WO2019168001A1 - 合わせガラス用中間膜、及び合わせガラス - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜、及び合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019168001A1 WO2019168001A1 PCT/JP2019/007473 JP2019007473W WO2019168001A1 WO 2019168001 A1 WO2019168001 A1 WO 2019168001A1 JP 2019007473 W JP2019007473 W JP 2019007473W WO 2019168001 A1 WO2019168001 A1 WO 2019168001A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- laminated glass
- interlayer film
- group
- transmittance
- glass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass provided with an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- a laminated glass in which an intermediate film is interposed between two glass plates and integrated is widely known.
- the interlayer film is often formed from a plasticized polyvinyl acetal in which a plasticizer is blended with a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- Laminated glass is widely used as a window glass for vehicles such as automobiles, aircrafts, buildings, etc., because it is safe because it does not scatter glass fragments even if it is damaged by an external impact.
- laminated glass is used as a window glass, it is generally used in an environment where sunlight is irradiated. Since sunlight contains ultraviolet rays, it is conventionally known to add an ultraviolet absorber to the interlayer film for laminated glass in order to prevent the ultraviolet rays from being irradiated inside the vehicle and the building.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an oxanilide type compound is used as an ultraviolet absorber for a polyvinyl acetal resin, and this compound absorbs UV-B, that is, ultraviolet rays of about 280 to 325 nm with a high absorption rate. It has been shown.
- ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of around 400 nm are known to give a burden to human eyes and skin, and laminated glass is required to absorb ultraviolet rays around 400 nm with a high absorption rate. It is being Therefore, for example, as shown in Patent Document 2, it is known to add an indole-based ultraviolet absorber having a specific structure and a benzotriazole compound having a specific structure to an interlayer film for laminated glass. Patent Document 2 shows that the absorption rate at 400 nm is increased by using these two kinds of ultraviolet absorbers.
- JP 2012-46748 A International Publication No. 2012/023616
- an object of the present invention is to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that maintains an ultraviolet absorption performance near 400 nm well over a long period of time.
- the present inventors have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using a benzotriazole compound having a specific maximum absorption wavelength peak and by giving a predetermined transmittance characteristic to the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the following present invention was completed. That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [11].
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention contains a benzotriazole compound having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 370 nm or more and 405 nm or less.
- a benzotriazole-based compound by including such a benzotriazole-based compound, it is possible to adjust the transmittance difference described later within a predetermined range while improving the ultraviolet absorption performance in the vicinity of 400 nm of the interlayer film for laminated glass. Become.
- the benzotriazole-based compound has a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 370 nm or more and 405 nm or less, but if the maximum absorption wavelength peak is lower than 370 nm or higher than 405 nm, it is difficult to improve the ultraviolet absorption performance near 400 nm. Or the laminated glass interlayer film is colored.
- the maximum absorption wavelength peak is preferably 373 nm or more, more preferably 375 nm or more. Moreover, it is preferably 400 nm or less, more preferably 395 nm or less.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of various benzotriazole compounds and ultraviolet absorbers can be measured by the following method. 0.0002 to 0.002 parts by mass of the compound to be measured is mixed with 100 parts by mass of chloroform to obtain a chloroform solution. The obtained chloroform solution is put into a quartz cell for a spectrophotometer having an optical path length of 1.0 cm. Using a self-recording spectrophotometer (“U4100” manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.), the transmittance is measured at 300 to 2500 nm to determine the maximum absorption wavelength. The maximum absorption wavelength is a wavelength at which the transmittance shows a minimum value, and there may be a plurality of such cases. In this case, the maximum absorption wavelength indicates a wavelength at which the minimum value is minimum.
- benzotriazole-based compound examples include compounds represented by the following formula (1).
- R 10 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a hetero atom
- R 11 to R 15 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group ( —OH), a sulfo group (—SO 3 H), or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a hetero atom.
- At least one of R 11 to R 15 is a hydroxyl group.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a hetero atom in R 10 includes an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, an arylalkyl group, a heteroarylalkyl group, an alkenyl group, and an alkynyl group. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms which may have a hetero atom in R 11 to R 15 include an alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, a heteroarylalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a cycloheteroalkyl group, an alkenyl group. Group and aryl group.
- hetero atom a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a halogen atom are mentioned.
- alkyl group examples include alkyl groups having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, which may have a straight chain structure or a branched structure.
- the cycloalkyl group has 1 to 25 carbon atoms and may be composed of a cyclic alkyl group alone, or may be a combination of a cyclic alkyl group and at least one of branched and straight chain alkyl groups.
- a cycloheteroalkyl group is one in which at least one of the carbon atoms constituting the ring in the cycloalkyl group is substituted with a heteroatom.
- alkyl group or cycloalkyl group part of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a halogen group or the like.
- the alkenyl group and alkynyl group may have a linear structure or a branched structure.
- aryl group an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms having a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or other polycyclic aromatic ring can be mentioned.
- the heteroaryl group is monocyclic or polycyclic such as bicyclic and tricyclic, and the total number of atoms constituting the ring is 5 to 30.
- examples of the heteroaryl group include those in which at least one carbon atom in the basic skeleton of the ring of the aryl group is substituted with a heteroatom.
- the hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring may be substituted with an alkyl group, a halogen group or the like.
- An arylalkyl group is a group having an aryl-alkyl structure bonded through an alkyl group, and is also referred to as an aralkyl group.
- the alkyl group and aryl group in the arylalkyl group are as described above.
- a heteroarylalkyl group is a group having a heteroaryl-alkyl structure bonded through an alkyl group. The alkyl group and heteroaryl group in the heteroarylalkyl group are as described above.
- At least R 11 is preferably a hydroxyl group, and specifically, a compound represented by the following formula (2) is preferable.
- R 10 , R 12 and R 14 are the same as described above.
- R 10 is an alkyl group
- R 12 and R 14 are each independently selected from an arylalkyl group (that is, an aralkyl group) or an alkyl group.
- R 10 is more preferably an alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 12 and R 14 are more preferably independently a phenylalkyl group or an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group of R 12 and R 14 preferably has 5 to 15 carbon atoms.
- the phenylalkyl group preferably has 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alkyl group for R 10 , R 12 , and R 14 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-propyl group, an isobutyl group, an n-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, An n-octyl group, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl and the like can be mentioned.
- examples of the phenylalkyl group include a benzyl group, a phenylethyl group, a phenylpropyl group, and a phenylbutyl group.
- the phenylpropyl group includes those in which the propyl moiety has a branched structure, such as a 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl group, and the bonding position of the phenyl group may be any.
- R 12 is an aralkyl group and R 14 is an alkyl group.
- benzotriazole compounds include 6-butyl-2- [2-hydroxy-3- (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) -5- (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl).
- Examples of commercially available products include TINUVIN CarboProtect (trade name, manufactured by BASF).
- the content of the benzotriazole compound in the interlayer film for laminated glass is preferably 0.005 to 0.2% by mass based on the total amount of the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the content is more preferably 0.01% by mass or more, and 0.02% by mass or more. More preferably, 0.04 mass% or more is still more preferable.
- a triazole type compound exhibits the performance corresponding to content by making content below into the said upper limit, and also prevents that the intermediate film for laminated glasses colors.
- the content of the triazole-based compound is more preferably 0.15% by mass or less, further preferably 0.1% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.06% by mass or less, and 0.042% by mass or less. Particularly preferred.
- the interlayer film for a laminated glass of the present invention when the transmittance at 400nm after irradiation with xenon light 1000 hours T 1000, the transmittance at 400nm before irradiation was T 0 under the following conditions, T 1000 -T 0
- the transmittance difference represented by is less than 2.0%.
- Xenon light is irradiated at an irradiance of 180 w / m 2 at a black panel temperature of 83 ° C., a bath temperature of 50 ° C., and a bath humidity of 50% RH.
- laminated glass In the measurement of the transmittances T 0 and T 1000 , laminated glass The transmittance of the entire laminated glass measured in a state in which the interlayer film is sandwiched between two clear glass plates and these clear glass plates are bonded to form a laminated glass is defined as the transmittance of the interlayer film for laminated glass. To do. Also, xenon light is applied to the laminated glass. As the clear glass plate, a 2.5 mm thick clear glass (visible light transmittance 90.4%) conforming to JIS R 3202: 2011 is used. Since such clear glass has high transmittance, the transmittance and transmittance difference of the laminated glass interlayer can be substantially confirmed by confirming the transmittance and transmittance difference of the laminated glass. The details of the test method are as described in Examples described later.
- the transmittance difference is 2.0% or more, the interlayer film for laminated glass is deteriorated by irradiation with sunlight or the like when used in a window glass or the like for a long period of time.
- the transmittance becomes high, and it becomes difficult to maintain the ultraviolet absorption performance near 400 nm well over a long period of time.
- the transmittance difference is preferably 1.85% or less, more preferably 0.55% or less, and even more preferably 0.1% or less.
- the transmittance difference is preferably 0% or close to 0%, preferably ⁇ 0.4% or more, more preferably ⁇ 0.3% or more, further preferably ⁇ 0.1% or more, and ⁇ 0.04. % Or more is particularly preferable.
- the transmittance T 0 at 400 nm is preferably low from the viewpoint of enhancing the ultraviolet absorption performance near 400 nm. For example, 7.0% or less, preferably 3% or less, more preferably 1.5% or less, and even more preferably 1 % Or less, particularly preferably 0.75% or less. Further, the transmittance T 0 at 400 nm is, for example, 0.01% or more, preferably 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.2% or more, and further preferably 0.4% or more. By setting the transmittance T 0 to be equal to or higher than these lower limit values, it becomes easy to ensure transparency in the visible light region and prevent the interlayer film for laminated glass from being colored.
- the visible light transmittance of the interlayer film for laminated glass is preferably 70% or more.
- the visible light transmittance is preferably 75% or more.
- the upper limit of the visible light transmittance is not particularly limited, but is 95% or less, for example.
- the visible light transmittance is the same as that of the transmittances T 0 and T 1000.
- the laminated glass intermediate film is sandwiched between two clear glass plates, and these clear glass plates are bonded to form a laminated glass. Let the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass measured in the state be the visible light transmittance of the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the visible light transmittance is measured according to JISR 3106 (1998).
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention comprises a second ultraviolet absorber in addition to a benzotriazole compound (hereinafter also referred to as “first ultraviolet absorber”) having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 370 nm to 405 nm. It is preferable to contain.
- the second ultraviolet absorber is an ultraviolet absorber having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 330 nm or more and less than 370 nm.
- the maximum absorption wavelength peak of the second ultraviolet absorber is preferably 340 nm or more and 360 nm or less.
- Preferred specific examples of the second ultraviolet absorber include triazine compounds, benzotriazole compounds, benzophenone compounds, zinc particles, and the like, and more preferred are benzotriazole compounds.
- the benzotriazole compound used for the second ultraviolet absorber has a structure different from that of the benzotriazole compound used for the first ultraviolet absorber, and is, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (3).
- R 21 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- R 22 represents a hydrogen atom or 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- X is a chlorine atom or a hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl groups of R 21 and R 22 may have a linear structure or a branched structure.
- the alkoxycarbonylalkyl group may have a linear structure or a branched structure.
- R 21 and R 22 include a hydrogen atom, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, iso-propyl group, n-butyl group, tert-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, and octyl group.
- R 21 includes a methoxycarbonylpropyl group, an octyloxycarbonylpropyl group, and the like.
- R 21 is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, particularly a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, or an octyl group.
- R 21 and R 22 may be the same or different.
- the compound represented by the formula (3) examples include 2- (3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3,5-di- t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, octyl 3- [3-tert-butyl-5- (5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4-hydroxyphenyl] propionate , Methyl 3- (5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -5- (1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxyphenylpropionate, 2- (3,5-di-tert-amyl- 2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole and the like.
- a commercially available product may be used as the benzotriazole-based compound used for the second ultraviolet absorber, and examples thereof include TINUVIN® 326 and TINUVIN® 327 (trade names, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals).
- examples of the triazine compound include known compounds that have a triazine skeleton and are used as an ultraviolet absorber.
- Specific examples of the triazine compound include hydroxyphenyl triazine compounds represented by TINUVIN460 and TINUVIN477 (trade names, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals).
- the content of the second ultraviolet absorber in the interlayer film for laminated glass is preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass based on the total amount of the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the content of the second ultraviolet absorber is more preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and further preferably 0.5% by mass or more.
- the 2nd ultraviolet absorber exhibits the performance corresponding to the compounding quantity by setting it as the said upper limit or less, Furthermore, it prevents that the intermediate film for laminated glasses colors. From these viewpoints, the content is preferably 1.5% by mass or less, and more preferably 1.0% by mass or less.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention may contain a third ultraviolet absorber in addition to the first and second ultraviolet absorbers described above.
- the third ultraviolet absorber has a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 370 nm or more and 405 nm or less, but is a compound other than a benzotriazole-based compound.
- Preferable specific examples of the third ultraviolet absorber include indole compounds and coumarin compounds.
- the maximum absorption wavelength peak of the third ultraviolet absorber is more preferably 373 nm or more, and further preferably 375 nm or more. Further, it is more preferably 400 nm or less, and further preferably 395 nm or less.
- the ultraviolet absorption performance of 400 nm vicinity by using a 3rd ultraviolet absorber.
- the third ultraviolet absorber deteriorates when exposed to sunlight for a long period of time, and the ultraviolet absorption performance is likely to deteriorate.
- the combination with the first ultraviolet absorber described above suppresses deterioration, and the above This prevents the transmission difference from increasing.
- the indole compound has an indole skeleton, and preferred examples include compounds represented by the following formula (4).
- R 23 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- R 24 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms. Represents.
- Each of the alkyl groups of R 23 and R 24 may have a linear structure or a branched structure.
- R 23 in the above formula (4) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, and an n-propyl group.
- R 23 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or an isopropyl group. From the viewpoint of light resistance, a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable.
- R 24 in formula (4) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms examples include methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, and n-octyl. Groups and the like.
- aralkyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms examples include a benzyl group, a phenylethyl group, a phenylpropyl group, and a phenylbutyl group.
- coumarin compound known compounds used as ultraviolet absorbers can be used, and examples thereof include Eusorb® UV-1990 (trade name, manufactured by Utec Chemical Co., Ltd.).
- the content of the third ultraviolet absorber is preferably 0.001 to 0.2% by mass based on the total amount of the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the third ultraviolet absorber can improve the ultraviolet absorptivity in the vicinity of 400 nm.
- the content of the third ultraviolet absorber is more preferably 0.005% by mass or more, and further preferably 0.007% by mass or more.
- the content of the third ultraviolet absorber is preferably 0.1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.05% by mass or less, and further preferably 0.03% by mass or less.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass preferably contains a thermoplastic resin.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass contains a thermoplastic resin
- the interlayer film can easily function as an adhesive layer and has good adhesion to a glass plate or the like.
- the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polyvinyl acetal resin, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, an ionomer resin, a polyurethane resin, and a thermoplastic elastomer. By using these resins, it becomes easy to ensure adhesion with the glass plate.
- the thermoplastic resin may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- At least one selected from a polyvinyl acetal resin and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is preferable. Particularly, when used in combination with a plasticizer, it exhibits excellent adhesion to glass. Polyvinyl acetal resin is more preferable.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde, but a polyvinyl butyral resin is preferable.
- the preferable lower limit of the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin is 40 mol%, the preferable upper limit is 85 mol%, the more preferable lower limit is 60 mol%, and the more preferable upper limit is 75 mol%.
- the minimum with the preferable amount of hydroxyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal resin is 15 mol%, and a preferable upper limit is 35 mol%.
- a preferable upper limit is 35 mol%.
- the preferred lower limit of the hydroxyl amount is 15 mol%
- the preferred upper limit is 35 mol%
- the more preferred lower limit is 25 mol%
- the more preferred upper limit is 33 mol. %.
- the degree of acetalization and the amount of hydroxyl groups can be measured by, for example, a method based on JIS K6728 “Testing method for polyvinyl butyral”.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- Polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 80 to 99.8 mol% is generally used.
- the preferable lower limit of the degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl acetal resin is 500, and the preferable upper limit is 4000. By setting the degree of polymerization to 500 or more, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is improved. Moreover, it becomes easy to shape
- a more preferable lower limit of the degree of polymerization is 1000, and a more preferable upper limit is 3600.
- the aldehyde is not particularly limited, but in general, an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferably used.
- the aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is not particularly limited.
- n-butyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, and n-valeraldehyde are preferable, and n-butyraldehyde is more preferable.
- These aldehydes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin may be a non-crosslinked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin or a high temperature cross-linked ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin.
- modified ethylene-vinyl acetate resins such as saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and hydrolyzate of ethylene-vinyl acetate can also be used.
- the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin preferably has a vinyl acetate content of 10 to 50% by mass, more preferably 20 to 40% by mass, measured in accordance with JIS K-6730 “Testing method for ethylene / vinyl acetate resin”. .
- the vinyl acetate content By setting the vinyl acetate content to be equal to or higher than these lower limits, the adhesion to glass is increased, and the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is likely to be improved.
- the vinyl acetate content below these upper limit values, the breaking strength of the interlayer film for laminated glass is increased, and the impact resistance of the laminated glass is improved.
- the ionomer resin is not particularly limited, and various ionomer resins can be used. Specific examples include ethylene ionomers, styrene ionomers, perfluorocarbon ionomers, telechelic ionomers, polyurethane ionomers, and the like. Of these, ethylene ionomers are preferred from the viewpoints of improved mechanical strength, durability, transparency, and the like of laminated glass and excellent adhesion to glass.
- an ionomer of an ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is preferably used because of its excellent transparency and toughness.
- the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is a copolymer having at least a structural unit derived from ethylene and a structural unit derived from unsaturated carboxylic acid, and may have a structural unit derived from another monomer.
- unsaturated carboxylic acid acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, etc. are mentioned, Acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are preferable, and methacrylic acid is especially preferable.
- Other monomers include acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid esters, 1-butene and the like.
- the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer preferably has an ethylene-derived structural unit of 75 to 99 mol%, assuming that the total structural unit of the copolymer is 100 mol%. It is preferable to have 1 to 25 mol% of structural units.
- the ionomer of the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer is an ionomer resin obtained by neutralizing or crosslinking at least a part of the carboxyl group of the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with a metal ion.
- the degree of neutralization of the carboxyl group is usually 1 to 90%, preferably 5 to 85%.
- Examples of the ion source in the ionomer resin include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, and polyvalent metals such as magnesium, calcium, and zinc. Sodium and zinc are preferable.
- the production method of the ionomer resin is not particularly limited, and can be produced by a conventionally known production method.
- an ionomer of an ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer for example, ethylene and an unsaturated carboxylic acid are subjected to radical copolymerization at a high temperature and high pressure to obtain an ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid.
- a copolymer is produced.
- an ionomer of the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer can be produced by reacting the ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with the metal compound containing the ion source.
- polyurethane resin examples include polyurethane obtained by reacting an isocyanate compound with a diol compound, an isocyanate compound, a diol compound, and a polyurethane obtained by reacting a chain extender such as polyamine.
- the polyurethane resin may contain a sulfur atom. In that case, part or all of the diol may be selected from polythiols and sulfur-containing polyols.
- the polyurethane resin can improve the adhesion to the organic glass. Therefore, it is suitably used when the glass plate is organic glass.
- thermoplastic elastomer examples include styrenic thermoplastic elastomers and aliphatic polyolefins.
- the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used.
- the styrenic thermoplastic elastomer generally has a styrene monomer polymer block serving as a hard segment and a conjugated diene compound polymer block serving as a soft segment or a hydrogenated block thereof.
- styrenic thermoplastic elastomers include styrene-isoprene diblock copolymers, styrene-butadiene diblock copolymers, styrene-isoprene-styrene triblock copolymers, styrene-butadiene / isoprene-styrene triblock copolymers. And polymers, styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymers, and hydrogenated products thereof.
- the aliphatic polyolefin may be a saturated aliphatic polyolefin or an unsaturated aliphatic polyolefin.
- the aliphatic polyolefin may be a polyolefin having a chain olefin as a monomer or a polyolefin having a cyclic olefin as a monomer. From the viewpoint of effectively enhancing the storage stability and sound insulation of the interlayer film, the aliphatic polyolefin is preferably a saturated aliphatic polyolefin.
- Examples of the material of the aliphatic polyolefin include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, trans-2-butene, cis-2-butene, 1-pentene, trans-2-pentene, cis-2-pentene, 1-hexene, trans -2-hexene, cis-2-hexene, trans-3-hexene, cis-3-hexene, 1-heptene, trans-2-heptene, cis-2-heptene, trans-3-heptene, cis-3-heptene 1-octene, trans-2-octene, cis-2-octene, trans-3-octene, cis-3-octene, trans-4-octene, cis-4-octene, 1-nonene, trans-2-nonene Cis-2-nonene, trans-3-nonene, cis-3-nonene, tran -4-
- the interlayer film for laminated glass contains a thermoplastic resin, it may further contain a plasticizer.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass becomes flexible by containing a plasticizer, and as a result, the laminated glass becomes flexible. Furthermore, it becomes possible to exhibit high adhesiveness to the glass plate.
- the plasticizer is particularly effective when contained in the layer.
- the plasticizer include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, and phosphoric acid plasticizers such as organic phosphoric acid plasticizers and organic phosphorous acid plasticizers. . Of these, organic ester plasticizers are preferred.
- organic ester plasticizers examples include triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, and triethylene glycol.
- Di-n-heptanoate tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, 1,2-butylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2- Cylbutyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, diethylene glycol dicapryate , Triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate
- Examples of the mixed adipic acid ester include adipic acid esters prepared from two or more alcohols selected from alkyl alcohols having 4 to 9 carbon atoms and cyclic alcohols having 4 to 9 carbon atoms.
- adipic acid esters prepared from two or more alcohols selected from alkyl alcohols having 4 to 9 carbon atoms and cyclic alcohols having 4 to 9 carbon atoms.
- plasticizers triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) is particularly preferably used.
- the content of the plasticizer is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 30 parts by mass and a preferable upper limit is 70 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin.
- a preferable lower limit is 30 parts by mass
- a preferable upper limit is 70 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin.
- content of the plasticizer is 30 parts by mass or more, the laminated glass becomes moderately flexible, and handling properties and the like are improved.
- content of a plasticizer shall be 70 mass parts or less, it will prevent that a plasticizer isolate
- the minimum with more preferable content of a plasticizer is 35 mass parts, and a more preferable upper limit is 63 mass parts.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass contains a thermoplastic resin, the thermoplastic resin, or the thermoplastic resin and the plasticizer are the main components, and the total amount of the thermoplastic resin and the plasticizer is the laminated glass.
- the amount is usually 70% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the intermediate film used.
- the laminated glass interlayer film may further contain an infrared absorber. By containing an infrared absorber, high heat shielding properties can be exhibited. Although an infrared absorber will not be specifically limited if it has the performance which shields infrared rays, For example, a tin dope indium oxide particle is suitable.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass may further contain additives such as an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, an adhesive strength modifier, a pigment, a dye, a fluorescent brightening agent, and a crystal nucleating agent as necessary. .
- the antioxidant is not particularly limited.
- the crystal nucleating agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dibenzylidene sorbitol, dibenzylidene xylitol, dibenzylidene dulcitol, dibenzylidene mannitol, and calixarene.
- the crystal nucleating agent is suitably used when an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin is used as the thermoplastic resin.
- As the adhesive strength adjusting agent for example, various magnesium salts or potassium salts are used.
- the thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glass is preferably 0.1 to 3 mm.
- the thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glass is preferably 0.1 to 3 mm.
- the more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glass is 0.25 mm, and the more preferable upper limit is 2 mm.
- the laminated glass interlayer film may be formed by, for example, kneading materials constituting the interlayer film such as a thermoplastic resin or a benzotriazole compound, and extrusion molding or press molding the obtained composition.
- kneading materials constituting the interlayer film
- a plasticizer an ultraviolet absorber such as a benzotriazole compound is dissolved in the plasticizer to obtain a mixture thereof, and the mixture is kneaded with a thermoplastic resin such as a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- a composition may be made.
- the laminated glass of the present invention includes two glass plates and the above-described interlayer film for laminated glass disposed between the two glass plates.
- the layer between the two glass plates may be composed of one resin layer or may be a laminated structure in which two or more resin layers are laminated.
- the one resin layer is the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glass.
- at least one resin layer may be the above-described interlayer film for laminated glass, and may include a resin layer other than the above-described interlayer film for laminated glass. .
- the resin layer other than the interlayer film for laminated glass described above may have the same configuration as the interlayer film for laminated glass except that it does not contain a benzotriazole-based compound having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 370 nm or more and 405 nm or less. . That is, in such a resin layer, it is preferable to use a thermoplastic resin as the resin, and specific examples of the thermoplastic resin include the various thermoplastic resins described above, and details are as described above. In addition to the thermoplastic resin, a plasticizer may be contained, and other additives may be contained. Furthermore, you may contain a 2nd ultraviolet absorber. Since the details of the plasticizer and other additives are as described above, the description thereof is omitted.
- the glass plate used in the laminated glass may be either inorganic glass or organic glass, but inorganic glass is preferred.
- the inorganic glass include, but are not limited to, clear glass, float plate glass, polished plate glass, mold plate glass, netted plate glass, lined plate glass, and green glass.
- resin glass is used as organic glass, although it does not specifically limit, Organic glass comprised from resin, such as a polycarbonate, an acrylic resin, an acrylic copolymer resin, and polyester, is mentioned.
- the two glass plates may be made of the same material as each other, or may be made of different materials.
- each glass plate is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 0.1 to 15 mm, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm.
- the thickness of each glass plate may be the same or different, but is preferably the same.
- Laminated glass may be manufactured by placing the above-mentioned interlayer film for laminated glass and a resin layer used as necessary between two glass plates, and integrating them by pressure bonding or the like. .
- the laminated glass of the present invention typically does not contain a dimmer.
- the laminated glass should just not contain a light control body between two glass plates.
- the dimmer is a sheet-like or layer-like member that changes optical characteristics such as transmittance at a predetermined wavelength by applying various energy such as light energy, electric energy, and thermal energy, and preferably uses electric energy. By imparting, the optical characteristics change.
- the dimmer includes any of a liquid crystal layer and an electrochromic layer.
- the liquid crystal layer is a layer containing liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal may be of any type, TN type, or STN type.
- the liquid crystal layer may be composed of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC).
- PDLC polymer dispersed liquid crystal
- Examples of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal include what is called a network liquid crystal in which a network structure is formed of a polymer in a liquid crystal layer.
- a microcapsule type liquid crystal (PDMLC) in which liquid crystal is microencapsulated and dispersed in a binder resin may be used.
- the binder resin used in PDMLC include polyvinyl acetal resins such as polyvinyl butyral resin.
- the light control member has, for example, a pair of transparent electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer is disposed between the transparent electrodes to constitute a liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal layer is disposed between the transparent electrodes to constitute a liquid crystal cell.
- an alignment film or the like may be provided between the electrode and the liquid crystal layer.
- an alignment film is unnecessary in PDLC, PDMLC, and the like.
- the liquid crystal layer when a voltage is applied between the transparent electrodes, the liquid crystal is aligned in one direction, and light is transmitted in the thickness direction of the dimmer. Therefore, when the light control body has a liquid crystal layer, the light control body and the laminated glass including the light control body have high light transmittance and become transparent when a voltage is applied. On the other hand, when no voltage is applied, the light control body and the laminated glass having the light control body have a low light transmittance, for example, become opaque.
- the electrochromic layer is a layer composed of an electrochromic material.
- the electrochromic material is not limited as long as it is a compound having electrochromic properties, and may be any of an inorganic compound, an organic compound, and a mixed valence complex.
- the inorganic compound for example, Mo 2 O 3, Ir 2 O 3, NiO, V 2 O 5, WO 3, TiO 2 and the like.
- organic compounds include polypyrrole compounds, polythiophene compounds, polyparaphenylene vinylene compounds, polyaniline compounds, polyacetylene compounds, polyethylenedioxythiophene compounds, metal phthalocyanine compounds, viologen compounds, viologen salt compounds, ferrocene compounds, dimethyl terephthalate compounds, Examples thereof include a diethyl terephthalate compound, and among them, a polyacetylene compound is preferable.
- mixed valence complexes include Prussian blue type complexes (such as KFe [Fe (CN) 6 ]).
- the electrochromic layer can be formed by a known method, and may be formed by sputtering, or may be formed by applying a solution in which an electrochromic material is diluted.
- the light control body preferably has a pair of transparent electrodes, and the electrochromic layer is disposed between the transparent electrodes.
- the electrochromic layer changes the transmissivity of a specific wavelength region, for example, by applying a voltage between the transparent electrodes. This makes the dimmer change from transparent to opaque or when irradiated with visible light.
- the color may change. Therefore, for example, it is possible to have a color tone such as blue, yellow, green, and red when a voltage is applied while being colorless and transparent when a voltage is not applied.
- the electrochromic layer may contain a thermochromic substance or the like whose transmittance in a predetermined region changes according to heat, if necessary. Since the light control body contains a thermochromic substance, the transmittance in a specific wavelength region can be changed by heating and cooling.
- the light control body generally has a pair of base materials made of a resin film or the like, and a pair of transparent electrodes and an electrochromic layer or a liquid crystal layer are disposed between the pair of base materials. It is.
- the light control body may be one in which one resin film is omitted and one transparent electrode is directly provided on the glass plate. As described above, the light control body has high transmittance and becomes transparent when energy is applied by applying a voltage or the like, or when energy is not applied. When the transmittance is increased in such a manner, the visible light transmittance is 70% or more, but may be 80% or more, and may be 90% or more.
- the visible light transmittance can be measured using a spectrophotometer based on JIS R3106 (1998).
- the laminated glass of the present invention can be used in various fields, but it can be used for various vehicles such as automobiles, trains, ships, airplanes, or various buildings such as buildings, condominiums, detached houses, halls, and gymnasiums. It is preferably used for glass. Moreover, it is preferable that a window glass is arrange
- the xenon light was emitted at an irradiance of 180 w / m 2 (irradiance) under the conditions of a black panel temperature of 83 ° C., a bath temperature of 50 ° C., and a bath humidity of 50% RH.
- the measurement wavelength was 300 to 400 nm), and the laminated glass obtained above was irradiated for 1000 hours.
- quartz was used for the inner filter, and quartz: # 275 (cut-off 275 nm) was used for the outer filter.
- the transmittance T 1000 at 400 nm of the interlayer film for laminated glass was measured by the same method as the measurement of the transmittance T 0 .
- a transmittance difference (T 1000 ⁇ T 0 ) was calculated from the obtained transmittances T 0 and T 1000 . (Determination of laminated glass interlayer) From the transmittance difference (T 1000 ⁇ T 0 ) obtained above, the evaluation was made according to the following evaluation criteria.
- D Transmittance difference is 2.0% or more
- the YI value of the initial laminated glass was measured for the laminated glass obtained above in the same manner as when measuring the transmittance T 0 .
- the YI value of the laminated glass is determined by measuring the X, Y, and Z of the standard light C by the transmission method using a spectrophotometer (“U-4100” manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech) in accordance with JIS K7103. Asked.
- the YI value is indicated by an absolute value.
- Examples 1 to 5, Comparative Examples 1 to 8 Each component is mixed so that the content of each component in the interlayer film for laminated glass is as shown in Table 1, and the resulting mixture is extruded by a biaxial anisotropic extruder to obtain a film thickness of 760 ⁇ m. An interlayer film for glass was produced.
- the organic acid magnesium aqueous solution as an adhesive strength adjusting agent was adjusted so that the Mg concentration in the interlayer film for laminated glass was 65 ppm. Further added.
- the content of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, K, Mg, etc. can be measured with an ICP emission analyzer (“ICPE-9000” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- Tinuvin 326 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, maximum absorption wavelength peak 353 nm (abbreviated as T326 in the table) (4) Third UV absorber (UVA3) Coumarin compound: Eusorb UV-1990 (trade name, manufactured by Utec Chemical Co., Ltd.), maximum absorption wavelength peak 384 nm
- UVA3 Third UV absorber
- Ecomarin compound Eusorb UV-1990 (trade name, manufactured by Utec Chemical Co., Ltd.)
- Indole compound Indole compound produced by the following production method
- the resulting indole compound had a melting point of 193.7 ° C. and a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 391 nm.
- Ethanol instead of methanol, ethyl cyanoacetate (0.12 mol) instead of methyl cyanoacetate, 1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde instead of 1-ethyl- 2-Phenyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (0.10 mol) was used.
- the indole compound in which R 23 is an ethyl group (C 2 H 5 ) and R 24 is an ethyl group (C 2 H 5 ) in the same manner as the preparation method of the indole compound A 30.8 g of pale yellow crystals of B were obtained. Ethanol was used instead of methanol, and ethyl cyanoacetate (0.12 mol) was used instead of methyl cyanoacetate. Except for these, the indole compound C was prepared in the same manner as in the indole compound A by using the indole compound C wherein R 23 is an ethyl group (C 2 H 5 ) and R 24 is a methyl group (CH 3 ).
- Antioxidant 1 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT)
- Antioxidant 2 IRGANOX 1010 (trade name), BASF crystal nucleating agent: dibenzylidene sorbitol
- Examples 1 to 5 by blending a benzotriazole-based compound having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 370 nm or more and 405 nm or less and having a transmittance difference within a predetermined range, ultraviolet absorption performance in the vicinity of 400 nm can be obtained over a long period of time. It was possible to improve. On the other hand, in each comparative example, one or two kinds of ultraviolet absorbers were used, but none of them was a benzotriazole compound having a maximum absorption wavelength peak of 370 nm or more and 405 nm or less. The ultraviolet absorption performance could not be improved.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、本発明の課題は、400nm付近の紫外線吸収性能を長期間にわたって良好に維持する合わせガラス用中間膜を提供することである。
すなわち、本発明は、以下の[1]~[11]を提供する。
[1]最大吸収波長ピークが370nm以上405nm以下であるベンゾトリアゾール系化合物を含有し、
放射照度180w/m2のキセノン光を、ブラックパネル温度83℃、槽内温度50℃、及び槽内湿度50%RHにて、1000時間照射した後の400nmにおける透過率をT1000、照射前の400nmにおける透過率をT0としたとき、T1000-T0で表される透過率差が2.0%未満となる合わせガラス用中間膜。
[2]前記透過率差が、-0.4%以上である上記[1]に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
[3]熱可塑性樹脂をさらに含有する上記[1]又は[2]に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
[4]ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、及びエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
[5]ポリビニルアセタール樹脂と可塑剤とを含む上記[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
[6]最大吸収波長ピークが330nm以上370nm未満である紫外線吸収剤をさらに含有する上記[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
[7]前記ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物が、以下の式(1)で表わされる化合物である上記[1]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
(式(1)において、R10は、水素原子、又はヘテロ原子を有してもよい炭素数1~30の炭化水素基であり、R11~R15はそれぞれ独立して、水素原子、水酸基、スルホ基、又はヘテロ原子を有してもよい炭素数1~30の炭化水素基である。R11~R15の少なくとも1つは水酸基である。)
[8]前記ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物の含有量が、0.005~0.2質量%である上記[1]~[7]のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
[9]前記照射前の400nmにおける透過率T0が、7.0%以下である上記[1]~[8]のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
[10]2枚のガラス板と、これら2枚のガラス板の間に配置され、上記[1]~[9]のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜とを備える、合わせガラス。
[11]調光体を含まない、上記[10]に記載の合わせガラス。
以下、本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜について詳細に説明する。
本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜は、最大吸収波長ピークが370nm以上405nm以下であるベンゾトリアゾール系化合物を含有する。本発明では、このようなベンゾトリアゾール系化合物を含有させることで、合わせガラス用中間膜の400nm付近における紫外線吸収性能を良好にしつつ、後述する透過率差を所定の範囲に調整することが可能になる。
上記ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物は、最大吸収波長ピークが370nm以上405nm以下であるが、最大吸収波長ピークが370nmより低かったり、405nmより高くなったりすると、400nm付近における紫外線吸収性能を良好にすることが難しくなったり、合わせガラス中間膜が着色されたりする。最大吸収波長ピークは、好ましくは373nm以上、より好ましくは375nm以上である。また、好ましくは400nm以下、より好ましくは395nm以下である。
ここで、R10においてヘテロ原子を有してもよい炭素数1~30の炭化水素基としては、アルキル基、アリール基、ヘテロアリール基、アリールアルキル基、ヘテロアリールアルキル基、アルケニル基およびアルキニル基が挙げられる。
また、R11~R15においてヘテロ原子を有してもよい炭素数1~30の炭化水素基としては、アルキル基、アリールアルキル基、ヘテロアリールアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、シクロヘテロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基が挙げられる。
アリールアルキル基は、アルキル基を介して結合されるアリール-アルキルの構造を有する基であり、アラルキル基ともいう。アリールアルキル基におけるアルキル基およびアリール基はいずれも、上記のとおりである。また、ヘテロアリールアルキル基は、アルキル基を介して結合されるヘテロアリール-アルキルの構造を有する基である。ヘテロアリールアルキル基におけるアルキル基及びヘテロアリール基は、いずれも上記の通りである。
ただし、R10、R12、及びR14はそれぞれ上記と同様である。
R10、R12、及びR14のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基、n-プロピル基、イソブチル基、n-ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、n-オクチル基、1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル等が挙げられる。また、フェニルアルキル基としては、ベンジル基、フェニルエチル基、フェニルプロピル基、フェニルブチル基が挙げられる。なお、フェニルプロピル基には、1-メチル-1-フェニルエチル基など、プロピル部分が分岐構造を有しているものも含まれ、また、フェニル基の結合位置もいずれであってもよい。フェニルエチル基、フェニルブチル基なども同様である。
また、式(2)において、好ましくはR12がアラルキル基、R14がアルキル基である。
このようなベンゾトリアゾール化合物としては、具体的には、6-ブチル-2-[2-ヒドロキシ-3-(1-メチルー1-フェニルエチル)-5-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)-フェニル]-ピロロ[3,4-f][ベンゾトリアゾール-5,7(2H,6H)-ジオン]などが挙げられる。また、市販品としては、TINUVIN CarboProtect(商品名.BASF社製)などが挙げられる。
また、トリアゾール系化合物は、含有量を上記上限値以下とすることで、含有量に見合った性能を発揮し、かつ合わせガラス用中間膜が着色したりすることも防止する。これら観点から、トリアゾール系化合物の含有量は、0.15質量%以下がより好ましく、0.1質量%以下がさらに好ましく、0.06質量%以下がよりさらに好ましく、0.042質量%以下が特に好ましい。
本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜は、以下の条件でキセノン光を1000時間照射した後の400nmにおける透過率をT1000、照射前の400nmにおける透過率をT0としたとき、T1000-T0で表される透過率差が2.0%未満となる。
条件:ブラックパネル温度83℃、槽内温度50℃、及び槽内湿度50%RHにてキセノン光を放射照度180w/m2で照射
なお、透過率T0、T1000の測定においては、合わせガラス用中間膜を、2枚のクリアガラス板の間に挟持させ、かつこれらクリアガラス板を接着させ合わせガラスとした状態にて測定された合わせガラス全体の透過率を、合わせガラス用中間膜の透過率とする。また、キセノン光は合わせガラスに対して照射される。クリアガラス板としては、JIS R 3202:2011に準拠した厚さ2.5mmのクリアガラス(可視光透過率90.4%)を使用する。このようなクリアガラスは、透過率が高いため、上記合わせガラスの透過率及び透過率差を確認することで、実質的に合わせガラス中間膜の透過率及び透過率差を確認できる。なお、試験方法の詳細は、後述する実施例に記載されるとおりである。
400nm付近の紫外線吸収性能を長期間にわたって優れたものとする観点から、上記透過率差は、1.85%以下が好ましく、0.55%以下がさら好ましく、0.1%以下がより好ましい。
また、透過率差は、0%又は0%に近いほうがよく、-0.4%以上が好ましく、-0.3%以上がより好ましく、-0.1%以上がさらに好ましく、-0.04%以上が特に好ましい。
また、400nmにおける透過率T0は、例えば、0.01%以上、好ましくは0.1%以上、より好ましくは0.2%以上、さらに好ましくは0.4%以上である。透過率T0をこれら下限値以上とすることで、可視光領域での透明性を確保しやすくなり、合わせガラス用中間膜が着色されたりすることを防止する。
なお、可視光透過率は、透過率T0、T1000の測定と同様に、合わせガラス用中間膜を、2枚のクリアガラス板の間に挟持させ、かつこれらクリアガラス板を接着させ合わせガラスとした状態にて測定された合わせガラスの可視光透過率を、合わせガラス用中間膜の可視光透過率とする。なお、可視光透過率は、JISR 3106(1998)に準拠して測定する。
本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜は、最大吸収波長ピークが370nm以上405nm以下であるベンゾトリアゾール系化合物(以下、「第1の紫外線吸収剤」ともいう)に加えて、第2の紫外線吸収剤を含有することが好ましい。第2の紫外線吸収剤は、最大吸収波長ピークが330nm以上370nm未満である紫外線吸収剤である。
合わせガラス用中間膜は、第1の紫外線吸収剤に加えて、第2の紫外線吸収剤を含有することで、広い波長領域にわたって紫外線吸収性能が良好になる。また、上記した吸収率差を所望の範囲内に調整しやすくなる。
第2の紫外線吸収剤の最大吸収波長ピークは、好ましくは340nm以上360nm以下である。
式(3)において、R21は、水素原子、炭素数が1~8のアルキル基、又は炭素数4~20のアルコキシカルボニルアルキル基を表し、R22は、水素原子、又は炭素数が1~8のアルキル基を表す。Xは塩素原子又は水素原子である。
また、式(3)で示される化合物の具体例としては、2-(3-t-ブチル-5-メチル-2-ヒドロキシフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、2-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-2-ヒドロキシフェニル)-5-クロロベンゾトリアゾール、3-[3-tert-ブチル-5-(5-クロロ-2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)-4-ヒドロキシフェニル]プロピオン酸オクチル、3-(5-クロロ-2H-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)-5-(1,1-ジメチルエチル)-4-ヒドロキシフェニルプロピオン酸メチル、2-(3,5-ジ-tert-アミル-2-ヒドロキシフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾールなどが挙げられる。
また、第2の紫外線吸収剤は、上記上限値以下とすることで、配合量に見合った性能を発揮し、さらには、合わせガラス用中間膜が着色したりすることを防止する。これら観点から、上記含有量は、1.5質量%以下が好ましく、1.0質量%以下がさらに好ましい。
本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜は、上記した第1及び第2の紫外線吸収剤に加えて、第3の紫外線吸収剤を含有してもよい。第3の紫外線吸収剤は、最大吸収波長ピークが370nm以上405nm以下であるが、ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物以外の化合物である。
第3の紫外線吸収剤の好ましい具体例としては、インドール系化合物、クマリン系化合物などが挙げられる。第3の紫外線吸収剤の最大吸収波長ピークは、より好ましくは373nm以上、さらに好ましくは375nm以上である。また、より好ましくは400nm以下、さらに好ましくは395nm以下である。
本発明では、第3の紫外線吸収剤を使用することで、400nm付近の紫外線吸収性能を向上させやすくなる。また、第3の紫外線吸収剤は、太陽光に長期間暴露されると劣化して紫外線吸収性能が低下しやすいが、上記した第1の紫外線吸収剤と併用することで劣化が抑制され、上記した透過率差が大きくなることを防止する。
式(4)において、R23は、炭素数が1~3のアルキル基を表し、R24は、水素原子、炭素数が1~10のアルキル基、又は、炭素数が7~10のアラルキル基を表す。
式(4)におけるR24は、炭素数が1~10のアルキル基であることが好ましく、炭素数が1~8のアルキル基であることがより好ましい。炭素数が1~10のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基、n-プロピル基、イソブチル基、n-ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、n-オクチル基等が挙げられる。また、炭素数が7~10のアラルキル基として、例えば、ベンジル基、フェニルエチル基、フェニルプロピル基、フェニルブチル基等が挙げられる。
また、上記上限値以下とすることで、含有量に見合った性能を発揮しやすくなる。また、合わせガラス用中間膜が着色したり、上記した透過率差が大きくなったりする不具合が生じにくくなる。これら観点から、第3の紫外線吸収剤の含有量は、0.1質量%以下が好ましく、0.05質量%以下がより好ましく、0.03質量%以下がさらに好ましい。
合わせガラス用中間膜は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有することが好ましい。合わせガラス用中間膜は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有することで、接着層としての機能を果たしやすくなり、ガラス板などとの接着性が良好になる。
熱可塑性樹脂としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂、アイオノマー樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、及び熱可塑性エラストマーなどが挙げられる。これら樹脂を使用することで、ガラス板との接着性を確保しやすくなる。合わせガラス用中間膜において熱可塑性樹脂は、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中では、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂及びエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂から選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、特に、可塑剤と併用した場合に、ガラスに対して優れた接着性を発揮する点から、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂がより好ましい。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂は、ポリビニルアルコールをアルデヒドでアセタール化して得られるポリビニルアセタール樹脂であれば特に限定されないが、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂が好適である。
上記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂のアセタール化度の好ましい下限は40モル%、好ましい上限は85モル%であり、より好ましい下限は60モル%、より好ましい上限は75モル%である。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂としてポリビニルブチラール樹脂を用いる場合も、同様の観点から、水酸基量の好ましい下限は15モル%、好ましい上限は35モル%であり、より好ましい下限は25モル%、より好ましい上限は33モル%である。
なお、上記アセタール化度及び上記水酸基量は、例えば、JIS K6728「ポリビニルブチラール試験方法」に準拠した方法により測定することができる。
ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の重合度の好ましい下限は500、好ましい上限は4000である。重合度を500以上することで、合わせガラスの耐貫通性が良好になる。また、重合度を4000以下とすることで、合わせガラスの成形がしやすくなる。重合度のより好ましい下限は1000、より好ましい上限は3600である。
エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂としては、非架橋型のエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂であってもよいし、また、高温架橋型のエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂であってもよい。また、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂としては、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体けん化物、エチレン-酢酸ビニルの加水分解物などのようなエチレン-酢酸ビニル変性体樹脂も用いることができる。
アイオノマー樹脂としては、特に限定はなく、様々なアイオノマー樹脂を用いることができる。具体的には、エチレン系アイオノマー、スチレン系アイオノマー、パーフルオロカーボン系アイオノマー、テレケリックアイオノマー、ポリウレタンアイオノマー等が挙げられる。これらの中では、合わせガラスの機械強度、耐久性、透明性などが良好になる点、ガラスへの接着性に優れる点から、エチレン系アイオノマーが好ましい。
不飽和カルボン酸としては、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸等が挙げられ、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸が好ましく、メタクリル酸が特に好ましい。また、他のモノマーとしては、アクリル酸エステル、メタクリル酸エステル、1-ブテン等が挙げられる。
エチレン・不飽和カルボン酸共重合体としては、該共重合体が有する全構成単位を100モル%とすると、エチレン由来の構成単位を75~99モル%有することが好ましく、不飽和カルボン酸由来の構成単位を1~25モル%有することが好ましい。
エチレン・不飽和カルボン酸共重合体のアイオノマーは、エチレン・不飽和カルボン酸共重合体が有するカルボキシル基の少なくとも一部を金属イオンで中和または架橋することにより得られるアイオノマー樹脂であるが、該カルボキシル基の中和度は、通常は1~90%であり、好ましくは5~85%である。
ポリウレタン樹脂としては、イソシアネート化合物と、ジオール化合物とを反応して得られるポリウレタン、イソシアネート化合物と、ジオール化合物、さらに、ポリアミンなどの鎖長延長剤を反応させることにより得られるポリウレタンなどが挙げられる。また、ポリウレタン樹脂は、硫黄原子を含有するものでもよい。その場合には、上記ジオールの一部又は全部を、ポリチオール及び含硫黄ポリオールから選択されるものとするとよい。ポリウレタン樹脂は、有機ガラスとの接着性を良好にすることができる。そのため、ガラス板が有機ガラスである場合に好適に使用される。
熱可塑性エラストマーとしては、スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマー、脂肪族ポリオレフィンが挙げられる。スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーとしては、特に限定されず、公知のものを用いることができる。スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーは、一般的に、ハードセグメントとなるスチレンモノマー重合体ブロックと、ソフトセグメントとなる共役ジエン化合物重合体ブロック又はその水添ブロックとを有する。スチレン系熱可塑性エラストマーの具体例としては、スチレン-イソプレンジブロック共重合体、スチレン-ブタジエンジブロック共重合体、スチレン-イソプレン-スチレントリブロック共重合体、スチレン-ブタジエン/イソプレン-スチレントリブロック共重合体、スチレン-ブタジエン-スチレントリブロック共重合体、並びにその水素添加体が挙げられる。
上記脂肪族ポリオレフィンは、飽和脂肪族ポリオレフィンであってもよく、不飽和脂肪族ポリオレフィンであってもよい。上記脂肪族ポリオレフィンは、鎖状オレフィンをモノマーとするポリオレフィンであってもよく、環状オレフィンをモノマーとするポリオレフィンであってもよい。中間膜の保存安定性、及び、遮音性を効果的に高める観点からは、上記脂肪族ポリオレフィンは、飽和脂肪族ポリオレフィンであることが好ましい。
上記脂肪族ポリオレフィンの材料としては、エチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン、trans-2-ブテン、cis-2-ブテン、1-ペンテン、trans-2-ペンテン、cis-2-ペンテン、1-ヘキセン、trans-2-ヘキセン、cis-2-ヘキセン、trans-3-ヘキセン、cis-3-ヘキセン、1-ヘプテン、trans-2-ヘプテン、cis-2-ヘプテン、trans-3-ヘプテン、cis-3-ヘプテン、1-オクテン、trans-2-オクテン、cis-2-オクテン、trans-3-オクテン、cis-3-オクテン、trans-4-オクテン、cis-4-オクテン、1-ノネン、trans-2-ノネン、cis-2-ノネン、trans-3-ノネン、cis-3-ノネン、trans-4-ノネン、cis-4-ノネン、1-デセン、trans-2-デセン、cis-2-デセン、trans-3-デセン、cis-3-デセン、trans-4-デセン、cis-4-デセン、trans-5-デセン、cis-5-デセン、4-メチル-1-ペンテン、及びビニルシクロヘキサン等が挙げられる。
合わせガラス用中間膜は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有する場合、さらに可塑剤を含有してもよい。合わせガラス用中間膜は、可塑剤を含有することにより柔軟となり、その結果、合わせガラスを柔軟にする。さらには、ガラス板に対する高い接着性を発揮することも可能になる。可塑剤は、合わせガラス用中間膜の熱可塑性樹脂としてポリビニルアセタール樹脂を使用する場合に、その層に含有させると特に効果的である。
可塑剤としては、例えば、一塩基性有機酸エステル及び多塩基性有機酸エステル等の有機エステル可塑剤、並びに有機リン酸可塑剤及び有機亜リン酸可塑剤などのリン酸可塑剤等が挙げられる。なかでも、有機エステル可塑剤が好ましい。
上記可塑剤のなかでも、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)が特に好適に用いられる。
また、合わせガラス用中間膜は、熱可塑性樹脂を含有する場合、熱可塑性樹脂、又は熱可塑性樹脂及び可塑剤が主成分となるものであり、熱可塑性樹脂及び可塑剤の合計量が、合わせガラス用中間膜全量基準で、通常70質量%以上、好ましくは80質量%以上、さらに好ましくは90質量%以上である。
合わせガラス中間膜は、更に赤外線吸収剤を含有してもよい。赤外線吸収剤を含有することにより、高い遮熱性を発揮することができる。赤外線吸収剤は、赤外線を遮蔽する性能を有すれば特に限定されないが、例えば、錫ドープ酸化インジウム粒子が好適である。
また、合わせガラス用中間膜は、更に必要に応じて、酸化防止剤、光安定剤、接着力調整剤、顔料、染料、蛍光増白剤、結晶核剤等の添加剤を含有してもよい。
酸化防止剤は、特に限定されず、例えば、2,2-ビス[[[3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオニル]オキシ]メチル]プロパン-1,3-ジオール1,3-ビス[3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオナート]、4,4’-チオビス(6-tert-ブチル-3-メチルフェノール)、4,4’-ジメチル-6,6’-ジ(tert-ブチル)[2,2’-メチレンビス(フェノール)]、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール、4,4’-ブチリデンビス-(6-t-ブチル-3-メチルフェノール)等が挙げられる。
また、結晶核剤としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、ジベンジリデンソルビトール、ジベンジリデンキシリトール、ジベンジリデンズルシトール、ジベンジリデンマンニトール、カリックスアレーンが挙げられる。結晶核剤は、熱可塑性樹脂としては、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂が使用される場合、好適に使用される。
接着力調整剤としては、例えば各種のマグネシウム塩又はカリウム塩などが使用される。
本発明の合わせガラスは、2枚のガラス板と、2枚のガラス板の間に配置される上記した合わせガラス用中間膜とを備える。
合わせガラスにおいて、2枚のガラス板の間の層は、1層の樹脂層からなってもよいし、2層以上の樹脂層が積層されてなる積層構造であってもよい。1層の樹脂層からなる場合、その1層の樹脂層は、上記した合わせガラス用中間膜である。
2層以上の樹脂層からなる積層構造の場合、少なくとも1層の樹脂層が、上記した合わせガラス用中間膜であるとよく、上記した合わせガラス用中間膜以外の樹脂層を含んでいてもよい。
上記した合わせガラス用中間膜以外の樹脂層としては、最大吸収波長ピークが370nm以上405nm以下であるベンゾトリアゾール系化合物を含有しない以外は、上記した合わせガラス用中間膜と同様の構成を有するとよい。すなわち、そのような樹脂層は、樹脂として熱可塑性樹脂を使用することが好ましく、熱可塑性樹脂の具体例としては、上記した各種の熱可塑樹脂が挙げられ、詳細は、上記したとおりである。また、熱可塑性樹脂以外にも可塑剤を含有してもよく、また、その他の添加剤を含有してもよい。さらには、第2の紫外線吸収剤などを含有してもよい。可塑剤及びその他の添加剤の詳細は、上記したとおりであるので、その説明は省略する。
合わせガラスで使用するガラス板としては、無機ガラス、有機ガラスのいずれでもよいが、無機ガラスが好ましい。無機ガラスとしては、特に限定されないが、クリアガラス、フロート板ガラス、磨き板ガラス、型板ガラス、網入り板ガラス、線入り板ガラス、グリーンガラス等が挙げられる。
また、有機ガラスとしては、一般的に樹脂ガラスと呼ばれるものが使用され、特に限定されないが、ポリカーボネート、アクリル樹脂、アクリル共重合体樹脂、ポリエステルなどの樹脂から構成される有機ガラスが挙げられる。
2枚のガラス板は、互いに同種の材質から構成されてもよいし、別の材質から構成されてもよい。例えば、一方が無機ガラスで、他方が有機ガラスであってもよいが、2枚のガラス板の両方が無機ガラスであるか、又は有機ガラスであることが好ましい。
また、各ガラス板の厚さは、特に限定されないが、例えば、0.1~15mm程度、好ましくは0.5~5mmである。各ガラス板の厚さは、互いに同一であってもよいし、異なっていてもよいが、同一であることが好ましい。
液晶層は、液晶を含む層であり、例えばスペーサなどにより液晶を内部に充填するためのスペースが形成され、そのスペース内に液晶を充填しかつ封止したものが挙げられる。液晶としては、どのような方式のものでもよく、TN型であってもよいし、STN型でもよい。また、液晶層は、ポリマー分散型液晶(PDLC)により構成されてもよい。ポリマー分散型液晶としては、液晶層中にポリマーによりネットワーク構造が形成されたネットワーク液晶と呼ばれるものが挙げられる。また、液晶をマイクロカプセル化してバインダー樹脂中に分散させたマイクロカプセル型液晶(PDMLC)でもよい。PDMLCで使用するバインダー樹脂としては、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂などのポリビニルアセタール樹脂が挙げられる。
エレクトロクロミック層は、エレクトロクロミック材料から構成される層である。エレクトロクロミック材料としては、エレクトロクロミック性を有する化合物であれば限定されず、無機化合物、有機化合物、混合原子価錯体のいずれであってもよい。
無機化合物としては、例えば、Mo2O3、Ir2O3、NiO、V2O5、WO3、TiO2等が挙げられる。有機化合物としては、例えば、ポリピロール化合物、ポリチオフェン化合物、ポリパラフェニレンビニレン化合物、ポリアニリン化合物、ポリアセチレン化合物、ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン化合物、金属フタロシアニン化合物、ビオロゲン化合物、ビオロゲン塩化合物、フェロセン化合物、テレフタル酸ジメチル化合物、テレフタル酸ジエチル化合物等が挙げられ、なかでも、ポリアセチレン化合物が好ましい。また、混合原子価錯体としては、例えば、プルシアンブルー型錯体(KFe[Fe(CN)6]等)が挙げられる。
エレクトロクロミック層は、公知の方法で成膜することが可能であり、スパッタにより成膜してもよいし、エレクトロクロミック材料を希釈した溶液を塗布することで成膜してもよい。
調光体は、上記したように、電圧を印加するなどしてエネルギーを付与し、又は付与しないときに、透過率が高くなり透明となる。そのように透過率が高くなったときの可視光線透過率は、70%以上となるが、80%以上となることもあり、90%以上となることもある。可視光線透過率は、JISR3106(1998)に準拠し分光光度計を用いて測定できる。
(合わせガラスの作製)
各実施例、比較例で得られた合わせガラス用中間膜を、23℃、28%RHの恒温恒湿条件で4時間保持した後、2枚のクリアガラス(縦50mm×横65mm×厚さ2.5mm、可視光透過率90.4%、JIS R 3202:2011に準拠)の間に挟持し、積層体とした。得られた積層体を、230℃の加熱ロールを用いて仮圧着させた。仮圧着された合わせガラスを、オートクレーブを用いて135℃、圧力1.2MPaの条件で20分間圧着し、合わせガラスを作製した。
上記で得られた合わせガラスの400nmにおける光線透過率(%)をJIS R 3106(1998)に準拠し、分光光度計(株式会社日立製作所製「U-4000」)で測定し、合わせガラス用中間膜の400nmにおける透過率T0とした。
(透過率T1000の測定)
キセノン照射機(スガ試験機株式会社「SX75」)において、ブラックパネル温度83℃、槽内温度50℃、及び槽内湿度50%RHの条件下、キセノン光を放射照度180w/m2(放射照度測定波長は300~400nm)、上記で得られた合わせガラスに1000時間照射した。その際、インナーフィルタは石英、及びアウターフィルタは石英:♯275(カットオフ275nm)を用いた。その後、透過率T0の測定と同様の方法で、合わせガラス用中間膜の400nmにおける透過率T1000を測定した。得られた透過率T0、T1000より透過率差(T1000-T0)を算出した。
(合わせガラス中間膜の判定)
上記で得られた透過率差(T1000-T0)より、以下の評価基準で評価した。
A:透過率差が0.55%以下かつ-0.4%以上
B:透過率差が0.55%より大きく2.0%未満
C:透過率差が0.55%以下であるが、-0.4%未満
D:透過率差が2.0%以上
上記で得られた合わせガラスの可視光透過率をJIS R 3106(1998)に準拠して測定して、得られた値を合わせガラス用中間膜の可視光透過率とした。
上記で得られた合わせガラスに対して透過率T0の測定時と同様に、初期の合わせガラスのYI値を測定した。
合わせガラスのYI値は、分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、JIS K7103に準拠し、透過法によって標準光CのX、Y、Zを測定することによりYI値を求めた。YI値は絶対値により示す。
合わせガラス用中間膜における各成分の含有量が、表1に示す配合になるように各成分を混合し、得られた混合物を二軸異方押出機により押出成形して、膜厚760μmの合わせガラス用中間膜を作製した。なお、実施例1、3~5、比較例1~8では、各化合物を混合するとき、接着力調整剤としての有機酸マグネシウム水溶液を、合わせガラス用中間膜におけるMg濃度が65ppmとなるようにさらに添加した。なお、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、K、Mg等の含有量は、ICP発光分析装置(島津製作所社製「ICPE-9000」)により測定することができる。
(1)熱可塑性樹脂
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB):アセタール化度69モル%、水酸基量30モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、重合度1700
エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂(EVA):酢酸ビニル含量28質量%
(2)第1の紫外線吸収剤(UVA1)
ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物、TINUVIN CarboProtect(商品名.BASF社製)、化合物名「6-ブチル-2-[2-ヒドロキシ-3-(1-メチルー1-フェニルエチル)-5-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)-フェニル]-ピロロ[3,4-f][ベンゾトリアゾール-5,7(2H,6H)-ジオン]」、最大吸収波長ピーク375nm(表中では略記してCarboProtectと記載する)
(3)第2の紫外線吸収剤(UVA2)
ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物、商品名.Tinuvin326、チバスペシャリティ・ケミカルズ社製、最大吸収波長ピーク353nm(表中では略記してT326と記載する)
(4)第3の紫外線吸収剤(UVA3)
クマリン系化合物:Eusorb UV-1990(商品名.ユーテックケミカル社製)、最大吸収波長ピーク384nm
インドール系化合物:以下の製造方法により製造したインドール系化合物
メタノールに代えてエタノールを用い、シアノ酢酸メチルに代えて、シアノ酢酸エチル(0.12mol)を用い、1-メチル-2-フェニル-1H-インドール-3-カルボアルデヒドに代えて、1-エチル-2-フェニル-1H-インドール-3-カルボアルデヒド(0.10mol)を用いた。それら以外は上記インドール化合物Aの調製方法と同様の方法により、上記一般式(4)においてR23がエチル基(C2H5)、R24がエチル基(C2H5)であるインドール化合物Bの淡黄色結晶を30.8g得た。
メタノールに代えてエタノールを用い、シアノ酢酸メチルに代えて、シアノ酢酸エチル(0.12mol)を用いた。それら以外は上記インドール化合物Aの調製方法と同様の方法により、上記一般式(4)においてR23がエチル基(C2H5)、R24がメチル基(CH3)であるインドール化合物Cの淡黄色結晶を28.9g得た。なお、得られたインドール化合物Cの融点は145℃であった。
1-メチル-2-フェニル-1H-インドール-3-カルボアルデヒドに代えて、1-ブチル-2-フェニル-1H-インドール-3-カルボアルデヒド(0.10mol)を用いた。それ以外は上記インドール化合物Aの調製方法と同様の方法により、上記一般式(4)においてR23がメチル基(C2H5)、R24がブチル基(C4H9)であるインドール化合物Dの淡黄色結晶を33.7g得た。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)
(6)その他の添加剤
酸化防止剤1:2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)
酸化防止剤2:IRGANOX1010(商品名)、BASF社製
結晶核剤:ジベンジリデンソルビトール
Claims (11)
- 最大吸収波長ピークが370nm以上405nm以下であるベンゾトリアゾール系化合物を含有し、
放射照度180w/m2のキセノン光を、ブラックパネル温度83℃、槽内温度50℃、及び槽内湿度50%RHにて、1000時間照射した後の400nmにおける透過率をT1000、照射前の400nmにおける透過率をT0としたとき、T1000-T0で表される透過率差が2.0%未満となる合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記透過率差が、-0.4%以上である請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 熱可塑性樹脂をさらに含有する請求項1又は2に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、及びエチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- ポリビニルアセタール樹脂と可塑剤とを含む請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 最大吸収波長ピークが330nm以上370nm未満である紫外線吸収剤をさらに含有する請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物の含有量が、0.005~0.2質量%である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記照射前の400nmにおける透過率T0が、7.0%以下である請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 2枚のガラス板と、これら2枚のガラス板の間に配置され、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜とを備える、合わせガラス。
- 調光体を含まない、請求項10に記載の合わせガラス。
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| JP2019519341A JP7286537B2 (ja) | 2018-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | 合わせガラス用中間膜、及び合わせガラス |
| EP19760957.1A EP3760600A4 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | INTERMEDIATE FILM FOR LAMINATED GLASS AND LAMINATED GLASS |
| CN201980015031.5A CN111757860B (zh) | 2018-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | 夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃 |
| KR1020207024261A KR102790175B1 (ko) | 2018-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | 접합 유리용 중간막, 및 접합 유리 |
| MX2020008841A MX2020008841A (es) | 2018-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | Pelicula intermedia de vidrio laminado y vidrio laminado. |
| CN202310104032.5A CN116082989A (zh) | 2018-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | 夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃 |
| US16/975,217 US11440296B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | Laminated glass intermediate film and laminated glass |
| JP2023085637A JP2023113729A (ja) | 2018-02-27 | 2023-05-24 | 合わせガラス用中間膜、及び合わせガラス |
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| EP3943291A4 (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2022-12-14 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | INTERMEDIATE FILM FOR LAMINATED GLASS, AND LAMINATED GLASS |
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| WO2012023616A1 (ja) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
| JP2012046748A (ja) | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-08 | Kuraray Europe Gmbh | Uv線に対して選択的透過性を有する、ポリビニルアセタールをベースとする可塑剤含有フィルム |
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| WO2018098074A1 (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2018-05-31 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Ultraviolet protective transparency |
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| DE602006020839D1 (de) * | 2005-02-02 | 2011-05-05 | Basf Se | Langwellige verschobene benzotriazol-uv-absorber und deren verwendung |
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| KR102790175B1 (ko) * | 2018-02-27 | 2025-04-03 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 접합 유리용 중간막, 및 접합 유리 |
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| WO2012023616A1 (ja) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
| JP2012046748A (ja) | 2010-08-26 | 2012-03-08 | Kuraray Europe Gmbh | Uv線に対して選択的透過性を有する、ポリビニルアセタールをベースとする可塑剤含有フィルム |
| JP2017501953A (ja) * | 2013-12-10 | 2017-01-19 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | 非黄変ガラス積層構造体 |
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| WO2018098074A1 (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2018-05-31 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Ultraviolet protective transparency |
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| US11440296B2 (en) | 2022-09-13 |
| EP3760600A4 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
| US20200391487A1 (en) | 2020-12-17 |
| KR20200128003A (ko) | 2020-11-11 |
| JP2023113729A (ja) | 2023-08-16 |
| CN116082989A (zh) | 2023-05-09 |
| TW201938664A (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
| MX2020008841A (es) | 2020-10-05 |
| JP7286537B2 (ja) | 2023-06-05 |
| JPWO2019168001A1 (ja) | 2021-01-07 |
| TWI797268B (zh) | 2023-04-01 |
| CN111757860A (zh) | 2020-10-09 |
| CN111757860B (zh) | 2023-02-28 |
| EP3760600A1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
| KR102790175B1 (ko) | 2025-04-03 |
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