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WO2019154583A1 - Tête de travail destinée à l'usinage de surfaces - Google Patents

Tête de travail destinée à l'usinage de surfaces Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019154583A1
WO2019154583A1 PCT/EP2019/050642 EP2019050642W WO2019154583A1 WO 2019154583 A1 WO2019154583 A1 WO 2019154583A1 EP 2019050642 W EP2019050642 W EP 2019050642W WO 2019154583 A1 WO2019154583 A1 WO 2019154583A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
working head
machined
laser beam
head according
optical components
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2019/050642
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Georg Greifzu
Torsten Kahl
Wolfgang Lippmann
Antonio Hurtado
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Original Assignee
Technische Universitaet Dresden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universitaet Dresden filed Critical Technische Universitaet Dresden
Priority to EP19700481.5A priority Critical patent/EP3749478A1/fr
Publication of WO2019154583A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019154583A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
    • B23K26/0732—Shaping the laser spot into a rectangular shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/361—Removing material for deburring or mechanical trimming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a working head for processing surfaces, in particular the removal of coating material. It can be used to remove contaminated coatings from surfaces.
  • An inventive working head can be used, for example, for stripping and cleaning painted concrete surfaces / unpainted, contaminated concrete surfaces.
  • For the surface removal of various materials by means of laser radiation a variety of methods and devices are already known in the art. These methods are used in a wide variety of industrial sectors. In nuclear engineering, however, these processes have remained as an idea or prototype.
  • the conventional systems used for laser processing consist of the following components. one
  • the laser beam is guided perpendicular to the machined surface. It can be partially or completely reflected. This reflection can lead to a destruction of the laser optics or the optical components. On the other hand, it can very easily lead to contamination of the laser optics or other optical components in this vertical arrangement. This contamination is generated by particles flaking off the machined surface or by process emissions arising. The particles dissolve by the applied impulse when flaking up in the direction of the optical components and can be deposited on this. The laser beam can interfere with the storage and thus tend to destroy the optical components. Other process emissions, such as Incineration residues, incompletely blocked particles and any organic compounds that may be formed can also form deposits as particles or coatings.
  • the working head according to the invention has significant differences from the already known technical solutions, which bring benefits for the Verwen tion and represent an extension of the current state of the art.
  • the working head is designed so that a laser beam is directed through optical components on a surface to be machined by the inside hollow working head. It is an aligned in the direction of a surface to be machined upper planar end face, which surrounds a respective bear to processing surface area and forms an opening on the working head exists.
  • the plane planar face is aligned so that a guided through the working head laser beam at an angle of at least 20 ° and a maximum of 70 ° incident on the surface to be machined.
  • the laser beam can be directed by the working head onto the surface to be processed at an angle of at least 20 ° and at most 70 °. Both alternatives can be combined with each other.
  • the laser beam is guided at a corresponding angle in said region into the working head and through it.
  • a laser beam can also be introduced perpendicular to the surface to be machined in the working head and at least one laser beam deflecting the La, in particular at least one reflective ele ment be influenced so that it impinges on the surface to be machined in this angular range.
  • the laser beam is not zent risch, but moved to the outer edge of the working head in its interior perpendicular to the surface to be machined until it impinges on a laser beam reflecting element and from this with an angle in the predetermined angular range to be machined Surface impinges within the surface area to be processed.
  • This angle ensures that no or only very few particles from the surface to be machined in the direction of the optical components BEWE conditions, as they are usually accelerated perpendicular to the surface to be machined, if they are affected by the surface to be machined by the energy of Laser beam to be accelerated.
  • Another advantage of this angle of incidence of the laser beam with respect to the surface to be processed be is that the laser beam can not be reflected in the optical components, but are moved into a defined area of the working head.
  • the working head is thereby also designed so that a direct or diffuse reflection of the laser beam neither the optical components he reach, nor can leave the working head.
  • the working head can thereby form a housing in which optical components for the guidance and shaping of a laser beam are accommodated. Additional Lich further devices may be arranged in the working head, with which an influence of the removal of coating material formed particles and protection of the optical components can be achieved.
  • At least one radially encircling sealing element may be present on the flat, planar end face, with which an escape of formed particles and there an undesirable entry of ambient air can be avoided.
  • inflow openings for ambient air may also be preferably formed at a distance from the surface to be processed and preferably between the surface to be processed and a particle retention device to which reference will be made later.
  • Inlet openings may be formed distributed over the circumference of the housing of the working head.
  • they are not aligned in the direction of the center or centroid of the interior of the working head, but at an obliquely inclined angle, so that a circulating de flow can form in the interior of the working head in this area.
  • Particularly preferably inflow openings can not be formed in a straight line through the housing wall of the working head but curved.
  • ambient air can be used for cooling and for transporting formed particles.
  • the working head should be designed in such a way that air from the environment can flow into the working head and prevent the working head from sticking to the wall.
  • this training ensures that no coarse particles, which may arise from the working head due to spalling of material (s) from the surface to be processed, for example from a concrete surface, can escape.
  • the exit of the laser beam, e.g. by unwanted reflection, can also be prevented by this geometric design of the working head, which is a critical aspect of laser protection.
  • the inflow of ambient air into the working head can be achieved by means of a compressor, which is connected on the suction side to a discharge, which is present at the working head.
  • Alone or in addition to incoming ambient air can be introduced via a Zumonition and a compressed gas in the working head. It may be inert gas or reactive gas. With a reactive gas chemical reactions with the free by the energy of the laser beam chemical components of a coating, which is formed on a surface to be machined can be achieved in order to avoid, for example by a toxicological or other risk (s) , For example, an oxidation reaction can be effected with oxygen. However, it is also possible to bind or to dissolve particles formed with the compressed gas. It is also a cooling of the surface to be machined and the exhaust air and an etching or sealing of the surface to be machined thereby possible.
  • the working head can be moved manually or automatically on a surface to be machined, so that the surface area to be machined, which can be changed continuously or successively in steps from the surface area to be machined on the surface to be machined with the end face of the machining head.
  • a working head which is at least partially formed of an optically transparent plastic, also allows a direct optical feedback via thermal radiation for the operator, who can get a feedback to the running process so safely.
  • the internal structure can be optimized and executed so that a stable process is possible.
  • the laser beam can be performed in a guide tube almost up to the surface to be machined.
  • the laser beam can be guided with an optical fiber into the guide tube or through the guide tube.
  • This guide tube can fulfill two functions.
  • compressed gas e.g. Compressed air or sucked ambient air with an overpressure in the direction of the surface to be working and thus be led away from the optical components.
  • Compressed gas or sucked ambient air also ensures that additional oxygen can reach the combustion location of coating material on the surface to be processed.
  • a flow profile is created in the working head so that the laser beam can pass undisturbed to the surface to be processed and no undefined turbulence can occur in the working head.
  • a particle retainer can be performed with an assembly that can perform multiple functions.
  • the possibly, preferably passing through the guide tube into the particle retention device particles can be deflected by a defined air curtain of two different Richtun conditions against each other flowing gas flows (cross-jets) by means of a compressed gas and blown back to the surface to be processed.
  • the cross jets should be defined so that a targeted cross flow is formed.
  • flow Rich tion and flow of the two gas streams flowing transversely to each other should be chosen so that they overlap in one area.
  • This area can be arranged within the guide tube between an optical protection and the surface to be processed. In this area can Particles moving in the direction of optical components are so distracted that they can not impinge on an optical component.
  • the particle retention device may be terminated by an optical protection.
  • the optical protection can be formed with one or more laser protection glasses which can be exchanged from outside the working head by a flap. This can prevent that particles, in particular radioactive particles, can get to optics components.
  • the laser protective glasses can be monitored for their correct function so that the failure or destruction, e.g. can be detected as a precaution by coupling the Laserstrah ment of contamination. For this purpose, both a pressure monitor and a photodiode used who the. This significantly increases the continuous use capability for the workhead.
  • the optical components can be arranged in a separate housing within the working head. This can be appropriate supply and Ablei lines u.a. for compressed air and the optical fiber (light guide cable) to be present. These should be designed so that particles can not penetrate into the housing and prevent contamination of the optical components. Thus, the optical components can be fully protected against the entry of particles and thus against contamination. Further use of the optical components at different locations is possible.
  • the working head should be equipped with a device that allows homogeneous suction.
  • This device can be formed for the uniform embossing of the flow in the working head. With this device can be ensured that there may be no accumulation of particles in the working head.
  • the homogeneous suction can be achieved by a strö mung technically optimized aperture, which can adjust the pressure drop over the radial profile of the working head so that a ho mogenes flow field.
  • the adjustment of the pressure loss can be achieved via openings (holes) with adapted free cross-sectional areas (diameters), which are distributed over the entire surface of the diaphragm. This design allows the pressure loss to be defined.
  • this aperture can just be used for a retention of too large particles in the working head. Too large and sharp-edged particles could damage filters that are installed in a work head subsequently arranged exhaust air purification system. These particles can be held by the exhaust air flow and the aperture in the working head, beitskopf removed with the exhaust air flow via a discharge from the Ar and thus no longer disturbing transported back into the process.
  • the diaphragm can form a particle retention device or be part of it.
  • apertures can be formed in the aperture with different sized free cross-sectional areas.
  • the Blen de is aligned in an angle relative to the surface to be machined Win angle
  • the free cross-sectional areas of für chungen which stood in the aperture starting from the side with the smallest from the surface to be machined successively ver down to the area of the aperture with the largest distance to the surface to be machined ver.
  • the number of openings and their free cross-sectional areas can be chosen so that it sets a uniform flow profile in Ar beitskopf. Breakthroughs with the same free cross-sectional area can be arranged on both sides of the Vorschubambaslegisachse of the working head, so that in relation to the feed axis axis sym metrical conditions can be achieved.
  • a smaller flow resistance can be achieved. It can be achieved as discharge in a suction pipe mounted on one side, that only in an upper region is sucked off half of the aperture.
  • the combination of evenly distributed flow cross sections right and left, as well as the reduction of the free cross-sectional areas from top to bottom can be used for a uniform flow velocity in the working head.
  • the highly exothermic process of surface decontamination generates temperatures of over 1000 ° C. These temperatures must be safely controlled and dissipated.
  • the necessary cooling can be achieved by sucking in ambient air. This ambient air can be supplied by at least one connection in the region of the end face with which the working head is to be machined on the surface during processing, as has already been explained. With supply air, which may be formed with ambient air and / or compressed gas, a Aus Kunststoffhomogenmaschine can be achieved.
  • an exhaust pipe can be connected to the working head.
  • the discharge can be assisted or achieved by a suction.
  • a circulating flow should set, which cools all construction parts inside sufficiently, so that an additional cooling is not necessary agile. This allows for a lighter and simpler construction without producing locally high temperatures.
  • a circulating flow may be formed along the inner wall of the working head. The process requirement from DE 10 2014 214 427 A1 can also be maintained.
  • the focal spot of the laser beam should advantageously be influenced with at least one of the optical components, so that it has a greater lateral extent than parallel to the Vorschubschisraum perpendicular to the feed movement direction of the working head.
  • the focal spot on the surface to be machined should at least approximately have a rectangular shape. This can be achieved, for example, with a cylindrical lens as a suitable optical component. It should preferably a ratio of length to width of the focal spot of at least 3 to 1, FITS of at least 5 to 1 be complied with and the focal spot have a length perpendicular to the feed axis of the working head, which is correspondingly greater than its width.
  • a measuring technique used on the working head can be used for distance and feed monitoring of the working head in relation to the surface to be machined.
  • the distance of the working head to the surface to be machined can be permanent or in be pre-determined intervals are monitored. If the distance becomes too great, eg as a result of misuse by the operator, the laser beam can be switched off automatically or a warning signal (optical and / or acoustic) can be generated.
  • a warning signal optical and / or acoustic
  • breakthroughs or pipe penetrations can be reliably detected in the surface to be processed. By switching off or warning signal generation, for example, in breakthroughs can republicge provides that the laser beam can not be irradiated in adjacent rooms.
  • the removal process can be monitored during processing.
  • the laser power can be reduced or increased.
  • at least one distance sensor and / or at least one optical and / or acoustic sensor can be part of the measurement technology.
  • An optical sensor for example, be designed so that it can possibly detect Ver in connection with an electronic evaluation unit, whether the surface to be processed sufficiently processed, for example, a Be coating has been sufficiently removed, or not.
  • Ver in connection with an electronic evaluation unit whether the surface to be processed sufficiently processed, for example, a Be coating has been sufficiently removed, or not.
  • This device differs from DE 10 2014 214 427 A1 in that not only the chemical concentrations are taken into account, but also the actual removal process can be monitored and regulated.
  • a further differentiation from DE 10 2014 214 427 A1 is that the measuring technique can be mounted directly on the working head with a second laser beam for fluorescence excitation for determining certain substances to be processed on the surface to be processed, such as PCBs.
  • the connection of the measuring technique to the working head can be done so that the second laser beam and a detector have direct optical access to the combustion chamber in the working head.
  • For constructed windows can be aligned in their position and angle so that the requirement of the orthogonal position ensures each other and the angle of the laser on the surface to be machined can be optimally adjusted to the requirements of the measuring system.
  • the working head itself can advantageously be modular and formed from three individual segments. These segments can be easily and completely dismantled and cleaned. This can be a slight
  • the first segment 1 may be the actual working head in which the removal takes place. It is thermally heavily loaded.
  • the second segment 2 may be a lock, which can form the connec tion piece between the working head and the encapsulated optical components.
  • the third segment may include the optics components. Optical components can be, for example, reflective and beam-shaping optical elements which are arranged in the beam path of the laser beam.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of an example of inventions to the invention working head.
  • Figure 1 shows an inventive example of a working head, which is hollow inside and in which a plurality of components are included, in a view perpendicular to the Vorschubiolosachsraum the working head.
  • the flat planar end face 11, with which the working head can be manually placed on a machined tend surface by an operator to engages a machined surface area of a surface to be machined and is at an angle a between 20 ° and 70 ° with respect to aligned surface.
  • the laser beam in this case of game through the optical fiber 2 optical components 4 for the beam guidance and shaping a protective glass 5 and a separate here Particle retention device 6 and a guide tube 7 on a surface to be processed through the opening, which is formed with the end face 11 is directed, impinges on the surface to be machined with a com plementary angle to a and accordingly not perpendicular.
  • Laser radiation reflected at the surface to be processed can not impinge directly on the sensitive components and devices arranged in the beam path of the laser beam.
  • compressed air is supplied through the draft tube 7 to the working surface, the compressed air flows parallel to the laser beam. After exiting the guide tube 7, the compressed air flows to the surface and into the space between the surface to be working and the particle retention device 6 and the Blen de 9. In this room, the compressed air mixed with intake ambient air. Ambient air can be introduced via inlet openings, which are above the surface to be machined and the end face 11 in the space 8. In space 8 compressed air, ambient air (possibly also a compressed process gases) and the Abtrag area that have been removed from the machined border surface with the energy of the laser beam, with each other.
  • a diaphragm 9 is provided, are formed in the not illustrated imputed form perforations.
  • the apertures are arranged and dimensioned with their free cross sections and designed such that the compressed air 1 introduced into the particle retention device 6 can flow into the space 8 which is formed between the aperture 9 and the surface area to be machined. With the aperture 9 larger particles can be held back. As a result, formed angular particles of a downstream filter assembly, the life of the filter material, which is disposed after the exhaust pipe 10, increased.
  • a discharge 10 for exhaust air 3 from the working head is present, which can be connected to the suction side of a compressor, not shown, and possibly a filter device.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une tête de travail destinée à l'usinage de surfaces, notamment à l'enlèvement de matériau de revêtement, avec laquelle un rayon laser est orienté par des composants optiques (2, 4, 5 et 7) sur une surface à usiner à travers la tête de travail creuse à l'intérieur. Une face frontale (11) planaire plane orientée en direction d'une surface à usiner, laquelle entoure une zone de surface respectivement à usiner et forme une ouverture de la tête de travail, est présente sur la tête de travail et orientée de telle sorte qu'un rayon laser guidé à travers la tête de travail est incident sur la surface à usiner sous un angle minimal de 20° et maximal de 70°. Seul ou en complément à cela, le rayon laser peut être orienté par la tête de travail sur la surface à usiner avec un angle minimal de 20° et maximal de 70°.
PCT/EP2019/050642 2018-02-06 2019-01-11 Tête de travail destinée à l'usinage de surfaces Ceased WO2019154583A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19700481.5A EP3749478A1 (fr) 2018-02-06 2019-01-11 Tête de travail destinée à l'usinage de surfaces

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018201803.0 2018-02-06
DE102018201803.0A DE102018201803A1 (de) 2018-02-06 2018-02-06 Arbeitskopf zur Bearbeitung von Oberflächen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019154583A1 true WO2019154583A1 (fr) 2019-08-15

Family

ID=65019517

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2019/050642 Ceased WO2019154583A1 (fr) 2018-02-06 2019-01-11 Tête de travail destinée à l'usinage de surfaces

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3749478A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018201803A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019154583A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020214560B4 (de) 2020-11-19 2022-07-14 Thyssenkrupp Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bearbeiten eines oder mehrerer Werkstücke mittels eines Laserstrahls

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4347785A (en) * 1979-03-07 1982-09-07 Crosfield Electronics Limited Engraving printing cylinders
US6056827A (en) * 1996-02-15 2000-05-02 Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute Laser decontamination method
JP2000317668A (ja) * 1999-05-17 2000-11-21 Fuji Electric Co Ltd レーザー加工方法およびその装置
WO2008118365A1 (fr) * 2007-03-22 2008-10-02 General Lasertronics Corporation Procédés de décapage et de modification de surfaces par ablation induite par laser
DE102007023418A1 (de) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-20 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Aufrauen von Oberflächen für die spätere Aufbringung von Spritzschichten
DE102008030783B3 (de) * 2008-06-28 2009-08-13 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren zum Laserstrahlschrägschneiden und Laserbearbeitungsmaschine
DE102014214427A1 (de) 2014-07-23 2016-01-28 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abtragen einer Beschichtung von einer Oberfläche eines Basiswerkstoffs
DE102014112803A1 (de) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Odelo Gmbh Verfahren zum Laserschneiden von Fahrzeugleuchten und/oder Bauteilen von Fahrzeugleuchten, insbesondere Lichtscheiben von Fahrzeugleuchten

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4347785A (en) * 1979-03-07 1982-09-07 Crosfield Electronics Limited Engraving printing cylinders
US6056827A (en) * 1996-02-15 2000-05-02 Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute Laser decontamination method
JP2000317668A (ja) * 1999-05-17 2000-11-21 Fuji Electric Co Ltd レーザー加工方法およびその装置
WO2008118365A1 (fr) * 2007-03-22 2008-10-02 General Lasertronics Corporation Procédés de décapage et de modification de surfaces par ablation induite par laser
DE102007023418A1 (de) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-20 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Aufrauen von Oberflächen für die spätere Aufbringung von Spritzschichten
DE102008030783B3 (de) * 2008-06-28 2009-08-13 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh + Co. Kg Verfahren zum Laserstrahlschrägschneiden und Laserbearbeitungsmaschine
DE102014214427A1 (de) 2014-07-23 2016-01-28 Technische Universität Dresden Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abtragen einer Beschichtung von einer Oberfläche eines Basiswerkstoffs
DE102014112803A1 (de) * 2014-09-05 2016-03-10 Odelo Gmbh Verfahren zum Laserschneiden von Fahrzeugleuchten und/oder Bauteilen von Fahrzeugleuchten, insbesondere Lichtscheiben von Fahrzeugleuchten

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3749478A1 (fr) 2020-12-16
DE102018201803A1 (de) 2019-08-08

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