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WO2019092162A1 - Armature de corps en béton imprimés en 3d - Google Patents

Armature de corps en béton imprimés en 3d Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019092162A1
WO2019092162A1 PCT/EP2018/080714 EP2018080714W WO2019092162A1 WO 2019092162 A1 WO2019092162 A1 WO 2019092162A1 EP 2018080714 W EP2018080714 W EP 2018080714W WO 2019092162 A1 WO2019092162 A1 WO 2019092162A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layers
reinforcing elements
component
layer
reinforcing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2018/080714
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Mayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Peri GmbH
Original Assignee
Peri GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peri GmbH filed Critical Peri GmbH
Publication of WO2019092162A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019092162A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0006—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects the reinforcement consisting of aligned, non-metal reinforcing elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0062—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects forcing the elements into the cast material, e.g. hooks into cast concrete
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
    • B29C64/194—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control during lay-up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0445—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms
    • E04G21/0463—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms with boom control mechanisms, e.g. to automate concrete distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a component made of hardenable material according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding component according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • a component made of hardenable material according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding component according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • the production of concrete structures is still largely based on craftsmanship.
  • such structures or parts of these structures can be produced in two different ways.
  • the process is time consuming and requires the deployment of a large number of site workers.
  • Another method is to pour the concrete parts of the structure beforehand in a factory, so to create as prefabricated components and deliver as such to the site. Not only walls or floor components, but entire room cells can be manufactured as prefabricated concrete parts and delivered to the construction site.
  • This method is less expensive, but has a high degree of standardization and is therefore suitable only for the production of a large number of identical or similar structures or for very large structures which require a large number of identical spatial cells. An individual design is again possible only with high cost.
  • the building is designed on a computer and the data is then forwarded to a printer.
  • the printer is a fully automatic gantry robot that is larger than the building or part of the building to be constructed.
  • gantry robots can also Multi-axis or console robot or mobile robot can be used.
  • This has a print head and concrete feeds, via which the in-situ concrete is fed to the print head.
  • This printhead then pours the structure to be created or its walls in several layers on top of each other, each layer has a thickness between 1 and 10 cm.
  • the concrete used here is viscous enough to keep the stability until curing, or at least until hardening. In this way, the print head pours a wall in a plurality of layers arranged one above the other.
  • the problem is the creation of buildings by means of 3D printing process the reinforcement of the walls.
  • finished steel frameworks or similar reinforcing elements can be incorporated, but this can only take place when the wall is at least partially printed, since otherwise the reinforcing elements would disturb or prevent the movement of the printing head. If one waits, however, until the wall is completely printed, the lower layers of the concrete are already completely or largely cured, so that subsequently no reinforcing elements can be introduced more.
  • CN 106313272 A describes a 3 D printing process for the manufacture of concrete structures in which the concrete is reinforced with fibrous materials and where two printheads are used, one of which prints the concrete and the other steel elements.
  • the introduced steel elements each overlap two superimposed layers of concrete and connect them thus.
  • the disadvantage here is that only a selective connection of adjacent concrete layers is possible, but no large-area reinforcement, as in classical manufacturing method, e.g. with steel mats is possible.
  • Figure 1 A cross section through a partially created component according to the inventive method
  • Figure 2 an enlarged view of adjacent reinforcing elements with schematically shown power transmission.
  • a 3D printer e.g. in the form of a fully automatic gantry robot, which can print a wall or a full room cell or other vertical units of a building in successive layers.
  • a component is shown in the formation process, which consists of several superimposed printed layers of concrete, two middle layers are exemplified by the reference numerals 2 and 3 and wherein the topmost position is still in the formation process - ie during the printing process - is ,
  • each layer 2 or 3 of the curable material in this case concrete, is applied in a 3D printing method and in a second method step, a plurality of similar reinforcing elements 4 designed as elongate loops are introduced into the layers 2 and 3, respectively. Both process steps are cyclically repeated until the completion of the component 1.
  • Each reinforcing element 4 consists either of a rigid material, in particular metal, eg steel, and can be inserted into the uncured layers 2 or 3 of the curable material after they have been printed.
  • each reinforcing element 4 made of a flexible material, such as a tensile thread, eg made of Kevlar, and then inserted by means of a guide pin in the uncured layers 2 and 3 of the curable material.
  • Each reinforcing element 4 extends over at least two layers 2 and 3, respectively, and the reinforcing elements 4 are arranged in strands 5, each strand 5 extending through all the layers 2 and 3, etc.
  • Each strand 5 has in each layer 2 or 3 at least two reinforcing elements 4 formed as loops.
  • each formed as a loop reinforcing element 4 extends over two layers
  • the strand 5 is formed by the fact that the adjacent reinforcing element 4 on the immediately above two layers and turn the next reinforcing element 4 on the still further directly above two Stretches layers.
  • the strand 5 of loop-shaped reinforcing elements 4 thus has two adjacent reinforcing elements 4 in each layer 2 or 3.
  • the strands 5 of the reinforcing elements 4 can either extend perpendicular to the layers 2 and 3, as shown in Figure 3, or occupy an angle between 10 ° and 90 ° to this.
  • the exact arrangement of two reinforcing elements 4, which are part of a strand 5, shows the figure 2, wherein the situation is shown within a layer.
  • the lateral spacing of the mutually overlapping reinforcement elements 4 is to be kept low and should amount to a maximum of five times the largest lateral extent D of a reinforcing element 4, wherein the lateral extent D of Figure 2 is the width of the loop of the reinforcing element 4.
  • a smaller distance is preferred, so that a force flow, mediated by the concrete, is achieved within the position in the region of the illustrated five double arrows.
  • the inventive method can be carried out both with rigid reinforcing elements and with flexible reinforcing elements, which are then inserted by means of a guide pin in the layers 2 and 3 respectively.
  • the method is also suitable for other curing materials than concrete, in particular thixotropic materials.
  • the loops can be completely pressed into the two layers in order to join them together. In this case, the loop is not up out and the printhead can without applying the loop to collide the dahüber lying situation apply concrete.
  • a number of loop-shaped fasteners 4 can be pressed only in the last introduced layer, in which case it is necessary to work with a special printhead, which has a recess for the projecting out of the layer reinforcement elements 4, so he does not print them kinks or tears out.
  • the reinforcing elements may also consist of a material which is so elastic that they yield elastically when the printhead is moved over, and then spring back again into its starting position.
  • a suitable material for corresponding reinforcing elements is for example spring steel.
  • the inventive method and the thus created component have the advantage of a much more intimate connection of the reinforcing elements and a much firmer reinforcement, as by the strands 5 of individual reinforcing elements 4, a similar effect can be achieved as in classical concrete casting by using a steel mat.
  • the inventive formation of strands of individual reinforcing elements it is possible, even in 3D printing, where a continuous steel mat can not be used to achieve the same or similar strength values as in the use of continuous mild steel mats in concrete casting.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un élément structural (1) en matériau durcissable, selon lequel au moins une couche (2, 3) du matériau est imprimée par un procédé d'impression 3D au cours d'une première étape du procédé ; plusieurs éléments d'armature (4) de même type sont introduits dans la ou les couches (2, 3) au cours d'une deuxième étape, et les deux étapes du procédé sont répétées de manière cyclique jusqu'à ce que l'élément structural (1) soit achevé. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que, à l'exception des couches du haut et du bas, chaque élément d'armature (4) s'étend sur moins deux couches (2, 3), et les éléments d'armature (4) sont disposés en brins (5) qui s'étendent à travers toutes les couches (2, 3) et comprennent, dans chaque couche (2, 3), au moins deux éléments d'armature (4) qui se chevauchent, l'écart latéral entre ceux-ci correspondant au maximum au quintuple de la plus grande dimension latérale (D) d'un élément d'armature (4), et les éléments d'armature (4) sont réalisés sous la forme de boucles allongées. L'invention concerne également un élément structural correspondant.
PCT/EP2018/080714 2017-11-10 2018-11-09 Armature de corps en béton imprimés en 3d Ceased WO2019092162A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017126344.6A DE102017126344A1 (de) 2017-11-10 2017-11-10 Bewehrung von 3D-gedruckten Betonkörpern
DE102017126344.6 2017-11-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019092162A1 true WO2019092162A1 (fr) 2019-05-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/080714 Ceased WO2019092162A1 (fr) 2017-11-10 2018-11-09 Armature de corps en béton imprimés en 3d

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102017126344A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019092162A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020252532A1 (fr) * 2019-06-20 2020-12-24 Swinburne University Of Technology Buse d'imprimante, ensemble imprimante et procédé d'impression
WO2021175579A1 (fr) * 2020-03-04 2021-09-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Impression 3d de béton avec une structure de renforcement flexible
WO2021175581A1 (fr) * 2020-03-04 2021-09-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Impression 3d de béton à bon ancrage de câbles
JP2021194790A (ja) * 2020-06-10 2021-12-27 前田建設工業株式会社 積層型３ｄプリンターにおける積層方向の層間補強方法
DE102020120895A1 (de) 2020-08-07 2022-02-10 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Formkörper und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers
CN115929038A (zh) * 2022-10-11 2023-04-07 深圳大学 用于3d打印混凝土结构的原位连续配筋方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015197910A1 (fr) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-30 Fimatec Finnish Intelligent Module Apartments Oy Appareil et procédé permettant la construction d'un élément de construction ou d'un bâtiment
CN106313272A (zh) 2016-10-28 2017-01-11 同济大学 胶凝材料中增加基于配筋率的定向纤维的3d打印实施方法
US20170021527A1 (en) * 2015-07-22 2017-01-26 Caterpillar Inc. Structural 3D Printing Machine
US20170182712A1 (en) * 2015-12-28 2017-06-29 Southwest Research Institute Reinforcement System for Additive Manufacturing, Devices and Methods Using the Same

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007518586A (ja) * 2004-01-20 2007-07-12 ユニバーシティ オブ サウザーン カリフォルニア ロボットシステムを含む自動建設
DE102005062406A1 (de) * 2005-12-23 2007-06-28 Baufritz-Ag Konstruktionsverfahren

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015197910A1 (fr) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-30 Fimatec Finnish Intelligent Module Apartments Oy Appareil et procédé permettant la construction d'un élément de construction ou d'un bâtiment
US20170021527A1 (en) * 2015-07-22 2017-01-26 Caterpillar Inc. Structural 3D Printing Machine
US20170182712A1 (en) * 2015-12-28 2017-06-29 Southwest Research Institute Reinforcement System for Additive Manufacturing, Devices and Methods Using the Same
CN106313272A (zh) 2016-10-28 2017-01-11 同济大学 胶凝材料中增加基于配筋率的定向纤维的3d打印实施方法

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020252532A1 (fr) * 2019-06-20 2020-12-24 Swinburne University Of Technology Buse d'imprimante, ensemble imprimante et procédé d'impression
WO2021175579A1 (fr) * 2020-03-04 2021-09-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Impression 3d de béton avec une structure de renforcement flexible
WO2021175581A1 (fr) * 2020-03-04 2021-09-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Impression 3d de béton à bon ancrage de câbles
JP2021194790A (ja) * 2020-06-10 2021-12-27 前田建設工業株式会社 積層型３ｄプリンターにおける積層方向の層間補強方法
JP7558498B2 (ja) 2020-06-10 2024-10-01 前田建設工業株式会社 積層型３ｄプリンターにおける積層方向の層間補強方法
JP2024159999A (ja) * 2020-06-10 2024-11-08 前田建設工業株式会社 積層型３ｄプリンターにおける積層方向の層間補強方法
DE102020120895A1 (de) 2020-08-07 2022-02-10 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Formkörper und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formkörpers
CN115929038A (zh) * 2022-10-11 2023-04-07 深圳大学 用于3d打印混凝土结构的原位连续配筋方法
CN115929038B (zh) * 2022-10-11 2023-09-15 深圳大学 用于3d打印混凝土结构的原位连续配筋方法

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