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WO2019030795A1 - Système de production d'énergie solaire - Google Patents

Système de production d'énergie solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019030795A1
WO2019030795A1 PCT/JP2017/028565 JP2017028565W WO2019030795A1 WO 2019030795 A1 WO2019030795 A1 WO 2019030795A1 JP 2017028565 W JP2017028565 W JP 2017028565W WO 2019030795 A1 WO2019030795 A1 WO 2019030795A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
battery
voltage
composite battery
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2017/028565
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
壽 塚本
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Connexx Systems Corp
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Connexx Systems Corp
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Priority to PCT/JP2017/028565 priority Critical patent/WO2019030795A1/fr
Publication of WO2019030795A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019030795A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar power generation system provided with a composite battery in which different types of batteries are connected in parallel.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a power control apparatus capable of increasing the operation rate of a power transmission facility and a transformation facility of a commercial power grid by controlling charge and discharge of a power storage device.
  • a composite battery in which two types of secondary batteries having different properties are combined.
  • a lead storage battery and a lithium ion secondary battery are connected in parallel to increase the stored energy per weight while eliminating the need for expensive protection switches and protection circuits, and thus the cost of the entire composite battery.
  • a composite battery is disclosed that can be downed and, in particular, can improve low temperature power performance. Therefore, if such a composite battery is used for a solar power generation system, a system with high fluctuation absorption capacity at low temperature and a low cost can be constructed.
  • the secondary battery that constitutes the composite battery generally degrades with use period. Specifically, for example, the discharge capacity, the voltage when a predetermined current flows, and the like gradually decrease with the period of use. Therefore, in order to indicate whether or not the composite battery maintains the required performance, it is important to simply and accurately calculate the discharge characteristics at each time.
  • Patent Document 2 has not sufficiently considered the calculation of the discharge characteristics of the composite battery.
  • Patent Document 3 in a composite battery in which a lithium ion secondary battery is connected in parallel with a lead storage battery via a switch, calculation of discharge characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery is performed by comparing the current of the lithium ion secondary battery and the lead storage battery Techniques are disclosed that are based on values and internal resistance values. Further, Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for calculating the discharge characteristics of a lead storage battery using a Hall effect current sensor in a composite battery in which a nickel hydrogen secondary battery is connected in parallel with the lead storage battery. .
  • patent document 3 is calculating the discharge characteristic of a lithium ion secondary battery, there existed a problem that calculation of the discharge characteristic of the lead acid battery and the composite battery as a whole was not fully considered.
  • patent document 4 is calculating the discharge characteristic of a lead storage battery, there existed a problem that calculation of the discharge characteristic of the nickel-hydrogen secondary battery and the composite battery as a whole was not fully considered.
  • the reason why neither of Patent Documents 3 and 4 is sufficiently studied about the calculation of the discharge characteristics of the entire composite battery is that the deterioration rates of the two types of secondary batteries constituting the composite battery are different from each other. It is because it is difficult to grasp the deterioration state.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the conventional problems as described above, and the object of the present invention is to provide two types of different characteristics, which have high ability to absorb fluctuation at low temperatures and low cost. It is an object of the present invention to provide a photovoltaic power generation system capable of calculating the discharge characteristics of the entire composite battery in which the secondary batteries are connected in parallel simply and accurately. In addition to the above objects, another object of the present invention is to improve the power generation efficiency, minimize the installation area, improve the safety of the composite battery and improve the charge acceptance and recyclability of the peak power, and the user more than before. It is an object of the present invention to provide a photovoltaic power generation system which can improve the sense of security of the vehicle and distribute the risk at the time of failure and can be manufactured in a small size.
  • the present inventor firstly performs the first function showing the relationship between the charge ratio of the lithium ion secondary battery constituting the composite battery part and the discharge capacity of the composite battery, And a second function showing the relationship between the discharge capacity and the open circuit voltage of the composite battery in advance, and then the charge ratio of the lithium ion secondary battery calculated based on the amount of electricity entering and leaving the lithium ion secondary battery Applying to the first function, calculate the discharge capacity of the composite battery, and using the value, the second function, the voltage of the composite battery, and the current flowing to the composite battery, the composite when discharged continuously at a predetermined current It has been found that the discharge characteristics of the entire composite battery can be calculated simply and with high accuracy by calculating the discharge residual capacity of the battery.
  • the inventor of the present invention discharges the entire composite battery by performing the above series of calculations when the current exchanged between the lithium ion secondary battery and the lead storage battery is small and the battery state hardly changes. It has been found that the characteristics can be calculated with higher accuracy, resulting in the present invention.
  • a string having at least one solar power generation panel and generating power from solar energy and outputting DC power and a string connected to the string, of the DC power output from the string DC / DC converter for converting and outputting a voltage
  • a battery state monitor for monitoring the state of the composite battery unit connected to the DC / DC converter and charged by DC power output from the DC / DC converter Device, an inverter connected to the DC / DC converter and the composite battery unit, and converting the DC power output from the DC / DC converter and the DC power discharged by the composite battery unit into AC power and controlling the inverter
  • the composite battery unit is configured by connecting a lithium ion secondary battery and a non-lithium ion secondary battery in parallel
  • the state monitoring device includes a voltage detection unit that detects a voltage value of the composite battery unit, a current detection unit that detects a current value flowing to the composite battery unit, an amount of electricity that flows into and out of the lithium ion secondary battery, and a
  • a charging rate detection unit that detects at least one of the voltage values of the battery and calculates the charging rate of the lithium ion secondary battery, and a value detected or calculated by the voltage detection unit, the current detection unit, and the charging rate detection unit And a characteristic calculation unit that calculates discharge characteristics of the battery unit.
  • a second embodiment of the present invention is a string having at least one photovoltaic power generation panel, which generates electric power from solar energy and outputs DC power, and is connected to the string, and is connected to the string; DC / DC converter for converting and outputting a voltage, and a battery state monitor for monitoring the state of the composite battery unit connected to the DC / DC converter and charged by DC power output from the DC / DC converter DC power output from the DC / DC converter and the DC discharged by the composite battery unit, connected to the plurality of dispersion units each composed of the device, each DC / DC converter of the plurality of dispersion units, and each composite battery unit
  • the composite battery unit includes an inverter that converts power into AC power and outputs the AC power, and a control device that controls the inverter.
  • the battery state monitoring device is configured by connecting in parallel a secondary battery and a non-lithium ion secondary battery, and the battery state monitoring device detects a voltage detection unit that detects a voltage value of the composite battery unit and a current value flowing to the composite battery unit
  • a solar power generation system is provided, including: a characteristic calculation unit that calculates discharge characteristics of a composite battery unit using values detected or calculated by a detection unit, a current detection unit, and a charging rate detection unit.
  • the DC / DC converter is preferably controlled to follow the maximum power point of the string.
  • the control device preferably controls the power conversion operation of the inverter such that the voltage of the DC power input to the inverter is maintained between the upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage of the composite battery unit. Further, the control device starts the power conversion of the inverter when the voltage of the DC power input to the inverter rises to the full charge voltage of the composite battery part set in advance, and the discharge termination voltage of the composite cell part set in advance It is preferable to control the inverter so as to stop the power conversion of the inverter when it has dropped to the maximum.
  • the characteristic calculation unit further calculates at least one of the charging rate and the deterioration rate of the composite battery unit using the discharge characteristics of the composite battery unit.
  • at least a part of the composite battery unit is preferably disposed inside a gantry that supports the opposite side of the sunlight receiving surface of the string from below.
  • the variable absorption capacity at low temperature is high and the cost is low, and the discharge characteristics of the entire composite battery in which two types of secondary batteries having different properties are connected in parallel are simple and high. It can be calculated to accuracy.
  • the power generation efficiency is improved more than before, the installation area is minimized, the safety of the composite battery and the charge acceptance and recyclability of peak power are improved, and the user's peace of The feeling can be improved, and the risk at the time of failure can be dispersed, and can be manufactured in a small size.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a photovoltaic system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a battery state monitoring device of the solar power generation system of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a calculation method of the battery state monitoring device of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph schematically showing the discharge capacity-voltage characteristics of the composite battery unit of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a first modification of the battery state monitoring device of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a second modification of the battery state monitoring device of FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a third modification of the battery state monitoring device of FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a first modification of the composite battery unit of the solar power generation system of FIG.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram for explaining a second modification of the composite battery unit of the solar power generation system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a photovoltaic system
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a photovoltaic system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the solar power generation system 10 (also referred to as a PV booster) includes a string 12, a DC / DC converter 14, an inverter 16, a control device 18, a composite battery unit 30, and a battery state monitoring device 40.
  • the string 12 has at least one solar power generation panel, generates electric power from solar energy, and outputs DC power.
  • the DC / DC converter 14 is connected to the string 12 and converts and outputs the voltage of the DC power output from the string 12.
  • the inverter 16 is connected to the DC / DC converter 14 and the composite battery unit 30, converts the DC power output from the DC / DC converter 14 and the DC power discharged from the composite battery unit 30 into AC power and outputs the AC power.
  • the controller 18 controls the inverter 16.
  • the composite battery unit 30 is connected to the DC / DC converter 14, is charged by the DC power output from the DC / DC converter 14, and is configured by connecting in parallel a lithium ion secondary battery 32 and a non-lithium ion secondary battery 34. Be done.
  • the battery state monitoring device 40 monitors the state of the composite battery unit 30.
  • the solar energy is converted into electrical energy by irradiating the solar light to each of the one or more photovoltaic panels constituting the string 12, and the resulting DC power is transmitted to the DC / DC converter 14.
  • the voltage is supplied to the inverter 16 via the inverter 16 and converted into AC power by the inverter 16 and then supplied to the external circuit 20.
  • the control device 18 controls the inverter 16 based on the calculation result of the battery state monitoring device 40 that monitors the state of the composite battery unit 30.
  • Composite battery unit 30 is an assembly of secondary batteries in which lithium ion secondary battery 32 and non-lithium ion secondary battery 34, that is, secondary batteries other than lithium ion secondary batteries are connected in parallel (hereinafter referred to as composite battery It consists of
  • the lithium ion secondary battery 32 is a series-parallel connection of one or more lithium ion secondary batteries
  • the non-lithium ion secondary battery 34 is a series-parallel connection of one or more non-lithium ion secondary batteries It is connected.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a battery state monitoring device of the solar power generation system of FIG.
  • the battery state monitoring device 40 includes a voltage detection unit 42, a current detection unit 44, a charging rate detection unit 46, and a characteristic calculation unit 48.
  • the voltage detection unit 42 detects a voltage value of the composite battery unit 30, and the current detection unit 44 detects a current value flowing to the composite battery unit 30.
  • the charging rate detection unit 46 detects at least one of the amount of electricity entering and leaving the lithium ion secondary battery 32 and the voltage value of the lithium ion secondary battery 32, and calculates the charging rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 32.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 48 calculates the discharge characteristics of the composite battery constituting the composite battery unit 30 using the values detected or calculated by the voltage detection unit 42, the current detection unit 44, and the charging rate detection unit 46.
  • the voltage detection unit 42 includes, for example, a voltage sensor and an A / D converter, and has a characteristic of a voltage of a digital value obtained by A / D converting the voltage value of the composite battery unit 30 detected by the voltage sensor. It is output to the calculation unit 48.
  • the current detection unit 44 is composed of, for example, a current sensor and an A / D converter, and the characteristic calculation unit is a digital value current obtained by A / D converting the current value of the composite battery unit 30 detected by the current sensor. Output to 48.
  • the current sensor is, for example, a clamp current meter represented by a current transformer (CT) or a Hall effect current sensor, and may be configured from a shunt resistor and a voltmeter.
  • CT current transformer
  • Hall effect current sensor may be configured from a shunt resistor and a voltmeter.
  • the charging rate detection unit 46 includes, for example, a coulomb counter 46a, a charging rate calculation unit, and an A / D converter, and the amount of electricity flowing into and out of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 detected by the coulomb counter 46a is a lithium ion secondary battery
  • the charging rate of 32 is calculated, and the charging rate of the digital value obtained by A / D converting the value is output to the characteristic calculating unit 48.
  • the charging rate detection unit 46 calculates the charging rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 from the voltage value of the composite battery unit 30 output from the voltage detection unit 42 as indicated by the arrow 46b instead of the coulomb counter 46a.
  • the value may be output to the characteristic calculation unit 48. In this case, a relational expression of the voltage of the composite battery unit 30 and the charge ratio of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 is measured and determined in advance, and the charge ratio of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 is calculated based on the relational expression.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 48 calculates the voltage value of the composite battery unit 30 detected by the voltage detection unit 42, the current value flowing to the composite battery unit 30 detected by the current detection unit 44, and the charge ratio detection unit 46.
  • the charge rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 is used to calculate the discharge characteristics of the composite battery.
  • the discharge characteristics of the composite battery calculated by the characteristic calculation unit 48 are output to an external device 52 that operates to achieve a predetermined purpose.
  • the battery state monitoring device 40 can be incorporated into, for example, an automobile idle stop system, a stationary storage system, an uninterruptible power supply system, or a backup power supply system.
  • the load 50 is connected in parallel to the composite battery unit 30, and corresponds to the inverter 16 of FIG.
  • the non-lithium ion secondary battery 34 may be a secondary battery such as a sodium-sulfur battery, a redox flow battery etc. as long as it is other than a lithium ion secondary battery, but an aqueous solution secondary using an aqueous electrolyte Preferably, it is a battery 34a.
  • a widely spread product infrastructure can be used, so the solar power generation system 10 of the present invention is low in cost, and improves the recyclability of the composite battery more than before. be able to.
  • the charge rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 of the battery state monitoring device 40 is determined by the current integration method based on the amount of electricity flowing into and out of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 detected by the charge rate detection unit 46. It may be calculated by at least one of the voltage reference method based on the detected voltage value of the lithium ion secondary battery 32. Furthermore, the charging rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 may be calculated by previously measuring and storing the discharge characteristics and temperature characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery 32, and using these for calculation. It may be calculated using the value of the impedance of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 obtained by monitoring the voltage, current, and temperature.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 48 may include the communication unit 48 a.
  • the communication unit 48 a transmits the discharge characteristic calculated by the characteristic calculation unit 48 to the external device 52. That is, the communication unit 48a is not particularly limited as long as it transmits digital information by wire or wirelessly.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 48 may include a storage unit 48 b.
  • the storage unit 48 b stores the discharge characteristics calculated by the characteristic calculation unit 48 in time series. That is, the storage unit 48 b is not particularly limited as long as the storage unit 48 b holds digital information for a fixed period for a fixed period.
  • the communication unit 48 a may transmit the past discharge characteristics stored in the storage unit 48 b to the external device 52.
  • the external device 52 is connected to the load 50, that is, the inverter 16 in a wired or wireless manner, and controls the operation of the load 50 based on the discharge characteristic transmitted by the communication unit 48a. Equivalent to.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a calculation method of the battery state monitoring device of FIG. 2
  • FIG. 4 is a graph schematically showing a discharge capacity-voltage characteristic of the composite battery part of FIG.
  • the composite battery unit 30 is one in which the lithium ion secondary battery 32 and the aqueous solution type secondary battery 34 a are connected in parallel, but the measurement accuracy of the charging rate of the aqueous solution type secondary battery 34 a is the lithium ion secondary battery 32. Low compared to. This is because it is difficult to calculate the charging rate by integrating the current value flowing to the aqueous secondary battery 34a because the water decomposition reaction which is a side reaction always occurs during charge and discharge of the aqueous secondary battery 34a. Because the charge / discharge reaction of the aqueous solution type secondary battery 34a is an uneven reaction, the charge / discharge voltage is essentially flat, and the charge rate is calculated from the voltage of the aqueous solution type secondary battery 34a. Because it is difficult. Therefore, the discharge capacity Q1 of the composite battery can not be calculated with high accuracy only by detecting the voltage value of the composite battery unit 30 or the current value flowing to the composite battery unit 30.
  • step S10 the characteristic calculation is performed by measuring in advance a first function indicating the relationship between the charge ratio of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 constituting the composite battery unit 30 and the discharge capacity of the composite battery.
  • the part 48 stores it.
  • step S12 the characteristic calculation unit 48 stores in advance a second function (curve A) indicating the relationship between the discharge capacity up to the maximum discharge capacity Q0 of the composite battery and the open circuit voltage. .
  • the order of step S10 and step S12 may be reversed.
  • step S20 the charging rate detection unit 46 calculates the charging rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 32.
  • step S22 the characteristic calculation unit 48 applies the charging rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 to the first function to calculate the discharge capacity Q1 of the composite battery.
  • step S24 the characteristic calculation unit 48 applies the discharge capacity Q1 of the composite battery to the second function to determine the open circuit voltage V1A of the composite battery at the discharge capacity Q1 of the composite battery.
  • step S26 the voltage detection unit 42 detects the voltage value V0 of the composite battery unit 30, the current detection unit 44 detects the current value I0 flowing through the composite battery unit 30, and the characteristic calculation unit 48 detects the value of the composite battery.
  • the value of the voltage V1B of 30 is determined.
  • step S28 the characteristic calculation unit 48 subtracts the value of I1 ⁇ V0 / I0 from the second function to discharge the composite battery unit 30 from the state of the discharge capacity Q1 at the current value I1. Calculate a function of voltage characteristics (curve B).
  • step S30 the discharge capacity Q2 at which the voltage of the composite battery unit 30 reaches the discharge termination voltage Vmin when discharge is continuously performed with the current value I1 is calculated.
  • step S32 the remaining discharge capacity Q2-Q1 of the composite battery unit 30 when discharging continuously with the current value I1 is calculated.
  • Characteristic calculation unit 48 further determines deterioration of composite battery unit 30 based on remaining discharge capacity Q2-Q1 and voltage V1B of composite battery unit 30 immediately after starting discharge with current value I1. It is good.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 48 further calculates at least one of the charging rate and the deterioration rate of the composite battery unit 30 using the discharge characteristics of the composite battery unit 30.
  • the charging rate also referred to as state of charge, state of charge, or SOC
  • SOC state of charge, state of charge, or SOC
  • the deterioration rate also referred to as state of health, SOH
  • Ru This deterioration is due to the loss of the active material of the lithium ion secondary battery 32, etc., and as a result, the internal resistance increases.
  • the above-described steps S20 to S22 are performed on the current composite battery unit 30, and the discharge capacity Q0 at which the open voltage of the current composite battery unit 30 reaches the discharge termination voltage Vmin, and the current composite battery unit 30.
  • the remaining discharge capacity Q0-Q1 at open time is calculated.
  • Q0 is equal to the full charge capacity at the time of opening of the current composite battery unit 30.
  • the remaining discharge capacity Q0-Q1 at the time of opening of the composite battery unit 30 is divided by Q0 equal to the full charge capacity at the time of opening of the current composite battery unit 30, and the charging rate of the composite battery unit 30 is determined.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 48 stores the initial internal resistance value of the composite battery unit 30, ie, the value of V0 / I0, in advance.
  • the above-mentioned steps S20 to S24 are executed to determine the value of the open circuit voltage V1A of the composite battery at the discharge capacity Q1 of the composite battery.
  • the above-described step S26 is executed using the internal resistance value of the initial composite battery unit 30, and the value of the voltage V1C of the initial composite battery unit 30 is determined.
  • step S28 is performed on the initial composite battery unit 30, and a function (curve C) of the discharge capacity-voltage characteristic of the initial composite battery unit 30 is calculated.
  • step S30 is performed on the initial composite battery unit 30, and the discharge capacity Q3 at which the voltage of the initial composite battery unit 30 reaches the discharge termination voltage Vmin is calculated.
  • Q3 is equal to the initial full charge capacity of the composite battery unit 30.
  • the above-described steps S20 to S30 are performed on the current composite battery unit 30, and the discharge capacity Q2 at which the voltage of the current composite battery unit 30 reaches the discharge termination voltage Vmin is calculated.
  • Q2 is equal to the current full charge capacity of the composite battery unit 30.
  • Q2 equal to the full charge capacity of the current composite battery unit 30 is divided by Q3 equal to the full charge capacity of the initial composite battery unit 30, and the deterioration rate of the composite battery unit 30 is determined.
  • the solar power generation system 10 of the present invention is equivalent to the conventional one by notifying it to the outside.
  • the present invention can be used to improve the safety of the composite battery and the user's sense of security.
  • Control device 18 starts power conversion of inverter 16 when the charging rate of composite battery unit 30 calculated by characteristic calculating unit 48 reaches the maximum charging rate set in advance, to the preset minimum charging rate. It is preferable to control the inverter 16 so as to stop the power conversion of the inverter 16 when it reaches. In addition, when the deterioration rate of composite battery unit 30 reaches a preset threshold value or more, control device 18 changes the maximum charging rate to a lower value or a higher value and the minimum charging rate to a higher value or more. The inverter 16 may be controlled to change to a low value. With such a configuration, since the lithium ion secondary battery 32 can be used more safely, the photovoltaic power generation system 10 of the present invention improves the safety of the composite battery more than before. It can be carried out.
  • the DC / DC converter 14 may or may not be controlled to follow the maximum power point of the string 12, but is preferably controlled.
  • a hill climbing method, a voltage tracking method, and the like are known.
  • the hill climbing method first acquires a voltage, then measures the power when the first minute fluctuation is given to the voltage, and further measures the power when the second minute fluctuation is given to the voltage, 2 It is repeated to adjust to the side where the power is increased by comparing the two powers. With such a configuration, the influence of solar radiation and temperature on the maximum power point can be reduced, so that the solar power generation system 10 of the present invention can improve the power generation efficiency more than conventional. .
  • Control device 18 may control the power conversion operation of inverter 16 in any manner, but the voltage of the DC power input to inverter 16 is maintained between upper limit voltage Vh and lower limit voltage Vl of composite battery unit 30.
  • the power conversion operation of the inverter 16 is controlled.
  • the voltage of the DC power input to the inverter 16 may be the voltage value of the composite battery unit 30 detected by the voltage detection unit 42.
  • the upper limit voltage Vh (also referred to as overcharge risk voltage or safety limit voltage) of the composite battery unit 30 is the upper limit value of the voltage safely applied between the positive and negative terminals of the composite battery unit 30.
  • the ion secondary battery 32 is a voltage that may cause breakage due to overcharge, for example, rupture or ignition.
  • the lower limit voltage V1 (also referred to as an overdischarge voltage) of the composite battery unit 30 is the lower limit value of the voltage safely applied between the positive and negative terminals of the composite battery unit 30, and the lithium ion secondary battery 32 is below this voltage. Damage due to overdischarge, for example, a voltage at which abnormal heating may occur due to elution of the electrode. With such a configuration, since the lithium ion secondary battery 32 can be used safely, the photovoltaic power generation system 10 of the present invention improves the safety of the composite battery more than before. Can.
  • Control device 18 starts power conversion of inverter 16 when the voltage of the DC power input to inverter 16 rises to the full charge voltage Vmax of composite battery unit 30 set in advance, and composite battery unit 30 set in advance is set. It is preferable to control the inverter 16 so as to stop the power conversion of the inverter 16 when it has dropped to the discharge termination voltage Vmin.
  • the full charge voltage Vmax of the composite battery unit 30 is a voltage preset by the system designer between the upper limit voltage Vh and the lower limit voltage Vl in order to stop the charging of the composite battery unit 30, and takes a long time It is a voltage at the start of discharge between the positive and negative electrode terminals of the composite battery unit 30 which gradually decreases during discharge.
  • the discharge termination voltage Vmin of the composite battery unit 30 is a voltage preset by the system designer between the upper limit voltage Vh and the lower limit voltage Vl to stop the discharge of the composite battery unit 30, and the composite battery unit 30 discharges Is the minimum voltage between the positive and negative terminals that will be reached.
  • the composite battery unit 30 may or may not be disposed inside the gantry supporting the opposite side of the sunlight receiving surface of the string 12 from below, but at least a portion thereof is disposed inside the gantry preferable.
  • the problem of the installation location is also small. With such a configuration, the problem of the installation place of the composite battery unit 30 can be reduced, so that the photovoltaic power generation system 10 of the present invention can minimize the installation area to the same level as the conventional one. it can.
  • the solar power generation system of the first embodiment of the present invention is basically configured as described above. With such a configuration, the photovoltaic power generation system 10 of the present invention has high ability to absorb fluctuation at low temperature and low cost, and two types of secondary batteries having different properties are provided in parallel.
  • the discharge characteristics of the entire connected composite battery can be calculated simply and accurately, and the power generation efficiency is improved, the installation area is minimized, and the combined battery safety and peak power charging acceptance are equal to or better than before. It is possible to improve the quality and recyclability, to improve the user's sense of security, and to disperse the risk at the time of failure.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a first modification of the battery state monitoring device of FIG.
  • the battery state monitoring device 60 includes a voltage detection unit 42, a current detection unit 44, a charging rate detection unit 46, and a characteristic calculation unit 62, and may further include a detection determination unit 64.
  • the charging rate detection unit 46 uses the amount of electricity entering and exiting the lithium ion secondary battery 32 detected by the coulomb counter 46a, or the voltage value of the composite battery unit 30 output from the voltage detection unit 42 as shown by the arrow 46b.
  • the charging rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 is calculated.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 62 may include a communication unit 48 a and a storage unit 48 b.
  • the battery state monitoring device 60 has the same configuration as the battery state monitoring device 40 except that it has the detection determination unit 64 and the characteristic calculation unit 62 that calculates the determination result of the detection determination unit 64.
  • the description of the same components will be omitted. Further, since the communication unit and the storage unit included in the characteristic calculation unit 62 are the same as the communication unit 48 a and the storage unit 48 b of the characteristic calculation unit 48, the description will be omitted.
  • Detection and determination unit 64 detects a current value flowing through lithium ion secondary battery 32 or aqueous solution secondary battery 34 a, and both of the detected value and the current value flowing through composite battery unit 30 detected by current detection unit 44 are detected. It is determined whether it is less than or equal to each predetermined threshold value. When it is below the threshold, the characteristic calculation unit 62 uses the values detected by the voltage detection unit 42, the current detection unit 44, and the charging rate detection unit 46 after it is determined that the threshold is below the threshold. calculate.
  • the detection determination unit 64 includes, for example, a current sensor 64a and a determination calculation unit, and is obtained by A / D converting the current value flowing through the lithium ion secondary battery 32 detected by the current sensor 64a after step S12. Comparing the current of the digital value and the current of the digital value flowing to the composite battery unit 30 detected by the current detection unit 44 with each predetermined threshold, and when both are less than each threshold, the battery state Is determined to have hardly changed.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 62 calculates the discharge characteristics of the composite battery using the values detected by the voltage detection unit 42, the current detection unit 44, and the charging rate detection unit 46 in this state.
  • the current sensor 64a is, for example, a clamp current meter represented by a current transformer (CT) or a Hall effect current sensor, and may be configured from a shunt resistor and a voltmeter.
  • the first modification of the battery state monitoring device and the calculation method thereof are basically configured as described above.
  • the discharge characteristic calculation device of the composite battery of the present invention more accurately and reliably calculates the discharge characteristics of the entire composite battery in which two types of secondary batteries having different properties are connected in parallel. can do.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a second modification of the battery state monitoring device of FIG.
  • the battery state monitoring device 70 includes a voltage detection unit 42, a current detection unit 44, a charging rate detection unit 46, and a characteristic calculation unit 72, and may further include a detection determination unit 74.
  • the charging rate detection unit 46 uses the amount of electricity entering and exiting the lithium ion secondary battery 32 detected by the coulomb counter 46a, or the voltage value of the composite battery unit 30 output from the voltage detection unit 42 as shown by the arrow 46b.
  • the charging rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 is calculated.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 72 may include a communication unit 48 a and a storage unit 48 b.
  • the battery state monitoring device 70 has the same configuration as the battery state monitoring device 40 except that it has a detection determination unit 74 and a characteristic calculation unit 72 that calculates including the determination result of the detection determination unit 74.
  • the description of the same components will be omitted. Further, since the communication unit and the storage unit included in the characteristic calculation unit 72 are the same as the communication unit 48 a and the storage unit 48 b of the characteristic calculation unit 48, the description will be omitted.
  • the detection determination unit 74 detects an elapsed time from when the composite battery unit 30 finally performs charge and discharge, and determines whether or not the detected value is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold value. If it is equal to or higher than the threshold value, the characteristic calculation unit 72 determines the discharge characteristic of the composite battery using the values detected by the voltage detection unit 42, the current detection unit 44, and the charge ratio detection unit 46 after being determined to be equal to or higher than the threshold value. calculate.
  • the detection / determination unit 74 includes, for example, an operation rate meter 74a and a judgment calculation unit for detecting an elapsed time from when the composite battery unit 30 lastly performs charge and discharge, and next to step S12, the operation rate meter 74a.
  • the elapsed time of the digital value obtained by A / D converting the detected elapsed time is compared with a predetermined threshold value, and when it is equal to or greater than the threshold value, it is determined that the battery state hardly changes.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 72 calculates the discharge characteristics of the composite battery using the values detected by the voltage detection unit 42, the current detection unit 44, and the charging rate detection unit 46 in this state.
  • the second modification of the battery state monitoring device is effective as an alternative means of the first modification.
  • the second modification of the battery state monitoring device and the calculation method thereof are basically configured as described above.
  • the discharge characteristic calculation device of the composite battery of the present invention makes the discharge characteristics of the entire composite battery in which two types of secondary batteries having different properties are connected in parallel with higher accuracy and the influence of noise. It can be calculated simply without receiving.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a third modification of the battery state monitoring device of FIG.
  • the battery state monitoring device 80 includes a voltage detection unit 42, a current detection unit 44, a charging rate detection unit 46, and a characteristic calculation unit 82, and may further include a detection determination unit 84.
  • the charging rate detection unit 46 uses the amount of electricity entering and exiting the lithium ion secondary battery 32 detected by the coulomb counter 46a, or the voltage value of the composite battery unit 30 output from the voltage detection unit 42 as shown by the arrow 46b.
  • the charging rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 is calculated.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 82 may include a communication unit 48 a and a storage unit 48 b.
  • the battery state monitoring device 80 has the same configuration as the battery state monitoring device 40 except that it has a detection determination unit 84 and a characteristic calculation unit 82 that calculates the determination result of the detection determination unit 84.
  • the description of the same components will be omitted. Further, since the communication unit and the storage unit included in the characteristic calculation unit 82 are the same as the communication unit 48 a and the storage unit 48 b of the characteristic calculation unit 48, the description will be omitted.
  • the detection determination unit 84 detects the ON / OFF state of the protection switch provided in the lithium ion secondary battery 32.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 82 calculates the discharge characteristic of the composite battery based on the ON / OFF state of the protection switch.
  • the protection switch provided in the lithium ion secondary battery 32 may be, for example, a semiconductor switching element such as FET, IGBT, or GTO, a relay, an electromagnetic switch, a breaker, or the like.
  • the self-control protector (SCP) may be such that the electrical connection does not automatically recover unless it is replaced once it has been activated.
  • the detection / determination unit 84 includes, for example, a conduction sensor 84a and a judgment calculation unit for detecting the ON / OFF state of the FET switch of the lithium ion secondary battery 32, and is detected by the conduction sensor 84a after step S12. For example, the ON / OFF state is binarized into 1 if the FET switch is ON, and 0 if the FET switch is OFF. Next, when the detection value is 1, that is, when the FET switch is ON and the lithium ion secondary battery 32 is electrically connected to the aqueous secondary battery 34a and the load 50, the detection determination unit 84 The characteristic calculation unit 82 is instructed to calculate the discharge characteristic of the entire composite battery based on the state.
  • the detection determination unit 84 may be instructed to calculate the discharge characteristic of the entire composite battery based on the state.
  • the third modification of the battery state monitoring device is more effective when used in combination with the second modification as an alternative means of the first modification.
  • the third modification of the battery state monitoring device and the calculation method thereof are basically configured as described above.
  • the discharge characteristic calculation device of the composite battery of the present invention makes the discharge characteristics of the entire composite battery in which two types of secondary batteries having different properties are connected in parallel with higher accuracy and the influence of noise. It can be calculated simply without receiving.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a first modification of the composite battery unit of the solar power generation system of FIG.
  • the composite battery unit 30 preferably includes a composite battery abnormality detection unit 30 b and a composite battery separation unit 30 c.
  • the composite battery abnormality detection unit 30 b detects an abnormality of the composite battery 30 a constituting the composite battery unit 30, that is, the lithium ion secondary battery 32 and the non-lithium ion secondary battery 34.
  • the composite battery separation unit 30 c electrically disconnects the composite battery unit 30 from the DC / DC converter 14 and the inverter 16. With such a configuration, since the composite battery unit 30 can be used safely, the photovoltaic power generation system 10 of the present invention can improve the safety of the composite battery more than the conventional one. .
  • the lithium ion secondary battery 32 may be configured in any manner, but includes a large capacity lithium ion secondary battery 32a that absorbs long period fluctuation and a high input / output lithium ion secondary battery 32b that absorbs short period fluctuation. Preferably, they are connected in parallel.
  • the large capacity lithium ion secondary battery 32a is capable of storing a large capacity charge.
  • the high input / output lithium ion secondary battery 32b has an active material of the same type as that of the large capacity lithium ion secondary battery 32a or an active material that produces the same ions, and can take out a large current, for example, a current collector It can be obtained by thinly forming an electrode material thereon, increasing a contact area between the electrode material and an electrolytic solution, or reducing the resistance between the current collector and the electrode material. With such a configuration, the peak power response capacity is five to ten times that of the lead-acid battery, so the photovoltaic power generation system 10 of the present invention has the charge acceptance of the peak power of the composite battery more than before. Improvement can be made.
  • the aqueous secondary battery 34a may be a secondary battery such as a Ni-Cd battery or a nickel-hydrogen battery as long as it uses a water-soluble electrolytic solution, but a lead storage battery 34b is preferable. With such a configuration, the widely used product infrastructure can be utilized, so that the photovoltaic power generation system 10 of the present invention is low in cost and improves the recyclability of the composite battery more than before. Can.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram for explaining a second modification of the composite battery unit of the solar power generation system of FIG. 1.
  • the lithium ion secondary battery 32 has a plurality of unit battery units 36 of the smallest constituent unit electrically connected to each other, and at least one unit battery unit 36 of the plurality of unit battery units 36 has a unit battery abnormality. It is preferable to provide the detection part 36b and the unit battery separation part 36c.
  • the unit battery abnormality detection unit 36 b detects an abnormality of the unit battery 36 a of the lithium ion secondary battery 32 that constitutes the unit battery unit 36.
  • the unit cell separation unit 36 c electrically separates the unit cell unit 36 from the other unit cell units 36.
  • the unit battery unit 36 is not a so-called unit cell (also referred to as a cell), but is a sub module that constitutes the composite battery unit 30 and in which a plurality of unit cells having the same physical characteristics are connected in series and parallel. .
  • the photovoltaic power generation system 10 improves the safety of the composite battery more than before, and at the time of failure. Risk distribution can be performed.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a photovoltaic system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a photovoltaic power generation system 90 (also referred to as a distributed PV booster) includes a plurality of distributed units 92, an inverter 16, and a control device 18.
  • Each of the plurality of distribution units 92 includes the string 12, the DC / DC converter 14, the composite battery unit 30, and the battery state monitoring device 40.
  • the string 12 has at least one solar power generation panel, generates electric power from solar energy, and outputs DC power.
  • the DC / DC converter 14 is connected to the string 12 and converts and outputs the voltage of the DC power output from the string 12.
  • the composite battery unit 30 is connected to the DC / DC converter 14 and is charged by the DC power output from the DC / DC converter 14.
  • the battery state monitoring device 40 monitors the state of the composite battery unit 30.
  • the inverter 16 is connected to each DC / DC converter 14 and each composite battery unit 30 of the plurality of dispersion units 92, and converts the DC power output from the DC / DC converter 14 and the DC power discharged from the composite battery unit 30 into AC power. Convert and output.
  • the controller 18 controls the inverter 16.
  • the composite battery unit 30 is configured by connecting a lithium ion secondary battery 32 and a non-lithium ion secondary battery 34 in parallel.
  • the battery state monitoring device 40 includes a voltage detection unit 42, a current detection unit 44, a charging rate detection unit 46, and a characteristic calculation unit 48.
  • the voltage detection unit 42 detects the voltage value of the composite battery unit 30.
  • the current detection unit 44 detects the value of the current flowing through the composite battery unit 30.
  • the charging rate detection unit 46 detects at least one of the amount of electricity entering and leaving the lithium ion secondary battery 32 and the voltage value of the lithium ion secondary battery 32, and calculates the charging rate of the lithium ion secondary battery 32.
  • the characteristic calculation unit 48 calculates the discharge characteristic of the composite battery unit 30 using the values detected or calculated by the voltage detection unit 42, the current detection unit 44, and the charging rate detection unit 46.
  • the photovoltaic power generation system 90 has the same configuration as the photovoltaic power generation system 10 except that the plurality of distributed units 92 are included, and thus the description of the same components will be omitted. Also, the strings, DC / DC converter, composite battery unit, and battery state monitoring device that constitute each dispersion unit 92 are the same as the aforementioned string 12, DC / DC converter 14, composite battery unit 30, and battery state monitoring device 40. Description is omitted because it exists.
  • the dispersion unit 92 is composed of the string 12, the DC / DC converter 14, the composite battery unit 30, and the battery state monitoring device 40, and can be independently extended, moved, removed by modularization. it can.
  • the solar power generation system of the second embodiment of the present invention is basically configured as described above. With such a configuration, the photovoltaic power generation system 90 of the present invention has a high ability to absorb fluctuation at low temperatures and low cost, and two types of secondary batteries with different properties are provided in parallel.
  • the discharge characteristics of the entire connected composite battery can be calculated simply and accurately, and the power generation efficiency is improved, the installation area is minimized, and the combined battery safety and peak power charging acceptance are equal to or better than before. It is possible to improve the quality and recyclability, to improve the user's sense of security, and to disperse the risk at the time of failure, so that it can be manufactured in a small size.
  • the solar power generation system of the present invention has high fluctuation absorption capability at low temperature and low cost, and therefore, the discharge characteristics of the entire composite battery in which two kinds of secondary batteries with different properties are connected in parallel are provided.
  • the power generation efficiency is improved more than before, the installation area is minimized, the safety of the composite battery and the charge acceptance and recyclability of peak power are improved, the user It is industrially useful because it has the effect of improving the sense of security and dispersing the risk at the time of failure, and being able to be manufactured in a small size.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de génération d'énergie solaire pourvu d'une batterie composite obtenue par raccordement en parallèle de deux types de batteries secondaires dotées de propriétés différentes. Ce système peut ainsi être réalisé à faible coût, présente des capacités d'absorption de fluctuations élevées à basse température et permet de calculer simplement et précisément des caractéristiques de décharge de l'ensemble de la batterie composite. Le système de génération d'énergie solaire (10) selon l'invention comprend des chaînes (12), un convertisseur CC/CC (14), un onduleur (16), un dispositif de commande (18), une unité batterie composite (30) et un dispositif de surveillance d'état de batterie (40). L'unité batterie composite (30) est configurée par le raccordement en parallèle d'une batterie secondaire au lithium-ion (32) et d'une batterie secondaire non lithium-ion (34). Le dispositif de surveillance d'état de batterie (40) comprend une unité de détection de tension (42), une unité de détection de courant (44), une unité de détection de régime de charge (46) et une unité de calcul de caractéristiques (48). L'unité de calcul de caractéristiques (48) calcule les caractéristiques de décharge d'une batterie composite qui constitue l'unité batterie composite (30), au moyen d'une valeur de tension de ladite unité (30), d'une valeur de courant circulant à travers ladite unité (30) et d'un régime de charge de la batterie secondaire au lithium-ion (32) qui sont détectés ou calculés par l'unité de détection de tension (42), l'unité de détection de courant (44) et l'unité de détection de régime de charge (46).
PCT/JP2017/028565 2017-08-07 2017-08-07 Système de production d'énergie solaire Ceased WO2019030795A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3159362U (ja) * 2010-01-19 2010-05-20 動能科技股▲ふん▼有限公司 エンジン起動用電池モジュール
WO2013054795A1 (fr) * 2011-10-11 2013-04-18 Kachi Naoyoshi Élément de stockage hybride, véhicule et unité de stockage de courant qui utilisent celui-ci, système de véhicules en réseau intelligent utilisant ce véhicule et système de réseau d'alimentation électrique utilisant l'unité de stockage de courant
US20140015471A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy storage device for a photovoltaic system, and method for operating an energy storage device of a photovoltaic system
WO2015108111A1 (fr) * 2014-01-15 2015-07-23 Ｃｏｎｎｅｘｘ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ 株式会社 Batterie de stockage hybride et dispositif de stockage hybride, unité de génération et de stockage de puissance, système de réseau électrique et corps mobile l'utilisant
JP2016116435A (ja) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-23 Ｃｏｎｎｅｘｘ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ株式会社 電力変換システム
JP2016178849A (ja) * 2015-03-23 2016-10-06 アクソンデータマシン株式会社 電源装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3159362U (ja) * 2010-01-19 2010-05-20 動能科技股▲ふん▼有限公司 エンジン起動用電池モジュール
WO2013054795A1 (fr) * 2011-10-11 2013-04-18 Kachi Naoyoshi Élément de stockage hybride, véhicule et unité de stockage de courant qui utilisent celui-ci, système de véhicules en réseau intelligent utilisant ce véhicule et système de réseau d'alimentation électrique utilisant l'unité de stockage de courant
US20140015471A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Energy storage device for a photovoltaic system, and method for operating an energy storage device of a photovoltaic system
WO2015108111A1 (fr) * 2014-01-15 2015-07-23 Ｃｏｎｎｅｘｘ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ 株式会社 Batterie de stockage hybride et dispositif de stockage hybride, unité de génération et de stockage de puissance, système de réseau électrique et corps mobile l'utilisant
JP2016116435A (ja) * 2014-12-11 2016-06-23 Ｃｏｎｎｅｘｘ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ株式会社 電力変換システム
JP2016178849A (ja) * 2015-03-23 2016-10-06 アクソンデータマシン株式会社 電源装置

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