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WO2019151639A1 - Dispositif de commande de fréquence de décalage pour maintenir différentes qualités de fréquence dans un système de micro-réseau multiple de type indépendant, et système de micro-réseau multiple de type indépendant l'utilisant - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande de fréquence de décalage pour maintenir différentes qualités de fréquence dans un système de micro-réseau multiple de type indépendant, et système de micro-réseau multiple de type indépendant l'utilisant Download PDF

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WO2019151639A1
WO2019151639A1 PCT/KR2018/015695 KR2018015695W WO2019151639A1 WO 2019151639 A1 WO2019151639 A1 WO 2019151639A1 KR 2018015695 W KR2018015695 W KR 2018015695W WO 2019151639 A1 WO2019151639 A1 WO 2019151639A1
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Prior art keywords
controller
frequency
output
current
link voltage
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
김학만
유형준
느웬타이탄
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Incheon National University INU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/14—Energy storage units

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drop frequency controller for maintaining different frequency qualities in a standalone multiple microgrid system and a standalone multiple microgrid system using the same.
  • DGs Distributed generations based on renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power plants are receiving more attention due to their environmentally friendly nature.
  • DGs micro-grids
  • ESS energy storage systems
  • MMG multi-microgrid
  • frequency fluctuations caused by output fluctuations of the DGs can be reduced due to power exchange with adjacent MG systems, and economical benefits can be obtained by operating a standalone MMG system with different frequency characteristics.
  • a hierarchical control structure consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary levels must be properly designed to operate a standalone MMG system with different frequency characteristics stably and efficiently. At this time, the lower system receives the upper control signal from the upper system.
  • the primary control level has the fastest control capability to ensure reference tracking performance of voltage and frequency.
  • Secondary control levels are designed to ensure power quality while controlling to reduce voltage and frequency errors within the required range [13].
  • the design of the primary and secondary control levels is important because the primary and secondary control levels play an important role in keeping the system frequency within tolerance.
  • a multi-layered structure for voltage and frequency control of MMG systems has been proposed in [20]-[24], and the third control level is responsible for power distribution between adjacent MGs to recover MG frequency and voltage.
  • distribution-interline power flow controllers are used to connect adjacent MGs and manage power exchange to optimally operate multiple adjacent MGs.
  • a multi-purpose optimization that has been considered has been proposed to tune several MGs.
  • the optimization problem fits the hourly system schedule.
  • these studies did not present primary and secondary control levels.
  • the proposed drop control strategy determines the power flow between two MGs based on the overload condition and the unload condition.
  • the load condition is defined by comparing the measured frequency with the threshold frequency. This concept is also presented in [28]-[30] to demonstrate the frequency control performance of two MGs.
  • the disadvantage of this control strategy is that power distribution is inactive when the frequency deviation is small.
  • the communication network must transmit frequency information to the controller.
  • a distributed control scheme for managing power exchange between standalone MGs has been proposed.
  • the proposed distributed controller regulates power flow through a back-to-back (BTB) converter by monitoring the frequency deviation of adjacent microgrids using a communication network.
  • BTB back-to-back
  • Non-Patent Document 1 S. Chanda and A. K. Srivastava, "Defining and Enabling Resiliency of Electric Distribution Systems With Multiple Microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 2859-2868, Nov. 2016.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 (Non-Patent Document 2) [2] D. E. Olivares et al., "Trends in Microgrid Control,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1905-1919, May 2014.
  • Non-Patent Document 3 [3] Y.-S. Kim, E.-S. Kim, and S.-I. Moon, "Frequency and Voltage Control Strategy of Standalone Microgrids With High Penetration of Intermittent Renewable Generation Systems," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., Vol. 31, no. 1 pp. 718-728, Jan. 2016.
  • Non-Patent Document 4 J. Suh, D.-H. Yoon, Y.-S. Cho, and G. Jang, "Flexible Frequency Operation Strategy of Power System with High Renewable Penetration," IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 192-199, 2017.
  • Non-Patent Document 5 (Non-Patent Document 5) [5] Z. Li, M. Shahidehpour, F. Aminifar, A. Alabdulwahab and Y. Al-Turki, "Networked Microgrids for Enhancing the Power System Resilience," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 105, no. 7, pp. 1289-1310, July 2017.
  • Non-Patent Document 6 (Non-Patent Document 6) [6] J. M. Guerrero, M. Chandorkar, T. L. Lee and P. C. Loh, "Advanced Control Architectures for Intelligent Microgrids-Part I: Decentralized and Hierarchical Control," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1254-1262, April 2013.
  • Non-Patent Document 7 (Non-Patent Document 7) [7] A. Bidram and A. Davoudi, "Hierarchical Structure of Microgrids Control System,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1963-1976, Dec. 2012.
  • Non-Patent Document 8 [8] TL Vandoorn, JC Vasquez, J. De Kooning, JM Guerrero and L. Vandevelde, "Microgrids: Hierarchical Control and an Overview of the Control and Reserve Management Strategies," IEEE Industrial Elec-tronics Magazine , vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 42-55, Dec. 2013.
  • Non-Patent Document 9 V. H. Bui, A. Hussain, and H. M. Kim, "A Multiagent-Based Hierarchical Energy Management Strategy for Multi-Microgrids Considering Adjustable Power and Demand Response," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, (accepted for publication).
  • Non-Patent Document 10 (Non-Patent Document 10) [10] A. Hussain, V. H. Bui, and H. M. Kim, “A Resilient and Privacy-Preserving Energy Management Strategy for Networked Microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, (accepted for publication).
  • Non-Patent Document 11 M. Marzband, F. Azarinejadian, M. Savaghebi, and JM Guerrero, "An Optimal Energy Management System for Islanded Microgrids Based on Multiperiod Artificial Bee Colony Combined with Markov Chain," IEEE Systems Journal, (accepted for publication).
  • Non-Patent Document 12 J. Wu and X. Guan, "Coordinated Multi-Microgrids Optimal Control Algorithm for Smart Distribution Management System," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 2174-2181, Dec. 2013.
  • Non-Patent Document 13 J. M. Guerrero, J. C. Vasquez, J. Matas, L. G. de Vicuna and M. Castilla, "Hierarchical Control of Droop-Controlled AC and DC Microgrids-A General Approach Toward Standardization," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 158-172, Jan. 2011.
  • Non-Patent Document 14 M. Marzband, S. S. Ghazimirsaeid, H. Uppal, and T. Fernando. "A Real-Time Evaluation of Energy Management Systems for Smart Hybrid Home Microgrids.” Electric Power Systems Research vol. 143, pp. 624-633, 2017.
  • Non-Patent Document 15 [15] N. Nikiolo and S. Najafi Ravadanegh, "Optimal Power Dispatch of Multi-Microgrids at Future Smart Distribution Grids," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1648-1657, July 2015.
  • Non-Patent Document 16 M. Marzband, N. Parhizi, M. Savaghebi and J. M. Guerrero, "Distributed Smart Decision-Making for a Multimicrogrid System Based on a Hier-archical Interactive Architecture," IEEE Trans. Energy Conver., Vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 637-648, June 2016.
  • Non-Patent Document 17 [17] Z. Xu, P. Yang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zeng, C. Zheng and J. Peng, "Control Devices Development of Multi-Microgrids Based on Hierarchical Structure,” IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 10, no. 16, pp. 249-4256, 2016.
  • Non-Patent Document 18 M. Marzband, M. Javadi, JL Dominguez-Garcia and M. Mirhosseini Moghaddam, "Non-Cooperative Game Theory Based Energy Manage-ment Systems For Energy District In The Retail Market Considering DER Uncertainties, "IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 2999-3009, 2016.
  • Non-Patent Document 19 [19] Z. Wang, B. Chen, J. Wang and J. kim, "Decentralized Energy Management System for Networked Microgrids in Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes," IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1097-1105, March 2016.
  • Non-Patent Document 20 [20] R. Zamora; A. K. Srivastava, “Multi-Layer Architecture for Voltage and Frequency Control in Networked Microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, (accepted for publication).
  • Non-Patent Document 21 C. Yuen, A. Oudalov and A. Timbus, "The Provision of Frequency Control Reserves From Multiple Microgrids," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 173-183, Jan. 2011.
  • Non-Patent Document 22 [22] A. G. Madureira, J. C. Pereira, N. J. Gil, J. A. P. Lopes, G. N. Korres, N. D. Hatziargyriou, "Advanced Control and Management Functionalities for Multi-Microgrids", Eur. Trans. Elect. Power, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 1159-1177, 2011.
  • Non-Patent Document 23 S. A. Arefifar; M. Ordonez; Y. Mohamed, “Voltage and Current Con-trollability in Multi-Microgrid Smart Distribution Systems,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, (accepted for publication).
  • Non-Patent Document 24 [24] M. H. Cintuglu; O. A. Mohammed, “Behavior Modeling and Auction Architecture of Networked Microgrids for Frequency Support,” IEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics, (accepted for publication).
  • Non-Patent Document 25 [25] A. Kargarian and M. Rahmani, “Multi-Microgrid Energy Systems Oper-ation Incorporating Distribution-Interline Power Flow Controller,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., Vol. 129, pp. 208-216, 2015.
  • Non-Patent Document 26 [26] IU Nutkani, PC Loh, P. Wang, TK Jet, and F. Blaabjerg, "Intertied AC-AC Microgrids with Autonomous Power Import and Export,” In-ternational Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 65, pp. 385-393, 2015.
  • Non-Patent Document 27 [27] I. U. Nutkani, P. C. Loh and F. Blaabjerg, "Distributed Operation of Interlinked AC Microgrids with Dynamic Active and Reactive Power Tuning," IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 2188-2196, Sept.-Oct. 2013.
  • Non-Patent Document 28 M. Goyal and G. Arindam. "Microgrids Interconnection to Support Mutually During Any Contingency.” Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks vol. 6, pp. 100-108, 2016.
  • Non-Patent Document 29 M. Khederzadeh, H. Maleki, and V. Asgharian, “Frequency Control Improvement of two Adjacent Microgrids in Autonomous Mode Using Back To Back Voltage-Sourced Converters,” International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, vol. 74, pp. 126-133, 2016.
  • Non-Patent Document 30 I. U. Nutkani, P. C. Loh and F. Blaabjerg, "Power Flow Control of Inter-tied AC Microgrids,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 1329-1338, August 2013.
  • Non-Patent Document 31 M. J. Hossain et al., “Design of Robust Distributed Control for Inter-connected Microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 2724-2735, 2016.
  • Non-Patent Document 32 [32] R. Majumder and G. Bag, “Parallel Operation of Converter Interfaced Multiple Microgrids,” International Journal of Electrical Power & En-ergy Systems, vol. 55, pp. 486-496, Feb. 2014.
  • Non-Patent Document 33 [33] W. Liu, W. Gu, Y. Xu, Y. Wang, and K. Zhang, "General Distributed Secondary Control for Multi-Microgrids with both PQ-Controlled and Droop-Controlled Distributed Generators , "IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., Vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 707-718, 2017.
  • Non-Patent Document 34 N. Nikroid and S. Najafi Ravadanegh, "Reliability Evaluation of Mul-ti-Microgrids Considering Optimal Operation of Small Scale Energy Zones Under Load-Generation Uncertainties," Int. J. Electr. Power En-ergy Syst., Vol. 78, pp. 80-87, 2016.
  • Non-Patent Document 35 C. Klumpner, M. Liserre, and F. Blaabjerg, "Improved Control of an Active-front-end Adjustable Speed Drive with a Small dc-Link Capacitor under real grid conditions," in Proc . IEEE PESC, 2004, pp. 1156-1162.
  • Non-Patent Document 36 X. Lu et al., “Hierarchical Control of Parallel AC-DC Converter Inter-faces for Hybrid Microgrids”, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 683-692, Mar. 2014.
  • the present invention uses local information such as the frequency of the micro grid and the DC link voltage to control the associated converter to adjust the effective power sharing between the DC link voltage and each micro grid to achieve different frequency quality.
  • the present invention provides a drop frequency controller for maintaining different frequency qualities in a standalone multiple micro grid system.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, different frequency in the stand-alone multiple micro-grid system to reduce the installation cost as well as provide a flexible frequency and voltage advantage by reducing the number of associated converters To provide a standalone multiple micro grid system using a drop frequency controller to maintain quality.
  • a plurality of micro grid A plurality of converters positioned between each microgrid and a common DC line to convert alternating current into direct current; And a plurality of drop frequency controllers for controlling each of the associated converters so that a change in a corresponding DC link voltage of a common DC line and a system frequency of the corresponding micro grid are proportional.
  • the drop frequency control unit for outputting the DC link voltage deviation by calculating the normalized frequency deviation by receiving the system frequency in the corresponding micro grid;
  • a power controller configured to generate a reference current such that the DC link voltage follows a voltage obtained by adding a DC link voltage command to the DC link voltage deviation output from the drop frequency controller;
  • a current controller for outputting a modulated signal to a corresponding associated converter so that a terminal current follows the reference current output from the power controller, and a drop frequency controller is provided to maintain different frequency qualities in the independent multi-micro grid system.
  • the present invention proposes a structure of an MMG system in which the number of interlinking converters (ICs) is reduced.
  • the proposed structure is based on the DC connection with the use of an AC / DC converter, the associated converter, to link adjacent MGs.
  • the proposed MMG structure not only provides the advantages of flexible frequency and voltage, but also reduces the installation cost.
  • An IC with the proposed controller can regulate the effective amount of power between the DC link voltage and each MG.
  • the proposed drop frequency controller regulates power flow between each MG using local information such as system frequency and DC link voltage. Thus, a communication network is not necessary for the proposed drop frequency controller.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a standalone multiple microgrid system using a drop frequency controller for maintaining different frequency qualities in a standalone multiple microgrid system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a linked converter used in the present invention.
  • 3 is a graph showing the characteristics of normalized frequency deviation.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating characteristics of a drop frequency controller for maintaining different frequency qualities in a standalone multiple micro grid system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a drop frequency controller for maintaining different frequency qualities in a standalone multiple micro grid system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows an I / O exchange signal between the DSP and OP5600 for MG1 of the MMG system.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating verification for sensitivity analysis.
  • Figure 11 shows the deviation of the DC capacitor of the drop frequency controller according to the present invention.
  • Figure 13 illustrates power sharing between MGs using a drop frequency controller in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates ESS power using a drop frequency controller according to the present invention.
  • 17 shows wind speed and wind power output of the MG1 and MG2 systems.
  • Figure 19 shows the DC link voltage of the drop frequency controller of the present invention.
  • 20 shows power sharing between respective MGs, (a) shows IC1, (b) shows IC2, and (c) shows IC3.
  • 21 and 22 show the frequency deviation of each MG when the three drop gains of the three ICs are 5 and 15, respectively.
  • MMG system can bring the benefits of investment costs. However, because they are based on AC line connections, the frequency of all microgrids remains the same due to synchronization.
  • a method for connecting adjacent MGs using a back-to-back converter (BTB) to individually adjust the MG frequencies is presented in [25]-[32].
  • Interfaces between adjacent MGs through BTB converters can improve system stability due to power exchange capability with adjacent MGs.
  • the present invention proposes a structure of a standalone MMG system based on a DC line connection as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a standalone multiple microgrid system using a drop frequency controller for maintaining different frequency qualities in a standalone multiple microgrid system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a standalone multiple microgrid system using a drop frequency controller for maintaining different frequency qualities in a standalone multiple microgrid system includes a plurality of microgrids MG 1 to MG n . (10-1 to 10-n) and a plurality of associated converters (IC 1 to IC n ), which are located between the respective micro grids (MG 1 to MG n ) and a common DC line to convert alternating current into direct current ( 20-1 to 20-n) and each of the associated converters IC 1 to IC n to control the change of the corresponding DC link voltage of the common DC line and the frequency of the corresponding micro grids MG1 to MGn.
  • a plurality of drop frequency controllers 30-1 to 30-n are provided.
  • Each MG 10-1-10-n is connected to a common DC line through a corresponding AC / DC linked converter (IC) 20-1-20-n.
  • IC AC / DC linked converter
  • Z 1 ⁇ Z n represents the DC line impedance.
  • the associated converter (IC) 20-1 to 20-n is in charge of auxiliary frequency control.
  • the number of interlocking converters (ICs) 20-1 to 20-n in the proposed standalone MMG system can be reduced compared to previous MMG systems. Also, because of the DC line connections, the synchronization scheme can be ignored.
  • each MG 10-1 to 10-3 are considered to be different frequency fluctuation ranges.
  • the rated frequency of each MG 10-1 to 10-3 is 60 Hz. Although the rated frequencies of the three MGs 10-1 to 10-3 are assumed to be the same, each MG 10-1 is not affected without affecting the proper functioning of the proposed drop frequency controllers 30-1 to 30-3. You can set a different value for ⁇ 10-3).
  • MG 1 (10-1) with a relatively high quality frequency can tolerate a change of ⁇ 0.2 Hz, while MG 3 (10-3) with a relatively low quality frequency will operate at a frequency deviation of ⁇ 0.6 Hz. Assume that you can.
  • the load on the MG 2 (10-2) operates at ⁇ 0.4 Hz, the intermediate frequency.
  • the three MGs 10-1 to 10-3 are connected to a common DC line with a rated voltage of 800V with a line impedance of 0.1 ⁇ .
  • Each MG 10-1-10-3 includes a synchronous generator (SG), an energy storage system (ESS), and a local load.
  • SG synchronous generator
  • ESS energy storage system
  • the performance of SG and ESS is 200 kVA and 150 kVA, respectively.
  • Nominal load is equal to 200 kW.
  • the three MGs 10-1 to 10-3 have the same parameters except for the load type.
  • each drop frequency controller 20-1 to 20-n is applied to IC i 20-1 to 20-n connecting MG i 10-1 to 10-n to a common DC line.
  • the schematic diagram of the associated converter (IC i ) 20-1 to 20-n is an insulated gate bipolar transistor bridge 21, DC link capacitor 22 and inductor L and a resistor as shown in FIG. It consists of the filter 23 provided with R. As shown in FIG.
  • the AC or DC power source can be converted into an associated converter (IC i ) 20-1 to 20-n. According to the power balance between AC and DC, the following equation (1).
  • the power P DCi facing the DC link capacitor 22 of the associated converter 20-1 to 20-n is equal to the power P ti flowing into the filter 23 through the insulated gate bipolar transistor bridge 21.
  • V DCi is the DC link voltage
  • i ext_i is the direct current
  • Ci is the capacitance of capacitor 22
  • e di is the terminal effective voltage
  • e qi is the terminal reactive voltage
  • i di is the terminal effective current.
  • i qi is terminal reactive current.
  • Equation 1 For small disturbances around the equilibrium point, small signal linearization in Equation 1 leads to:
  • V DCi DC link voltage
  • i di current component
  • Equation 3 shows that disturbance v DCi causes disturbance of the terminal effective current component corresponding to the AC power delivered to MG i .
  • Equations (2) and (3) hats denote disturbance signals, uppercase letters V, E, and I represent direct current components, and lowercase letters v, i, and e represent alternating current components.
  • the change in AC power of MG i affects the change in frequency. Therefore, in the MMG system, the system frequency of MG i can also be adjusted by the change of the DC link voltage v DCi , that is, the deviation ⁇ V DCi of the DC link voltage.
  • the frequency deviation of MG i is converted into a normalized frequency deviation ⁇ f i to obtain a unique value for every MG.
  • the characteristic of the normalized frequency deviation based on Equation 5 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the normalized frequency deviation is increased when the maximum frequency deviation is reduced.
  • the normalized frequency deviation is directly proportional to the deviation ⁇ V DCi of the DC capacitor voltage (ie, DC link voltage) of ICi, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • power delivery to MG i is proportional to the disturbance of the DC capacitor voltage of IC i .
  • standalone MGs with high quality frequencies can receive more power than MGs with low quality frequencies.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a drop frequency controller for maintaining different frequency qualities in a standalone multiple micro grid system according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • a drop frequency controller 100, a power controller 200, and a current controller 300 for maintaining different frequency qualities in a standalone multiple micro grid system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. It includes.
  • the drop frequency controller 100 includes a normalizer 110 and an amplifier 120.
  • the power control unit 200 is composed of the active power control unit 210 and the reactive power control unit 220.
  • the active power control unit 210 includes a first subtractor 212 and a first proportional integral controller 214, and the reactive power control unit 220 controls the second subtractor 222 and the second proportional integral controller 224. Equipped.
  • the current controller 300 includes an active current controller 310 and a reactive current controller 320.
  • the active current controller 310 includes a third subtractor 312, a third proportional integral controller 314, and a first adder 316, and the reactive current controller 320 includes a fourth subtractor 322 and a fourth.
  • a proportional integration controller 324 and a second adder 326 are provided.
  • the normalizer 110 receives a system frequency from a corresponding microgrid MG and outputs a normalized frequency deviation ⁇ f i .
  • the amplifier 120 outputs a multiple of the normalized frequency deviation by multiplying the normalized frequency deviation by a proportional constant k i , which corresponds to the DC link voltage deviation.
  • the power controller 200 generates and outputs a reference current such that the DC link voltage follows the voltage obtained by adding the DC link voltage command to the DC link voltage deviation output from the drop frequency controller 100.
  • the active power control unit 210 adds the DC link voltage command V * DCi to the DC link voltage deviation ⁇ V DCi output from the droop frequency control unit 100, subtracts the DC link voltage V DCi, and controls the proportional-integral reference. Output the active current i drefi .
  • the first subtractor 212 of the active power control unit 210 adds the DC link voltage command V * DCi to the DC link voltage deviation output from the droop frequency control unit 100, and subtracts and outputs the DC link voltage V DCi . .
  • the first proportional integral controller 214 proportionally-integrates the output voltage of the first subtractor 212 to generate and output a reference effective current i drefi of the reference current.
  • the reactive power control unit 220 adds the reactive power command Q * i , subtracts the reactive power Q i, and controls the proportional-integral to output the reference reactive current i qrefi of the reference current.
  • Second subtractor 222 of this reactive power controller 220 and outputs by adding the reactive power command Q * and i, subtracts the reactive power Q i.
  • the second proportional integral controller 224 proportionally-integrates the output voltage of the second subtractor 222 to generate and output a reference reactive current i qrefi .
  • the current controller 300 is a cooperative converter 20-1 to a modulation signal u di so that the terminal current i di follows the reference current i drefi output from the power controller 200. 20-n).
  • the active current control unit 310 of the current control unit 300 corresponds to the associated converter 20-1 to 20-n corresponding to the effective modulation signal so that the effective terminal current follows the effective reference current of the active power control unit 210.
  • the third subtractor 312 of the active current control unit 310 subtracts the effective terminal current from the effective reference current output from the active power control unit 210 and outputs the subtracted effective terminal current.
  • the third proportional integral controller 314 of the active current controller 310 outputs the proportional-integral control of the output of the third subtractor 312.
  • the first adder 316 of the active current controller 310 adds the effective terminal voltage to the output voltage of the third proportional integration controller 314 to generate an effective modulated signal.
  • the reactive current controller 320 of the current controller 300 sends an invalid modulated signal to the associated converter 20-1 to 20-n so that the reactive terminal current follows the reactive reference current of the reactive power controller 210.
  • the fourth subtractor 312 of the reactive current controller 320 subtracts the reactive terminal current from the reactive reference current output from the reactive power controller 220 and outputs the subtracted reactive current.
  • the fourth proportional integral controller 324 of the reactive current controller 320 outputs the proportional-integral control of the output of the fourth subtractor 322.
  • the second adder 326 of the reactive current controller 320 adds the invalid terminal voltage to the output voltage of the fourth proportional integration controller 324 to generate an invalid modulated signal.
  • the current controller 300 generates the effective modulated signal u di and the invalid modulated signal u qi as shown in Equations 6 and 7.
  • k pc is a proportional constant of the third proportional integral controller 314 and the fourth proportional integral controller 324
  • k ic is an integral of the third proportional integral controller 314 and the fourth proportional integral controller 324. Is a constant.
  • the effective reference current i drefi and the reactive reference current i qrefi of the reference current are generated by the active power controller 210 and the reactive power controller 220 of the power controller 200 as follows.
  • k pv is a proportional constant of the first proportional integral controller 214 and k iv is an integral constant of the first proportional integral controller 214.
  • K p is a proportional constant of the second proportional integral controller 224 and k i is an integral constant of the second proportional integral controller 224.
  • the proposed drop frequency controller causes variation of the DC link voltage as shown in Equation 10.
  • the proposed drop frequency controller is based on small deviation of DC link voltage to exchange power with adjacent MGs. Since local information such as system frequency f i and terminal DC link voltage v DCi is used in the proposed controller, autonomous power sharing can be achieved without a communication network.
  • the DSP receives analog signals from the OP5600, such as the measured three-phase voltage and current and the measured DC capacitor voltage.
  • the PWM signal generated by the DSP is sent to IC 1 of the OP5600.
  • the configuration of other MGs in the MMG system is the same. The overall experimental setup of the MMG system is shown in FIG.
  • the MMG system is modeled on the OP5600, but the proposed frequency control is implemented on the DSP platform.
  • the rapid control prototyping platform (OP8665) with DSP TMS-320F-28335 can run three converters consisting of three MGs (IC 1 , IC 2 and IC 3 ). Three computers are used to implement three DSP-based controllers. Each MG system consists of an ESS using the existing MG system.
  • the difference in frequency characteristics reduces frequency control with different drop gains.
  • the drop controller of the ESS is implemented in the RT-Lab environment.
  • FIG. 8 shows the experimental result when the drop gain k 1 was changed from 0 to 20.
  • FIG. This figure shows the three-phase current and the DC capacitor voltage.
  • the DC capacitor voltage is stably adjusted when the drop gains k 1 are 0, 5, 10 and 15.
  • the real-time simulator (OP5600), which can interface with three DSPs, is used to simulate the MMG system.
  • the first load of 40kW MG 1 suddenly increases and decreases the frequency of the MG 1.
  • a 40kW load of the MG 2 is cut off to increase the frequency of the MG 2.
  • a 40kW load of the MG 3 is connected to the MG MG 3 3 decreases the frequency.
  • the frequency deviation of the MMG system is much smaller when the proposed drop frequency controller is applied.
  • the maximum frequency deviation control of MG 1 is 0.06 Hz, while this deviation is equal to 0.13 Hz for conventional P / f control.
  • MG 1 requires the highest frequency quality in the range of ⁇ 0.2 Hz and MG 3 requires the lowest frequency quality in the range of ⁇ 0.6 Hz. It can be seen from FIG. 9 that the frequency deviation of MG 1 is small but the frequency deviation of MG 3 is largest. MG 1 is always maintained at a high quality frequency when the proposed drop frequency control is applied.
  • Adjacent MGs may support the obstructed MGs.
  • the MG 1 frequency deviation is improved when the proposed drop frequency controller is used. There may be small frequency deviations in adjacent MGs during disturbance, but the frequency change of adjacent MGs is still in the acceptable variation range. By gradually connecting the stand-alone MGs, the frequency deviation of adjacent MGs during disturbance can be greatly reduced.
  • the disturbance of the DC capacitor voltages of the three ICs according to the load change is shown in FIG.
  • the drop gain k 1 for drop control of IC 1 has the highest value of 15, resulting in the lowest DC capacitor voltage.
  • the current sharing between adjacent MGs is shown in FIG. 12 and the corresponding power sharing is shown in FIG. 13.
  • the positive value of the power represents the received power from the adjacent MG.
  • the 40 kW load of MG 1 is connected. Due to the proposed control, MG 1 receives 20 kW from two adjacent MGs, which results in a decrease in the ESS power as shown in FIG. 15.
  • IC 1 is responsible for DC line voltage regulation, thus enabling power sharing between each MG in the first scenario.
  • ESS1 generates 40 kW to compensate for the load change in 5 seconds as shown in FIG.
  • surplus power is transferred from MG 2 to MG 1
  • the MG 1 has passed the power to the MG 3 to 15 seconds because of a lack of power of the MG 3 when connected to a 40kW load MG 3. It can be seen that only MG 1 can support disturbance of adjacent MGs, whereas two adjacent MGs do not support each other when conventional P / f is used.
  • IC 1 plays an important role in MMG systems using conventional P / f drop control. In contrast, in an MMG system with the proposed control, the role of each IC is equally important. When the proposed drop frequency control is applied, all MGs can support each other during disturbance.
  • the ESS of the MMG system with the proposed control can supply less power than when using the conventional P / f control. It can be seen that the energy storage of adjacent MGs with the proposed frequency control can be effectively shared.
  • the ESS rating of each MG can be reduced.
  • the prevalence of RES can be increased due to the energy conservation exchange between each MG.
  • the MG 1 and MG 2 systems require high quality frequencies that can limit the spread of wind power.
  • This section shows the control performance of the proposed controller when the wind generator is included in the MG 1 and MG 2 systems. Wind generators based on induction generators are used for simplicity.
  • the MG frequency of the MMG system with the proposed control and conventional P / f control is shown in FIG. 18.
  • Fluctuations in wind power will cause frequency deviation deviations in the MG 1 and MG 2 systems.
  • the wind power generation of the MG 1 and MG 2 systems causes the MG 3 frequency to oscillate slightly. Although there is some variation in the MG frequency, the frequency deviation is smaller when the proposed drop frequency controller is applied. When using the proposed controller, the spread of wind power can be increased due to small fluctuations in MG frequency.
  • Variation of the MG frequency causes a deviation of the DC link voltage as shown in FIG. 19. Since the terminal voltages of the three ICs are different, as shown in FIG. 20, power distribution between the three MGs can be achieved autonomously.
  • the greater deviation of the DC link voltage at IC 2 results in power being transferred from the MG 3 system to other MGs.
  • the DC link voltages of the three ICs fluctuate, but the voltage deviation is within tolerance.
  • the present invention proposes an architecture of a multi-micro grid system with different frequency characteristics.
  • Drop frequency controller is proposed to improve the frequency control performance of MMG system.
  • the proposed drop frequency controller shows that the frequency deviation of each MG can be reduced.
  • the ESS power for each MG's load change can be reduced due to the power sharing capability from adjacent MGs.
  • the problem is how to choose the drop gain of the proposed frequency controller for each MG system.
  • the MG 1 system requires the highest frequency quality, while the MG 3 system requires the lowest frequency quality. Thus, small frequency deviations are desirable for MG 1 systems.
  • the MG 1 system must prepare a large amount of energy to reduce frequency deviations when the proposed controller is not adopted.
  • Each MG system is connected to a common DC line via an AC / DC coupled converter.
  • the proposed framework reduces the number of associated converters compared to the use of BTB converters, resulting in cost savings of the MMG system.
  • the proposed drop frequency controller can be simply implemented in the DSP. Although the proposed method causes oscillation of the DC line voltage, the variation of the DC line voltage is small and still in the acceptable deviation range.
  • the stability analysis showed that the stability of the converter system can be guaranteed if the drop gain of the proposed controller is properly selected.
  • the frequency deviation of each MG during disturbance can be greatly improved.
  • the tertiary control level can be easily adjusted to optimize the operating costs of the MMG system.
  • the present invention uses independent information such as frequency and DC link voltage of the micro grid to control the associated converter to adjust the effective power sharing between the DC link voltage and each micro grid, so as to maintain different frequency quality.
  • a drop frequency controller is provided to maintain different frequency qualities in grid systems, reducing the number of associated converters, providing the benefits of flexible frequency and voltage as well as reducing installation costs.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de commande de fréquence de décalage pour maintenir différentes qualités de fréquence dans un système de micro-réseau multiple de type indépendant, et un système de micro-réseau multiple de type indépendant l'utilisant. La présente invention concerne un dispositif de commande de fréquence de décalage pour maintenir différentes qualités de fréquence dans un système de micro-réseau multiple de type indépendant, et un système de micro-réseau multiple de type indépendant utilisant celui-ci, le dispositif de commande comprenant : une unité de commande de fréquence de décalage, qui reçoit une fréquence de système d'un micro-réseau correspondant de façon à calculer un écart de fréquence normalisé, délivrant ainsi un écart de tension de liaison CC; une unité de commande de puissance pour générer un courant de référence de façon à permettre à une tension de liaison CC de suivre une tension obtenue en ajoutant une commande de tension de liaison CC à la sortie de l'écart de tension de liaison CC provenant de l'unité de commande de fréquence de décalage; et une unité de commande de courant pour délivrer en sortie un signal de modulation à un convertisseur connecté correspondant de façon à permettre à un courant de terminal de suivre la sortie de courant de référence provenant de l'unité de commande de puissance.
PCT/KR2018/015695 2018-01-30 2018-12-11 Dispositif de commande de fréquence de décalage pour maintenir différentes qualités de fréquence dans un système de micro-réseau multiple de type indépendant, et système de micro-réseau multiple de type indépendant l'utilisant Ceased WO2019151639A1 (fr)

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