WO2019017519A1 - Glass frit for forming solar cell electrode and paste composition comprising glass frit - Google Patents
Glass frit for forming solar cell electrode and paste composition comprising glass frit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019017519A1 WO2019017519A1 PCT/KR2017/008787 KR2017008787W WO2019017519A1 WO 2019017519 A1 WO2019017519 A1 WO 2019017519A1 KR 2017008787 W KR2017008787 W KR 2017008787W WO 2019017519 A1 WO2019017519 A1 WO 2019017519A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glass frit
- oxide
- solar cell
- metal oxide
- weight
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/24—Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions, i.e. for use as seals between dissimilar materials, e.g. glass and metal; Glass solders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- a glass frit for forming a solar cell electrode, and a paste composition comprising the glass frit
- a glass frit composition for forming a solar cell electrode and a paste composition containing the same.
- the solar cell is a photoelectric conversion device that converts solar energy into electric energy, and has been attracting attention as a next-generation energy resource with no pollution.
- the line resistance and the contact resistance between the semiconductor substrate and the electrode increase, and the efficiency of the battery may be rather reduced.
- glass frit without lead oxide (PbO) and a paste composition containing it are intended to overcome the above-mentioned problems.
- electrodes of a solar cell are prepared by mixing conductive powder, glass frit, and organic vehicle, and further adding additives as necessary
- a paste composition may be prepared, and the paste composition may be applied to one side or both sides of the semiconductor substrate and patterned, followed by firing and drying the applied paste composition.
- the glass frit can be used as an antireflection film
- the conductive powder is melted to form metal crystal grains in the emitter region, thereby improving adhesion between the electrode (in particular, metal crystal grains) and the semiconductor substrate, thereby lowering the line resistance and contact resistance But also induces an effect of softening and lowering the firing temperature.
- glass frit generally used includes lead oxide (PbO) in many cases.
- PbO lead oxide
- a glass frit in which lead oxide (PbO) is excluded and a paste composition comprising the same are presented.
- the total amount for the (loo% by weight), low U metal oxide oxidation tellurium (Te0 2) is 22 to 58 containing wt.%
- the second metal oxide oxidation thallium (T1 2 03) is 5 to 55 and comprising by weight%, the remainder portion is a third metal oxide is included which, tellurium (Te) _ thallium (T1) based glass frit (glass fr it) the sun electrode forming the glass frit for the cell .
- the glass frit provided in one embodiment of the present invention does not contain lead oxide (PbO)
- a tellurium (Te) thallium (Tl) glass frit is used to form an electrode of a solar cell, and a line resistance and a contact resistance between the electrode and the semiconductor substrate
- the glass frit may satisfy the following formula (1) with respect to the content of its main component.
- [Te0 2], and [T1 2 0 3] is the content (% by weight) of the tellurium oxide (Te0 2) for each of the total amount of the glass frit (100% increase), and the
- the content (weight) of thallium oxide (T1 2 0 3 ).
- the adhesive strength is higher than that in the case of not satisfying the formula 1, and thus the line resistivity and contact resistance are low. Further, the softening temperature can be lowered by softening at a proper softening point (specifically, 200 to 330 ° C). If the expression (1) is satisfied, both the line resistivity and the contact resistance can be appropriately controlled, and the cell efficiency can be improved.
- the first metal oxide is the first metal oxide
- the glass frit for electrode formation of the solar cell may contain 22 to 58 wt% of tellurium oxide (TeO 2 ) as the first metal oxide, based on 100 wt% of the total amount, for example, 24 to 55.2 wt% % May be included.
- TeO 2 tellurium oxide
- tellurium oxide (TeO 2 ) content is less than 22 wt%, the contact resistance may increase, and if it exceeds 58 wt%, the line resistivity increase and / .
- the second metal oxide is the second metal oxide
- the glass frit for forming an electrode of the solar cell may contain 5 to 55% by weight of thallium oxide (T1 2 0 3 ), which is a second metal oxide, relative to the total amount (100% by weight). For example, 20 to 53% by weight.
- T1 2 0 3 thallium oxide
- Thallium oxide ( ⁇ 1 2 0 3) may be included between 15 and 55% by weight.
- thallium oxide ⁇ 1 2 0 3
- 55% by weight is less than 5% by weight, a line specific resistance increases and / or the adhesion may be degraded.
- the third metal oxide is the third metal oxide
- the glass frit for forming an electrode of the solar cell may include a third metal oxide as a remainder which is a glass frit raw material different from the first and second metal oxides.
- the third metal oxide is a silicon oxide (Si0 2), lithium oxide (Li 2 0),
- glass frit raw material such as zinc oxide (ZnO), boron oxide (0 3 ), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
- the third metal oxide may be contained in a silicon oxide (Si0 2) must.
- Si0 2 wt% of silicon oxide (Si02) of the third metal oxide is contained in the total amount of glass frit (100 wt%), and lithium oxide (Li 2 O), zinc oxide (ZnO) , Boron oxide (0 3 ), and aluminum oxide (M 2 O 3 ) may be included as the remainder.
- Li 2 O lithium oxide
- ZnO zinc oxide
- Boron oxide (0 3
- M 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- the Ge 3 metal oxide may be essentially one containing lithium oxide (Li 2 O).
- the third metal Oxide of an oxide of lithium (Li 2 0) is included 1-9 wt 3 ⁇ 4, one kind of a silicon oxide (Si0 2), zinc oxide (ZnO), boron oxide (03), and aluminum oxide (A1 2 0 3) Or more of the glass frit raw material may be included as the remainder. For example, 1 to 7 parts by weight.
- the third metal oxide may include zinc oxide (ZnO).
- zinc oxide (ZnO) of the third metal oxide is contained in an amount of 1.5 to 13% by weight based on the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight), and silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), lithium oxide (Li 2 O) Boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) may be included as the remainder. For example, 2 to 12% by weight.
- the third metal oxide may be essentially one containing boron oxide (3 ⁇ 4).
- the amount of boron oxide (00 3 ) of the third metal oxide is 0.5 to 11% by weight based on the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight), and silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), lithium oxide (Li 2 O) , Zinc oxide (ZnO), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) may be included as the remainder. For example, 0.8 to 10% by weight.
- the third metal oxide may be one essentially containing aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
- the glass frit is the total amount for the (100 wt%)
- the shop 3 aluminum oxide of the metal oxide (A1 2 0 3) is contained from 0.5 to 4% by weight
- silicon oxide (Si0 2), lithium oxide (Li 2 0), zinc oxide (ZnO), and boron oxide (3O 3 ) may be included as the remainder. For example, 0.7 to 3% by weight.
- a fourth may further include a metal oxide. That is, the glass frit may not contain the above-mentioned metal oxide.
- the fourth metal oxide may include at least one of bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), tungsten oxide (WO 3 ), and molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ).
- bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 )
- tungsten oxide (WO 3 )
- WO 3 tungsten oxide
- molybdenum oxide MoO 3
- two or more metal oxides thereof may be commonly used.
- the bismuth oxide (Bi 2 3 ⁇ 4) as the above-described tetra-metal oxide may be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 24% by weight based on the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight). Specifically 13 to 23 parts by weight. When the glass frit satisfies the above content, the transition point of the glass can be lowered to improve the contact resistance.
- the fourth metal oxide tungsten oxide (W0 3 ) may include 0.1 to 7% by weight based on the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight). Specifically 1 to 7% by weight. When the glass frit satisfies the above content, the reactivity at the interface can be increased to lower the contact resistance.
- Molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) which is the fourth metal oxide, may be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 23% by weight based on the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight). Specifically 14 to 23 wt%. When the glass frit satisfies the above-mentioned content, the anti-maleicity at the interface can be increased to lower the contact resistance.
- the glass frit may have a D50 particle size of 3??? (But excluding 0 jm)
- the glass frit may have a D50 particle size of 1.6 to 2.2 liters.
- the D50 particle size of the glass frit may be 3 or less (but 0 / excluding), but is not limited thereto.
- a tellurium (Te) -thallium (T1) glass frit which satisfies the respective ranges of the contents of the first to third metal oxides, Is used for electrode formation, contributing to ensuring thermal stability while lowering the line resistance and contact resistance between the electrode and the semiconductor substrate.
- the glass frit can satisfy the respective ranges of contact resistance, line resistivity, and adhesion force described below.
- the glass frit has a contact resistance (p c ) of 2 ⁇ mohm
- Adhesion may be 1.7 N or more, for example, 1.7 to 3.3 N.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tc) are glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tc)
- a tellurium (Te) -thallium (Tl) glass frit satisfying the respective ranges of the contents of the first to third metal oxides is used for electrode formation of the solar cell, Contributes to securing thermal stability while lowering the line resistance and contact resistance between the semiconductor substrates.
- the glass frit is a glass frit
- the glass frit may have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 200 ° C to 330 ° C.
- the glass frit may have a crystallization temperature (Tc) of 220 ° C to 35 ° C.
- Glass frit is a glass transition temperature (Tg), or if "satisfy the crystallization temperature (Tc) in the above range has to promote sintering of Silver particles a layer with sufficient fluidity at eu baking temperature, a contact resistance improved by banung at the interface and adhesion .
- the glass frit can be produced by a conventional method. For example, it is common to satisfy the respective content ranges of the first to third metal oxides, and then it is melted in the temperature range of 900 ° C to 1300 ° C,
- the intermixing of the first to third metal oxides can be performed using a ball mill, a planetary mill or the like, but is not limited thereto.
- pulverization to obtain a glass frit having finally controlled particle diameter can be carried out using a disk mill, a planetary mill, but is not limited thereto.
- the finally obtained glass frit can satisfy the above-mentioned D50 particle size, and its shape may be spherical or amorphous.
- a tellurium (Te) thallium (T1) glass frit In another embodiment of the present invention, a tellurium (Te) thallium (T1) glass frit; Conductive powder; And an organic vehicle.
- the present invention provides a paste composition for forming an electrode of a solar cell.
- the glass frit is the same as that described above.
- the glass frit contains 22 to 58 wt% of tellurium oxide (TeO 2 ), which is the first metal oxide, relative to the total amount (100% (T1 2 0 3 ) is contained in an amount of 5 to 55 wt%, and the remainder includes a third metal oxide which is a glass frit raw material different from the first and second metal oxides.
- TeO 2 tellurium oxide
- the conductive powder is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive and capable of performing the function of collecting the photogenerated charge.
- the conductive powder may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag powder, Ag powder, Al powder, Al powder, Cu powder, Al alloy powder, Nickel (Ni) powder, and nickel (Ni) -containing alloy powder, at least one conductive powder selected from the group consisting of
- the conductive powder may be a collection of conductive particles having different particle diameters, and the average particle diameter may be 0.01 to 50. More specifically, when the conductive powder is a silver (Ag) powder, it may have an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 5. At this time, the shape of the conductive particles may be spherical, plate-like, or amorphous.
- the organic vehicle may include an organic binder and an organic solvent for dissolving the organic binder, which is pasted by mixing with the conductive powder to give an appropriate viscosity.
- examples of the organic binder include ethyl sal,
- Hydroxyethyl salicylose, nitrocellulose, acrylic ester resin, etc. may be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.
- organic solvent is 2,2,4-trimethyl-monoisobutyrate (Tec sanol, Texano l), acetate, butyl carbitol (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate), a cellosolve as toluene, 'ethyl cells , Butylcyclohexane (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether), dibutylcabi (diethylene glycol dibutyl ether), propylene glycol monomethyl ether, etc.
- Nucleus silylene glycol, Terpineol, methyl ethyl ketone, 3-pentanediol, etc. may be used singly or in combination of two or more, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the glass frit may be contained in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight, specifically, 1.5 to 4.0% by weight based on the total amount (100% by weight) of the paste composition.
- the adhesion between the electrode and the semiconductor substrate is improved, and a solar cell having superior efficiency can be realized.
- the conductive powder may contain the total amount of the paste composition (100%)
- the conductive powder By weight based on 100% by weight of the composition), and specifically from 86 to 90% by weight.
- the conductive powder is contained within the above-mentioned content range, it can have excellent electrical conductivity due to the appropriate layered density of the conductive powder during firing, and can be excellent in dispersibility in the production of the paste composition.
- the organic vehicle may be included in an amount of 5 to 40% by weight, specifically 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total amount (100% by weight) of the paste composition.
- a paste composition having a viscosity can be prepared.
- the total amount of the paste composition (100 wt.%, The conductive powder is 86 to 90 wt.%, The glass frit is 1.5 to 4.0 wt.% And the organic vehicle is 7 to 12.5 wt. .
- the paste composition may further comprise an additive.
- the additive may contain, if necessary, a dispersant, a thixotropic agent, a plasticizer, a viscosity
- a stabilizer, a defoaming agent, an ultraviolet stabilizer, an antioxidant, a coupling agent or the like may be used alone or in combination.
- the additive may be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt% based on the total amount of the paste composition (100 wt%).
- the paste composition may further include inorganic particles in addition to the glass frit.
- inorganic particles in addition to the glass frit.
- an electrode for a solar cell formed using the above-described paste composition.
- the electrode may be a front electrode or a rear electrode.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the solar cell.
- the solar cell is not limited to FIG.
- the side of the semiconductor substrate 10 receiving solar energy is referred to as a front side, and the opposite side of the front side is referred to as a rear side.
- a solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate 10 including a lower semiconductor layer 10a and an upper semiconductor layer 10b.
- the semiconductor substrate 10 may be made of a semiconductor material.
- the semiconductor material may be specifically a crystalline silicon or a compound semiconductor, and the crystalline silicon may be a silicon wafer.
- one of the lower semiconductor layer 10a and the upper semiconductor layer 10b may be a semiconductor layer doped with a p-type impurity, and the other may be a semiconductor layer doped with an n-type impurity.
- the lower semiconductor layer 10a and the upper semiconductor layer 10b may be a semiconductor layer doped with a p-type impurity, and the other may be a semiconductor layer doped with an n-type impurity.
- Layer 10a is a semiconductor layer doped with the p-type impurity
- the semiconductor layer 10b may be a semiconductor layer doped with the n-type impurity.
- the p-type impurity may be a Group III compound such as boron (B), and the n-type impurity may be a Group V compound such as phosphorus (P).
- the electrode may include a front electrode 20 and a rear electrode 30, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- an anti-reflection film 12 may be formed on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate 10.
- the anti-reflection film 12 may be formed on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate 10 to receive solar energy, thereby reducing the reflectance of light and increasing the selectivity of a specific wavelength region. Also, it is preferable that the
- the efficiency of the solar cell can be improved by improving the contact property with silicon.
- the anti-reflection film 12 may be made of a material that absorbs less light and is insulating.
- the reflective film of, for example, silicon nitride (SiN x), silicon oxide (Si0 2), titanium oxide (Ti0 2), aluminum (A1 2 0 3), magnesium oxide thoracic oxide (MgO), Cerium oxide (CeO 2 ), and combinations thereof, and may be formed as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the anti-reflection film 12 may have a thickness of 200 to 1500 A, but is not limited thereto.
- a plurality of front electrodes 20 may be formed on the antireflection film 12, a plurality of front electrodes 20 may be formed.
- the front electrodes 20 may extend along one direction of the semiconductor substrate 10, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the front electrode 20 may be formed using the above-described glass frit composition or a paste composition containing the same,
- the conductive powder contained in the composition at this time may be a low-resistance conductive powder such as silver (Ag).
- a bus bar electrode (not shown) may be formed on the front electrode 21.
- the bus bar electrode is for connecting neighboring solar cells when assembling a plurality of solar cells.
- a rear electrode 30 may be formed under the semiconductor substrate 10.
- the rear electrode 30 may also be formed by a screen printing method using the above-described glass frit composition or a paste composition containing the same.
- an opaque metal such as aluminum (A1) or the like may be used.
- the solar cell having the above structure can be manufactured according to the following procedure, but is not limited thereto.
- the semiconductor substrate 10 is prepared. At this time, the semiconductor substrate 10 is prepared. At this time, the semiconductor substrate 10 is prepared. At this time, the semiconductor substrate 10 is prepared.
- a silicon wafer can be used, and a p-type impurity may be doped.
- the semiconductor substrate 10 is doped with an n-type impurity.
- the n-type impurity can be doped by diffusing POCl 3 , H 3 PO 4 , etc. at a high temperature.
- the semiconductor substrate 10 may include a lower semiconductor layer 10a doped with another impurity and an upper semiconductor layer 10b.
- the anti-reflection film 12 may be formed on the upper semiconductor layer 10b.
- the front electrode 20 is in contact with the upper semiconductor layer 10b as it passes through the antireflection film 12.
- the glass frit composition or the paste composition containing the glass frit composition described above may be coated on the lower semiconductor layer 10a and then dried to form the rear electrode 30.
- each composition may be applied by a screen printing method, followed by firing and drying.
- the firing may be performed in a firing furnace, and the firing temperature may be raised to a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the conductive powder in each of the compositions.
- the firing can be performed at a temperature range of about 700 to 900 ° C.
- the efficiency and thermal stability of the solar cell can be improved through the glass frit excluded from lead oxide (PbO) and the paste composition containing it.
- PbO lead oxide
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- metal oxide powders were mixed with each composition satisfying Table 1 below. This was carried out over a period of time so that all of the metal oxide powders were completely coalesced. Then, the impregnation was put into a platinum crucible and melted at a temperature of 950 to 1,250 ° C for 30 minutes (min).
- Each of the glass frit of Examples 1 to 14 obtained in (1) was charged with conductive powder, organic vehicle, and additives and mixed to prepare respective paste compositions.
- the total amount of each of the paste compositions (glass frit, glass frit, conductive powder, and organic vehicle were increased to 6.5 wt%, 6.5 wt% and 2.5 wt%, respectively, based on 100 wt% of the paste composition.
- Ethyl cell which is an organic binder, was dissolved in toluene and organic solvent (2,2,4-trimethyl-monoisoprene (Butane organic solvent: organic solvent), and an additive (CRAYVALLAC) and a dispersant (Duomeen TD0) were used as the additive.
- the aluminum paste composition was printed-dried using a commercial product DSCP-A151 (Dongjin Semichem) paste to form a front electrode.
- the drying was carried out by maintaining in an infrared drying furnace at 130 V for 4 minutes (min) and cooling.
- each of the paste compositions of Examples 1 to 14 prepared in (2) was used to form respective front electrodes.
- the respective paste compositions were applied to the entire surface of the silicon wafer on which the rear electrodes were formed.
- the application was performed by screen printing and printing in a predetermined pattern.
- the temperature was raised to 770 ° C at a rate of 245 inches / min using a belt-type sintering furnace and firing was performed.
- Example-2 78. 1 1.8
- Example -14 61.2 In stage 1, Table 2, [Te0 2], and [T1 2 0 3] is the amount of the tellurium oxide (Te0 2) for each, the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight) (Weight) and the content (weight 3 ⁇ 4) of the thallium oxide (T1 2 0 3 ).
- the metal oxide powders were mixed with each composition satisfying Table 3 below. This was carried out over a period of time so that all of the metal oxide powders were completely miscible.
- the mixture was put into a platinum crucible and melted at a temperature of 950 to 1,250 ° C for 30 minutes (min).
- [Te0 2 ] and [T1 2 0 3 ] means the content (% by weight) of the content (% increase), and the oxidizing thallium (T1 2 0 3) of the tellurium oxide (Te0 2) with respect to the total amount of the glass frit (100 wt%).
- Evaluation Example 1 Adhesion. Line resistivity, contact resistivity. And Linear Resistivity and Contact Resistance were evaluated for Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10, and the respective evaluation results are shown in the following Table 5 (Examples) and Table 6 (Comparative Examples) Respectively. At this time, the specific evaluation conditions are as follows.
- Adhesion After aligning the ribbons (width 1.5 mm, thickness 0.2 mm) straight on the island type bus bar of the front electrode of the solar cell, use a Tabbing apparatus to heat the hot air at 50 ° C and bonding was performed while hot air was applied. Each of the bonded wafers was subjected to peel test (180 degree condition) using a universal material testing machine (NTS technology).
- NTS technology universal material testing machine
- Line Resistivity The line resistance was measured using a multimeter (Tektronix D 4020 device) after printing, drying and firing an electrode paste composition containing the angular silver powder on a printing plate having a length of 20000 and a width of 60. Separately, the area was measured using a laser microscope (KEYENCE VK-XIOO). Then, the line resistivity was calculated by adding the respective measured values to the following equation 1, and recorded in the following Table 5 (Examples) and Table 6 (Comparative Example).
- Contact resistance Contact resistance was measured using TLM (Transfer Length Method), one of the well-known methods.
- the electrode paste composition containing the angular silver powder is printed on a wafer in a bar pattern (L * Z, 500 * 3000), followed by drying and firing.
- a laser with a frequency of 200 kHz and a pulse width of 50% was irradiated twice with a laser etching machine (hardram) Thereby isolating the rim of the bar pattern.
- the resistance was measured with a multimeter (Tektronix D 4020 device), and the effective length (L T ) was obtained by measuring the slope and slice of the resistance with the interval.
- the sheet resistance (ps) of each silicon wafer was measured by putting the Z axis value of the pattern of resistance and the pattern into the equation (2).
- the contact resistivity is calculated by adding the effective length and the sheet resistance value to the equation 3 and recorded in the following Table 5 (Examples) and Table 6 (Comparative Example). .
- Example-1 1.3 3.3 2.2
- Example-2 1.1 3.2 3.2
- Example-3 1.0 3.2 2.2
- Example 1-14 0.9 3.1 1.8
- Example -5 1.2 3.4 1.8
- Example -6 1.2 3.5 1.7
- Example -7 1.8 3.0 2.7
- Embodiment 1 -8 1.9 3.
- 2.8 Embodiment-9 1.8 3.2 3.3 ' Embodiment-10 0.9 2.8 2.4 Embodiment 1-1 1-13 1.3 3.5
- 1.8 Embodiment-12 2.0 3.2 2.2 Embodiment 1 -13 1.8 3.3 2.6 Implementation ⁇ 1-14 1.9 3.4 2.9
- COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -1 3.3 3. 1 2.
- COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -2 3.6 3.2 2.2 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -3 1.5 3.8 1.
- COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -4 2.7 3.2 1.8
- COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -5 2.2 3.5 1.7
- COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -6 0.9 3.0 1.5
- COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -7 2.7 2.7 3.6
- COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -8 2.8 3.9 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 6 2.
- Glass transition temperature (3 ⁇ 4) 20 mg of each glass powder was placed in an aluminum pan and heated at 10 ° C / min using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC, TA Corporation) at a heating rate of min it was measured while increasing the temperature to 580 ° C.
- the Tg temperature was measured by measuring the tangent of the section where the first period was changed.
- Tc Crystallization Isolation Temperature
- Example-1 243 Example-2 240 284 Example-3 241 279 Example -4 211 249 Example -5 - 242 258 Example -6 223 263 Example-7 267 283 Example-8 269 287 Example-9 256 273 Conduct Example-10 230 261 ' Example-11 246 276 Example-12 273 301 Example-13 256 287 Embodiment 1-14 247 285
- semiconductor substrate 10a lower semiconductor layer 10b: upper semiconductor layer 12: antireflection film 20: front electrode 30: rear electrode
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Abstract
본 발명의 구현예들에서는, 산화납(PbO)이 배제된 유리 프릿 및 이를 포함하는 페이스트 조성물을 제공한다.Embodiments of the present invention provide glass frit without lead oxide (PbO) and a paste composition comprising the same.
Description
【명세서】 【Specification】
【발명의 명칭】 Title of the Invention
태양 전지 전극 형성용 유리 프릿, 상기 유리 프릿을 포함하는 페이스트 조성물 A glass frit for forming a solar cell electrode, and a paste composition comprising the glass frit
【기술분야】 TECHNICAL FIELD
태양 전지 전극 형성용 유리 프릿 조성물, 및 이를 포함하는 페이스트 조성물에 관한 것이다. A glass frit composition for forming a solar cell electrode, and a paste composition containing the same.
【발명의 배경이 되는 기술】 TECHNICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
태양 전지는, 태양 에너지를 전기 에너지로 변환하는 광전 변환 소자로서, 무한정 무공해의 차세대 에너지 자원으로 각광받고 있다. The solar cell is a photoelectric conversion device that converts solar energy into electric energy, and has been attracting attention as a next-generation energy resource with no pollution.
이러한 태양 전지의 효율을 높이기 위해서는, 태양 에너지로부터 가능한 많은 전기 에너지를 출력할수 있도록 하는 것이 증요하며, 대면적화하는 것이 하나의 방법이 될 수 있다. In order to increase the efficiency of such a solar cell, it is necessary to make it possible to output as much electric energy as possible from solar energy.
그러나, 태양전지를 대면적화함에 따라, 반도체 기판과 전극사이의 라인 저항 및 접촉 저항이 상승하여, 오히려 전지의 효율이 감소되는 문제가 될 수 있다. However, as the size of the solar cell is reduced, the line resistance and the contact resistance between the semiconductor substrate and the electrode increase, and the efficiency of the battery may be rather reduced.
【발명의 내용】 DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
【해결하고자 하는 과제】 [Problem to be solved]
본 발명의 구현예들에서는, 산화납 (PbO)이 배제된 유리 프릿 및 이를 포함하는 페이스트 조성물을 통해 전술한문제를 해소하고자 한다 . In embodiments of the present invention, glass frit without lead oxide (PbO) and a paste composition containing it are intended to overcome the above-mentioned problems.
【과제의 해결 수단】 MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS
일반적으로 태양 전지의 전극은, 도전성 분말, 유리 프릿 (gl ass) , 및 유기 비히클을 흔합하고, 필요에 따라 첨가제를 더 첨가하여 Generally, electrodes of a solar cell are prepared by mixing conductive powder, glass frit, and organic vehicle, and further adding additives as necessary
페이스트 (paste) 조성물을 제조하고, 이러한 페이스트 조성물을 반도체 기판의 일면 또는 양면에 도포하며 패터닝한 후, 도포된 페이스트 조성물을 소성하여 건조하는 일련의 공정에 따라 형성될 수 있다. A paste composition may be prepared, and the paste composition may be applied to one side or both sides of the semiconductor substrate and patterned, followed by firing and drying the applied paste composition.
이러한 전극 형성 공정을 고려하면, 반도체 기판 및 그 위에 형성되는 전극 사이의 접촉성을 향상시킴으로써 라인 저항 및 접촉 저항을 낮추는 것이 태양전지의 효율을 높이는 중요한 요인이 됨을 알 수 있다. 구체적으로, 유리 프릿은, 소성 공정 중 반사 방지막을 에칭 (etching)하고, 도전성 분말을 용융시켜 에미터 영역에 금속 결정 입자를 생성시키며, 이를 통해 전극 (특히, 금속 결정 입자) 및 반도체 기판 사이의 접착력을 향상시켜 라인 저항 및 접촉 저항이 낮추는 역할을 할 뿐만 아니라, 연화하여 소성 온도를 보다낮추는 효과를 유도한다. Considering such an electrode forming process, it is understood that lowering the line resistance and contact resistance by increasing the contact between the semiconductor substrate and the electrode formed thereon is an important factor for increasing the efficiency of the solar cell. Specifically, the glass frit can be used as an antireflection film And the conductive powder is melted to form metal crystal grains in the emitter region, thereby improving adhesion between the electrode (in particular, metal crystal grains) and the semiconductor substrate, thereby lowering the line resistance and contact resistance But also induces an effect of softening and lowering the firing temperature.
이와 관련하여, 일반적으로 사용되는 유리 프릿에는, 산화납 (PbO)이 포함된 경우가 많다. 그러나, 본 발명의 구현예들에서는, 산화납 (PbO)이 배제된 유리 프릿 및 이를 포함하는 페이스트 조성물을 제시한다. In this regard, glass frit generally used includes lead oxide (PbO) in many cases. However, in embodiments of the present invention, a glass frit in which lead oxide (PbO) is excluded and a paste composition comprising the same are presented.
이하, 본 발명의 구현예들을 상세히 설명하기로 한다. 다만, 이는 예시로서 제시되는 것으로, 이에 의해 본 발명이 제한되지는 않으며 본 발명은 후술할 청구범위의 범주에 의해 정의될 뿐이다. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited thereto, and the present invention is only defined by the scope of the following claims.
도면에서 여러 층 및 영역을 명확하게 표현하기 위하여 두께를 확대하여 나타내었다. 명세서 전체를 통하여 유사한부분에 대해서는 동일한 도면 부호를 붙였다. 층, 막, 영역, 판 등의 부분이 다른 부분 "위에" 있다고 할 때, 이는 다른 부분 "바로 위에" 있는 경우 뿐만 아니라 그 중간에 또 다른 부분이 있는 경우도 포함한다. 반대로 어떤 부분이 다른 부분 "바로 위에" 있다고 할 때에는 중간에 다른 부분이 없는 것을 뜻한다. In the drawings, the thickness is enlarged to clearly represent the layers and regions. Like parts are designated with like reference numerals throughout the specification. Whenever a portion of a layer, film, region, plate, or the like is referred to as being "on" another portion, it includes not only the case where it is "directly on" another portion, but also the case where there is another portion in between. Conversely, when a part is "directly over" another part, it means that there is no other part in the middle.
태양전지의 전극 형성용 유리 프릿 조성물 Glass frit composition for electrode formation of solar cell
우선, 본 발명의 일 구현예에서는, 총량 (loo 중량 %)에 대해, 저 U 금속 산화물인 산화텔루륨 (Te02)이 22 내지 58 중량 %포함되고, 제 2 금속 산화물인 산화탈륨 (T1203)이 5 내지 55 중량 %포함되고, 잔부로는 제 3 금속 산화물이 포함되는, 텔루륨 (Te)_탈륨 (T1 )계 유리 프릿 (glass fr i t )인 태양 전지의 전극 형성용 유리 프릿을 제공한다. First, in one embodiment of the invention, the total amount for the (loo% by weight), low U metal oxide oxidation tellurium (Te0 2) is 22 to 58 containing wt.%, The second metal oxide oxidation thallium (T1 2 03) is 5 to 55 and comprising by weight%, the remainder portion is a third metal oxide is included which, tellurium (Te) _ thallium (T1) based glass frit (glass fr it) the sun electrode forming the glass frit for the cell .
다시 말해, 본 발명의 일 구현예에서 제공하는 유리 프릿은, 산화납 (PbO)을 포함하지 않으면서도, 상기 게 1 금속 산화물인 In other words, the glass frit provided in one embodiment of the present invention does not contain lead oxide (PbO)
산화텔루륨 (Te02) , 상기 제 2 금속 산화물인 산화탈륨 (T1203)을 주요 성분으로 하며, 잔부로는 상기 주요 성분과 상이한유리 프릿 원료 물질인 제 3 금속 산화물을 포함하는, 텔루륨 (Te)-탈륨 (T1 )계 유리 프릿 (glass fr i t )이다. Oxide tellurium (Te0 2), and the second metal oxide oxidation thallium (T1 2 0 3) as a main component, glass portion comprises a third metal oxide, the main component and a different glass frit raw materials, Tel And is a glass-frit of a Ru (Te) -thallium (Ti) system.
상기 제 1 내지 제 3 금속 산화물의 각 함량 범위를 만족하는 텔루륨 (Te)_탈륨 (Tl )계 유리 프릿 (glass fr i t )은, 태양 전지의 전극 형성에 사용되어, 전극 및 반도체 기판사이의 라인 저항 및 접촉 저항을 And a content range of each of the first to third metal oxides A tellurium (Te) thallium (Tl) glass frit is used to form an electrode of a solar cell, and a line resistance and a contact resistance between the electrode and the semiconductor substrate
낮추면서도, 열 안정성을 확보하는 데 기여한다. 이러한사실은, 후술되는 실시예 및 이에 대한 평가예를 통해 뒷받침된다. But also contributes to securing thermal stability. This fact is supported by the following embodiments and evaluation examples thereof.
이하, 본 발명의 일 구현예에서 제공하는 유리 프릿을 상세히 설명한다. Hereinafter, the glass frit provided in one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
주요 성분의 함량 관계 Content relationship of main ingredient
상기 유리 프릿은, 그 주요 성분의 함량과 관련하여, 하기 식 1을 만족할 수 있다. The glass frit may satisfy the following formula (1) with respect to the content of its main component.
[식 1] 50 < [Te02] + [T1203] < 85 [Equation 1] 50 <[Te0 2 ] + [T1 2 0 3 ] <85
상기 식 1에서, [Te02] , 및 [T1203]는 각각 상기 유리 프릿 총량 ( 100 증량 %)에 대한상기 산화텔루륨 (Te02)의 함량 (중량 %) , 및 상기 In the formula 1, [Te0 2], and [T1 2 0 3] is the content (% by weight) of the tellurium oxide (Te0 2) for each of the total amount of the glass frit (100% increase), and the
산화탈륨 (T1203)의 함량 (중량 을 의미한다. The content (weight) of thallium oxide (T1 2 0 3 ).
상기 식 1과 관련하여, [Te02]+ [T1203]값이 85 증량 %초과일 경우 Gl ass의 유동성 증가로 인한 계면과의 접착력이 저하되는 문제가 있고, 50 중량 % 미만인 경우 유동성 감소로 인한 접촉저항이 증가하는 문제가 있다. 즉, 상기 식 1을 만족하지 못하는 경우 반도체 기판 (예를 들어, 실리콘 웨이퍼)와 전도성 분말 (예를 들어, 은 분말) 의 계면에서 접착력이 With respect to the formula 1, [Te0 2] + [ T1 2 0 3] If the value is greater than 85 increase% there is a problem that the adhesive force of the surface and due to the flowability increase of the Gl ass lowered fluidity when 50% by weight less than There is a problem that contact resistance due to reduction is increased. That is, when the above formula (1) is not satisfied, the adhesion force at the interface between the semiconductor substrate (for example, silicon wafer) and the conductive powder (for example, silver powder)
저하되어 전지 효율이 저하되는 문제가 있다. There is a problem that the cell efficiency is lowered.
이와 달리, 상기 식 1을 만족할 경우, 그렇지 못한 경우에 비하여 접착력이 높고 그에 따라 라인 비저항 및 접촉 저항이 낮다. 또한, 적정 연화점 (구체적으로, 200 내지 330°C )에서 연화하여, 소성 온도를 낮출 수 있다. 이처럼 식 1을 만족하면, 라인 비저항과 접촉저항 모두 적절히 제어되어, 전지 효율이 향상될 수 있다. On the other hand, when the above formula (1) is satisfied, the adhesive strength is higher than that in the case of not satisfying the formula 1, and thus the line resistivity and contact resistance are low. Further, the softening temperature can be lowered by softening at a proper softening point (specifically, 200 to 330 ° C). If the expression (1) is satisfied, both the line resistivity and the contact resistance can be appropriately controlled, and the cell efficiency can be improved.
제 1 금속 산화물 The first metal oxide
상기 태양 전지의 전극 형성용 유리 프릿은 총량 (100 중량 ¾ 에 대해, 제 1 금속 산화물인 산화텔루륨 (Te02)이 22 내지 58 중량 %포함된 것일 수 있다. 예를 들어, 24 내지 55.2 중량 %포함된 것일 수 있다. The glass frit for electrode formation of the solar cell may contain 22 to 58 wt% of tellurium oxide (TeO 2 ) as the first metal oxide, based on 100 wt% of the total amount, for example, 24 to 55.2 wt% % May be included.
산화텔루륨 (Te02)이 22 중량 % 미만인 경우, 접촉저항이 증가할수 있으며, 58 중량 %초과인 경우, 라인 비저항 증가 및 /또는 접착력이 저하될 수 있다. If the tellurium oxide (TeO 2 ) content is less than 22 wt%, the contact resistance may increase, and if it exceeds 58 wt%, the line resistivity increase and / .
제 2 금속 산화물 The second metal oxide
상기 태양 전지의 전극 형성용 유리 프릿은 총량 (100 중량 %)에 대해, 제 2 금속 산화물인 산화탈륨 (T1203)이 5 내지 55 중량 %포함된 것일 수 있다. 예를 들어, 20 내지 53 중량 %포함된 것일 수 있다. 구체적으로 The glass frit for forming an electrode of the solar cell may contain 5 to 55% by weight of thallium oxide (T1 2 0 3 ), which is a second metal oxide, relative to the total amount (100% by weight). For example, 20 to 53% by weight. Specifically
산화탈륨 (Τ1203)이 15 내지 55 중량 %포함되는 것일 수 있다. Thallium oxide (Τ1 2 0 3) may be included between 15 and 55% by weight.
산화탈륨 (Τ1203)이 5 중량 % 미만인 경우, 접촉저항.증가 및 /또는 접착력이 저하될 수 있으며, 55 중량 %초과인 경우, 라인 비저항 증가 및 /또는 접착력이 저하될 수 있다. If the thallium oxide (Τ1 2 0 3) is exceeded, may result in lower contact resistance increases and / or adhesive, 55% by weight is less than 5% by weight, a line specific resistance increases and / or the adhesion may be degraded.
제 3 금속 산화물 The third metal oxide
상기 태양 전지의 전극 형성용 유리 프릿은 잔부로서 상기 제 1 및 제 2 금속 산화물과상이한 유리 프릿 원료인 제 3 금속 산화물이 포함되는 것일 수 있다. The glass frit for forming an electrode of the solar cell may include a third metal oxide as a remainder which is a glass frit raw material different from the first and second metal oxides.
상기 제 3 금속 산화물은, 산화규소 (Si02) , 산화리튬 (Li20) , The third metal oxide is a silicon oxide (Si0 2), lithium oxide (Li 2 0),
산화아연 (ZnO) , 산화붕소 ( 03), 및 산화알루미늄 (A1203) 증 1종 이상의 유리 프릿 원료 물질일 수 있다. And may be at least one glass frit raw material, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), boron oxide (0 3 ), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ).
예를 들어, 산화규소 (Si02) , 산화리튬 (Li20) , 산화아연 (ZnO) , 산화붕소 (B203) , 및 산화알루미늄 (A1203) 증에서 선택되는 어느 하나의 금속 산화물 만을 사용하거나, 이들 중 2이상의 금속 산화물을 흔합하여 사용할 수 있다. For example, the one selected from silicon oxide (Si0 2), lithium oxide (Li 2 0), zinc (ZnO), boron oxide (B 2 0 3) oxide, and aluminum oxide (A1 2 0 3) increased Only a metal oxide may be used, or two or more metal oxides may be commonly used.
후자의 경우와 관련하여, 이하의 설명들이 각각 독립적으로 적용될 수 있다. With respect to the latter case, the following descriptions can be applied independently to each other.
상기 제 3 금속 산화물은 산화규소 (Si02)가 필수적으로 포함된 것일 수 있다. 이 경우, 상기 유리 상기 유리 프릿 총량 (100중량 %)에 대해, 상기 제 3 금속 산화물의 산화규소 (Si02)가 3 내지 12 중량 %포함되고, 산화리튬 (Li20) , 산화아연 (ZnO) , 산화붕소 ( 03), 및 산화알루미늄 (M203)중 1종 이상의 유리 프릿 원료 물질이 잔부로 포함될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 4 내지 11 중량 ¾>포함된 것일 수 있다. The third metal oxide may be contained in a silicon oxide (Si0 2) must. In this case, 3 to 12 wt% of silicon oxide (Si02) of the third metal oxide is contained in the total amount of glass frit (100 wt%), and lithium oxide (Li 2 O), zinc oxide (ZnO) , Boron oxide (0 3 ), and aluminum oxide (M 2 O 3 ) may be included as the remainder. For example, 4 to 11 wt%.
상기 게 3 금속 산화물은 산화리튬 (Li20)이 필수적으로 포함된 것일 수 있다. 이 경우, 상기 유리 프릿 총량 (100중량 %)에 대해, 상기 제 3 금속 산화물의 산화리튬 (Li20)이 1 내지 9 중량 ¾포함되고, 산화규소 (Si02) , 산화아연 (ZnO) , 산화붕소 ( 03), 및 산화알루미늄 (A1203) 중 1종 이상의 유리 프릿 원료 물질이 잔부로 포함될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 1 내지 7 중량 ¾> 포함된 것일 수 있다. The Ge 3 metal oxide may be essentially one containing lithium oxide (Li 2 O). In this case, for the total amount of glass frit (100% by weight), the third metal Oxide of an oxide of lithium (Li 2 0) is included 1-9 wt ¾, one kind of a silicon oxide (Si0 2), zinc oxide (ZnO), boron oxide (03), and aluminum oxide (A1 2 0 3) Or more of the glass frit raw material may be included as the remainder. For example, 1 to 7 parts by weight.
상기 제 3 금속 산화물은 산화아연 (ZnO)이 필수적으로 포함된 것일 수 있다. 이 경우, 상기 유리 프릿 총량 (100 중량 %)에 대해, 상기 제 3 금속 산화물의 산화아연 (ZnO)이 1.5 내지 13 중량 %포함되고, 산화규소 (Si02) , 산화리튬 (Li20) , 산화붕소 (B203) , 및 산화알루미늄 (A1203)중 1종 이상의 유리 프릿 원료 물질이 잔부로 포함될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 2 내지 12 중량 % 포함된 것일 수 있다. The third metal oxide may include zinc oxide (ZnO). In this case, zinc oxide (ZnO) of the third metal oxide is contained in an amount of 1.5 to 13% by weight based on the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight), and silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), lithium oxide (Li 2 O) Boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) may be included as the remainder. For example, 2 to 12% by weight.
상기 제 3 금속 산화물은 산화붕소 (¾ )가 필수적으로 포함된 것일 수 있다. 이 경우, 상기 유리 프릿 총량 (100 중량 %)에 대해, 상기 제 3 금속 산화물의 산화붕소 (¾03)가 0.5 내지 11 중량 %포함되고, 산화규소 (Si02) , 산화리튬 (Li20) , 산화아연 (ZnO) , 및 산화알루미늄 (A1203)중 1종 이상의 유리 프릿 원료 물질이 잔부로 포함될 수 있다. 예를 들에 0.8 내지 10 증량 % 포함된 것일 수 있다. The third metal oxide may be essentially one containing boron oxide (¾). In this case, the amount of boron oxide (00 3 ) of the third metal oxide is 0.5 to 11% by weight based on the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight), and silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), lithium oxide (Li 2 O) , Zinc oxide (ZnO), and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) may be included as the remainder. For example, 0.8 to 10% by weight.
상기 제 3 금속 산화물은 산화알루미늄 (A1203)이 필수적으로 포함된 것일 수 있다. 이 경우, 상기 유리 프릿 총량 (100 중량 %)에 대해, 상기 게 3 금속산화물의 산화알루미늄 (A1203)이 0.5 내지 4중량 %포함되고, 산화규소 (Si02) , 산화리튬 (Li20) , 산화아연 (ZnO) , 및 산화붕소 (¾03) 중 1종 이상의 유리 프릿 원료 물질이 잔부로 포함될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 0.7 내지 3 중량 %포함된 것일 수 있다. The third metal oxide may be one essentially containing aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ). In this case, the glass frit is the total amount for the (100 wt%), the shop 3 aluminum oxide of the metal oxide (A1 2 0 3) is contained from 0.5 to 4% by weight, silicon oxide (Si0 2), lithium oxide (Li 2 0), zinc oxide (ZnO), and boron oxide (3O 3 ) may be included as the remainder. For example, 0.7 to 3% by weight.
제 4금속 산화물 Fourth metal oxide
한편, 상기 유리 프릿은, 상기 제 1 내지 \제 3 금속 산화물 외에도, 제 4금속 산화물을 더 포함할 수 있다. 즉, 상기 유리 프릿은 상기 거 14 금속 산화물을 포함하지 않아도 무방하다. On the other hand, the glass frits, in addition to the first to \ third metal oxide, a fourth may further include a metal oxide. That is, the glass frit may not contain the above-mentioned metal oxide.
상기 제 4금속 산화물은 산화비스무스 (Bi203) , 산화텅스텐 (W03) , 및 산화몰리브덴 (Mo03) 중 1종 이상을 포함하는 것일 수 있다. The fourth metal oxide may include at least one of bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), tungsten oxide (WO 3 ), and molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ).
예를 들어, 산화비스무스 (Bi203) , 산화텅스텐 (W03) , 및 For example, bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ), tungsten oxide (WO 3 ), and
산화몰리브덴 (Mo03) 중에서 선택되는 어느 하나의 금속 산화물 만을 사용하거나 이들 중 2이상의 금속 산화물을 흔합하여 사용할수 있다. 상기 계 4 금속 산화물인 산화비스무스 (Bi2¾)는, 상기 유리 프릿 총량 ( 100 중량 %)에 대해 0. 1 내지 24중량 %포함될 수 있다. 구체적으로 13 내지 23 중량 ¾>포함될 수 있다. 상기 유리 프릿이 상기 함량을 만족하는 경우 유리의 전이점을 낮춰 접촉 저항을 향상시킬 수 있다. And molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ). Or two or more metal oxides thereof may be commonly used. The bismuth oxide (Bi 2 ¾) as the above-described tetra-metal oxide may be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 24% by weight based on the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight). Specifically 13 to 23 parts by weight. When the glass frit satisfies the above content, the transition point of the glass can be lowered to improve the contact resistance.
상기 제 4 금속 산화물인 산화텅스텐 (W03)은, 상기 유리 프릿 총량 ( 100중량 %)에 대해 0. 1 내지 7 증량 %포함될 수 있다. 구체적으로 1 내지 7 중량 %포함될 수 있다. 상기 유리 프릿이 상기 함량을 만족하는 경우 계면에서의 반응성을 증가시켜 접촉 저항을 낮출 수 있다. The fourth metal oxide tungsten oxide (W0 3 ) may include 0.1 to 7% by weight based on the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight). Specifically 1 to 7% by weight. When the glass frit satisfies the above content, the reactivity at the interface can be increased to lower the contact resistance.
상기 제 4금속 산화물인 산화몰리브덴 (Mo03)은, 상기 유리 프릿 총량 ( 100중량 %)에 대해 0. 1 내지 23 중량 %포함될 수 있다. 구체적으로 14 내지 23 중량 ¾포함될 수 있다. 상기 유리 프릿이 상기 함량을 만족하는 경우 계면에서의 반웅성을 증가시켜 접촉 저항을 낮출 수 있다. Molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ), which is the fourth metal oxide, may be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 23% by weight based on the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight). Specifically 14 to 23 wt%. When the glass frit satisfies the above-mentioned content, the anti-maleicity at the interface can be increased to lower the contact resistance.
다만, 상기 제 3 및 제 4금속 산화물의 구성 성분 및 함량에 관련된 설명은 예시일 뿐, 이에 제한되지 않는다. However, the description of the constituents and the content of the third and fourth metal oxides is merely an example, and is not limited thereto.
유리 프릿의 D50 입경 D50 particle size of glass frit
상기 유리 프릿은, D50 입경이 3 βΐη 이하 (단, 0 j m제외)인 것일 수 있다, The glass frit may have a D50 particle size of 3??? (But excluding 0 jm)
구체적으로, 유리 프릿은, D50 입경이 1.6 내지 2.2卿인 것일 수 있다. Specifically, the glass frit may have a D50 particle size of 1.6 to 2.2 liters.
상기 유리 프릿의 D50 입경이 3 초과인 경우, 접촉저항이 증가와 부착력이 증가하는 문제가 있다. 이러한문제를 방지하기 위해 상기 유리 프릿의 D50 입경이 3 이하 (단, 0 / 제외)로 할 수 있으나, 이에 제한되지 않는다. When the D50 particle diameter of the glass frit exceeds 3, there is a problem that the contact resistance increases and the adhesion force increases. In order to prevent such a problem, the D50 particle size of the glass frit may be 3 or less (but 0 / excluding), but is not limited thereto.
다만, 상기 유리 프릿의 D50 입경이 1.6 내지 2.2/ 일 때, 접촉성이 높아 라인 비저항 및 접촉 저항이 낮고, 더욱 향상된 향상된 전지 효율이 나타나는 것이 확인되었다. However, when the D50 particle diameter of the glass frit was 1.6 to 2.2 /, it was confirmed that the contact resistance was high and the line resistivity and contact resistance were low, and further improved improved cell efficiency was obtained.
유리 프릿의 접촉 저항, 라인 비저항, 및 접착력 Contact Resistance, Line Resistivity, and Adhesion of Glass Frit
전술한 바와 같이 , 상기 제 1 내지 게 3 금속 산화물의 각 함량 범위를 만족하는 텔루륨 (Te)_탈륨 (T1 )계 유리 프릿 (gl ass fr i t )은, 태양 전지의 전극 형성에 사용되어, 전극 및 반도체 기판사이의 라인 저항 및 접촉 저항을 낮추면서도, 열 안정성을 확보하는 데 기여한다 . As described above, a tellurium (Te) -thallium (T1) glass frit, which satisfies the respective ranges of the contents of the first to third metal oxides, Is used for electrode formation, contributing to ensuring thermal stability while lowering the line resistance and contact resistance between the electrode and the semiconductor substrate.
보다 구체적으로, 상기 유리 프릿은, 이하에서 설명되는 접촉 저항, 라인 비저항, 및 접착력의 각 범위를 만족할 수 있다. More specifically, the glass frit can satisfy the respective ranges of contact resistance, line resistivity, and adhesion force described below.
상기 유리 프릿은, 접촉 저항 (Contact Resistivity, pc)이 2ᅳ mohmThe glass frit has a contact resistance (p c ) of 2 ᅳ mohm
- cm2 이하 (단, 0 mohm . cnf 제외), 예를 들어 0.9 내지 2.0 mohm · crf 이고, 라인 비저항 (Line Specific Resistivity, ' pL)이 3.5 μ Ω · cm이하 (단, 0 μ Ω · cm 제외 ), 예를 들어 2.8 내지 3.5 y Ω · cm이고, - cm 2 or less (excluding 0 mohm. cnf), for example, 0.9 to 2.0 mohm · crf and a line specific resistivity (pL) of 3.5 μΩ · cm or less (provided that 0 μΩ · cm For example, 2.8 to 3.5 y? Cm,
접착력 (Adhesion)이 1.7 N 이상, 예를 들어 1.7 내지 3.3 N인 것일 수 있다. Adhesion may be 1.7 N or more, for example, 1.7 to 3.3 N.
유리 프릿의 유리전이온도 (Tg) 및 결정화온도 (Tc) The glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tc)
전술한 바와 같이, 상기 제 1 내지 제 3 금속 산화물의 각 함량 범위를 만족하는 텔루륨 (Te)-탈륨 (T1)계 유리 프릿 (glass frit)은, 태양 전지의 전극 형성에 사용되어, 전극 및 반도체 기판사이의 라인 저항 및 접촉 저항을 낮추면서도 열 안정성을 확보하는 데 기여한다. As described above, a tellurium (Te) -thallium (Tl) glass frit satisfying the respective ranges of the contents of the first to third metal oxides is used for electrode formation of the solar cell, Contributes to securing thermal stability while lowering the line resistance and contact resistance between the semiconductor substrates.
보다구체적으로, 상기 유리 프릿은, 이하에서 설명되는 More specifically, the glass frit is a glass frit,
유리전이온도 (Tg) 및 결정화온도 (Tc)의 각 범위를 만족할수 있다. Glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tc).
유리 프릿은 유리전이온도 (Tg)가 200°C 내지 330°C일 수 있다. The glass frit may have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 200 ° C to 330 ° C.
유리 프릿은 결정화온도 (Tc)가 220°C 내지 35CTC일 수 있다. The glass frit may have a crystallization temperature (Tc) of 220 ° C to 35 ° C.
유리 프릿이 유리전이온도 (Tg) 또는 결정화온도 (Tc)를 상기 범위로' 만족하는 경우ᅳ 소성온도에서 층분한유동성을 가짐으로 Silver 입자의 소결 촉진, 계면에서의 반웅에 의한 접촉저항 향상 및 부착력을 부여해준다. Glass frit is a glass transition temperature (Tg), or if "satisfy the crystallization temperature (Tc) in the above range has to promote sintering of Silver particles a layer with sufficient fluidity at eu baking temperature, a contact resistance improved by banung at the interface and adhesion .
유리 프릿의 제조 방법 Manufacturing method of glass frit
한편, 상기 유리 프릿은, 통상의 방법을사용하여 제조될 수 있다. 예를 들면, 상기 제 1 내지 게 3 금속 산화물의 각 함량 범위를 만족하도록 흔합한 후, 이를 900°C 내지 1300 °c의 온도 범위에서 용융시키고, On the other hand, the glass frit can be produced by a conventional method. For example, it is common to satisfy the respective content ranges of the first to third metal oxides, and then it is melted in the temperature range of 900 ° C to 1300 ° C,
상온 (25°C)에서 담금질 (quenching)한 다음, 분쇄함으로써 최종적으로 입경이 조절된 유리 프릿을 수득할 수 있다. Quenched at room temperature (25 ° C), and then pulverized to finally obtain a glass frit having a controlled particle diameter.
상기 제 1 내지 제 3 금속 산화물의 흔합은, 블 밀 (ball mill), 플라네터리 밀 (planetary mill) 등을사용하여 수행될 수 있지만, 이에 제한되지 않는다. 또한, 최종적으로 입경이 조절된 유리 프릿을 수득하기 위한 분쇄는, 디스크 밀 (di sk mi l l ) , 플라네터리 밀 둥을사용하여 수행될 수 있지만, 이에 제한되지 않는다. The intermixing of the first to third metal oxides can be performed using a ball mill, a planetary mill or the like, but is not limited thereto. In addition, pulverization to obtain a glass frit having finally controlled particle diameter can be carried out using a disk mill, a planetary mill, but is not limited thereto.
상기 최종적으로 수득되는 유리 프릿은, 전술한 D50 입경을 만족할 수 있고, 그 형상은 구형이거나 무정형 중 어떠한 것이든 무방하다. The finally obtained glass frit can satisfy the above-mentioned D50 particle size, and its shape may be spherical or amorphous.
태양전지의 전극 형성용 페이스트 (paste) 조성물 Paste composition for electrode formation of solar cell
본 발명의 다른 일 구현예에서는, 텔루륨 (Te)_탈륨 (T1 )계 유리 프릿 (glass fr i t ) ; 도전성 분말; 및 유기 비히클;을 포함하는, 태양 전지의 전극 형성용 페이스트 (paste) 조성물을 제공한다. In another embodiment of the present invention, a tellurium (Te) thallium (T1) glass frit; Conductive powder; And an organic vehicle. The present invention provides a paste composition for forming an electrode of a solar cell.
단, 상기 유리 프릿은, 전술한 것과 동일한 것으로, 총량 (100 증량 %)에 대해, 제 1 금속 산화물인 산화텔루륨 (Te02)이 22 내지 58 중량 % 포함되고, 거 12 금속 산화물인 산화탈륨 (T1203)이 5 내지 55 중량 ¾> 포함되고, 잔부로는 상기 제 1 및 제 2 금속 산화물과 상이한 유리 프릿 원료인 제 3 금속 산화물이 포함되는 것이다. However, the glass frit is the same as that described above. The glass frit contains 22 to 58 wt% of tellurium oxide (TeO 2 ), which is the first metal oxide, relative to the total amount (100% (T1 2 0 3 ) is contained in an amount of 5 to 55 wt%, and the remainder includes a third metal oxide which is a glass frit raw material different from the first and second metal oxides.
이하, 상기 페이스트 (paste) 조성물을 상세히 설명하되 전술한 것과 중복되는 설명은 생략한다. Hereinafter, the paste composition will be described in detail, but a description overlapping with that described above will be omitted.
도전성 분말의 종류 및 입경 Kind and particle size of conductive powder
상기 도전성 분말은, 도전성을 가지며, 광생성된 전하를 수집하는 기능을 수행할 수 있는 도전성 분말이라면, 특별히 한정되지는 않는다. The conductive powder is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive and capable of performing the function of collecting the photogenerated charge.
예를 들어, 상기 도전성 분말은, 은 (Ag) 분말 은 (Ag) 함유 합금 분말, 알루미늄 (A1 ) 분말, 알루미늄 (A1 ) 함유 합금 분말, 구리 (Cu) 분말, 알루미늄 (A1 ) 함유 합금 분말, 니켈 (Ni ) 분말, 및 니켈 (Ni ) 함유 합금 분말을 포함하는 군에서 선택되는 적어도 1종 이상의 도전성 분말을 For example, the conductive powder may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Ag powder, Ag powder, Al powder, Al powder, Cu powder, Al alloy powder, Nickel (Ni) powder, and nickel (Ni) -containing alloy powder, at least one conductive powder selected from the group consisting of
포함하는 것일 수 있다. 그러나, 이에 한정되지 않고 다른 종류의 금속 분말일 수도 있으며, 상기 금속 분말 외에 다른 첨가물을 포함할 수도 있다. 또한, 상기 도전성 분말은, 서로 다른 입경을 가진 도전성 입자들이 집합된 것일 수 있고, 그 평균 입경은 0.01 내지 50 일 수 있다. 보다 구체적으로, 상기 도전성 분말이 은 (Ag) 분말인 경우, 0. 1 내지 5 의 평균 입경을 가질 수 있다. 이때, 상기 도전성 입자들의 형상은 구형, 판상, 및 무정형 중 어떠한 형상도 가능하다. 유기 비히클의 종류 May include. However, it is not limited to this, and it may be a different kind of metal powder, and may include other additives besides the metal powder. In addition, the conductive powder may be a collection of conductive particles having different particle diameters, and the average particle diameter may be 0.01 to 50. More specifically, when the conductive powder is a silver (Ag) powder, it may have an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 5. At this time, the shape of the conductive particles may be spherical, plate-like, or amorphous. Types of Organic Vehicle
상기 유기 비히클은, 상기 도전성 분말과 흔합되어 적절한 점도를 부여함으로써 페이스트화 하는 것으로, 유기 바인더 및 이를 용해시키는 유기 용매를 포함할 수 있다. The organic vehicle may include an organic binder and an organic solvent for dissolving the organic binder, which is pasted by mixing with the conductive powder to give an appropriate viscosity.
구체적으로, 상기 유기 바인더로는, 에틸 샐를로오스, 에틸 Specifically, examples of the organic binder include ethyl sal,
하이드록시에틸 샐를로오스, 니트로 셀를로오스, 아크릴산 에스테르계 수지 등을 단독 또는 2종 이상흔합하여 사용할 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다. Hydroxyethyl salicylose, nitrocellulose, acrylic ester resin, etc. may be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.
또한, 상기 유기 용매로는., 2,2,4-트리메틸- 모노이소부티레이트 (텍사놀, Texano l ) , 부틸 카비를 아세테이트 (디에틸렌 글리콜 모노부틸 에테르 아세테이트), 를루엔,' 에틸셀로솔브, 부틸센로솔브, 부틸 카비를 (디에틸렌 글리콜 모노부틸 에테르), 디부틸 카비를 (디에틸렌 글리콜 디부틸 에테르) , 프로필렌 글리콜 모노메틸 에테르 등의 글라이콜 에테르 류의 용매 핵실렌 글리콜, 터핀올 (Terpineol ) , 메틸에틸케톤, 3- 펜탄디올 등을 단독 또는 2종 이상 흔합하여 사용할 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다. Further, as the organic solvent is 2,2,4-trimethyl-monoisobutyrate (Tec sanol, Texano l), acetate, butyl carbitol (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate), a cellosolve as toluene, 'ethyl cells , Butylcyclohexane (diethylene glycol monobutyl ether), dibutylcabi (diethylene glycol dibutyl ether), propylene glycol monomethyl ether, etc. Nucleus silylene glycol, Terpineol, methyl ethyl ketone, 3-pentanediol, etc. may be used singly or in combination of two or more, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
각 구성 성분의 함량 The content of each constituent
상기 유리 프릿은, 상기 페이스트 조성물의 총량 ( 100 중량 %)에 대해, 1 내지 5 중량 %, 구체적으로는 1.5 내지 4.0 중량 %로 포함될 수 있다. 상기 유리 프릿이 상기 함량 범위 내로 포함될 경우, 전극과 반도체 기판사이의 접착력이 향상되어, 효율아우수한 태양 전지를 구현할 수 있다. The glass frit may be contained in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight, specifically, 1.5 to 4.0% by weight based on the total amount (100% by weight) of the paste composition. When the glass frit is contained within the above content range, the adhesion between the electrode and the semiconductor substrate is improved, and a solar cell having superior efficiency can be realized.
또한, 상기 도전성 분말은, 상기 페이스트 조성물의 총량 ( 100 Further, the conductive powder may contain the total amount of the paste composition (100
중량 %)에 대하여 80 내지 95 중량 %로 포함될 수 있고, 구체적으로는 86 내지 90 중량 %로 포함될 수 있다. 상기 도전성 분말이 상기 함량 범위 내로 포함되는 경우, 소성 시 상기 도전성 분말의 적절한 층진 밀도에 의해 우수한 전기 전도성을 가질 수 있고, 페이스트 조성물 제조 시 분산성이 우수해질 수 있다. By weight based on 100% by weight of the composition), and specifically from 86 to 90% by weight. When the conductive powder is contained within the above-mentioned content range, it can have excellent electrical conductivity due to the appropriate layered density of the conductive powder during firing, and can be excellent in dispersibility in the production of the paste composition.
한편, 상기 페이스트 조성물의 총량 ( 100 중량 %)에 대해, 상기 유기 비히클은 5 내지 40 중량 %, 구체적으로는 5 내지 15 중량 %로 포함될 수 있다. 상기 유기 비히클이 상기 함량 범위 내로 포함되는 경우, 적절한 점도를 가진 페이스트 조성물이 제조될 수 있다 . On the other hand, the organic vehicle may be included in an amount of 5 to 40% by weight, specifically 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total amount (100% by weight) of the paste composition. When the organic vehicle is included in the above content range, A paste composition having a viscosity can be prepared.
종합적으로, 상기 페이스트 조성물 총량 ( 100 중량 «에 대해, 상기 도전성 분말은 86 내지 90 중량 %포함되고, 상기 유리 프릿은 1.5 내지 4.0 중량 %포함되고, 상기 유기 비히클은 7 내지 12.5 중량 %포함되는 것일 수 있다. In general, the total amount of the paste composition (100 wt.%, The conductive powder is 86 to 90 wt.%, The glass frit is 1.5 to 4.0 wt.% And the organic vehicle is 7 to 12.5 wt. .
첨가제 additive
상기 페이스트 (paste) 조성물은, 첨가제를 더 포함하는 것일 수 있다. 상기 첨가제는, 필요에 따라, 분산제, 요변제, 가소제, 점도 The paste composition may further comprise an additive. The additive may contain, if necessary, a dispersant, a thixotropic agent, a plasticizer, a viscosity
안정화제, 소포제, 자외선 안정제, 산화방지제, 커플링제 등을 단독 또는 2종 이상 흔합하여 사용할 수 있다. A stabilizer, a defoaming agent, an ultraviolet stabilizer, an antioxidant, a coupling agent or the like may be used alone or in combination.
이때, 상기 페이스트 조성물 총량 ( 100 중량 ¾)에 대해, 상기 첨가제는 0. 1 내지 5 중량 %포함되는 것일 수 있다. At this time, the additive may be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 5 wt% based on the total amount of the paste composition (100 wt%).
무기 입자 Inorganic particle
한편, 상기 상기 페이스트 (paste) 조성물은, 상기 유리 프릿 (gl ass fr i t )과 별도로 무기 입자를 더 포함할 수 있다. 물론, 상기 유리 Meanwhile, the paste composition may further include inorganic particles in addition to the glass frit. Of course,
프릿 (glass fr i t )과 별도의 무기 입자를 포함하지 않아도 무방하다. It is not necessary to include the inorganic particles in addition to the glass frits.
태양전지의 전극 Electrode of solar cell
본 발명의 또 다른 일 구현예에서는, 전술한 페이스트 (paste) 조성물을사용하여 형성된 태양 전지용 전극을 제공한다. In another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an electrode for a solar cell formed using the above-described paste composition.
상기 전극은 전면 전극일 수 있고, 후면 전극이어도 무방하며, 전술한 유리 프릿 조성물 또는 이를 포함하는 페이스트 조성물을사용하여 제조됨으로써 , 태양 전지의 효율을 향상시키면서도 열 안정성을 확보할 수 있다. The electrode may be a front electrode or a rear electrode. By using the glass frit composition or the paste composition containing the glass frit composition described above, heat stability can be secured while improving the efficiency of the solar cell.
전술한 유리 프릿 조성물 또는 이를 포함하는 페이스트 조성물에 관한 중복되는 설명은 생략하고, 상기 전극 및 그 형성 방법에 대해서는 이하의 설명에 따른다. A detailed description of the glass frit composition or the paste composition containing the glass frit composition described above will be omitted, and the method of forming the electrode and the paste composition will be described below.
태양전지 Solar cell
본 발명의 또 다른 일 구현예에서는, 반도체 기판;을 포함하고, 전술한 전극이 상기 반도체 기판의 적어도 일면에 위치하는 태양 전지를 제공한다.도 1은 , 상기 태양 전지의 단면도를 예시한 것이다. 이하, 도 1을 참고하여 일 구현예에 따른 태양 전지를 설명한다. According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a solar cell including a semiconductor substrate, wherein the above-described electrode is disposed on at least one surface of the semiconductor substrate. FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the solar cell. Hereinafter, a solar cell according to one embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
다만, 이는 단지 예시에 불과할 뿐, 상기 태양 전지가 도 1에 한정되는 것은 아니다. However, this is merely an example, and the solar cell is not limited to FIG.
이하에서는, 설명의 편의 상상기 반도체 기판 (10)을 중심으로 상하의 위치 관계를 설명하지만, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다. 또한, 반도체기판 (10) 중 태양 에너지를 받는 면을 전면 (front side)이라 하고, 상기 전면의 반대면을 후면 (rear side)이라 한다. Hereinafter, the positional relationship between the semiconductor substrate 10 and the semiconductor substrate 10 will be described. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The side of the semiconductor substrate 10 receiving solar energy is referred to as a front side, and the opposite side of the front side is referred to as a rear side.
도 1을 참고하면, 일 구현예에 따른 태양 전지는 하부 반도체 층 (10a) 및 상부 반도체 층 (10b)을 포함하는 반도체 기판 (10)을 포함한다. 상기 반도체 기판 (10)은 반도체 물질로 만들어질 수 있다. 상기 반도체 물질은 구체적으로 결정질 규소 또는 화합물 반도체일 수 있고, 상기 결정질 규소로는 실리콘 웨이퍼가사용될 수 있다. Referring to FIG. 1, a solar cell according to an embodiment includes a semiconductor substrate 10 including a lower semiconductor layer 10a and an upper semiconductor layer 10b. The semiconductor substrate 10 may be made of a semiconductor material. The semiconductor material may be specifically a crystalline silicon or a compound semiconductor, and the crystalline silicon may be a silicon wafer.
이때, 상기 하부 반도체 층 (10a) 및 상기 상부 반도체 층 (10b) 중 하나는 p형 불순물로 도핑된 반도체 층일 수 있으며 다른 하나는 n형 불순물로 도핑된 반도체 층일 수 있다. 예컨대, 상기 하부 반도체 At this time, one of the lower semiconductor layer 10a and the upper semiconductor layer 10b may be a semiconductor layer doped with a p-type impurity, and the other may be a semiconductor layer doped with an n-type impurity. For example,
층 (10a)은 상기 p형 불순물로 도핑된 반도체 층이고, 상기 상부 Layer 10a is a semiconductor layer doped with the p-type impurity,
반도체층 (10b)은 상기 n형 불순물로 도핑된 반도체 층일 수 있다. 이 때 상기 p형 불순물은 붕소 (B)와 같은 III족 화합물일 수 있고, 상기 n형 불순물은 인 (P)과 같은 V족 화합물일 수 있다. The semiconductor layer 10b may be a semiconductor layer doped with the n-type impurity. The p-type impurity may be a Group III compound such as boron (B), and the n-type impurity may be a Group V compound such as phosphorus (P).
한편, 상기 반도체 기판 (10)의 적어도 일면에는, 전극이 형성된다. 상기 전극은 전면 전극 (20) 및 후면 전극 (30)을 포함할 수 있으나, 이러한 구조에 한정되는 것은 아니다. On the other hand, on at least one surface of the semiconductor substrate 10, an electrode is formed. The electrode may include a front electrode 20 and a rear electrode 30, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
또한, 상기 반도체 기판 (10)의 전면에는 반사방지막 (12)이 형성될 수 있다. 상기 반사방지막 (12)은 태양 에너지를 받는 반도체 기판 (10)의 전면에 형성되어 빛의 반사율을 줄이고 특정한 파장 영역의 선택성을 증가시킬 수 있다. 또한상기 반도체 기판 (10)의 표면에 존재하는 Also, an anti-reflection film 12 may be formed on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate 10. The anti-reflection film 12 may be formed on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate 10 to receive solar energy, thereby reducing the reflectance of light and increasing the selectivity of a specific wavelength region. Also, it is preferable that the
실리콘과의 접촉 특성을 개선하여 태양 전지의 효율을 높일 수 있다. The efficiency of the solar cell can be improved by improving the contact property with silicon.
이에, 상기 반사방지막 (12)은 빛을 적게 흡수하고 절연성이 있는 물질로 만들어질 수 있다. 상기 반사방지막의 예를 들면, 질화규소 (SiNx), 산화규소 (Si02), 산화티타늄 (Ti02), 산화알루미늄 (A1203), 산화마그네슴 (MgO), 산화세륨 (Ce02) 및 이들의 조합일 수 있으며, 단일 층 또는 복수 층으로 형성될 수 있다. The anti-reflection film 12 may be made of a material that absorbs less light and is insulating. The reflective film of, for example, silicon nitride (SiN x), silicon oxide (Si0 2), titanium oxide (Ti0 2), aluminum (A1 2 0 3), magnesium oxide thoracic oxide (MgO), Cerium oxide (CeO 2 ), and combinations thereof, and may be formed as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
상기 반사방지막 ( 12)은 200 내지 1500A의 두께를 가질 수 있지만, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다. The anti-reflection film 12 may have a thickness of 200 to 1500 A, but is not limited thereto.
상기 반사방지막 ( 12) 위에는, 복수의 전면 전극 (20)이 형성될 수 있다. 상기 전면 전극 (20)은 상기 반도체 기판 ( 10)의 일 방향을 따라 나란히 뻗어 있을 수 있지만, 이에 한정되지는 않는다. On the antireflection film 12, a plurality of front electrodes 20 may be formed. The front electrodes 20 may extend along one direction of the semiconductor substrate 10, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
이때, 상기 전면 전극 (20)은 전술한 유리 프릿 조성물 또는 이를 포함하는 페이스트 조성물을 사용하여 형성될 수 있으며, 스크린 At this time, the front electrode 20 may be formed using the above-described glass frit composition or a paste composition containing the same,
인쇄 (screen pr int ing) 방법으로 형성될 수 있다. 이때의 조성물에 포함된 도전성 분말은, 은 (Ag) 등의 저저항 도전성 분말일 수 있다. May be formed by a screen printing method. The conductive powder contained in the composition at this time may be a low-resistance conductive powder such as silver (Ag).
상기 전면 전극 (21) 위에는 버스 바 (bus bar ) 전극 (도시하지 않음)。 형성될 수 있다. 상기 버스 바 전극은, 복수의 태양 전지 셀을 조립할 때 이웃하는 태양 전지 셀을 연결하기 위한 것이다. A bus bar electrode (not shown) may be formed on the front electrode 21. The bus bar electrode is for connecting neighboring solar cells when assembling a plurality of solar cells.
상기 반도체 기판 ( 10)의 하부에는 후면 전극 (30)이 형성될 수 있다. 상기 후면 전극 (30)은 역시 , 전술한 유리 프릿 조성물 또는 이를 포함하는 페이스트 조성물을사용하여, 스크린 인쇄 방법으로 형성될 수 있다. A rear electrode 30 may be formed under the semiconductor substrate 10. The rear electrode 30 may also be formed by a screen printing method using the above-described glass frit composition or a paste composition containing the same.
이때의 조성물에 포함된 도전성 분말은, 알루미늄 (A1 ) 등과 같은 불투명 금속을사용할 수 있다. As the conductive powder contained in the composition at this time, an opaque metal such as aluminum (A1) or the like may be used.
상기 구조를 가진 태양 전지는, 다음과 같은 과정에 따라 제작될 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다. The solar cell having the above structure can be manufactured according to the following procedure, but is not limited thereto.
먼저 반도체 기판 (10)을 준비한다. 이때 사용되는 반도체 First, the semiconductor substrate 10 is prepared. At this time,
기판 ( 10)으로는, 실리콘 웨이퍼를사용할 수 있고, 여기에는 p형 불순물이 도핑되어 있을 수 있다. As the substrate 10, a silicon wafer can be used, and a p-type impurity may be doped.
그 다음, 상기 반도체 기판 ( 10)에 n형 불순물을 도핑한다. 여기서 n형 불순물은, P0C13 , H3PO4등을 고온에서 확산시킴으로써 도핑할 수 있다. 이에 따라, 상기 반도체 기판 (10)은, 다른 불순물로 도핑된 하부 반도체 층 ( 10a) 및 상부 반도체 층 (10b)을 포함하게 될 수 있다. Then, the semiconductor substrate 10 is doped with an n-type impurity. Here, the n-type impurity can be doped by diffusing POCl 3 , H 3 PO 4 , etc. at a high temperature. Accordingly, the semiconductor substrate 10 may include a lower semiconductor layer 10a doped with another impurity and an upper semiconductor layer 10b.
이후, 상기 상부 반도체 층 ( 10b) 위에 반사방지막 ( 12)을 형성할 수 있다. 상기 반사방지막 (12) 위에 전술한 유리 프릿 조성물 또는 이를 포함하는 페이스트 조성물을 도포한 뒤 건조하여, 전면 전극 (20)을 형성할 수 있다. 이때, 상기 조성물 내 유리 프릿이 용융되면서 상기 Thereafter, the anti-reflection film 12 may be formed on the upper semiconductor layer 10b. On the antireflection film 12, the above-mentioned glass frit composition or And then dried to form the front electrode 20. At this time, as the glass frit in the composition is melted,
반사방지막 ( 12)을 관통함에 따라, 상기 전면 전극 (20)은 상기 상부 반도체 층 ( 10b)과 접촉하게 된다. The front electrode 20 is in contact with the upper semiconductor layer 10b as it passes through the antireflection film 12.
그 다음, 상기 하부 반도체 층 ( 10a) 위에도, 전술한유리 프릿 조성물 또는 이를 포함하는 페이스트 조성물을 도포한 뒤 건조하여 , 후면 전극 (30)을 형성할수 있다. Next, the glass frit composition or the paste composition containing the glass frit composition described above may be coated on the lower semiconductor layer 10a and then dried to form the rear electrode 30.
보다구체적으로, 상기 전면 전극 (20) 및 상기 후면 전극 (30) 형성 시, 각각의 조성물을 스크린 인쇄 (screen pr int ing) 방법으로 도포한 다음, 이를 소성하여 건조할수 있다. More specifically, at the time of forming the front electrode 20 and the rear electrode 30, each composition may be applied by a screen printing method, followed by firing and drying.
상기 소성은 소성로 내에서 수행될 수 있고, 상기 각각의 조성물 내 도전성 분말의 용융 온도보다 높은 온도까지 승온시킬 수 있다. 예컨대, 상기 소성은 약 700 내지 900 °C의 온도 범위에서 수행할 수 있다. The firing may be performed in a firing furnace, and the firing temperature may be raised to a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the conductive powder in each of the compositions. For example, the firing can be performed at a temperature range of about 700 to 900 ° C.
【발명의 효과】 【Effects of the Invention】
본 발명의 구현예들에 따르면, 산화납 (PbO)이 배제된 유리 프릿 및 이를 포함하는 페이스트 조성물을 통해, 태양 전지의 효율 및 열 안정성을 개선할 수 있다. According to embodiments of the present invention, the efficiency and thermal stability of the solar cell can be improved through the glass frit excluded from lead oxide (PbO) and the paste composition containing it.
【도면의 간단한 설명】 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
도 1은, 본 발명의 일 구현예에 따른 태양 전지를 개략적으로 도시한 것이다. 1 schematically illustrates a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【발명을 실시하기 위한 구체적인 내용】 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예들, 이에 대비되는 비교예들, 및 이들을 비교하여 평가한 평가예들을 기재한다. 그러나 하기 실시예들은 본 발명의 바람직한실시예들 중 일부일 뿐, 본 발명이 하기 실시예들에 한정되는 것은 아니다. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention, comparative examples thereof, and evaluation examples in which these are compared and evaluated will be described. However, the following examples are only a few of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
실시예 1 내지 14 Examples 1 to 14
(1) 유리 프릿의 제조 (1) Production of glass frit
무중력 흔합기 내에서, 하기 표 1을 만족하는 각각의 조성으로 금속 산화물 분말을 흔합하였다ᅳ 이는, 모든 금속 산화물 분말이 완전하흔합이 되도록, 층분한 시간을 두고 수행되었다. 이후, 흔합물을 백금 도가니에 투입하고, 950 내지 1 , 250°C의 온도에서 30 분 (min) 동안용융시켰다. In a zero-gravity stirrer, metal oxide powders were mixed with each composition satisfying Table 1 below. This was carried out over a period of time so that all of the metal oxide powders were completely coalesced. Then, the impregnation was put into a platinum crucible and melted at a temperature of 950 to 1,250 ° C for 30 minutes (min).
그 다음, 용융된 물질을 건식 및 습식 퀀칭 (Quenching)을 통해 급넁시킨 후 하기 표 2의 D50 입경을 각각 만족하도록 젯트 밀 및 파인 밀로 분쇄하였다. 이로써 , 실시예 1 내지 14의 각 유리 프릿을 수득하였다. The molten material was then quenched through dry and wet quenching and milled with a jet mill and a fine mill to meet the D50 diameters respectively in Table 2 below. Thus, each glass frit of Examples 1 to 14 was obtained.
(2) 페이스트조성물의 제조 (2) Preparation of paste composition
( 1)에서 수득된 실시예 1 내지 14의 각 유리 프릿에 도전성 분말, 유기 비히클, 및 첨가제를 투입하고 흔합하여, 각각의 페이스트 조성물을 제조하였다. Each of the glass frit of Examples 1 to 14 obtained in (1) was charged with conductive powder, organic vehicle, and additives and mixed to prepare respective paste compositions.
구체적으로, 각각의 페이스트 조성물 총량 (loo 중량 에 대해, 유리 프릿은 2.5 중량 %, 도전성 분말은 88.5 중량 %, 유기 비히클은 6.5 증량 % , 첨가제는 2.5 중량 %가 되도록 하였다. Specifically, the total amount of each of the paste compositions (glass frit, glass frit, conductive powder, and organic vehicle were increased to 6.5 wt%, 6.5 wt% and 2.5 wt%, respectively, based on 100 wt% of the paste composition.
이때 상기 도전성 분말로는 은 (Ag) 분말 (D50 입경: 2.0 m)을 사용하고, 상기 유기 비히클로는 유기 바인더인 에틸 셀를로오스 및 유기 용매인 (2 , 2 , 4-트라메틸-모노이소부티레이트가 3 : 97의 증량비 (기재 순서는, 유기 바인더 : 유기 용매)로 흔합된 것을사용하고, 상기 첨가제로는 요변제 (CRAYVALLAC)및 분산제 (Duomeen TD0)를사용하였다. (D50 particle diameter: 2.0 m) was used as the conductive powder. Ethyl cell, which is an organic binder, was dissolved in toluene and organic solvent (2,2,4-trimethyl-monoisoprene (Butane organic solvent: organic solvent), and an additive (CRAYVALLAC) and a dispersant (Duomeen TD0) were used as the additive.
(3) 태양 전지의 제작 (3) Production of solar cell
전면 전극을 형성하기 전에, 반도체 기판의 일종인 실리콘 Before forming the front electrode, a silicon substrate
웨이퍼 (면저항: 85 Ω /sq . )의 후면에, 알루미늄 페이스트 조성물을 도포한 후 건조하여 후면 전극을 형성하였다. On the back side of the wafer (sheet resistance: 85 Ω / sq.), An aluminum paste composition was applied and dried to form a back electrode.
구체적으로, 상기 알루미늄 페이스트 조성물은 상용 제품인 DSCP- A151(동진쎄미켐) 페이스트를 사용하여 인쇄 -건조 한후 전면 전극을 형성하였다. 상기 건조는, 적외선 건조로 내에서 130 V 에서 4 분 (min) 유지 후 냉각시키는 방법으로 수행되었다. Specifically, the aluminum paste composition was printed-dried using a commercial product DSCP-A151 (Dongjin Semichem) paste to form a front electrode. The drying was carried out by maintaining in an infrared drying furnace at 130 V for 4 minutes (min) and cooling.
이후, (2)에서 제조된 실시예 1 내지 14의 각 페이스트 조성물을 사용하여, 각각의 전면 전극을 형성하였다. Thereafter, each of the paste compositions of Examples 1 to 14 prepared in (2) was used to form respective front electrodes.
구체적으로, 상기 후면 전극이 형성된 실리콘 웨이퍼 전면에, 상기 각각의 페이스트 조성물을 도포하였다. 상기 도포는, 일정한 패턴으로 스크린 프린팅 하여 인쇄하는 방법으로 수행되었다. 상기 후면 전극 및 상기 전면이 모두 형성된 상태에서, 벨트형 소성로를 사용하여 245 inch/min의 속도로 770°C까지 승온하여 소성을 하였다. Specifically, the respective paste compositions were applied to the entire surface of the silicon wafer on which the rear electrodes were formed. The application was performed by screen printing and printing in a predetermined pattern. In the state that both the rear electrode and the front surface were formed, the temperature was raised to 770 ° C at a rate of 245 inches / min using a belt-type sintering furnace and firing was performed.
【표 1】 [Table 1]
【표 2] 실시예 -1 65.5 1.7 [Table 2] Example-1 65.5 1.7
실시예 -2 78. 1 1.8 Example-2 78. 1 1.8
실시예 -3 80.2 2 ,0 Example-3 80.2 2, 0
실시예 -4 81.4 2.2 Example-4 81.4 2.2
실시예 -5 73.6 1.7 Example -5 73.6 1.7
실시예 -6 75.3 1.9 Example -6 75.3 1.9
실시예 -7 68.5 1.6 Example-7 68.5 1.6
실시예 -8 67.7 1.6 Example-8 67.7 1.6
실시예 -9 61.3 1.8 Example-9 61.3 1.8
실시예 -10 79.0 1.6 Example-10 79.0 1.6
실시예 -11 70.2 2.0 Example-11 70.2 2.0
실시예 -12 55.0 1.9 Example-12 55.0 1.9
실시 ^1-13 67.5 2.0 Implementation ^ 1-13 67.5 2.0
실시예 -14 61.2 2. 1 단, 표 2에서, [Te02] , 및 [T1203]는 각각, 상기 유리 프릿 총량 ( 100 중량 %)에 대한 상기 산화텔루륨 (Te02)의 함량 (중량 및 상기 산화탈륨 (T1203)의 함량 (중량 ¾»)을 의미한다. Example -14 61.2 2. In stage 1, Table 2, [Te0 2], and [T1 2 0 3] is the amount of the tellurium oxide (Te0 2) for each, the total amount of the glass frit (100% by weight) (Weight) and the content (weight ¾) of the thallium oxide (T1 2 0 3 ).
비교예 1내지 10 Comparative Examples 1 to 10
(1) 유리 프릿의 제조 (1) Production of glass frit
하기 표 3 을 만족하는 각각의 조성으로 금속 산화물 분말을 흔합하였다. 이는, 모든 금속 산화물 분말이 완전히 흔합이 되도록, 층분한 시간을 두고 수행되었다. The metal oxide powders were mixed with each composition satisfying Table 3 below. This was carried out over a period of time so that all of the metal oxide powders were completely miscible.
이후, 혼합물을 백금 도가니에 투입하고, 950 내지 1 , 250°C의 온도에서 30 분 (min) 동안 용융시켰다. Then, the mixture was put into a platinum crucible and melted at a temperature of 950 to 1,250 ° C for 30 minutes (min).
그 다음, 용융된 물질을 건식 및 습식 퀀칭 (Quenching)을 통해 급넁시킨 후, 하기 표 4의 D50 입경을 각각 만족하도록 젯트 밀 및 파인 밀로 분쇄하였다. 이로써, 비교예 1 내지 10의 각 유리 프릿을 수득하였다. Subsequently, the molten material was quenched by dry and wet quenching, and then pulverized into a jet mill and a fine mill so as to satisfy the D50 particle diameters respectively shown in Table 4 below. Thus, each glass frit of Comparative Examples 1 to 10 was obtained.
(2) 페이스트조성물의 제조 (2) Preparation of paste composition
( 1)에서 수득된 비교예 1 내지 10의 각 유리 프릿을 사용하여, 실시예와 동일한 방법으로 페이스트 조성물을 제조하였다. Using each glass frit of Comparative Examples 1 to 10 obtained in (1) A paste composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example.
(3) 태양 전지의 제작 (3) Production of solar cell
(2)에서 제조된 비교예 1 내지 10의 각 페이스트 조성물을 사용하여 실시예와 동일한 방법으로 전면 전극을 형성하고 태양 전지를 제작하였다. Using the paste compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 10 prepared in (2), front electrodes were formed in the same manner as in Example to fabricate solar cells.
【표 3] [Table 3]
【표 4】 [Table 4]
비교예 -6 84.2 1.7 Comparative Example 6 84.2 1.7
비교예 -7 58.9 1.8 비교예 -8 53.2 2.0 비교예 -6 73.3 1.6 비교예 -9 57.9 2.0 비교예 -10 54.3 1.9 단, 표 4에서, [Te02] , 및 [T1203]는 각각, 상기 유리 프릿 총량 (100 중량 %)에 대한 상기 산화텔루륨 (Te02)의 함량 (증량 %) , 및 상기 산화탈륨 (T1203)의 함량 (중량 %)을 의미한다. Comparative Example -7 58.9 1.8 Comparative Example -8 53.2 2.0 Comparative Example -6 73.3 1.6 Comparative Example -9 57.9 2.0 Comparative Example -10 54.3 1.9 In Table 4, [Te0 2 ] and [T1 2 0 3 ] means the content (% by weight) of the content (% increase), and the oxidizing thallium (T1 2 0 3) of the tellurium oxide (Te0 2) with respect to the total amount of the glass frit (100 wt%).
평가예 1: 접착력. 라인 비저항, 접촉 비저항. 및 효율 평가 실시예 1 내지 14, 및 비교예 1 내지 10에 대해, 접착력, 라인 비저항, 및 접촉 비저항을 평가하여, 각각의 평가 결과를 하기 표 5(실시예) 및 표 6(비교예)에 나타내었다. 이때, 구체적인 평가 조건은 다음과 같다. Evaluation Example 1: Adhesion. Line resistivity, contact resistivity. And Linear Resistivity and Contact Resistance were evaluated for Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10, and the respective evaluation results are shown in the following Table 5 (Examples) and Table 6 (Comparative Examples) Respectively. At this time, the specific evaluation conditions are as follows.
접착력: 태양 전지 전면 전극의 아일랜드 형 ( Island type) 버스 바 (bus bar)에, 리본 (폭 1.5 醒, 두께 0.2 薩)올 일직선으로 맞춘 후, 태빙 (Tabbing) 기기를 사용하여 50C C의 뜨거운 공기 (hot air)를 가하면서 본딩 (bonding)을 실시하였다. 각 본딩 (Bonding)된 웨이퍼에 대해, 만능재료시험기 (NTS technology社)를 사용하여 박리 시험 (peel test , 180도 조건)를 실시하였다. 이와 관련하여, 하기 표 5(실시예) 및 표 6(비교예)에 기록된 접착력은, 상기 박리 시험에서의 측정값의 최고점이다. Adhesion: After aligning the ribbons (width 1.5 mm, thickness 0.2 mm) straight on the island type bus bar of the front electrode of the solar cell, use a Tabbing apparatus to heat the hot air at 50 ° C and bonding was performed while hot air was applied. Each of the bonded wafers was subjected to peel test (180 degree condition) using a universal material testing machine (NTS technology). In this connection, the adhesive force recorded in the following Table 5 (Examples) and Table 6 (Comparative Example) is the highest point of the measured value in the peeling test.
라인 비저항: 길이 20000 및 폭 60 인 인쇄 제판에, 상기 각 은 분말이 포함된 전극 페이스트 조성물을 인쇄, 건조 및 소성한 후, 멀티미터 (Tektronix D醒 4020 device)를 사용하여 라인 저항을 측정하였다. 이와 별도로, 레이저 현미경 ( laser microscope, KEYENCE VK-XIOO)을 사용하여, 면적을 측정하였다. 이후, 아래의 계산식 1에 각각의 측정값을 넣어 라인 비저항을 계산하고, 하기 표 5(실시예) 및 표 6(비교예)에 기록하였다. [계산식 1] 라인 비저항 = (저항 X면적) /길ᄋ 접촉 저항: 접촉 저항은 널리 알려진 방법 중 하나인 TLM (Transfer Length Method)을 이용하여 측정하였다. 구체적으로, 우선 상기 각 은 분말이 포함된 전극 페이스트 조성물을, 웨이퍼에 바 (Bar) 패턴 (L*Z, 500 *3000 )으로 인쇄한 후, 건조, 및 소성 공정을 진행한다. 이때, 접촉 저항 측정 시 간섭 현상을 억제하기 위하여, 레이저 에칭 기기 (Laser Etching Machine, hardram社)으로 진동수 (Frequency) 200kHz 조건, 펄스 폭 (Pulse Width) 50% 조건의 레이저 (Laser)를 2회 조사하여, 바 (Bar) 패턴의 테두리를 절연 (isolation)하였다. 이 후에 멀티미터 (Tektronix D醒 4020 device)로 저항을 측정하고 간격에 따른 저항의 기울기 및 절편을 측정하여 유효길이 (Effective length, LT)를 구하였다. 또한 저항의 기을기와 패턴의 Z축 값을 계산식 2에 넣어, 각 실리콘 웨이퍼 의 면저항 (sheet resistance, p s) 측정하였다. 접촉 비저항은 유효길이 및 면저항 값을 계산식 3에 넣어 계산하고, 하기 표 5(실시예) 및 표 6(비교예)에 기록하였다. . Line Resistivity: The line resistance was measured using a multimeter (Tektronix D 4020 device) after printing, drying and firing an electrode paste composition containing the angular silver powder on a printing plate having a length of 20000 and a width of 60. Separately, the area was measured using a laser microscope (KEYENCE VK-XIOO). Then, the line resistivity was calculated by adding the respective measured values to the following equation 1, and recorded in the following Table 5 (Examples) and Table 6 (Comparative Example). Contact resistance: Contact resistance was measured using TLM (Transfer Length Method), one of the well-known methods. Specifically, first, the electrode paste composition containing the angular silver powder is printed on a wafer in a bar pattern (L * Z, 500 * 3000), followed by drying and firing. At this time, in order to suppress the interference phenomenon in the measurement of the contact resistance, a laser with a frequency of 200 kHz and a pulse width of 50% was irradiated twice with a laser etching machine (hardram) Thereby isolating the rim of the bar pattern. After this, the resistance was measured with a multimeter (Tektronix D 4020 device), and the effective length (L T ) was obtained by measuring the slope and slice of the resistance with the interval. Also, the sheet resistance (ps) of each silicon wafer was measured by putting the Z axis value of the pattern of resistance and the pattern into the equation (2). The contact resistivity is calculated by adding the effective length and the sheet resistance value to the equation 3 and recorded in the following Table 5 (Examples) and Table 6 (Comparative Example). .
[계산식 2] P s= X Z [Equation 2] P s = X Z
[계산식 3] [Equation 3]
【표 5] [Table 5]
Contact저항 Line 비저항 Contact Resistance Line Resistivity
Adhesion 구분 P c P Adhesion Classification P c P
(N) (N)
(raohm - cnf) ( μ Ω - cm) (raohm - cnf) (μ Ω - cm)
실시예 -1 1.3 3.3 2.2 실시예 -2 1.1 3.2 2.1 실시예 -3 1.0 3.2 2.2 실시예一 4 0.9 3.1 1.8 실시예 -5 1.2 3.4 1.8 실시예 -6 1.2 3.5 1.7 실시예 -7 1.8 3.0 2.7 실시^ 1-8 1.9 3. 1 2.8 실시예 -9 1.8 3.2 3.3 ' 실시예 -10 0.9 2.8 2.4 실시 ^1-11 1.3 3.5 1.8 실시예 -12 2.0 3.2 2.2 실시 ^1-13 1.8 3.3 2.6 실시 ^1-14 1.9 3.4 2.9 Example-1 1.3 3.3 2.2 Example-2 1.1 3.2 3.2 Example-3 1.0 3.2 2.2 Example 1-14 0.9 3.1 1.8 Example -5 1.2 3.4 1.8 Example -6 1.2 3.5 1.7 Example -7 1.8 3.0 2.7 Embodiment 1 -8 1.9 3. 1 2.8 Embodiment-9 1.8 3.2 3.3 ' Embodiment-10 0.9 2.8 2.4 Embodiment 1-1 1-13 1.3 3.5 1.8 Embodiment-12 2.0 3.2 2.2 Embodiment 1 -13 1.8 3.3 2.6 Implementation ^ 1-14 1.9 3.4 2.9
【표 6】 [Table 6]
Contact저항 Line 비저항 Contact Resistance Line Resistivity
Adhes i on 구분 P P L Adhesion on P P L
(N) , (N) ,
(mohm · cnf) ( μ Ω · cm) (mohm · cnf) (μΩ · cm)
비교예 -1 3.3 3. 1 2. 1 비교예 -2 3.6 3.2 2.2 비교예 -3 1.5 3.8 1. 1 비교예 -4 2.7 3.2 1.8 비교예 -5 2.2 3.5 1.7 비교예 -6 0.9 3.0 1.5 비교예 -7 2.7 2.7 3.6 비교예 -8 2.8 2.8 3.9 비교예一 6 2. 1 2.8 1.4 비교예 -9 3.2 3.4 2.9 비교예 -10 3.8 3.5 3.5 실시예들과 비교예들은 공통적으로, 산화납 (PbO)이 배제된 유리 프릿을 기반으로 한다. 그러나, 상기 표 5(실시예) 및 표 6(비교예)에 따르면, 구체적인 유리 프릿 성분과 각 성분의 함량에 따라 접착성, 라인 비저항, 접촉 저항, 및 전지 효율이 달라지는 것을 알 수 있다. 구체적으로, 상기 표 5(실시예) 및 표 6(비교예)에 따르면, 비교예 1 내지 10의 경우, 실시예 1 내지 14에 미치지 못하는 낮은 접착성이 나타나거나, 라인 비저항이 높거나, 접촉 저항이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이와 달리, 실시예 1 내지 14의 경우, 모두 1.7 N 이상의 우수한 접착성이 나타나면서도, 3.5 ιιΩ · cm 이하의 낮은 라인 비저항 및 2.0 ηιΩ . erf 이하의 낮은 접촉 저항이 나타나는 것으로 나타났다. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -1 3.3 3. 1 2. 1 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -2 3.6 3.2 2.2 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -3 1.5 3.8 1. 1 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -4 2.7 3.2 1.8 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -5 2.2 3.5 1.7 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -6 0.9 3.0 1.5 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -7 2.7 2.7 3.6 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE -8 2.8 2.8 3.9 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 6 2. 1 2.8 1.4 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE-9 3.2 3.4 2.9 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE-10 3.8 3.5 3.5 In the embodiments and comparative examples, lead oxide (PbO) Is based on the excluded glass frit. However, according to the above Table 5 (Examples) and Table 6 (Comparative Example), it can be seen that the adhesiveness, line resistivity, contact resistance, and cell efficiency vary depending on the specific glass frit component and the content of each component. Specifically, in Table 5 (Examples) and Table 6 (Comparative Examples), in the case of Comparative Examples 1 to 10, low adhesiveness which is not satisfactory to Examples 1 to 14 is exhibited, a line resistivity is high, Resistance was high. On the other hand, in Examples 1 to 14, all of them exhibited excellent adhesiveness of 1.7 N or more, and had a low line resistivity of less than 3.5 ιιΩ · cm and a low line resistivity of 2.0 ηιΩ. the contact resistance was lower than that of erf.
이러한 결과는, 유리 프릿 조성의 차이에 기인한 것으로, 비교예 1 내지 10과 달리, 실시예 1 내지 14에서는 표 1의 조성을 만족함에 따라, 전극과 반도체 기판 사이의 접착성이 우수하게 나타나고, 이에 따라 라인 저항 및 접촉 저항이 낮아진 것을 의미한다. These results are attributed to the difference in the glass frit composition. Unlike Comparative Examples 1 to 10, in Examples 1 to 14, the adhesiveness between the electrode and the semiconductor substrate was excellent due to satisfying the composition shown in Table 1, Which means that the line resistance and contact resistance are lowered.
나아가, 실시예 1 내지 14에서는 표 1의 조성을 만족함과 동시에, 표 2의 주요 성분 함량 관계 및 D50 입경을 만족함에 따라 비교예 1 내지 10에 대비하여 더욱 우수한 특성을 가짐을 알 수 있다. Further, in Examples 1 to 14, it was found that the composition of Table 1 was satisfied, and furthermore, the properties of Comparative Examples 1 to 10 were superior to those of Comparative Examples 1 to 10 as the content of main components in Table 2 and the D50 particle size were satisfied.
평가예 2: 유리 전이 은도 및 결정화온도 평가 Evaluation Example 2: Evaluation of glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature
실시예 1 내지 14, 및 비교예 1 내지 10에 대해, 연화점 및 결정화 은도를 평가하여, 각각의 평가 결과를 하기 표 7(실시예) 및 표 8(비교예)에 나타내었다. 이때, 구체적인 평가조건은 다음과 같다. For Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 10, the softening point and crystallization degree of silver were evaluated, and the respective evaluation results are shown in the following Table 7 (Examples) and Table 8 (Comparative Example). At this time, the specific evaluation conditions are as follows.
유리 전이 은도 (glass transit ion temperature, ¾) : 알루미늄 팬 (pan)에 각 유리 파우더를 20mg 넣고, 시차주사열량계 (Di f ferent i al Scanning Calor imeter , DSC, TA社)를 이용하여 10°C /min의 승온 속도로 580°C까지 온도를 증가시키면서 측정하였다. 측정 시 첫 번째 기을기가 변하는 구간의 접선을 구해서 Tg온도를 측정 하였다. Glass transition temperature (¾): 20 mg of each glass powder was placed in an aluminum pan and heated at 10 ° C / min using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC, TA Corporation) at a heating rate of min it was measured while increasing the temperature to 580 ° C. The Tg temperature was measured by measuring the tangent of the section where the first period was changed.
결정화 은도 (crystal l ization temperature, Tc) : 상기 전이점 측정시 사용된 것과 동일한 기기를 사용하고, 동일한 승온 속도 및 은도 조건을 부과하되, 측정 시 발열 반웅이 끝나는 피크 점을 분석하여, Tc 온도를 측정하였다. ' Crystallization Isolation Temperature (Tc): The same apparatus used for the transition point measurement was used, and the same heating rate and silver condition were imposed, and the peak point at which the exothermic reaction ended was analyzed to determine the Tc temperature Respectively. '
【표 7】 [Table 7]
DSC . DSC .
구분 division
Tg ( °c ) Tc ( °C ) 실시예 -1 243 283 실시예 -2 240 284 실시예 -3 241 279 실시예 -4 211 249 실시예 -5 - 242 258 실시예 -6 223 263 실시예 -7 267 283 실시예 -8 269 287 실시예 -9 256 273 실시예 -10 230 261 ' 실시예 -11 246 276 실시예 -12 273 301 실시예 -13 256 287 실시 ^1-14 247 285 Tg ( ° C) Tc ( ° C) Example-1 243 283 Example-2 240 284 Example-3 241 279 Example -4 211 249 Example -5 - 242 258 Example -6 223 263 Example-7 267 283 Example-8 269 287 Example-9 256 273 Conduct Example-10 230 261 ' Example-11 246 276 Example-12 273 301 Example-13 256 287 Embodiment 1-14 247 285
【표 8】 [Table 8]
DSC DSC
구분 division
Tg rc ) Tc ( °C ) 비교예 -1 246 286. 비교예 -2 243 287 비교예 -3 244 282 비교예 -4 214 252 비교예 -5 245 261 비교예 -6 226 266 비교예 -7 270 286 비교예 -8 272 290 비교예 -6 259 276 비교예 -9 233 264 비교예 -10 ' 249 279 상기 표 7(실시예) 및 표 8(비교예)에 따르면, 유리 프릿 조성의 차이에 기인한 것으로, 비교예 1 내지 10와 달리, 실시예 1 내지 14에서는 적정 연화점에서 연화하여 소성 온도를 보다 낮추는 효과를 유도하고, 우수한 열 안정성을 발현하는 효과가 있음을 의미한다. Tg rc) Tc ( ° C) Comparative Example -1 246 286 . Comparative Example -2 243 287 Comparative Example -3 244 282 Comparative Example -4 214 252 Comparative Example -5 245 261 Comparative Example -6 226 266 Comparative Example -7 270 286 Comparative Example-8 272 290 Comparative Example -6 259 276 Comparative Example -9 233 264 Comparative Example -10 ' 249 279 Unlike Comparative Examples 1 to 10, in Examples 1 to 14, the softening temperature was softened at a proper softening point and the firing temperature was found to be higher than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 10. The results are shown in Table 7 (Examples) and Table 8 Lowering effect, and has an effect of exhibiting excellent thermal stability.
본 발명은 상기 실시예들에 한정되는 것이 아니라 서로 다른 다양한 형태로 제조될 수 있으며, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자는 본 발명의 기술적 사상이나 필수적인 특징을 변경하지 않고서 다른 구체적인 형태로 실시될 수 있다는 것을 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 그러므로 이상에서 기술한 실시예들은 모든 면에서 예시적인 것이며 한정적이 아닌 것으로 이해해야만 한다. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. As will be understood by those skilled in the art. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive.
【부호의 설명】 DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
10: 반도체 기판 10a: 하부 반도체 층 10b: 상부 반도체 층 12: 반사방지막 20: 전면 전극 30: 후면 전극 10: semiconductor substrate 10a: lower semiconductor layer 10b: upper semiconductor layer 12: antireflection film 20: front electrode 30: rear electrode
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| KR20140009988A (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2014-01-23 | 헤레우스 프레셔스 메탈즈 노스 아메리카 콘쇼호켄 엘엘씨 | Solar cell metallizations containing metal additive |
| KR20150071632A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-26 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Composition for forming solar cell electrode and electrode prepared using the same |
| KR101717508B1 (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-03-27 | 주식회사 휘닉스소재 | Glass frit composition for forming solar cell electrode, and paste composition including the same |
| US20170141249A1 (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-05-18 | Sun Chemical Corporation | A silver paste containing organobismuth compounds and its use in solar cells |
| KR101736773B1 (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-05-29 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | Rear electrode paste for solar cell |
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| KR20140009988A (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2014-01-23 | 헤레우스 프레셔스 메탈즈 노스 아메리카 콘쇼호켄 엘엘씨 | Solar cell metallizations containing metal additive |
| KR20150071632A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-26 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Composition for forming solar cell electrode and electrode prepared using the same |
| US20170141249A1 (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-05-18 | Sun Chemical Corporation | A silver paste containing organobismuth compounds and its use in solar cells |
| KR101717508B1 (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2017-03-27 | 주식회사 휘닉스소재 | Glass frit composition for forming solar cell electrode, and paste composition including the same |
| KR101736773B1 (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2017-05-29 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | Rear electrode paste for solar cell |
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| CN115223745A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-10-21 | 浙江旭达电子有限公司 | Electrode slurry, preparation method and filter |
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