所述液晶层的折射率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，还包括：
    黑矩阵，位于所述第一基板和第二基板之间、位于所述液晶显示面板的边缘，且围绕所述液晶层。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述黑矩阵在垂直于所述第一基板的方向上的截面为梯形截面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述梯形截面的两个底角的范围均为45°-80°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述折射层的折射率小于1.2。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，还包括：
    位于所述液晶层远离所述第一基板一侧的滤光层，用于将透过所述液晶层的、且与各所述微棱镜结构对应区域的光转换为至少一种颜色的光。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述滤光层采用量子点材料。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极用于在施加电压后使得所述液晶层中与各所述子电极对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成多个三角形棱镜结构和/或四边形棱镜结构。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述滤光层位于所述折射层远离所述液晶层的一侧，所述第二透明电极位于所述折射层靠近所述液晶层的一侧。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述第一透明电极包括多个平行设置且沿直线延伸的子电极，所述第二透明电极为面状电极。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述第二透明电极包括多个平行设置且沿直线延伸的子电极，所述第一透明电极为面状电极。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的液晶显示面板，其中，所述黑矩阵与位于所述液晶显示面板边缘区域的子电极在所述第一基板上的正投影存在交叠。
  13. 一种液晶显示装置，包括如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的液晶显示面板，还包括位于所述液晶显示面板的入光侧的背光源，所述背光源用于发出准直光或平行光。
  14. 一种液晶显示装置的灰阶控制方法，应用于如权利要求13所述的液晶显示装置，所述方法包括：
    在显示时根据图像数据对所述第一透明电极和所述第二透明电极施加电压，使所述液晶层中与各所述电极单元对应区域的液晶分子发生偏转形成微棱镜结构，并通过控制各子电极上的电压的大小控制所述微棱镜结构，以控制所述背光源的光经所述微棱镜结构折射后出射光线在预设视角范围内的分布比例。
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