WO2019030309A1 - SACHAR AND SAW MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a seed coulter (10) for a sowing machine, comprising a share body (12) and a securing device (14) for securing the seed coulter (10) to a sowing machine, wherein the share body (12) of the seed coulter (10) comprises at least two seed outlets (14a, 14c) which are arranged to be spaced apart, when secured, in a tansverse direction to the direction of travel of the sowing machine, wherein these outlets allow the seeds to be deposited in a targeted manner in the soil in at least two seed rows that are spaced apart from one another.

Description

 Coulter and seeder

The present invention relates to a coulter for a seeder and a seeder with such a coulter.

Coulters and seeders are known from the prior art in a variety of design variants.

In the recent past, especially seeders have proven that loosen the soil deeply with a single operation and deposit the seed in the effluent from a powered tillage machine earth current. Typical problems often arise due to crop residues or soil growth that may or may clog the soil tillage implement or the trailing coulters, resulting in inadequate seed deposition.

This problem is u.a. addressed in the German patent application DE 36 38 603 A1, this document proposing a solution in which several seed lines are guided to a single coulter, which is designed as Breitsäschar, and by an inclination of the seed lines with 20 degrees to the vertical solution for to provide this problem. A disadvantage of this solution, however, is that the seed is applied comparatively uncontrolled in large quantities, which is disadvantageous in practice, since the adult plants compete for water, light and root space and tend to stock mostly low and usually form thin, unstable stalk. Root rot is also a known problem, in addition to the relatively high cost of the large amount of seed unnecessarily applied.

Another alternative solution is known from the German patent application DE 34 39 478 A1, in which the coulters are designed as Meißelsäschare to loosen the soil with the help of the titmouse and to form a seed furrow in this. the. Furthermore, the ski body comprises two viewed in the direction of travel mutually spaced guides for seeds and fertilizers, each opening into spaced-apart outlets, the front in the direction of travel, which is located directly behind the Meisel, is provided for the seed, while the rear Spout for the fertilizer is provided. The chisel coulter also runs after a role, which tapers in a wedge shape in its radially outer region. With the help of this trailing role, the fertilizer, which is placed in the seed furrow on the back-flowing soil material, pulled apart in ribbon-like rows. It is thus known from this document to arrange several outlets and associated lines in a coulter in succession in order to introduce both seed and fertilizer into a seed furrow. A disadvantage of this solution, however, is that the trailing roll is required to ensure that the fertilizer is not placed directly on the seed, so as to ensure a secure separation of seed and fertilizer.

The published patent application DE 10 2010 01 6 342 A1 discloses a coulter unit consisting of a seed guide preparing and engaging in the ground depth guide element and a share attached to a body shear share and a following the share Säfurchenformer and a seed associated therewith and arranged thereon. In this solution, each seed coulter is assigned exactly one seed line. Another comparable solution is also known from the document DE 10 201 1 018 447 A1. Finally, the document DE 690 08 1 19 T2 discloses a device for soil cultivation with a frame and a plurality of disc-shaped bodies arranged thereon with a concave and a convex side, which are arranged parallel to each other generally known as "disc harrow". The peculiarity of this solution is that the discs are pivotable, ie the angle between the disc plane and the direction of movement (ie the setting angle) can be changed. Continue- In addition, the individual discs on the concave side are connected by upright stems with upright stems, which are rotatably mounted and can be adjusted to provide optimum tillage, taking into account the type of soil, the crop variety and / or the type of weed , The arrangement of the upright shafts on the concave side of the discs prevents jamming of the discs due to raised soil since it can not accumulate between the upright stems and the discs. Compared to the known prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a coulter and a seed drill, which at least reduces the disadvantages known in the prior art.

This object is achieved in the present case by a coulter having the features of claim 1.

Accordingly, the coulter comprises a ski body and a fastening device for attachment of the coulter to a seeder, wherein the body of the coulter at least two in the fastened state in a direction transverse to the direction of the seed drill spaced seed exits, over which the seed selectively in at least two spaced apart - Seed rows can be stored in the ground.

In contrast to the solutions known from the prior art, a coulter is thus provided, in which an exact placement of seeds in at least two parallel rows of seeds, which are spaced apart from one another, can be deposited in the ground. As a result, seeds are saved, on the other hand, a corresponding seed drill can be simplified in their construction, since the number of coulters can be reduced accordingly. It may further be provided that the body of the shark has at least one outlet for fertilizer. In the coulter according to the invention, it is thus possible to introduce seed and fertilizer into the soil in two spaced rows. Furthermore, several rows of seeds may be provided which run parallel to each other, and a fertilizer row, which in turn runs parallel and spaced from the seed rows. This allows accurate application of seed and fertilizer and also ensures that the fertilizer does not come into direct contact with the seed applied, whereby the resulting known disadvantages can be avoided.

It may further be provided that the spouts, i. the seed spouts and / or the at least one spout for fertilizer are at least partially separated from one another within the body of the body by intermediate walls. Such partitions may be made of the same material as the body itself or of dissimilar materials. Thus, an integral training is also conceivable, as well as a multi-part design of the shock body.

Furthermore, it can be provided that several lines for supplying seed and / or fertilizer run within the body of the body, each of which is assigned to an outlet. This embodiment variant may be provided as an alternative or in addition to the above-discussed intermediate walls within the shock body.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the fastening device comprises a fastening arm with at least one hollow body, via which the seed and / or fertilizer can or can be supplied to the respective outlets. Of course, it is provided that when both seed and fertilizer are to be passed through the hollow body-shaped mounting arm, a kind of whatever separation of the two material streams is provided within the hollow body to prevent contact of the seed with the fertilizer. In particular, it may be provided that the lines for feeding seed and / or fertilizer are received within the at least one hollow body and in particular extend to the respective associated outlet.

The lines for feeding seed and / or fertilizer may also be made of plastic or an elastomer, for example rubber, and may in particular have a diameter of less than 50 mm, in particular less than 25 mm, for example 20 mm. In this case, the minimum diameter should be selected so that plugging in or clogging by the seed particles supplied is prevented. With regard to the fertilizer used, care should be taken to ensure that the diameter of the pipeline provides a desired flow of fertilizer. Optionally, before, after or within the line at any point a valve for adjusting and throttling the flow rate may be provided.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the outlets, ie the seed outlets and / or the at least one spout for fertilizers, are arranged at least partially in the fastened state of the coulter on the seeder at least in the horizontal direction with any, in particular variable distance from each other. In this case, the distance may be for example about 10 to 15 cm, in particular about 12 to 13 cm. The row spacing depends in particular on the seed to be used and can be selected accordingly. Thus, the distance may also be greater or smaller than the mentioned number range, if this is useful or advantageous for the seed and / or fertilizer to be delivered. A distance component in the vertical direction, which is additionally provided for the distance in the horizontal direction, is also conceivable. The distance in the horizontal and / or vertical direction can also be variable, ie different and / or adjustable. For adjustability of the distance, one or more of the outlets may for example be mounted pivotably mounted on the coulter. In addition, it can be provided that the outlets, ie the seed outlets and / or the at least one spout for fertilizer, at least partially in the fastened state of the coulter to the seed drill in the direction of travel of the seed drill are arranged spaced from each other. Here, an offset of the outlets in the direction of travel in addition to the distance in the horizontal direction may be useful, for example, to increase the space between adjacent coulters and reduce the risk of clogging by example crop residues.

It can also be provided that the coulter in the attached state in the direction of travel of the drill at its front end has a slider which is in particular substantially wedge-shaped and tapers in the direction of travel. By means of this embodiment, in turn, it is ensured that blockages of the coulters, for example due to crop residues, can be largely avoided.

The present invention further relates to a seeder with the features of claim 1 1, wherein in addition a coulter associated cutting disc is provided, which is upstream of the at least one coulter in the direction of travel of the drill, wherein the center plane of the coulter and the center plane of the associated cutting disc essentially coincide. In this case, the seed drill according to the invention thus differs not only by the specific coulter from the prior art, but also by the arrangement of the coulter relative to the cutting disc. Namely, it is known from the prior art to arrange the cutting disc with lateral offset, that is to say with a distance in the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel, whereby, however, the efficiency of the cutting disc, which is intended to reliably sever the harvest residues, ensures trouble-free working for the coulter and, as a result, a to ensure defined seedling is reduced. Of course, the sowing machine according to the invention can also be combined with any tillage equipment from the prior art, that are grown or retrofitted to such. Furthermore, it can be provided that the seed drill further comprises a holder, which has the fastening device of the at least one coulter and a fastening device for the associated cutting disc. The two can thereby be arranged one behind the other and, for example, have a distance of approximately at least 10 cm from each other. This allows a particularly space-saving arrangement of the components of the drill. The common bracket is designed so that a simple attachment to any kind of tillage equipment, if desired, is possible. Alternatively, it is of course also conceivable to attach the fastening device of the at least one coulter and the fastening device for the associated cutting disc to mutually independent holders. This can be advantageous if the seed drill is to be used on very uneven ground, since the overflow of a roughness with the cutting disc in this case has no lifting of the coulter result. Also in this solution, one or each of the two brackets can be designed such that a simple attachment to any kind of tillage equipment, if desired, is possible. Furthermore, it can be provided that the sowing machine further comprises a seed separating device for individual seed placement in the seed rows.

In addition, the sowing machine may further comprise a soil cultivating device, which is upstream in the direction of travel of the seed drill of the cutting disc, wherein the soil cultivating device comprises a frame, on which via a movement arrangement pivotable soil cultivation discs so ange- are orders that they can be pivoted relative to the frame with respect to their adjustment angle and / or their inclination angle. In addition, it is conceivable to attach directly to the pivotable soil cultivation discs or their frame associated Tiefenlockerungszinken for deep loosening of the soil. These can in turn be designed to be adjustable in height and to the side, for example by being pivotally mounted on the associated frame.

Further advantages and features of the present invention are set forth below with reference to the figure description and the appended claims.

1 schematically shows: FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 b shows a detail of a seed drill according to the invention with a coulter according to the invention and a cutting disc associated with the coulter;

Figure 2a and Figure 2b shows a rear view of a coulter according to the invention according to Figure 1 a and 1 b;

Figure 3 is a plan view of an inventive coulter according to figures

 1 a, 1 b and 2 a, 2 b; Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of an inventive

 Coulter in a top view;

FIGS. 5a and 5b show a detail of a sowing machine according to the invention with a sowing coulter according to the invention and with a cutting disk assigned to the sowing coulter, wherein the coulter and the cutting disk are a common support (Figure 5a) or two independent holders (Figure 5b) have; and

Figure 6 is a simplified plan view of an arrangement with several

 Coulters and cutting discs according to FIGS. 1 to 5b.

The figures show a coulter and a section of a sowing machine according to the present invention with a coulter according to the invention and an associated cutting disc.

The coulter according to the invention is generally designated by the reference numeral 10 and has a ski body 12 and a fastening device 14 for fastening the coulter 10 to a seeder (not shown). In the illustrated embodiment, the ski body 12 is designed to be symmetrical with respect to a median plane E (see FIGS. 2a and 2b), with the attachment device 14 also being arranged symmetrically with respect to the median plane E. As shown, for example, in FIGS. 1a and 1b, the ski body 12 has a plurality of outlets 14a, 14b, 14c, which can be used to disperse seeds and / or fertilizers.

Of course, it is conceivable that the ski body 12, unlike in the embodiment shown, is not formed symmetrically with respect to a center plane E, more or less has six outlets, for example two, three, four, five, seven or more outlets, and that these unlike in the embodiment shown, they are not formed in a symmetrical manner for the application of seed or fertilizer.

In the illustrated embodiment, the spout 14b may be for fertilizer while the spouts 14a, 14c are for seed application. Of course, alternative assignments are also conceivable. It is also possible to provide the ski body 12 exclusively with seed outlets and to apply fertilizer via an alternative device, as is already known, for example, from the prior art. In the embodiment of Figures 1 b and 2b, the middle spout 14b is also arranged slightly lower than the other outlets, ie with a vertical offset, whereby the seed or fertilizer applied over it can be inserted deeper into the soil than the seed, the over further outlets 14a, 14c is applied. Of course, all three outlets 14a, 14b, 14c may be arranged at different heights relative to the ground, ie with a vertical offset from each other. Also, one of the outer spouts 14c or one of the inner spouts 14a may be located lower than the middle spout 14b. Regardless of which and how many of the outlets are arranged deeper, for example, fertilizers can be deposited deeper than the seed. It may also be useful to store seed of different varieties at different depths. In the embodiment shown, the outlets for seed and / or fertilizers 14a, 14b, 14c are separated from one another by intermediate walls 16. Such partitions 1 6 are, however, optional and can be dispensed with, in particular, if, for example, 14 lines for supplying seed and / or fertilizer are provided within the shock body 12 and possibly also within the fastening device. Such lines are shown by way of example in FIG. 3 for the supply of fertilizer and designated by the reference numeral 18.

The fastening device 14 is formed in the illustrated embodiment in the manner of a hollow tube and extends into an area bounded by the ski body 12 and its side walls interior of the shock body 12th Also designed as a hollow tube fastening device may be provided in its interior with partitions to separate if necessary seed and fertilizer in the feed from each other. When using seed and / or fertilizer feeding lines or when using the

 Säschars exclusively for feeding seed, however, can also be dispensed with such a configuration. In this case, the hollow tube is used either to accommodate multiple lines or the supply of seed. The outlets 14a, 14b, 14c are arranged at an arbitrary distance relative to one another in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel F (direction of travel of the sowing machine with a corresponding coulter, see FIG. Depending on the seed and / or fertilizer to be applied, this may, for example, be in a range of, for example, 10 to 15 cm, in particular from about 12 to 13 cm. However, larger or smaller distances between the outlets 14a, 14b, 14c to each other are, of course, also conceivable. In addition, the outlets 14a, 14b, 14c may also be arranged spaced apart in the direction of travel F of the seeder, for example by providing an offset of the outlets, as in FIG Figure 4 exemplified. Finally, it is also conceivable that the outlets 14a, 14b, 14c are additionally arranged in part or all with a vertical offset from each other, i. in that at least one of the outlets 14a, 14b or 14c in the operating state is arranged higher or lower than the remaining outlets (similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 1b and 2b).

The coulter 10 may finally have at its front end a substantially wedge-shaped slide 20, which may taper in the direction of travel F or is formed as a flat part (see Figures 3 and 4). In addition, the ski body 12 itself may have a wedge-shaped front contour which, viewed in the direction of travel F, also tapers. In Figures 5a, 5b, a sowing machine according to the invention is further shown, in which in addition to a corresponding coulter 10, as shown in Figures 1 a, 1 b, 5a, 5b and 6, and a cutting device 30 for severing remaining on the ground Mulch and plant residues with a coulter 10 associated cutting disc 32 is provided. The latter is upstream in the direction of travel F of the seed drill the associated coulter 10, wherein the center plane E of the coulter 10 and the center plane E of the associated cutting disc 32 substantially coincide (see Figure 6). The cutting disk 32 is rotatably mounted on a fastening device 34 about a rotation axis D. The fastening device 34 comprises, for example, a substantially upright shaft 34a and a shaft 34b lying thereon, on which the cutting disc 32 is mounted. The fastening device of the cutting disc and the fastening device of the coulter can be connected to one another via a common holder 36. This has the advantage of a common attachment to the seeder. In this case, both the fastening device 34 of the cutting disc 32 and the fastening device 14 of the coulter can be mounted displaceably on the common holding device 36, as shown by way of example in FIG. 5a. In this way, for example, an adjustment of the cutting disc and / or the coulter in the vertical direction can be provided, as indicated by the arrows z1 and z2. Alternatively, the common holding device may also be formed by one of the two fastening devices.

Finally, it is also possible to provide two independent holding devices 36a, 36b, as shown in FIG. 5b

In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 5a and 5b, a pressure roller 38 is also provided, which in the variant shown is likewise attached to the holding device 36 (FIG. 5a) or 36a (FIG. 5b). Of course you can These also be attached independently of coulter and cutting disc. Furthermore, the pressure roller can be a continuous roll over the entire width of the drill erstrechen (in direction A) or more juxtaposed the individual outlets 14a, 14b, 14c associated roles include. The pinch roller 38 simultaneously serves for exact depth guidance for the coulter 10, which is adjustable in the direction z1.

In addition to the components shown, the seed drill according to the invention may also comprise further components, such as a spray bar for discharging chemicals (not shown) or a seed singulator (not shown) for single seed placement in the seed rows.

The common mounting of FIG. 5a for the coulter and the disc coulter can be carried on a chassis or without a chassis (not shown). In the same way, the individual holders 36a, 36b of FIG. 5b can each be carried on a chassis or without a chassis (not shown). Accordingly, a retrofit to existing tillage equipment is possible. Finally, a tilling device may be provided, which in

Direction of travel of the seed drill of the cutting disc is upstream, wherein the tilling device comprises a frame on which a movement arrangement pivotable tillage discs are arranged such that they can pivot relative to the setting angle and / or its inclination angle relative to the frame. As a conceivable variant for adjusting the setting angle, reference is made to the disclosure of DE 690 08 1 19 T2, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into this application. Moreover, it is conceivable, directly to the pivotable soil cultivation discs or their frame associated Tiefenlockerungszinken for to apply a deep loosening of the soil. These can in turn be designed to be adjustable in height and to the side, for example by being pivotally mounted on the associated frame. By the combination of the coulter according to the invention with other components for soil cultivation, such as the tillage device, a spray bar, one or more pinch rollers, Tiefenlockerungszinken,

Cutting discs, etc., a seeder is provided with which it is possible to cope in a single operation all necessary for tillage steps. As a result, a significant time savings over known solutions can be achieved. At the same time the coulter according to the invention by its exact seed storage (possibly in combination with fertilizer storage) is an advantageous over the prior art development, since hereby become known disadvantages can be reduced.

Claims

P at e n t a n s p r e c h e Coulter (10) for a seed drill, comprising a ski body (12) and a fastening device (14) for fastening the coulter (10) to a seed drill, characterized in that the ski body (12) of the coulter (10) at least two in the fixed state in a direction transverse to the direction of the seed drill spaced seed exits (14a, 14c), via which the seed specifically in at least two mutually spaced seed rows can be stored in the ground. Coulter (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the ski body (12) has at least one outlet (14b) for fertilizer. Coulter (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outlets (14a, 14b, 14c) are at least partially separated from each other within the ski body by intermediate walls (1 6). Coulter (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that within the ski body (12) at least one, preferably a plurality of lines (18) for supplying seed and / or fertilizer, each of which an outlet (14a, 14b, 14c) is associated. Coulter (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening device (14) comprises a fastening arm with at least one hollow body, via which the seed and / or fertilizer can be supplied to the respective outlets (14a, 14b, 14c). The coulter (10) according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the lines (18) for feeding seed and / or fertilizer are received within the at least one hollow body (14) and in particular extend to the respectively associated outlet (14b). The coulter (10) according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the lines (18) for supplying seed and / or fertilizer may be made of plastic or an elastomer and in particular may have a diameter of less than 50mm, in particular less than 25 mm, for example 20mm. Coulter (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlets (14a, 14b, 14c) are arranged at least partially in the fixed state of the coulter on the drill at least in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel F horizontal direction with any, in particular variable distance from each other. Coulter (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outlets (14a, 14b, 14c) at least partially in the fixed state of the coulter (10) on the seed drill in the direction of travel F of the seed drill are arranged spaced from each other. Coulter (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coulter (10) in the attached state in the direction of travel F of the seeder at its front end a slide (20) which is in particular wedge-shaped and tapers in the direction of travel F. 1 1. Seed drill comprising at least one coulter (10) according to one of the preceding claims and a coulter (10) associated  Cutting disc (32), which is upstream in the direction of travel of the drill to the at least one coulter (10), wherein the center plane E of the coulter (10) and the center plane E of the associated cutting disc (32) substantially coincide. 12. Seeder according to claim 1 1,  characterized in that it further comprises a holder (36) having the fastening device (14) of the at least one coulter (10) and a fastening device (34) for the associated cutting disc (32). 13. Seeder according to claim 1 1 or 12,  characterized in that it further comprises a seed separating device for single seed placement in the seed rows. 14. Seeder according to one of claims 1 1 to 13,  characterized in that it further comprises a tillage device, which is upstream in the direction of travel of the seed drill of the cutting disc, wherein the tillage device comprises a frame on which a movement arrangement pivotable tillage discs are arranged such that they with respect to their adjustment angle and / or Tilt angle relative to the frame pivot.