[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2019038481A1 - Fioul renouvelable - Google Patents

Fioul renouvelable Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019038481A1
WO2019038481A1 PCT/FI2018/050602 FI2018050602W WO2019038481A1 WO 2019038481 A1 WO2019038481 A1 WO 2019038481A1 FI 2018050602 W FI2018050602 W FI 2018050602W WO 2019038481 A1 WO2019038481 A1 WO 2019038481A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
renewable
heating
heating oil
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI2018/050602
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ulla Kiiski
Markku Kuronen
Markku Honkanen
Kalle LEHTO
Tuukka HARTIKKA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Neste Oyj
Original Assignee
Neste Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FI20175759A external-priority patent/FI20175759A1/en
Priority claimed from FIU20174199U external-priority patent/FI12251U1/fi
Application filed by Neste Oyj filed Critical Neste Oyj
Publication of WO2019038481A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019038481A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/45—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof
    • C10G3/46—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten metals or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/47—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/42—Catalytic treatment
    • C10G3/44—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G3/48—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support
    • C10G3/49—Catalytic treatment characterised by the catalyst used further characterised by the catalyst support containing crystalline aluminosilicates, e.g. molecular sieves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
    • C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/003—Marking, e.g. coloration by addition of pigments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/08—Preparation of fuel
    • F23K5/10—Mixing with other fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C10G2300/1018—Biomass of animal origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
    • C10G2400/06—Gasoil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to renewable heating fuels. Background
  • a possible approach to produce renewable heating oils is to use gas-to-liquid (GTL) methods having biomethane or natural gas as a raw material.
  • GTL gas-to-liquid
  • Hydrogenated vegetable oil is a renewable fuel produced from renewable sources.
  • HVO can be produced from vegetable oils by hydrogenating the fatty acids and triglycerides therein into n-paraffins optionally followed by catalytic conversion into branched paraffins (i-paraffins).
  • the manufacturing process of HVO aims keeping the saturation level high and avoiding formation of aromatic compounds. Double bonds in unsaturated free fatty acids may promote various side reactions, such as oligomerisation / polymerisation, cyclisation / aromatisation and cracking reactions.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a renewable fuel, which can be used in heating.
  • the present invention provides a use of a fuel comprising renewable hydrotreated fuel as a heating oil.
  • renewable hydrotreated fuel in heating oil use has a low aromatic content or it may even be free from aromatics. Because of that, it burns cleanly and produces less soot when burned.
  • the heat value (energy content) of the renewable hydrotreated fuel is better than the heat value of fossil fuel.
  • the renewable hydrotreated fuel has also a higher energy content compared to traditional biofuels. The energy is released during combustion into a usable form, heat.
  • the use of the present renewable hydrotreated fuel as a heating oil provides improved safety, because of the low amount, or even absence, of aromatic hydrocarbons in the fuel.
  • Aromatic hydrocarbons, such as PAH, present in fossil fuels are toxic and linked to serious health issues, like cancer.
  • the lack of aromatics in the heating oil is advantageous because exposure to harmful compounds e.g. during maintenance and refilling can be avoided.
  • renewable hydrotreated fuel when using the renewable hydrotreated fuel as a heating oil renewable components are used and thus an environmentally sustainable heating method is achieved. Use of fossil fuels in heating can be diminished or even omitted. With the present invention, it is possible to achieve heating, which meets technical requirements, future biomandates, and consumer needs for renewable and environmentally friendly fuels.
  • renewable heating oil which meets technical requirements of renewable fuels.
  • Previously renewable heating oils have not been used in burners because of problems relating to flame detection.
  • the present invention provides a technical solution to this problem and achieves desired environmental aspects.
  • the use of the renewable hydrotreated heating oil is particularly advantageous for domestic users because the fuel composition lacks a distinctive unpleasant odour typical for heating oils. This makes e.g. maintenance of the heating system and refilling fuel storages more pleasant.
  • the unpleasant odour of heating oils has previously been masked by using odorants, which can be avoided with the fuel composition of the present invention.
  • an odorant can optionally be used with the present heating oil, if desired.
  • the renewable hydrotreated fuel of the present invention can be used as a heating oil in conventional domestic burners adapted to burn fossil fuel even without additional components or modifications. This is particularly advantageous in domestic use for those users who want to use renewable fuels in heating but are reluctant to invest in a burner specifically optimized for renewable heating oils.
  • the present use is applicable in conventional burners without modifications, as well as in conventional burners that have been modified.
  • the heating oil of the present invention can also be fully renewable.
  • the renewable hydrotreated heating oil comprising 100% renewable hydrotreated fuel can also be burned in a conventional domestic burner without additional components or modifications.
  • the present invention can also be used as an energy source in hybrid heating systems, like heating systems comprising electric heating, air to air heat pump or solar panels.
  • the present renewable hydrotreated fuel has ASTM D7689:2012 Cloud Point of below -30 °C, which makes it suitable for use in very cold climate or even in an arctic environment.
  • the use comprises using the present fuel at a temperature below -10 °C.
  • said use comprises storing the fuel without additional heating of the fuel.
  • the storage containers may be located at least partially underground or above ground. Such containers are exposed to the temperatures typical for the external storage environment. In particular at cold climate the containers are exposed to very low temperatures, wherein the present fuel is particularly advantageous, because of the excellent cold properties of the fuel that allow storing the outdoors.
  • FIG. 1 shows the profile of paraffinic components for the renewable hydrotreated heating oil (RN1 , RN2), and GTL fuels.
  • RN1 renewable hydrotreated heating oil
  • RN2 renewable hydrotreated heating oil
  • GTL fuels GTL fuels.
  • CP refers to Cloud Point.
  • Fig. 2 shows a detailed distribution of paraffinic components in the renewable hydrotreated heating oil and a GTL fuel.
  • the renewable hydrotreated fuel comprises a paraffinic component obtained by hydrotreating and isomerising renewable material having biological origin.
  • the present renewable hydrotreated fuel is isomerised to have a weight ratio of isoparaffins (i-paraffins) to normal paraffins (n-paraffins) at least 2.2, aromatic content 0.1 w-% or less and Cloud Point (ASTM D7689:2012) -10 °C or less.
  • the present use is advantageous in that it is safe for domestic use.
  • the colouring agent can be selected in a way that the renewable heating oil is distinguishable from e.g. fossil fuels or from fuels intended for vehicles.
  • the colouring agent allows easy identification of the fuel and it's origin.
  • a specific colouring agent can be used as a tag to indicate a fuel complying with certain requirements, such as requirements set for renewable heating oil.
  • an agent which provides a signal to be detected by the heating system when the fuel is combusted, can also be added into the heating oil.
  • the manufacturing of the renewable hydrotreated fuel does not comprise gasifying the renewable raw material.
  • fatty acids, triglycerides and other fatty acid derivatives comprised in the feed are deoxygenated, denitrogenated and desuplhurisated by hydrotreatment.
  • Hydrotreating includes at least hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and decarboxylation / decarbonylation, i.e.
  • H S dihydrogen sulphide
  • NH3 ammonia
  • HDN hydrodenitrogenation
  • halogens for example chlorine from organic chloride compounds in the form of hydrochloric acid (HCI) and hydrodechlorination (HDCI).
  • the pressure range may be varied, or is selected from the range, between 20 and 150 bar, preferably between 50 and 100 bar, and the temperature is selected from the range between 200 and 400 °C, preferably between 250 and 350 °C and most preferably between 280 and 340 °C.
  • known hydrogenation catalysts containing metals from Group VIII and/or VIB of the Periodic System may be used.
  • the hydrogenation catalysts are supported Pd, Pt, Ni, NiMo or a C0M0 catalyst, the support being alumina and/or silica.
  • NiMo A Os and C0M0/AI2O3 catalysts are used.
  • the hydrotreating is optionally followed by isomerisation, such as hydroisomerisation, where branches on the hydrocarbon backbone are formed and i-paraffins are produced.
  • isomerisation such as hydroisomerisation
  • branches on the hydrocarbon backbone are formed and i-paraffins are produced.
  • degree of isomerisation e.g. the amount of methyl branches formed and their distance from each other, can be controlled by reaction conditions, such as temperature and catalyst. Isomerisation produces an improved performance for the product for low temperatures.
  • the pressure varies in, or is selected from, a range of 20-150 bar, preferably in the range of 30-100 bar and the temperature varies, or is selected from, a range between 200 and 500 °C, preferably 280 and 400 °C.
  • an isomerisation catalyst known in the art may be used.
  • Suitable isomerisation catalysts contain a molecular sieve and/or metal selected from Group VIII of the Periodic Table and/or carrier.
  • the isomerisation catalyst contains SAPO-1 1 or SAPO-41 or ZSM-22 or ZSM-23 or ferrierite and Pt, Pd, or Ni and AI2O3 or S1O2.
  • Typical isomerisation catalysts are, for example, Pt/SAPO-1 1/AI 2 O 3 , Pt/ZSM-22/AI 2 O 3 , Pt/ZSM-23/AI 2 O 3 and Pt/SAPO-1 1/SiO 2 .
  • the hydrotreating step and the isomerisation step are carried out separately in a two-step process.
  • the hydrotreatment catalyst(s) and the isomerisation catalyst(s) are not in contact with the feed at the same time.
  • the renewable hydrotreated fuel feedstock comprises hydrotreated, and optionally isomerised vegetable oil (HVO), and/or wood and/or other plant based oil, animal fat, fish fat, fish oil, algae oil, microbial oil or combination thereof, and optionally recyclable waste and/or residue, or a combination thereof.
  • HVO isomerised vegetable oil
  • Recyclable waste comprises material such as used cooking oil, free fatty acids, palm oil by-products or process side streams, sludge, and side streams from vegetable oil processing.
  • the renewable hydrotreated fuel feedstock may comprise:
  • one or more free fatty acid containing bio based feedstock such as crude and refined palm based oil, technical corn oil, tall oil, seed oil, animal fat, waste cooking oil, jatropha curcas oil, fish oil, microbial oil, and/or algae oil;
  • one or more lower molecular weight acids containing bio based feedstock such as pyrolysis oil and/or sludge palm oil.
  • fatty acids or triglycerides of the feedstock are first hydrogenated to n-paraffins, and part of the n-paraffins are then converted using isomerisation to branched chain i-paraffins.
  • the weight ratio of i-paraffins to n-paraffins in the renewable hydrotreated fuel is at least 2.2, at least 2,3, at least 3 or at least 4.
  • the amount of the paraffinic component in the range of carbon number C15-C18 is at least 70 wt-%, more preferably more than 80 wt-%, most preferably more than 90 wt-%. This distribution is advantageous because there are no easily volatile light paraffinic components or heavy components that cause sooting.
  • the amount of the paraffinic components in the range of carbon number C3-Ci 4 is less than 25 wt- %, such as less than 20 wt-%, less than 10% wt-%, or less than 7 wt-%.
  • the amount of the paraffinic components in the range of carbon number C19-C24 is less than 25 wt- %, such as less than 20 wt-%, less than 10 wt-%, or less than 5 wt-%.
  • the above distribution of paraffinic components is typical for the renewable hydrotreated fuel of the present invention.
  • the flash point is determined with the amount of the light paraffinic components and sooting is minimized with the amount of heavier components.
  • the renewable hydrotreated fuel has good cold and storage properties and heat value. That is why the renewable hydrotreated fuel is a suitable component to be used in a heating oil.
  • the narrow distribution of paraffinic hydrocarbons in the range C15-C18 is typical for the present renewable hydrotreated heating oil and distinguishes it from previous heating oils. For example, heating oils manufactured from natural gas or biogas by GTL process have a much broader distribution of paraffinic hydrocarbons.
  • the distribution of paraffinic hydrocarbons according to the invention provides a low volatility, good heat value and good cold properties for the heating oil causing just a little or not at all sooting.
  • the narrow distribution of the paraffinic hydrocarbons also makes the fuel well defined in its physical properties, which makes it useful for use in blends and other products.
  • the heating oil of the present invention comprises renewable fuel obtainable from at least one lignocellulosic source.
  • the naphthenic hydrocarbons comprise compounds obtained from a lignocellulosic source by converting levulinic acid (LA) via C-C coupling reactions in the presence of an ion exchange resin (IER) catalyst, in a thermal treatment, in the presence of a solid metal oxide catalyst system or combination thereof forming LA dimers/oligomers.
  • a solid metal oxide catalyst system may comprise the first metal oxide and the second metal oxide.
  • Naphthenic components can be included to increase density of the renewable fuel and/or to provide aromatic components from a renewable source.
  • the renewable fuel obtainable from at least one lignocellulosic source is manufactured by hydrodeoxygenation of a feedstock comprising LA dimers/oligomers, followed by fractionated distillation.
  • the renewable fuel obtainable from at least one lignocellulosic source is advantageous for use as a heating oil, because the resulting fuel has a very low Cloud Point and it can easily be mixed with other fuels.
  • the renewable fuel obtainable from at least one lignocellulosic source comprises renewable middle distillate composition and contains less than 10.0 wt.-% aromatics, as determined in accordance with ASTM D2425-04.
  • the renewable fuel obtainable from at least one lignocellulosic source contains at most 9.5 wt.-%, at most 9.3 wt.-%, at most 9.0 wt.-%, at most 8.0 wt.-%, at most 7.0 wt.-%, at most 6.0 wt.-%, at most 5.0 wt.-%, at most 4.0 wt.-%, or at most 3.0 wt.-% of aromatics, as determined in accordance with ASTM D2425-04.
  • the Cloud Point of the renewable fuel obtainable from at least one lignocellulosic source is -70°C or lower, -80°C or lower, - 90°C or lower, or -95°C or lower.
  • the heating oil optionally comprises naphthenic hydrocarbons.
  • a naphthenic hydrocarbon refers to organic compounds that contain one or more saturated cyclic structures. The general formula is CnH n.
  • the naphthenic hydrocarbon may be a fossil hydrocarbon, a hydrocarbon obtainable from lignocellulosic biomass, or a combination thereof.
  • the amount of the naphthenic component in the renewable hydrotreated fuel of the present invention is between 2% and 90% by weight, such as between 2% and 70% by weight, between 2% and 50% by weight, or between 2% and 30% by weight, preferably between 2% and 20% by weight, between 3% and 15% by weight, or between 3% and 12% by weight, preferably about 5% by weight or 10% by weight.
  • the renewable hydrotreated fuel or the present fuel can optionally comprise aromatic and polyaromatic components to increase density for use in certain applications.
  • the heating oil of the present invention further comprises fossil fuel, i.e. it is a blend.
  • the heating oil comprises fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). It is possible to blend the renewable hydrotreated fuel in a desired amount with aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthenic hydrocarbons, a fossil fuel, and/or FAME for heating purposes. In one embodiment 100 % renewable hydrotreated fuel is used in heating applications as such, even without blending it with a fossil fuel component and/or other fuel composition that increase the responsiveness of a yellow/red flame detector of a burner to a required threshold level.
  • FAME fatty acid methyl esters
  • the fuel comprises 1 -100 wt-% renewable hydrotreated fuel.
  • renewable hydrotreated and optionally isomerised fuel it is advantageous to increase the proportion of the renewable hydrotreated and optionally isomerised fuel to achieve cleaner burning of the fuel.
  • a larger proportion of the renewable hydrotreated and optionally isomerised fuel also helps to reduce harmful effects of the fossil fuel, in particular amount of aromatics and sulphur, and results into decreased emissions during use. Blending is particularly advantageous when using lower grade fossil fuel, which contains sulphur and other impurities.
  • the fuel comprises more than 40 wt-% renewable hydrotreated fuel. In an embodiment the fuel comprises more than 42% renewable hydrotreated fuel, such as a 42-100 wt-%, 42-99 wt-%, 42-95 wt-%, 42-90 wt-%, 42-85 wt-% or 42-80 wt-%.
  • the renewable hydrotreated fuel comprises more than 45 wt-% renewable hydrotreated fuel, such as 45-100 wt-%, 50-100 wt-%, 55-100 wt-%, 60-100 wt-%, 65-100 wt-%, 70-100 wt-%, 75-100 wt-%, 80-100 wt-%, 85- 100 wt-%, 90-100 wt-%, 95-100 wt-% or even 100 wt-%.
  • These amounts of the renewable hydrotreated fuel provide good cold properties and provide even a completely renewable heating oil.
  • the amount of other components can be kept low, resulting into clean combustion because of the advantageous properties of the renewable hydrotreated fuel.
  • fossil fuels typically contain e.g. aromatics that produce particles and soot when burned. In the claimed use this is advantageous because the burner and the heating system remain clean and operational during use.
  • renewable hydrotreated fuels is isomerised, which helps to further improve cold properties by increasing the amount of branched chain hydrocarbons.
  • the cloud point of the fuel is improved, which is advantageous in long term storage in a cold environment.
  • Renewable hydrotreated fuel, which is isomerised can be used in any embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fuel contains naphthenic and/or aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • these hydrocarbons are used for further enhancing detection of the flame in a burner. Such a use may be advantageous in cases where the flame detector is not very sensitive.
  • the fuel complies with EN 15940:2016 for paraffinic diesel fuels.
  • the present heating oil comprises 10% fossil heating oil containing aromatics and 90% renewable hydrotreated fuel.
  • the present heating oil comprises 10% fossil heating oil containing naphthenics and 90 % renewable hydrotreated fuel. In an embodiment the present heating oil comprises 10% FAME and 90% renewable hydrotreated fuel.
  • the present heating oil comprises 5% fossil heating oil containing naphthenics and 95% renewable hydrotreated fuel.
  • the present heating oil comprises 5% fossil heating oil containing aromatics and 95% renewable hydrotreated fuel.
  • the heating oil does not contain cold flow additives, such as pour point or cold flow improvers.
  • the use of the heating oil according to the present invention is simple, it does not need any special arrangement.
  • the user of the heating oil according to the present invention does not need to carry out any cleaning e.g. rinsing or change filters or settings of the heating system when changing from one heating oil to another, e.g. from a fossil heating oil to the renewable hydrotreated fuel according to the invention.
  • the heating oil of the present invention can be filled into a heating oil container even when some previously used heating oil is still present in the storage container.
  • other heating oil can be added in the heating oil storage container while heating oil of the present invention is still left in the container.
  • the term burner comprises burners, furnaces and heaters used in heating systems. Such systems are also known as boilers, heaters, fuel-burning apparatuses, or central heating systems.
  • the burner may be configured to heat a fluid, such as liquid, gas or vapour, which is used for transferring heat to the site wherein heating is needed.
  • the heating oil is burned in a burner for heating a building, a house, workshop, industrial space, or garage.
  • the burner is equipment used for burning fossil fuel.
  • renewable heating oil of the present invention is burned in the burner.
  • the heating oil is provided in a container exposed to environmental temperatures outdoors. Because of the good cold properties of the renewable hydrotreated fuel, it can be stored outdoors even in cold climates without a need to heat or insulate the storage container. Thus, the fuel can e.g. be stored outdoors and conducted through piping to a burner inside a building to be heated.
  • the container can be an above-ground container or at least partially, or fully, underground container.
  • the container can also be provided with insulation or a heater, which may be advantageous when it is desirable to be able to use the same container for heating fuels that do not have as good cold flow properties.
  • the renewable hydrotreated fuel comprises at least 70 wt-%, more preferably more than 80 wt-%, most preferably more than 90 wt-% paraffinic components in the range of carbon number C15-C18.
  • a fuel has a low amount of volatile components, good cold storage properties and heat value. This is particularly advantageous when using the heating oil in a climate where temperature varies over a broad range and which may involve storing the fuel for a long time.
  • the renewable hydrotreated fuel is obtained from at least one lignocellulosic source.
  • the lignocellulosic source provides the heating oil with naphthenic and aromatic components.
  • the heating oil comprises hydrocarbons obtained from at least one lignocellulosic source.
  • a renewable hydrotreated fuels is used which has a weight ratio of i-paraffins to n-paraffins of 2.3, 2.3, 3, or 4 in the renewable hydrotreated fuel.
  • the use further comprises using naphthenic hydrocarbons in the heating oil.
  • the use comprises using naphthenic hydrocarbons 1 -5 % by weight, 1 -10% by weight, or 1 -50% by weight, preferably about 5% by weight.
  • the use comprises using a renewable hydrotreated fuel having less than 10 wt-% aromatics.
  • the use comprises storage at a temperature below 0 °C, below -10 °C, or below -37°C.
  • the use comprises mixing the renewable hydrotreated fuel into a blend with a fossil fuel.
  • a colouring agent is included in the heating oil.
  • the colouring agent is a yellow azo dye, such as Solvent Yellow 124 (N-ethyl-N-(2-(1 -isobutoxyethoxy)ethyl)-4-(phenyl-azo)aniline).
  • one or more colouring agent such as a red dye or a blue dye, can be used.
  • the amount of the colouring agent is at least 1 mg/l, preferably selected from the range 1 -10 mg/l, and most preferably selected from the range 6-9 mg/l.
  • the colouring agent is an agent, which provides a signal to be detected by the heating system when the fuel is combusted.
  • the present use comprises including a colouring agent in the fossil fuel, in the hydrotreated renewable fuel, or in the blend comprising them.
  • the colouring agents have different colours to allow identification of a composition of a blend.
  • the use comprises burning the heating oil in a heating system.
  • a heating system which is a domestic heating system for heating buildings, houses, or garages, or an industrial heating system for heating workshops, industrial facilities, premises or workspaces.
  • the use comprises using heating system, which is a heating system for burning fossil fuel.
  • the heating system comprises a burner for fossil fuel.
  • the use comprises providing the heating oil in a container, which exposes the heating oil to low temperatures.
  • the low temperature is a temperature below 5°C, such as below 0°C, below -5°C, -10°C, -15°C, -20°C, -25°C or -30°C.
  • a use of a fuel comprising renewable hydrotreated fuel as a heating oil is provided.
  • This is advantageous in providing a fully renewable heating oil.
  • such use makes it possible to use a blend of the renewable heating oil, which allows mixed use of the renewable heating oil with e.g. fossil heating oil, or with a different renewable heating oil. This is advantageous for the user, because there is no need to restrict the use to a single type of heating oil only.
  • the renewable hydrotreated fuel used as a heating oil in the examples is specified in Table 1 .
  • Carbon number profiles of the renewable hydrotreated heating oil and GTL were analysed by gas chromatography (GC). The results are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig . 2.
  • heating oil compositions comprising 95% renewable hydrotreated heating oil and 5% heating oil containing aromatics or 5% fossil heating oil containing naphthenics.
  • PA1 fossil heating oil containing aromatics PA2 10% fossil heating oil containing aromatics + 90% renewable hydrotreated heating oil; PA4 10% fossil heating oil containing naphthenics + 90 % renewable hydrotreated heating oil; PA6 10% FAME + 90% renewable hydrotreated heating oil; PA3 5% fossil heating oil containing naphthenics + 95% renewable hydrotreated heating oil; PA7 5% fossil heating oil containing aromatics + 95% renewable hydrotreated heating oil; PA8 renewable hydrotreated heating oil.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'utilisation d'un combustible comprenant un combustible hydrotraité renouvelable en tant que fioul. Le combustible hydrotraité renouvelable présente de bonnes propriétés à froid et il peut être mélangé avec des fiouls classiques, ce qui le rend approprié pour un usage domestique.
PCT/FI2018/050602 2017-08-25 2018-08-24 Fioul renouvelable Ceased WO2019038481A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FIU20174199 2017-08-25
FI20175759A FI20175759A1 (en) 2017-08-25 2017-08-25 Renewable heating oil
FIU20174199U FI12251U1 (fi) 2017-08-25 2017-08-25 Lämmitysöljy ja lämmitysöljyseos
FI20175759 2017-08-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019038481A1 true WO2019038481A1 (fr) 2019-02-28

Family

ID=65440002

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2018/050602 Ceased WO2019038481A1 (fr) 2017-08-25 2018-08-24 Fioul renouvelable

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2019038481A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12098339B2 (en) 2019-04-10 2024-09-24 Neste Oyj Diesel fuel composition

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008138861A1 (fr) 2007-05-11 2008-11-20 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Composition de combustible
EP2489720A1 (fr) * 2011-02-15 2012-08-22 Neste Oil Oyj Utilisation d'huile renouvelable dans un procédé d'hydrotraitement
US20130255138A1 (en) * 2010-11-19 2013-10-03 Total Raffinage Marketing Process for hydrodeoxygenation and process for upgrading of pyrolysis oil resulting from biomass, which are capable of operating continuously
US20140163270A1 (en) * 2011-07-27 2014-06-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Hydroprocessing Of Biorenewable Feedstocks
US20170009144A1 (en) * 2014-01-03 2017-01-12 Neste Oyj Composition comprising paraffin fractions obtained from biological raw materials and method of producing same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008138861A1 (fr) 2007-05-11 2008-11-20 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Composition de combustible
US20130255138A1 (en) * 2010-11-19 2013-10-03 Total Raffinage Marketing Process for hydrodeoxygenation and process for upgrading of pyrolysis oil resulting from biomass, which are capable of operating continuously
EP2489720A1 (fr) * 2011-02-15 2012-08-22 Neste Oil Oyj Utilisation d'huile renouvelable dans un procédé d'hydrotraitement
US20140163270A1 (en) * 2011-07-27 2014-06-12 The Lubrizol Corporation Hydroprocessing Of Biorenewable Feedstocks
US20170009144A1 (en) * 2014-01-03 2017-01-12 Neste Oyj Composition comprising paraffin fractions obtained from biological raw materials and method of producing same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12098339B2 (en) 2019-04-10 2024-09-24 Neste Oyj Diesel fuel composition
FI131290B1 (fi) * 2019-04-10 2025-01-28 Neste Oyj Dieselkomponentin käyttö polttoainekoostumuksessa

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Bezergianni et al. Comparison between different types of renewable diesel
Kovács et al. Fuel production by hydrotreating of triglycerides on NiMo/Al2O3/F catalyst
Bezergianni et al. Quality and sustainability comparison of one-vs. two-step catalytic hydroprocessing of waste cooking oil
Krutof et al. Blends of pyrolysis oil, petroleum, and other bio-based fuels: a review
US7459597B2 (en) Process for the manufacture of hydrocarbons
Lapuerta et al. Key properties and blending strategies of hydrotreated vegetable oil as biofuel for diesel engines
EP1795576B1 (fr) Procédé de préparation d'hydrocarbures
US7989671B2 (en) Process for the conversion of renewable oils to liquid transportation fuels
US20060207166A1 (en) Production of diesel fuel from vegetable and animal oils
DK2371931T3 (en) The fuel compositions comprising biodiesel and Fischer-Tropsch diesel
Bezergianni et al. Diesel decarbonization via effective catalytic Co-hydroprocessing of residual lipids with gas–oil
BR112019003771B1 (pt) Método para fabricar um componente de combustível
Sági et al. Co-hydrogenation of fatty acid by-products and different gas oil fractions
Hancsók et al. Diesel fuel blending components from mixture of waste animal fat and light cycle oil from fluid catalytic cracking
US11365359B2 (en) Renewable hydrocarbon lighter fluid
US8247632B2 (en) Process for the conversion of renewable oils to liquid transportation fuels
WO2019038481A1 (fr) Fioul renouvelable
CA3131144C (fr) Composition de carburant diesel
FI20175759A1 (en) Renewable heating oil
Karonis et al. Characterization of hydroprocessed used cooking oils in blend with low quality gasoil samples
WO2019038482A1 (fr) Fioul
Barnes et al. The use of biodiesel blends in domestic vaporising oil burners
Koul et al. Comparative analysis of renewable diesel and biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil
Hancsók et al. Bio gas oil production from waste lard
JP7785573B2 (ja) 灯油組成物および灯油組成物用基材

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18765684

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

DPE1 Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18765684

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1