WO2019037137A1 - Data transmission method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications. Disclosed are a data transmission method and device, for solving the problem that a base station may not be able to receive data transmitted by a terminal when the bandwidth of a downlink channel is greater than or equal to the bandwidth of an uplink channel. The specific solution is: first, a terminal device determines at least one downlink time-frequency resource location where transmission is performed in a frequency hopping manner, and receives downlink data transmitted by a network device over a first downlink time-frequency resource location of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location; then the terminal device determines a first frequency domain range and a frequency domain range of a second time-frequency resource location, wherein the first frequency domain range is the same as the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location, and the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is the same as or falls within the first frequency domain range; and finally, the terminal device transmits uplink data to the network device over the second time-frequency resource location. Embodiments of the present application are for transmitting data.

Description

Data transmission method and device Technical field

The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and in particular, to a data transmission method and apparatus.

Background technique

According to the latest international spectrum white paper released by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the unlicensed spectrum resources are larger than the licensed spectrum resources. If the unlicensed spectrum can be effectively utilized, the spectrum efficiency of wireless communication will be greatly improved. In the prior art, the Enhanced Machine Type Communication on unlicensed spectrum (eMTC-U) is a machine type communication technology working on an unlicensed spectrum, and the main purpose is to achieve long distance and low cost. Low-power IoT communication. The terminal can communicate with the base station by using Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS). For example, the terminal sends the uplink data to the base station by using a non-adaptive frequency hopping technology, and the bandwidth of the used uplink channel is determined by the capability of the terminal itself. For example, the main working frequency is 2.4 GHz, and the system bandwidth of the terminal is 1.4 MHz. It can also be extended to other unlicensed spectrums, such as the sub1GHz specified by the Internet of Things (IoT), including 315MHz, 433MHz, 868MHz, 915MHz, etc. The base station sends downlink data to the terminal using frequency hopping or broadband technology, and the downlink used. The bandwidth of the channel can be a frequency hopping bandwidth or a wideband bandwidth, such as 180 kHz, 1.4 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz or 20 MHz. When the base station sends downlink data to the terminal, the downlink channel bandwidth occupied by the base station is greater than or equal to the uplink channel bandwidth when the terminal sends uplink data to the base station. If multiple terminals perform frequency hopping to transmit uplink data to the base station in the entire frequency range used by the base station, such multiple terminals occupy a wide frequency band in the frequency domain (for example, the bandwidth of the 2.4 GHz band is 83.5 MHz), resulting in The frequency band occupied by multiple terminals for transmitting uplink data is larger than the frequency band occupied by the base station for transmitting downlink data. It is difficult for the base station to receive uplink data sent by multiple terminals in the entire frequency range, and also violates the base station and the terminal to reduce the frequency by frequency hopping. The purpose of interference from other systems affects the effects of coexistence.

Summary of the invention

The embodiment of the present invention provides a data transmission method and apparatus. When a base station and a terminal both use frequency hopping to perform data communication, the base station can receive uplink data sent by multiple terminals in a narrow frequency band. To solve the above technical problem, the embodiment of the present application provides the following technical solutions:

A first aspect of the present application provides a data transmission method, including: first, a terminal device determines at least one downlink time-frequency resource location that is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, and is at a first position of at least one downlink time-frequency resource location. And receiving, by the time-frequency resource, the downlink data sent by the network device; and then determining, by the terminal device, a frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location and a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location, where the second time-frequency resource The frequency domain range of the location is the same as the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location, or within the frequency domain of the first downlink time-frequency resource location; and finally, the terminal device is at the second time-frequency resource location. The network device sends uplink data. In the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application, before the terminal device sends the uplink data to the network device in the frequency hopping manner, the terminal device needs to determine the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location for receiving the downlink data, and then Determining a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location used by the terminal device to send the uplink data to the network device, so that when the terminal device sends the uplink data to the network device in a frequency hopping manner, the second time-frequency resource location used is First A downlink frequency-frequency resource location is within a frequency domain range, so that when a plurality of terminal devices send uplink data to the network device in the same frequency hopping manner, the network device can receive uplink data sent by multiple terminals in a narrow frequency band. At the same time, it also meets the purpose of reducing the interference with other systems through frequency hopping by network devices and terminal devices.

With reference to the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the frequency domain ranges of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location are respectively indicated by corresponding downlink channel numbers. Therefore, the frequency domain range of the downlink time-frequency resource location is indicated by the downlink channel number, so that the terminal device can determine the frequency domain range of the downlink time-frequency resource location by calculating the downlink channel number.

In order to determine the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location, in combination with the foregoing possible implementation manner, in another possible implementation manner, the terminal device determines the first frequency domain range, specifically, the terminal device determines the frame number, At least one of a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, a list of available channels, and a minimum number of channels, where the frame number is used to indicate the time at which the terminal device receives the downlink data, and the physical cell identifier is used to indicate the cell in which the terminal device is located, and the downlink channel bandwidth is used. And indicating a maximum bandwidth of the downlink data sent by the network device to the terminal device, where the available channel list includes a state of a channel used for data transmission between the network device and the terminal device, and the minimum number of channels is used to indicate between the network device and the terminal device. The number of channels for data transmission; the terminal device obtains the first downlink channel number according to at least one of a frame number, a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, an available channel list, and a minimum number of channels determined by the terminal device, and the first downlink The channel number is used to indicate the first frequency domain range.

In order to determine the frequency domain range of the second downlink time-frequency resource location, in combination with the foregoing possible implementation manner, in another possible implementation manner, the terminal device determines a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location, which specifically includes: The terminal device determines a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location according to a preset algorithm; or the terminal device determines a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location based on the scheduling of the network device.

The frequency domain range of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location may be indicated by the corresponding downlink channel number. Similarly, the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location may also be indicated by the corresponding uplink channel number, combined with the foregoing possible implementation. In another possible implementation manner, the terminal device determines, according to a preset algorithm, a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location, where the method includes: determining, by the terminal device, at least one uplink subchannel number, and at least one uplink subchannel number. A frequency domain range used to indicate the location of the second time-frequency resource.

In combination with the foregoing possible implementation manners, in another possible implementation manner, the terminal device determines the at least one uplink subchannel number, where the method includes: determining, by the terminal device, the at least one uplink sub-port according to the frame number, the sub-frame number, and the identifier information of the terminal device. Channel number.

In combination with the foregoing possible implementation manner, in another possible implementation, before the terminal device determines the at least one uplink subchannel number, the method further includes: the terminal device receiving the at least one virtual subchannel number sent by the network device.

In combination with the foregoing possible implementation manner, in another possible implementation manner, the terminal device determines the at least one uplink subchannel number, and specifically includes: the terminal device according to the at least one virtual subchannel number, and the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number The correspondence relationship determines at least one uplink subchannel number, and the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number includes time-related parameters. Therefore, the terminal device uses the corresponding relationship between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number at different times, and the terminal device has different uplink subchannel numbers determined according to the virtual subchannel number at different times, which is equivalent to the terminal device being The uplink subchannels used at different times are different, so that the terminal device can transmit data to the network device in a frequency hopping manner.

In combination with the above possible implementation manners, in another possible implementation manner, the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subroutine The correspondence between the channel numbers is that the network device is pre-configured for the terminal device through the fixed channel.

In combination with the foregoing possible implementation manner, in another possible implementation manner, the terminal device sends the uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location, where the method includes: if the terminal device uses the at least one uplink sub-channel number corresponding to the The available duration of the uplink subchannel is smaller than the available duration of the first downlink channel corresponding to the first downlink channel number, and the terminal equipment performs frequency hopping in the frequency range of the first downlink channel to send uplink data to the network device. Therefore, the terminal device makes full use of frequency resources for frequency hopping, which can improve resource utilization and improve anti-interference performance.

A second aspect of the present application provides a data transmission method, including: the network device sends downlink data in a frequency hopping manner on at least one downlink time-frequency resource location, and at least one downlink time-frequency resource location includes a first downlink. The time-frequency resource location; the network device receives the uplink data sent by the terminal device at the second time-frequency resource location, where the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is the same as the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location, or The first downlink time-frequency resource location is a resource used by the network device to send downlink data to the terminal device in a frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location. In the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application, the uplink data received by the network device is sent by the terminal device at the second time-frequency resource location, and the second time-frequency resource location is that the terminal device is hopping to the network device. The second time-frequency resource location is determined in the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location used by the network device to send the downlink data to the terminal device, and thus is the same for multiple terminal devices. When the frequency hopping mode sends uplink data to the network device, the network device can receive uplink data sent by multiple terminals in a narrow frequency band, and also meets the purpose of reducing interference with other systems by frequency hopping by the network device and the terminal device. .

With reference to the second aspect, in a possible implementation, before the network device receives the uplink data sent by the terminal device at the second time-frequency resource location, the method further includes: the network device sending the first indication to the terminal device, where And indicating a time-frequency resource used by the terminal device to send uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location. In order for the terminal device to determine a second time-frequency resource location for transmitting uplink data to the network device. Or the first indication is used to indicate a time resource used by the terminal device to send uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location. The terminal device determines the second time resource location for transmitting the uplink data to the network device, and the terminal device calculates the frequency domain resource by using a pre-defined calculation method of the frequency hopping.

In combination with the foregoing possible implementation manners, in another possible implementation manner, before the network device sends the downlink data on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location in a frequency hopping manner, the method further includes: determining, by the network device, the frequency hopping At least one downlink time-frequency resource location transmitted by the mode. The terminal device determines the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location for receiving the downlink data.

In combination with the foregoing possible implementation manners, in another possible implementation manner, the frequency domain ranges of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location are respectively indicated by corresponding downlink channel numbers.

In conjunction with the foregoing possible implementation manner, in another possible implementation manner, before the network device sends the downlink data on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location in a frequency hopping manner, the method further includes: the network device sending the physical to the terminal device At least one of a cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, a list of available channels, and a minimum number of channels, where the physical cell identifier is used to indicate the cell where the terminal device is located, and the downlink channel bandwidth is used to indicate the maximum bandwidth of the downlink data sent by the network device to the terminal device. The channel list includes states of channels used for data transmission between the network device and the terminal device. The terminal device determines the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location for receiving the downlink data.

In conjunction with the foregoing possible implementation manner, in another possible implementation manner, before the network device sends the downlink data on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location in a frequency hopping manner, the method further includes: the network device sending the at least the terminal device A virtual subchannel number. The terminal device is configured to determine a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location for receiving the downlink data.

In combination with the foregoing possible implementation manners, in another possible implementation manner, before the network device sends the downlink data on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location in a frequency hopping manner, the method further includes: the network device adopting the fixed channel as the terminal The device configures a correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number, and the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number includes time-related parameters. In order to use the corresponding relationship between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number at different times, the terminal device determines different uplink subchannel numbers according to the virtual subchannel number at different times, so that the terminal device uses at different times. The uplink subchannels are different, and the terminal device is configured to send data to the network device in a frequency hopping manner.

In combination with the foregoing possible implementation manner, in another possible implementation manner, before the network device sends the downlink data on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location in a frequency hopping manner, the method further includes: determining, by the network device, the terminal device using the channel At the moment, the channel includes all downlink channels used by the network device to send downlink data to the terminal device, and all uplink subchannels used by the terminal device to send uplink data to the network device. Therefore, the interference generated by the uplink data sent by the terminal device to the network device and the uplink data sent by the other terminal device to the network device are avoided.

In combination with the foregoing possible implementation manner, in another possible implementation, if the terminal device uses the uplink subchannel corresponding to the at least one uplink subchannel number, the available duration is smaller than the first downlink channel corresponding to the first downlink channel identifier. The network device sends a second indication to the terminal device, where the second indication is used to indicate that the terminal device performs frequency hopping within the frequency range of the first downlink channel. In order to make the terminal device make full use of frequency resources for frequency hopping, the utilization of resources can be improved and the anti-interference performance can be improved.

A third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a communication apparatus, including: a processing unit, configured to determine at least one downlink time-frequency resource location that is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner; and a receiving unit, configured to use the at least one downlink time-frequency resource Receiving downlink data sent by the network device at the first downlink time-frequency resource location of the location; the processing unit is further configured to determine a frequency domain range of the first frequency domain range, the first frequency domain range, and the first downlink time-frequency resource location The processing unit is further configured to determine a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location, where the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is the same as the first frequency domain range, or in the first frequency domain range; And configured to send uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location.

A fourth aspect of the present application provides a communication apparatus, including: a sending unit, configured to send downlink data in a frequency hopping manner on at least one downlink time-frequency resource location, where at least one downlink time-frequency resource location includes a first a downlink time-frequency resource location; the receiving unit, configured to receive uplink data sent by the terminal device at the second time-frequency resource location, where the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is the same as the first frequency domain range, or is first In the frequency domain, the first frequency domain range is the same as the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location, and the first downlink time-frequency resource location is a resource used by the terminal device to receive downlink data.

It should be noted that the foregoing third and fourth functional modules may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the functions described above. For example, a transceiver for performing functions of a receiving unit and a transmitting unit, a processor for performing functions of the processing unit, a memory, and a program instruction for the processor to process the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application. Processor, The transceiver and memory are connected by a bus and communicate with each other. Specifically, the function of the behavior of the terminal device in the data transmission method provided by the first aspect, and the function of the behavior of the network device in the data transmission method provided by the second aspect may be referred to.

In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication apparatus, including: a processor, a memory, a bus, and a communication interface; the memory is configured to store a computer execution instruction, and the processor is connected to the memory through the bus, when the processor In operation, the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored by the memory to cause the communication device to perform the method of any of the above aspects.

In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium for storing computer software instructions for use in the communication device, and when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method of any of the above aspects.

In a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any of the above aspects.

In addition, the technical effects brought by the design manners of any one of the third aspect to the seventh aspect can be referred to the technical effects brought by the different design modes in the first aspect to the second aspect, and details are not described herein again.

In the embodiment of the present application, the names of the communication devices are not limited to the devices themselves, and in actual implementation, the devices may appear under other names. As long as the functions of the respective devices are similar to the embodiments of the present application, they are within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

These and other aspects of the embodiments of the present application will be more readily understood in the following description of the embodiments.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic diagram of a frequency hopping pattern provided by the prior art;

2 is a schematic diagram of an uplink hopping and a downlink hopping pattern provided by the prior art;

3 is a simplified schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which a network device is an NR-NB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which a network device is separated by a CU-DU according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining a downlink channel number according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating a downlink channel number according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining an uplink subchannel number according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating an uplink subchannel number according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a correspondence between a virtual subchannel number and an uplink subchannel number according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an uplink hopping and a downlink hopping pattern according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of another data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of still another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of still another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed ways

According to the latest international spectrum white paper released by the FCC, it can be seen that the unlicensed spectrum resources are larger than the licensed spectrum resources. If the unlicensed spectrum can be effectively utilized, the spectrum efficiency of wireless communication will be greatly improved. Currently, the main technology used on the unlicensed spectrum is Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) technology, but WiFi has drawbacks in terms of mobility, security, Quality of Service (QoS), and simultaneous handling of multi-user scheduling. Therefore, based on Long-term Evolution (LTE) technology, the MulteFire Alliance proposes Multefire technology that can work in unlicensed spectrum, using unlicensed spectrum resources to provide more efficient wireless access to meet the growing mobile broadband. Service needs. In addition, in order to ensure fair use of the spectrum, different countries have different regulations. For example, as shown in Table 1, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), in the spectrum regulation ETSI EN 300 328, imposes the following constraints on devices using the 2.4 GHz band.

Table 1

Among them, according to Table 1, it can be obtained that the European regulations will use equipment to be divided into FHSS equipment and Wideband Modulation equipment, and further refined into adaptive equipment and non-self-adaptation. Non-adaptive devices, different types of devices are subject to different rules. For example, for a Detect And Avoid (DAA) adaptive FESS device based on Listening Before Talk (LBT), the output power must be less than or equal to 20 dBm, and the transmission time (Tx time) is not More than 60ms, the number of channels is greater than or equal to 15, and the frequency hopping spread spectrum (FH separation) is greater than or equal to 100KHz. It is necessary to do 18us Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) and other restrictions. For another example, for a non-adaptive FESS device, the output power is less than or equal to 20 dBm, the Medium Utilization (MU) rate is not more than 10%, the single transmission time is not more than 5 ms, and the cumulative transmission time is not (Accumulated time). More than 15ms, one channel occupied channel bandwidth (Occupied channel bandwidth (single channel) is less than or equal to 5MHz, and the transmission interval (Tx gap) is greater than or equal to 5ms. MU is defined as MU=(P/100mW)*DC, where P is the output power and DC is the duty cycle. When P=100mW, DC<=10%, MU<=10%. For another example, for an LBT-based DAA adaptive wideband modulation device, the output power needs to be less than or equal to 20 dBm, the PSD is less than or equal to 10 dBm/MHz, and the transmission time is less than 10 ms (for Frame Based Equipment (FBE)). Or less than or equal to 13ms (for load based equipment (LBE)) and other restrictions. Where max(a, b) represents the maximum value in a and b.

Compared with ETSI's spectrum regulations, as shown in Table 2, the FCC's spectrum regulations are relatively less restrictive.

Table 2

According to Table 2, in the US regulations, for digital modulation devices, each channel bandwidth (Bandwidth/Each channel) must be greater than 500 kHz, PSD is 8 dBm/3 KHz, and transmit power (or Equivalent isotropic radiated power for conduction power (Coducted Power) not exceeding 30dBm (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power, EIRP) is less than 36dBm. For FHSS devices with a channel number of not less than 15, the Dwell time (Each channel) of each channel should be less than 0.4s/(0.4s*N), N is the number of channels, and the transmission power is less than 21dBm. . For FHSS devices with a channel number of not less than 75, the transmission power must be greater than 30 dBm. In addition, in the US regulations, the mode that allows digital modulation and FHSS to be mixed, that is, a device can contain two working modes. When working in the digital modulation mode, the corresponding constraints of the digital modulation system must be observed, that is, the PSD limit is 8 dBm. /3KHz, the transmission power does not exceed 30dBm, etc., while working in FHSS mode, it is necessary to comply with the corresponding constraints of the FHSS system, that is, the transmission power needs to be less than 21dBm (the number of channels is not less than 15) or 30dBm (the number of channels is not less than 75).

In addition, with the continuous development of communication technology, the Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and eMTC systems have become an important branch of the Internet of Everything. The eMTC-U communication technology is defined in MulteFire 1.1. eMTC-U is a machine-like communication technology working on unlicensed spectrum. Its main purpose is to realize long-distance, low-cost, low-power IoT communication. Frequency hopping communication is a branch of spread spectrum communication. The transmitting and receiving parties of the communication use the same hopping pattern to change the carrier frequency communication mode synchronously when transmitting data, which has strong anti-interference performance. For example, Bluetooth uses the 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band, which is divided into 79 channels from 2.402 GHz to 2.480 GHz. Each channel has a bandwidth of 1 MHz and an average rate of 1600 hops per second. As shown in FIG. 1 , a schematic diagram of a frequency hopping pattern provided by the prior art, where CH0 is an anchor channel, and CH1 to CHN are channels that can be used for communication between the transmitting and receiving parties using the frequency hopping spread spectrum technology. . Therefore, the terminal of the eMTC system uses non-adaptive frequency hopping when transmitting data to the base station. The main working frequency is 2.4 GHz, and the system bandwidth is 1.4 MHz. Of course, it can also be extended to other unlicensed spectrums, such as sub1 GHz, including 315 MHz. 433MHz, 868MHz, 915MHz, etc. The base station uses frequency hopping or wideband technology when transmitting data to the terminal. Currently, the downlink channel bandwidth used for transmitting downlink data is 1.4 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz. In order to reduce synchronization time and reduce power consumption, the Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), the Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and the master information block (MIB) are at one or several fixed frequency points. The channel is transmitted, for example, an anchor channel, which may be CH0. As shown in FIG. 2, a schematic diagram of an uplink hopping and a downlink hopping pattern provided by the prior art, assuming that the following 5 MHz bandwidth and an uplink 1.4 MHz bandwidth are used as an example, the base station performs data transmission according to the channel bandwidth of the base station (for example, : 5MHz) granularity for pseudo-random frequency hopping, each time transmitting 20 milliseconds (millisecond, ms), the terminal has to perform pseudo-random frequency hopping according to the granularity of the channel bandwidth of the terminal (for example: 1.4MHz), each time transmitting 5ms . Therefore, if multiple terminals perform frequency hopping to transmit uplink data to the base station over the entire frequency range used by the base station, such multiple terminals occupy a wide frequency band in the frequency domain (for example, the bandwidth of the 2.4 GHz band is 83.5 MHz). The frequency band occupied by multiple terminals for transmitting uplink data is larger than the frequency band occupied by the base station for transmitting downlink data, and it is difficult for the base station to receive uplink data sent by multiple terminals in the entire frequency range, and also violates the base station and the terminal by frequency hopping. The purpose of reducing interference with other systems affects the effects of coexistence.

In order to solve the problem that when the terminal uses the frequency hopping method to transmit the uplink data, if the frequency hopping is performed in the entire frequency band, and if the base station needs to receive the data of multiple terminals at the same time, the base station needs to have the capability of receiving the entire frequency band range at the same time; Multiple channels of bandwidth throughout the band have a large impact on coexistence between systems. An embodiment of the present application provides a data transmission method, where the basic principle is: first, the terminal device determines at least one downlink time-frequency resource location that is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, and then, at a first position of at least one downlink time-frequency resource location. Time-frequency Receiving downlink data sent by the network device at the source location, determining a first frequency domain range according to the first downlink time-frequency resource location, where the first frequency domain range is the same as the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location; and second, determining a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location, the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is the same as the first frequency domain range, or in the first frequency domain range, and finally, the terminal device is at the second time-frequency resource location Send uplink data to the network device. In the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application, before the terminal device sends the uplink data to the network device in the frequency hopping manner, the terminal device needs to determine the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location for receiving the downlink data, and then Determining a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location used by the terminal device to send the uplink data to the network device, so that when the terminal device sends the uplink data to the network device in a frequency hopping manner, the second time-frequency resource location used is The frequency range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location is within the frequency domain, so that when multiple terminal devices send uplink data to the network device in the same frequency hopping manner, the network device can receive multiple terminals to send in a narrow frequency band. The uplink data is also in line with the purpose of reducing the interference with other systems by frequency hopping by network devices and terminal devices.

Embodiments of the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

3 is a simplified schematic diagram of a communication system to which embodiments of the present application may be applied. As shown in FIG. 3, the system architecture may include: a plurality of terminal devices 11 and network devices 12. The terminal device communicates with the network device through wireless communication technology.

The terminal device 11 may be a wireless terminal device, and the wireless terminal device may be a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to the user, or a handheld device with a wireless connection function, or other processing device connected to the wireless modem. The wireless terminal can communicate with one or more core networks or the Internet via a radio access network (eg, Radio Access Network, RAN), which can be a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone (or "cellular" phone), a computer. And the data card, for example, can be a portable, pocket, handheld, computer built-in or in-vehicle mobile device that exchanges language and/or data with the wireless access network. For example, Personal Communication Service (PCS) phones, cordless phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) stations, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), etc. . The wireless terminal device may also be referred to as a system, a Subscriber Unit, a Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station, a Mobile, a Remote Station, and an Access Point. , Remote Terminal, Access Terminal, User Terminal, User Agent, Subscriber Station (SS), Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), User equipment (UE), etc. As an embodiment, the terminal device shown in FIG. 3 may be a machine type terminal device such as a water meter, an electric meter, or the like.

The network device 12 may be a base station (BS) or a base station controller of wireless communication. It can also be called a wireless access point, a transceiver station, a relay station, a cell, a Transmit and Receive Port (TRP), and the like. Specifically, the network device 12 is a device deployed in the radio access network to provide the terminal device 11 with a wireless communication function, and the main functions include one or more of the following functions: performing radio resource management, and Internet Protocol (Internet Protocol) , IP) header compression and encryption of user data streams, selection of Mobility Management Entity (MME) when user equipment is attached, routing of user plane data to Service Gateway (SGW), paging message organization And the organization of sending and transmitting broadcast messages and sending, the configuration of measurement and measurement reports for mobility or scheduling, and so on. The network device 12 may include various forms of cellular base stations, home base stations, cells, wireless transmission points, macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, and wireless connections. Into the point and so on. In systems using different wireless access technologies, the names of devices with network device functions may vary, for example, in the third generation Telecommunication (3G) system, called a base station ( Node B), in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, called an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB), in the fifth generation Telecommunication (5G) system, called For gNB and so on, in the wireless local access system, it is called Access Ponit.

It should be noted that, for a 5G or a new Radio Access Network (NR) system, there may be one or more transmission and reception points (Transmission Reception Point) under one NR base station (NR-NB or gNB). TRP), all TRPs belong to the same cell, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which the network device is an NR-NB according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where each TRP and the terminal device can use the measurement report described in this embodiment. method.

In another scenario, the network device 12 can also be divided into a control unit (Control Unit, CU) and a data unit (Data Unit, DU). Under one CU, multiple DUs can exist. FIG. 5 is an embodiment of the present application. The provided network device is a schematic diagram of a scenario in which the CU-DU is separated, and each of the DUs and the terminal device can use the measurement reporting method described in the embodiment of the present application. The difference between the CU-DU separation scenario and the multi-TRP scenario is that the TRP is only a radio unit or an antenna device, and the protocol stack function can be implemented in the DU. For example, the physical layer function can be implemented in the DU.

As communication technologies evolve, the names of network devices may change. Moreover, in other possible cases, network device 12 may be other devices that provide wireless communication functionality to terminal device 11. For convenience of description, in the embodiment of the present application, a device that provides a wireless communication function for the terminal device 11 is referred to as a network device 12.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The network device 12 in FIG. 3 may be implemented in the manner of a base station in FIG. 6. As shown in FIG. 6, the network device may include at least one processor 21, a memory 22, a transceiver 23, and a bus 24.

The following describes the components of the network device in detail with reference to FIG. 6:

The processor 21 is a control center of the network device, and may be a processor or a collective name of a plurality of processing elements. For example, the processor 21 is a central processing unit (CPU), may be an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application. For example, one or more microprocessors (Digital Signal Processors, DSPs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). In the embodiment of the present application, the processor 21 may be configured to determine at least one downlink time-frequency resource location that is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. The processor 21 can also be used for the moment when the terminal device uses the channel.

Among them, the processor 21 can perform various functions of the network device by running or executing a software program stored in the memory 22 and calling data stored in the memory 22.

In a particular implementation, as an embodiment, processor 21 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 shown in FIG.

In a particular implementation, as an embodiment, the network device can include multiple processors, such as processor 21 and processor 25 shown in FIG. Each of these processors can be a single core processor (CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU). A processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data, such as computer program instructions.

The memory 22 can be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other type that can store information and instructions. The dynamic storage device can also be an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, and a disc storage device. (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be Any other media accessed, but not limited to this. The memory 22 can exist independently and is coupled to the processor 21 via a bus 24. The memory 22 can also be integrated with the processor 21.

The memory 22 is used to store a software program that executes the solution of the present invention and is controlled by the processor 21.

The transceiver 23 is configured to communicate with other devices or communication networks. For example, it is used for communication with a communication network such as an Ethernet, a radio access network (RAN), or a wireless local area network (WLAN). Transceiver 23 may include all or part of a baseband processor, and may also optionally include an RF processor. The RF processor is used to transmit and receive RF signals, and the baseband processor is used to implement processing of a baseband signal converted by an RF signal or a baseband signal to be converted into an RF signal. The transceiver 23 may include a receiving unit to implement a receiving function, and a transmitting unit to implement a transmitting function. In the embodiment of the present application, the transceiver 23 may be configured to send downlink data to the terminal device, and receive uplink data sent by the terminal device. The transceiver 23 is further configured to send, to the terminal device, the first indication, the second indication, the at least one virtual subchannel number, the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number, and the physical cell identifier, the downlink channel bandwidth, and the available channel. At least one of the list and the minimum number of channels.

The bus 24 may be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in Figure 6, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

The device structure shown in FIG. 6 does not constitute a limitation to the network device, and may include more or less components than those illustrated, or some components may be combined, or different component arrangements.

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The terminal device 11 in FIG. 3 may be implemented in the manner of the terminal device in FIG. 7. As shown in FIG. 7, the terminal device may include at least one processor 31, a memory 32, a transceiver 33, and a bus 34.

The following describes the components of the terminal device in detail with reference to FIG. 7:

The processor 31 can be a processor or a collective name for a plurality of processing elements. For example, processor 31 may be a general purpose CPU, or an ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of the program of the present application, such as one or more DSPs, or one or more FPGAs. Among them, the processor 31 can perform various functions of the terminal device by running or executing a software program stored in the memory 32 and calling data stored in the memory 32. In the embodiment of the present application, the processor 31 may be configured to determine at least one downlink time-frequency resource location that is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner, and the processor 31 may further be configured to determine a frequency of the first frequency domain range and the second time-frequency resource location. Domain scope.

In a particular implementation, as an embodiment, processor 31 may include one or more CPUs. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the processor 31 includes a CPU 0 and a CPU 1.

In a specific implementation, as an embodiment, the terminal device may include multiple processors. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, a processor 31 and a processor 35 are included. Each of these processors can be a single-CPU or a multi-CPU. A processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data, such as computer program instructions.

Memory 32 may be a ROM or other type of static storage device that may store static information and instructions, RAM or other types of dynamic storage devices that may store information and instructions, or may be EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, optical disk storage. (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be Any other media accessed, but not limited to this. Memory 32 may be present independently and coupled to processor 31 via bus 34. The memory 32 can also be integrated with the processor 31.

The transceiver 33 is configured to communicate with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, RAN, WLAN, and the like. The transceiver 33 may include a receiving unit to implement a receiving function, and a transmitting unit to implement a transmitting function. In the embodiment of the present application, the transceiver 33 can be configured to receive downlink data sent by the network device, and the transceiver 33 can also be used to send uplink data to the network device.

The bus 34 can be an ISA bus, a PCI bus or an EISA bus. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only one thick line is shown in Figure 7, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

The device structure shown in FIG. 7 does not constitute a limitation of the terminal device, and may include more or less components than those illustrated, or a combination of certain components, or different component arrangements. Although not shown, the terminal device may further include a battery, a camera, a Bluetooth module, a Global Position System (GPS) module, a display screen, and the like, and details are not described herein.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a data transmission method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, the method may include:

401. The network device sends downlink data in a frequency hopping manner on at least one downlink time-frequency resource location.

The network device uses the frequency hopping technology to send downlink data to the terminal device, that is, the network device needs to perform hopping on multiple downlink channels in the process of transmitting downlink data to the terminal device, and uses different downlink channels at different times to send to the terminal device. Downstream data. The downlink channel bandwidth used by the network device to send downlink data to the terminal device may be 1.4 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz, that is, the granularity of the hopping may be 1.4 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz. It can be understood that the location of the downlink channel corresponds to the location of the frequency resource.

It should be noted that before the network device sends the downlink data in the frequency hopping manner on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location, the network device needs to first determine the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the network device may determine the downlink time frequency according to at least one of a frame number, a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, an Adaptive Channel Hopping Channel map (AFH_Channel_map), and a minimum number of channels. Resource location. For different parameter values, the network device can determine different downlink time-frequency resource locations, so that the network device can determine at least one downlink time-frequency resource location. The network device should determine the downlink time-frequency resource location according to at least the frame number and the physical cell identifier. Frame number indicates time information; physical cell identifier Indicates the cell in which the terminal device currently resides. After the terminal device resides in the cell, the network device can obtain the physical cell identifier; the downlink channel bandwidth indicates the system bandwidth; and the available channel list includes data used between the network device and the terminal device. The state of the transmitted channel; the minimum number of channels represents the number of channels used for data transmission between the network device and the terminal device. Then, the network device configures the frame number, the physical cell identifier, the downlink channel bandwidth, the available channel list, and the minimum number of channels to the terminal device through the fixed channel, so that the terminal device determines the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating a downlink channel number according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Table 3, the parameters in the calculation process in Fig. 10 are decomposed as follows.

table 3

Input value T0[3:0] Time Stamp (TimeStamp) [4:1] A1[3:0] Physical cell identity [3:0] B[5:3] Time stamp [10:8] B[2] XOR (TimeStamp[7], TimeStamp[0]) B[1] XOR (TimeStamp[6], TimeStamp[0]) B[0] XOR (TimeStamp[5], TimeStamp[0]) C 16*TimeStamp[0] A2[16:15] XOR (TimeStamp [18:17], PCI [5:4]) A2[14:3] TimeStamp[16:5] A2[2:0] 3’b0 D TimeStamp[19] E Frame number F Sub frame number

The frame number occupies 20 bits, the physical cell identifier (PCI) is 0-503, the channel bandwidth is 0 to 3. The available channel list (AFH_channel_map) occupies 16 bits, and the identification information of the terminal device occupies 16 bits, and the minimum number of channels is taken. The value can be any value from 1 to 75.

In addition, in a frequency domain of a downlink channel, the network device may use different physical resource blocks (PRBs) to transmit downlink data to different terminal devices. The network device also needs to configure, by using a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a PRB used for transmitting downlink data to the terminal device.

402. The terminal device determines at least one downlink time-frequency resource location that is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner.

After the network device sends the downlink data to the terminal device in the frequency hopping manner, the terminal device needs to determine the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location that is transmitted in the frequency hopping manner before receiving the downlink data. . For example, since the network device configures the frame number, the physical cell identifier, the downlink channel bandwidth, the available channel list, and the minimum number of channels to the terminal device through the fixed channel, and the PRB used by the network device to send the downlink data to the terminal device, The terminal device may determine the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location according to the frame number, the physical cell identifier, the downlink channel bandwidth, the available channel list, and the minimum number of channels. The terminal device should determine the downlink time-frequency resource location according to at least the frame number and the physical cell identifier.

403. The terminal device receives downlink data sent by the network device at a first downlink time-frequency resource location of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location.

After the terminal device determines the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location, the downlink data sent by the network device is received at the first downlink time-frequency resource location, that is, the downlink data sent by the network device is received on the specific PRB used for transmitting the downlink number. . The at least one downlink time-frequency resource location includes a first downlink time-frequency resource location. Certainly, if the network device determines that the terminal device needs to receive the downlink data sent by the network device at the second downlink time-frequency resource location, the terminal device receives the downlink data sent by the network device at the second downlink time-frequency resource location. It should be noted that the first time-frequency resource location does not include a fixed channel, and the frequency position of the fixed channel does not change. For example, CH0 is a fixed channel, and a fixed channel is used to transmit PSS, SSS, MIB, and the like.

404. The terminal device determines a first frequency domain range.

After receiving, by the terminal device, the downlink data sent by the network device on the first downlink time-frequency resource location of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location, the terminal device needs to determine the first frequency domain range, the first frequency domain range and the first downlink time The frequency domain range of the frequency resource location is the same, and the terminal device determines the first frequency domain range, that is, the frequency domain range of determining the first downlink time-frequency resource location. The frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location may be indicated by the first downlink channel number, so that the frequency domain range of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location may be indicated by the corresponding downlink channel number, respectively, The terminal device may determine the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location by determining the first downlink channel number.

For example, the terminal device may determine the first frequency domain range according to the method as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, that is, according to at least one of a frame number, a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, an available channel list, and a minimum number of channels. Determine the first frequency domain range. The terminal device should determine the first frequency domain range according to at least the frame number and the physical cell identifier. After receiving the downlink data, the terminal device can know the frame number, and the frame number indicates the time when the terminal device receives the current downlink data; the physical cell identifier is used to indicate the cell where the terminal device currently camps, and the terminal device can camp on the cell. Obtaining the physical cell identifier; the downlink channel bandwidth is used to indicate the maximum bandwidth of the downlink data sent by the network device to the terminal device, where the downlink channel bandwidth can be configured by the network device to the terminal device by using signaling; the available channel list includes the network device and the a state of a channel for data transmission between the terminal devices, the available channel list may be configured by the network device to the terminal device by signaling; the minimum number of channels is used to indicate the number of channels used for data transmission between the network device and the terminal device, The minimum number of channels may be configured by the network device to the terminal device through signaling, or may be pre-configured into the terminal device by a protocol. Then, the terminal device calculates the first downlink channel number according to at least one of a frame number, a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, an available channel list, and a minimum number of channels.

405. The terminal device determines a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location.

After the terminal device determines the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location, the terminal device determines a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location. The method for the terminal device to determine the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location may include the following two methods:

In an implementation manner, the terminal device may determine a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location according to a preset algorithm. The frequency domain range of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location may be indicated by the corresponding downlink channel number, and the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location may refer to the frequency of the multiple second time-frequency resource locations. Domain range, the same reason, the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location may also be indicated by at least one uplink sub-channel number. The terminal device determines at least one uplink subchannel number, and may determine at least one uplink subchannel number according to the frame number, the subframe number, and the identifier information of the terminal device. The frame number is a time when the terminal device receives the downlink data, and the terminal device can obtain the subframe number obtained by performing the cell search process on the fixed channel, and the identification information of the terminal device. The information may be a Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (CRNTI) or an International Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (IMSI).

For example, FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining an uplink subchannel number according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The terminal device may calculate a first downlink according to a frame number, a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, an available channel list, and a minimum number of channels. The channel number, and then determining at least one uplink subchannel number according to the frame number, the subframe number, and the identification information of the terminal device. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating an uplink subchannel number according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The decomposition of each parameter in the calculation process in Fig. 12 is as shown in Table 3.

In another implementation manner, in the case that the terminal device determines the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location based on the scheduling of the network device, the network device may pre-configure the virtual sub-channel number and the uplink for the terminal device through the fixed channel. The correspondence between the subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number includes time-related parameters, that is, the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number is different at different times. The correspondence is a time-dependent pseudo-random function that can be defined in advance by the protocol. It is assumed that the network device and the terminal device first calculate the location of the downlink channel corresponding to the 5 MHz bandwidth, and then the network device indicates the virtual channel number used by each terminal device by scheduling signaling (the 5 MHz bandwidth can correspond to 4 subbands, and each subband corresponds to one virtual Channel), the network device and the terminal device define a good correspondence (satisfying the pseudo-random requirement) through the protocol, and corresponding to the actual physical channel number. The terminal device transmits data at a frequency position corresponding to the actual physical channel number. For example, as shown in FIG. 13, a schematic diagram of a correspondence relationship between a virtual subchannel number and an uplink subchannel number. At time T1, virtual subchannel number 1 corresponds to uplink subchannel number 2, virtual subchannel number 2 corresponds to uplink subchannel number 1, virtual subchannel number 3 corresponds to uplink subchannel number 4, virtual subchannel number 4 and uplink Subchannel number 3 corresponds to; at time T2, virtual subchannel number 1 corresponds to uplink subchannel number 4, virtual subchannel number 2 corresponds to uplink subchannel number 2, and virtual subchannel number 3 corresponds to uplink subchannel number 1, The virtual subchannel number 4 corresponds to the uplink subchannel number 3. After the terminal device receives the at least one virtual subchannel number sent by the network device, the terminal device queries the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number according to the at least one virtual subchannel number, and determines at least one uplink subchannel number.

It should be noted that the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location may be the same as the first frequency domain range or within the first frequency domain. For example, when the uplink channel bandwidth is 1.4 MHz and the downlink channel bandwidth is 1.4 MHz, the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location may be the same as the first frequency domain range; when the uplink channel bandwidth is 1.4 MHz, the downlink channel bandwidth is 5 MHz. The frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is in the first frequency domain.

406. The terminal device sends uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location.

After determining the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location, the terminal device sends the uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location.

407. The network device receives the uplink data sent by the terminal device at the second time-frequency resource location.

After the terminal device sends the uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location, the network device receives the uplink data sent by the terminal device at the second time-frequency resource location. The frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is the same as the first frequency domain range, or in the first frequency domain range, the first frequency domain range is the same as the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location, the first The time-frequency resource location is the resource used by the network device to send downlink data to the terminal device.

For example, FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an uplink hopping and a downlink hopping pattern according to an embodiment of the present application. It is assumed that the downlink channel bandwidth is 5 MHz, the transmission duration is 20 ms, the uplink subchannel bandwidth is 1.4 MHz, and the transmission duration is 5ms, wherein the data transmission methods of the terminal device 1 to the terminal device 8 according to the embodiments of the present application perform frequency hopping in the frequency domain of the downlink channel bandwidth, and send uplink data to the network device, that is, the uplink subchannels are all in the downlink. Within the range of channel bandwidth.

In the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application, before the terminal device sends the uplink data to the network device in the frequency hopping manner, the terminal device needs to determine the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location for receiving the downlink data, and then Determining a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location used by the terminal device to send the uplink data to the network device, so that when the terminal device sends the uplink data to the network device in a frequency hopping manner, the second time-frequency resource location used is The frequency range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location is within the frequency domain, so that when multiple terminal devices send uplink data to the network device in the same frequency hopping manner, the network device can receive multiple terminals to send in a narrow frequency band. The uplink data is also in line with the purpose of reducing the interference with other systems by frequency hopping by network devices and terminal devices.

In addition, after the terminal device determines the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location, if the terminal device uses the uplink sub-channel corresponding to the at least one uplink sub-channel number, the available duration is smaller than the first downlink channel corresponding to the first downlink channel number. The available time length, the terminal device performs frequency hopping in the frequency range of the first downlink channel, and sends uplink data to the network device, where the first downlink channel is a channel for the terminal device to receive downlink data sent by the network device, and the first downlink channel number is used. The frequency domain range of the indicated first downlink time-frequency resource location, that is, the first downlink channel; similarly, the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location indicated by the uplink sub-channel number, that is, the uplink sub-channel. For example, suppose that the terminal device transmits data for a maximum duration of 5 ms and then stops for 5 ms, and then stays on the downlink channel for a maximum of 30 ms. As shown in FIG. 14, if the terminal device 1 transmits the data on the first uplink subchannel (shown on the first line in FIG. 14) for a duration of less than 5 ms, that is, the terminal device 1 is in the current 5 MHz downlink channel. If the duration of the uplink data transmission is less than 30 ms, the terminal device 1 may perform another frequency hopping in the 5 MHz downlink channel, and the terminal device 1 is on the second uplink subchannel (shown on the second line in FIG. 14). send data.

It should be noted that the channel division of the cellular communication system is determined by the network device and notified to the terminal device. Therefore, regardless of uplink (UL) transmission (the terminal device is the transmitting end, the network device is the receiving end) or the downlink. Downlink (DL) transmission (the network device is the transmitting end and the terminal device is the receiving end), the network device always knows which frequency bands in the frequency domain belong to the frequency domain range of the uplink channel, and which frequency bands belong to the frequency domain range of the downlink channel. Therefore, the terminal device determines that the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is indicated by the network device. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 15, in step 401, before the network device sends the downlink data to the terminal device in the frequency hopping manner on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location, the embodiment of the present application may further include the following steps:

408. The network device sends the physical cell identifier, the downlink channel bandwidth, the available channel list, and the minimum number of channels to the terminal device.

The network device transmits at least one of a physical cell identity, a downlink channel bandwidth, a list of available channels, and a minimum number of channels to the terminal device. The terminal device calculates the frequency domain range of the downlink time-frequency resource location for receiving the downlink data according to the physical cell identifier, the downlink channel bandwidth, the available channel list, and the minimum number of channels. The physical cell identifier is used to indicate the cell where the terminal device is located, and the downlink channel bandwidth is used to indicate the maximum bandwidth of the downlink data sent by the network device to the terminal device, where the available channel list includes a channel used for data transmission between the network device and the terminal device. status.

409. The terminal device receives a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, a list of available channels, and a minimum number of channels sent by the network device.

410. The network device sends at least one virtual subchannel number to the terminal device, and the terminal is fixed through the fixed channel. The device configures the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number.

The correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number includes time-related parameters, so that the terminal device determines the second time-frequency resource location used for transmitting the uplink data to the network device.

411. The terminal device receives at least one virtual subchannel number sent by the network device, and configures a correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number for the terminal device by using the fixed channel.

The interference generated by the uplink data sent by the terminal device to the network device and the uplink data sent by the other terminal device to the network device are avoided. It can also include the following steps:

412. The network device can also determine a moment when the terminal device uses the channel.

The channel includes all downlink channels used by the network device to send downlink data to the terminal device, and all uplink subchannels used by the terminal device to send uplink data to the network device.

If the available length of the uplink subchannel corresponding to the at least one uplink subchannel number is less than the available duration of the first downlink channel corresponding to the first downlink channel number, the following steps may be included:

413. The network device sends a first indication and a second indication to the terminal device.

The first indication is used to indicate a time-frequency resource used by the terminal device to send uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location. In order for the terminal device to determine a second time-frequency resource location for transmitting uplink data to the network device. Or the first indication is used to indicate a time resource used by the terminal device to send uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location. The terminal device determines the second time resource location for transmitting the uplink data to the network device, and the terminal device calculates the frequency domain resource by using a pre-defined calculation method of the frequency hopping.

The second indication is used to indicate that the terminal device performs frequency hopping within a frequency range of the first downlink channel. The first downlink channel is a channel used by the terminal device to receive downlink data, and the frequency domain range of the at least one uplink subchannel is in a frequency domain range of the first downlink channel.

414. The terminal device receives a first indication and a second indication sent by the network device.

The solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is mainly introduced from the perspective of interaction between the network elements. It can be understood that each network element, such as a communication device, includes hardware structures and/or software modules for performing respective functions in order to implement the above functions. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention can be implemented in a combination of hardware or hardware and computer software in combination with the algorithm steps of the various examples described in the embodiments disclosed herein. Whether a function is implemented in hardware or computer software to drive hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the solution. A person skilled in the art can use different methods for implementing the described functions for each particular application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the present application may divide the function module into the communication device according to the foregoing method example. For example, each function module may be divided according to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing module. The above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules. It should be noted that the division of the module in the embodiment of the present application is schematic, and is only a logical function division, and the actual implementation may have another division manner.

FIG. 16 shows a possible composition diagram of the communication device involved in the above and the embodiments, as shown in FIG. 16, the communication device 50 may include: a processing unit. 501. A receiving unit 502 and a transmitting unit 503.

The processing unit 501 is configured to support the communication device to perform steps 402, 404, and 405 in the data transmission method shown in FIG. 8, and steps 402, 404, and 405 in the data transmission method shown in FIG.

The receiving unit 502 is configured to support the communication device to perform step 403 in the data transmission method shown in FIG. 8, and steps 409, 411, 414, and 404 in the data transmission method shown in FIG.

The sending unit 503 is configured to support the communication device to perform step 406 in the data transmission method shown in FIG. 8, step 406 in the data transmission method shown in FIG.

It should be noted that all the related content of the steps involved in the foregoing method embodiments may be referred to the functional descriptions of the corresponding functional modules, and details are not described herein again.

The communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application is configured to execute the above data transmission method, so that the same effect as the above data transmission method can be achieved.

In the case where an integrated unit is employed, FIG. 17 shows another possible composition diagram of the communication device involved in the above embodiment. As shown in FIG. 17, the communication device 60 includes a processing module 601 and a communication module 602.

The processing module 601 is configured to control and manage the action of the communication device. For example, the processing module 601 is configured to support the communication device to perform steps 402, 404, and 405 in the terminal device shown in FIG. 8, in the data transmission method shown in FIG. Steps 402, 404, 405, and/or other processes for the techniques described herein. Communication module 602 is used to support communication of communication devices with other network entities, such as communication with the network devices shown in FIG. The communication device can also include a storage module 603 for storing program code and data of the communication device.

The processing module 601 can be a processor or a controller. It is possible to implement or carry out the various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure. The processor can also be a combination of computing functions, for example, including one or more microprocessor combinations, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, and the like. The communication module 602 can be a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, a communication interface, or the like. The storage module 603 can be a memory.

When the processing module 601 is a processor, the communication module 602 is a communication interface, and the storage module 603 is a memory, the communication device according to the embodiment of the present application may be the terminal device shown in FIG. 7.

FIG. 18 shows a possible composition diagram of the communication apparatus involved in the above and the embodiments, as shown in FIG. 18, the communication apparatus 70 may include: a transmitting unit, in the case of dividing each functional module by a corresponding function. 701. Receive unit 702.

The sending unit 701 is configured to support the communication device to perform step 401 in the data transmission method shown in FIG. 8. Steps 401, 408, 410, 413 for supporting the communication device to execute the data transmission method shown in FIG.

The receiving unit 702 is configured to support the communication device to perform step 407 in the data transmission method shown in FIG. 8, step 407 in the data transmission method shown in FIG.

In the embodiment of the present application, further, as shown in FIG. 18, the terminal device may further include: a processing unit 703. The processing unit 703 is configured to support the communication device to perform step 412 in the data transmission method shown in FIG.

It should be noted that all the related content of the steps involved in the foregoing method embodiments may be referred to the functional descriptions of the corresponding functional modules, and details are not described herein again.

The communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application is configured to execute the above data transmission method, so that the same effect as the above data transmission method can be achieved.

In the case of employing an integrated unit, FIG. 19 shows another possible composition diagram of the communication device involved in the above embodiment. As shown in FIG. 19, the communication device 80 includes a processing module 801 and a communication module 802.

The processing module 801 is configured to control and manage the actions of the communication device. Communication module 802 is used to support communication The device communicates with other network entities, such as with the terminal device shown in FIG. The communication device can also include a storage module 803 for storing program code and data of the communication device.

The processing module 801 can be a processor or a controller. It is possible to implement or carry out the various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure. The processor can also be a combination of computing functions, for example, including one or more microprocessor combinations, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, and the like. The communication module 802 can be a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, a communication interface, or the like. The storage module 803 can be a memory.

When the processing module 801 is a processor, the communication module 802 is a transceiver, and the storage module 803 is a memory, the communication device according to the embodiment of the present application may be the network device shown in FIG. 6.

Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, only the division of the above functional modules is illustrated. In practical applications, the above functions can be allocated according to needs. It is completed by different functional modules, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

In the several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be another division manner, for example, multiple units or components may be used. The combination may be integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.

The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple different places. . Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.

The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product, may be stored in a readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application may be embodied in the form of a software product in the form of a software product in essence or in the form of a contribution to the prior art, and the software product is stored in a storage medium. A number of instructions are included to cause a device (which may be a microcontroller, chip, etc.) or a processor to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. .

The above is only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention. . Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (40)

A data transmission method, comprising: The terminal device determines at least one downlink time-frequency resource location that is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner; Receiving, by the terminal device, downlink data sent by the network device, at a first downlink time-frequency resource location of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location; Determining, by the terminal device, a first frequency domain range, where the first frequency domain range is the same as a frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location; The terminal device determines a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location, where the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is the same as the first frequency domain range, or is within the first frequency domain range; The terminal device sends uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location. The method according to claim 1, wherein the frequency domain ranges of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location are respectively indicated by corresponding downlink channel numbers. The method according to claim 2, wherein the determining, by the terminal device, the first frequency domain range comprises: Determining, by the terminal device, at least one of a frame number, a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, an available channel list, and a minimum number of channels, where the frame number is used to indicate a time when the terminal device receives the downlink data, The physical cell identifier is used to indicate the cell where the terminal device is located, and the downlink channel bandwidth is used to indicate that the network device sends the maximum bandwidth of the downlink data to the terminal device, where the available channel list includes the network device. a state of a channel for performing data transmission with the terminal device, the minimum number of channels being used to indicate a number of channels used for data transmission between the network device and the terminal device; The terminal device obtains a first downlink channel number according to at least one of a frame number, a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, an available channel list, and a minimum number of channels determined by the terminal device, where the first downlink channel is used. The number is used to indicate the first frequency domain range. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the determining, by the terminal device, a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location, specifically includes: Determining, by the terminal device, a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location according to a preset algorithm; or The terminal device determines a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location based on a scheduling of the network device. The method according to claim 4, wherein the determining, by the terminal device, the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location according to a preset algorithm, specifically includes: The terminal device determines at least one uplink subchannel number, and the at least one uplink subchannel number is used to indicate a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location. The method according to claim 5, wherein the determining, by the terminal device, the at least one uplink subchannel number comprises: The terminal device determines the at least one uplink subchannel number according to the frame number, the subframe number, and the identifier information of the terminal device. The method according to claim 5, wherein before the determining, by the terminal device, the at least one uplink subchannel number, the method further comprises: The terminal device receives at least one virtual subchannel number sent by the network device. The method according to claim 7, wherein said terminal device determines said at least one The subchannel number of the line, including: Determining, by the terminal device, the at least one uplink subchannel number according to the at least one virtual subchannel number and the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number, where the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number includes Time related parameters. The method according to claim 8, wherein the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number is that the network device is preconfigured for the terminal device through a fixed channel. The method according to any one of claims 5-9, wherein the terminal device sends the uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location, which specifically includes: If the available time length of the uplink subchannel corresponding to the at least one uplink subchannel number is smaller than the available duration of the first downlink channel corresponding to the first downlink channel number, the terminal device is in the first downlink channel. The frequency hopping is performed within the frequency range, and the uplink data is sent to the network device. A data transmission method, comprising: The network device sends the downlink data on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location in a frequency hopping manner, where the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location includes the first downlink time-frequency resource location; Receiving, by the network device, the uplink data sent by the terminal device at the second time-frequency resource location, where the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is the same as the first frequency domain range, or within the first frequency domain range The first frequency domain range is the same as the frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location, where the first downlink time-frequency resource location is used by the network device to send downlink data to the terminal device. H. The method according to claim 11, wherein before the receiving, by the network device, the uplink data sent by the terminal device, the method further includes: The network device sends a first indication to the terminal device, where the first indication is used to indicate that the terminal device sends the time-frequency resource used by the uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location. . The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein before the transmitting, by the network device, the downlink data on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location in a frequency hopping manner, the method further includes: The network device determines the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location that is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the frequency domain ranges of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location are respectively indicated by corresponding downlink channel numbers. The method according to claim 14, wherein the method further comprises: before the network device sends the downlink data on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location in a frequency hopping manner, the method further comprises: Transmitting, by the network device, at least one of a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, an available channel list, and a minimum number of channels, where the physical cell identifier is used to indicate a cell where the terminal device is located, and the downlink channel The bandwidth is used to indicate the maximum bandwidth of the downlink data sent by the network device to the terminal device, and the available channel list includes a state of a channel for data transmission between the network device and the terminal device. The method according to claim 14, wherein the method further comprises: before the network device sends the downlink data on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location in a frequency hopping manner, the method further comprises: The network device sends at least one virtual subchannel number to the terminal device. The method according to claim 16, wherein before the transmitting, by the network device, the downlink data on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location in a frequency hopping manner, the method further includes: The network device configures a correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number for the terminal device by using a fixed channel, where the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number includes a time-related parameter. The method of claim 17, wherein the method further comprises: before the network device transmits the downlink data on the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location by means of frequency hopping, the method further comprising: Determining, by the network device, a time when the terminal device uses a channel, where the channel includes all downlink channels used by the network device to send downlink data to the terminal device, and the terminal device sends uplink data to the network device All upstream subchannels used. The method according to claim 18, wherein if the terminal device uses the uplink subchannel corresponding to the at least one uplink subchannel number, the available duration is less than the available duration of the first downlink channel corresponding to the first downlink channel number. The network device sends a second indication to the terminal device, where the second indication is used to indicate that the terminal device performs frequency hopping in a frequency range of the first downlink channel. A communication device, comprising: a processing unit, configured to determine at least one downlink time-frequency resource location that is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner; a receiving unit, configured to receive downlink data sent by the network device at a first downlink time-frequency resource location of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location; The processing unit is further configured to determine a first frequency domain range, where the first frequency domain range is the same as a frequency domain range of the first downlink time-frequency resource location; The processing unit is further configured to determine a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location, where the frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is the same as the first frequency domain range, or in the first frequency domain Within the scope; And a sending unit, configured to send uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location. The communication device according to claim 20, wherein the frequency domain ranges of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location are respectively indicated by corresponding downlink channel numbers. The communication device according to claim 21, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to: Determining at least one of a frame number, a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, a list of available channels, and a minimum number of channels, where the frame number is used to indicate a time at which the terminal device receives the downlink data, where the physical cell identifier is used The downlink channel bandwidth is used to indicate that the network device sends the maximum bandwidth of the downlink data to the terminal device, where the available channel list includes the network device and the terminal. a state of a channel for data transmission between devices, the minimum number of channels being used to indicate a number of channels used for data transmission between the network device and the terminal device; Obtaining, according to at least one of a frame number, a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, an available channel list, and a minimum number of channels determined by the terminal device, a first downlink channel number, where the first downlink channel number is used to indicate The first frequency domain range. The communication device according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to: Determining, according to a preset algorithm, a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location; or Determining a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location based on scheduling of the network device. The communication device according to claim 23, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to: Determining at least one uplink subchannel number, the at least one uplink subchannel number being used to indicate a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location. The communication device according to claim 24, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to: And determining, according to the frame number, the subframe number, and the identifier information of the terminal device, the at least one uplink subchannel number. The communication device according to claim 24, wherein the receiving unit is further configured to: Receiving at least one virtual subchannel number sent by the network device. The communication device according to claim 26, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to: Determining the at least one uplink subchannel number according to the at least one virtual subchannel number and the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number, where the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number includes a time-related parameter . The communication device according to claim 27, wherein the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number is that the network device is preconfigured for the terminal device through a fixed channel. The communication device according to any one of claims 24 to 28, wherein the processing unit is further configured to: If the available duration of the uplink subchannel corresponding to the at least one uplink subchannel number is smaller than the available duration of the first downlink channel corresponding to the first downlink channel number, performing frequency hopping in the frequency range of the first downlink channel, Sending uplink data to the network device. A communication device, comprising: a sending unit, configured to send downlink data in a frequency hopping manner, where the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location includes a first downlink time-frequency resource location; a receiving unit, configured to receive uplink data sent by the terminal device at a second time-frequency resource location, where a frequency domain range of the second time-frequency resource location is the same as a first frequency domain range, or in the first frequency domain range The first frequency domain range is the same as the frequency domain of the first downlink time-frequency resource location, where the first downlink time-frequency resource location is that the network device sends downlink data to the terminal device. Resources used. The communication device according to claim 30, characterized in that The sending unit is further configured to send a first indication to the terminal device, where the first indication is used to indicate that the terminal device sends uplink data to the network device at the second time-frequency resource location. Time-frequency resources. The communication device according to claim 30 or 31, wherein the network device further comprises: And a processing unit, configured to determine the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location that is transmitted in a frequency hopping manner. The communication device according to any one of claims 30 to 32, wherein the frequency domain ranges of the at least one downlink time-frequency resource location are respectively indicated by corresponding downlink channel numbers. A communication device according to claim 33, wherein The sending unit is further configured to send, to the terminal device, at least one of a physical cell identifier, a downlink channel bandwidth, an available channel list, and a minimum number of channels, where the physical cell identifier is used to indicate a cell where the terminal device is located, The downlink channel bandwidth is used to indicate a maximum bandwidth of the downlink data sent by the network device to the terminal device, where the available channel list includes a state of a channel used for data transmission between the network device and the terminal device. . A communication device according to claim 33, wherein The sending unit is further configured to send at least one virtual subchannel number to the terminal device. The communication device according to claim 35, characterized in that The sending unit is further configured to configure a correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number for the terminal device by using a fixed channel, where the correspondence between the virtual subchannel number and the uplink subchannel number includes a time-related parameter. A communication device according to claim 36, wherein The processing unit is further configured to determine a time when the terminal device uses a channel, where the channel includes all downlink channels used by the network device to send downlink data to the terminal device, and the terminal device sends the downlink device to the network All uplink subchannels used by the device to send upstream data. The communication device according to claim 37, wherein if the terminal device uses the uplink subchannel corresponding to the at least one uplink subchannel number, the available duration is smaller than the available first downlink channel corresponding to the first downlink channel number. duration, The sending unit is further configured to send a second indication, where the second indication is used to indicate that the terminal device performs frequency hopping in a frequency range of the first downlink channel. A communication device, comprising: at least one processor and a memory; The memory is for storing computer software instructions that, when the processor is running, execute the computer software instructions stored in the memory to implement the data of any one of claims 1-19 Transmission method. A computer readable storage medium, comprising: computer software instructions; The data transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 is implemented when the computer software instructions are executed by a processor.

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