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WO2019066687A1 - Système combiné de production d'eau dessalée - Google Patents

Système combiné de production d'eau dessalée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019066687A1
WO2019066687A1 PCT/SA2018/050025 SA2018050025W WO2019066687A1 WO 2019066687 A1 WO2019066687 A1 WO 2019066687A1 SA 2018050025 W SA2018050025 W SA 2018050025W WO 2019066687 A1 WO2019066687 A1 WO 2019066687A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pipeline
absorption chiller
heat
water
supplied
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SA2018/050025
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yousef AL YOUSEF
Fahad AL KASMOUL
Marcin Malicki
Filip HERMAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
New Energy Transfer Spolka Z Ograniczona
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST
Original Assignee
New Energy Transfer Spolka Z Ograniczona
King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by New Energy Transfer Spolka Z Ograniczona, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology KACST filed Critical New Energy Transfer Spolka Z Ograniczona
Publication of WO2019066687A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019066687A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D1/00Evaporating
    • B01D1/26Multiple-effect evaporating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D1/00Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011Heating features
    • B01D1/0058Use of waste energy from other processes or sources, e.g. combustion gas
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/16Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/008Originating from marine vessels, ships and boats, e.g. bilge water or ballast water
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

  • Subject of the invention is combined desalinated water production system CoDeCo (Combined Desalination and Cooling) .
  • CoDeCo Combined Desalination and Cooling
  • the invention relates to the field of solutions for water desalination .
  • Multi Effect Desalination are using directly externally produced heat for the supply of the first effect and condenser cooled by air or water to cool the last effect.
  • Cogeneration systems have a very wide application, mainly producing electricity and heat directly at the place of its use.
  • Combined energy production has a number of advantages over separated systems, guaranteeing at the same time a number of ecological advantages (primary energy saving and reduction of CO2 emissions by 33% for solutions based on hard coal and 66% for gas-based solutions) as well as economic ones.
  • the absorption chiller works on the basis of the absorption effect (absorption of the refrigerant in the entire volume) and the desorption (separation of the refrigerant from the solution) . Boiling of the refrigerant absorbs heat, providing a useful cooling effect.
  • the absorber and desorber system in absorption chiller is called a chemical compressor and corresponds to the functionality of an electrically powered compressor in conventional chillers.
  • Absorption chillers are very well-recognized technology. Yoon (Yoon J-I, Kwon O-K., Cycle analysis of air-cooled absorption chiller using a new working solution.
  • the absorption systems available on the market use depending on the required evaporation temperature of the refrigerant, a mixture of water / lithium bromide (H2O / LiBr) or ammonia / water (NH3 / H2O) .
  • a mixture of water / lithium bromide (H2O / LiBr) or ammonia / water (NH3 / H2O) a mixture of water / lithium bromide (H2O / LiBr) or ammonia / water (NH3 / H2O) .
  • the choice of a particular solution depends on the required evaporation temperature of the refrigerant and the available heat temperature. Wherever a refrigerant with a temperature of not less than 5°C is needed, an aqueous solution of lithium bromide is used. For a lower temperature range (down to -50°C) the ammonia / water solution is used.
  • the mentioned authors also analyzed the range of possible to use temperatures of the heating medium, enabling the effective operation of the absorption cycle, exceeding the possibilities of heat recovery from cogeneration systems, but which have an impact on their efficiency.
  • the efficiency of cold production is defined by COP - Coefficient of Performance - which is the ratio of a useful cooling effect to the useful energy supplying the device. The higher the COP value, the less useful energy is need to produce the same amount of cold.
  • Devices currently available on the market produce cooling capacity with COP 0.7 - 2.7 at the currently defined maximum at a level of 3. In order to ensure proper operation of the absorption system, the heat supplied - both in the form of heating and chilled water - must be discharged to the external cooling system.
  • Cooling towers or dry-coolers are operated in the solutions used, but in any case, the heat discharged is waste, the utilization of which involves energy costs (electricity in the case of dry-coolers) and environmental cost (evaporating water from towers in open circuit systems) .
  • the lack of heat dissipation leads to an immediate stop of the system, often connected with a failure.
  • the key cost factor is the water consumption of the cooling system - the lower the use of evaporated water, the more economically reasonable the system is.
  • MED multi-stage distillation systems - Multi Effect Desalination
  • the minimum temperature is at the level of 45°C, which is determined by the temperature of the water used to cool the condenser - the condensing element of vapor coming from the last effect of the MED system. Due to the limitations imposed by the wear of the installation, the temperature of the first effect is about 70°C. According to this principle, MED systems operate in the temperature range 70-45°C, which results in the final product (distillate) with a temperature of about 45°C. In the case of providing a lower cooling temperature of the last condenser effect, there is the possibility of extending or shifting the MED system operating range towards a lower condensing temperature. Raising the temperature of the first effect is not recommended due to the significant acceleration of material wear processes at temperatures higher than 70°C.
  • the heating circuit of the generator is separated from the MED circuit, all heat from the absorption chiller is fed to the MED and all of the cooling capacity from the absorption chiller is cooling the MED condenser.
  • GCC Patent no. 2017-32908 & GCC Patent no. 2016-31325 presents a solution in which the absorption chiller generator is supplied from an external boiler, the refrigerant evaporated in the generator during the condensation feeds directly the first MED effect and the absorber directly absorbs the distillate vapors produced in the last MED effect.
  • the absorption chiller is supplied from the combined system, all heat from the absorption chiller in the form of absorber and condenser cooling water using the diaphragm supplies the first MED effect and the cooling produced by the absorption chiller cools the MED system condenser in a diaphragm manner.
  • the solution presented by the authors is basically a small modification of the existing MEDAD system available on the market.
  • Application CN205653194 presents the use of an absorption device alternately fed with solar and geothermal heat.
  • the proposed solution prevents the use of low and medium parameter heat from the absorption chiller as it is in the invention proposed by us.
  • the solution according to the invention CN105923676 uses solar energy for desalination and cold production for air conditioning purposes.
  • the system is not a fully integrated desalination system in which the heat from the absorption chiller is fully utilized.
  • the invention described in CN105841395 describes a power production and desalination system based on the recovery of LNG gas expansion energy. It is not a system integrated with the combined system in the field of the desalination system but a system feeding various production systems (cooling, desalination, etc.) .
  • the application no WO2017066534 presents the use of a heat pump for heat recovery from the "gray water” installation and its use to supply the desalination system.
  • the invention according to the present application relates to a fully integrated system where the use of heat from the condenser and the absorber reduces the cooling water demand from the tower, allowing balancing of the combined electricity, cold and desalinated water production.
  • the aim of the present invention is to develop a combined system for desalinated water production enabling operation of a combined system without participation or with significant limitation of the external cooling system, i.e. cooling tower or dry-cooler, leading to significant (at least 50%) reduction of water evaporation from the cooling system.
  • the external cooling system i.e. cooling tower or dry-cooler
  • the essence of the invention is the combination of an absorption chiller fed from a combined system with the MED system, allowing its first effect to be supplied with heat necessary to be discharged from the absorption system and cooling the MED condenser with chilled water produced by the absorption chiller. This will be accomplished by supplying the absorption chiller with recovered heat that can be obtained from the combined system, supplying the first effect of the MED installation with heat from the absorption chiller cooling system and cooling the MED condenser with chilled water produced by the absorption chiller. This configuration of the system will enable maximum efficiency of the combined system due to full use of heat while significantly reducing the evaporation from the medium-parameter heat exhaust to atmosphere system (cooling tower system) .
  • the essence of the invention is a desalinated water production system comprising of a heat source, an absorption chiller, a block of effects for distillate producing MED characterized in that, the absorption chiller is supplied with heat recovered from the heat source via a heating medium pipeline connecting the absorption chiller to the cogeneration system.
  • the first distillate producing effect of the MED block is supplied with heat received from the absorption chiller's cooling system through the pipeline connecting the absorption chiller to the first distillate production effect.
  • the pipeline consists of a supply pipeline and a return pipeline.
  • the condenser of the last distillate production effect is cooled using the chilled water produced by the absorption chiller.
  • the chilled water is supplied by a cold water pipeline that connects the last effect of distillate production with an absorption chiller.
  • the pipeline consists of a supply pipeline and a return pipeline.
  • the brine is fed to the first distillate production effect through a pipeline, and concentrated brine is extracted from the last distillate production effect through a pipeline.
  • the desalinated water is derived from the last distillate production effect through the pipeline.
  • the heat source is a cogeneration system producing electricity and heat.
  • the heating medium supplying the absorption chiller is the flue gas from the heat source being the cogeneration system.
  • the heating medium supplying the absorption chiller is water or a mixture thereof circulating in a closed system between the absorption chiller and the cogeneration heat source, where the water or mixture thereof is supplied to the absorption chiller via a pipeline and extracted via a pipeline.
  • the heating medium feeding the absorption chiller is steam supplied from a heat source being a cogeneration system, to an absorption chiller via a pipeline and from an absorption chiller by means of a pipeline, the condensate collected is supplied to a heat source being a cogeneration system.
  • the system according to the invention comprises a cooling tower connected to the absorption chiller by means of a pipeline.
  • the system according to the invention comprises a heat exchanger which is connected with a pipeline to a pipeline connecting the absorption chiller to the MED system and via a brine pipeline to any effect or any distillate production effects. The brine is fed to the heat exchanger through the pipeline.
  • Heat recovered from a cogeneration system e.g. a cooling system for the engine body and exhaust gases as a whole, or part
  • a cogeneration system e.g. a cooling system for the engine body and exhaust gases as a whole, or part
  • the medium parameter heat produced by the absorption chiller is used to supply the first stage of the MED installation and to heat the brine to be desalinated, and the chilled water produced by the chiller is used to cool the condenser after the last MED stage.
  • the heat from the combined system in the form of hot water, steam or flue gas
  • Cold water from the absorption system can be used in whole or in part for cooling or air conditioning purposes.
  • Fig. 1 presenting a combined desalinated water production system.
  • the system according to the invention in a preferred embodiment, consists of a heat source 1 being a cogeneration system, based on a reciprocating piston engine fueled with natural gas connected to a generator.
  • the cogeneration system produces 417 kW of hot water at 90/80°C (supply and return) and 362 kW of electricity.
  • the mechanical energy produced by the engine is converted into electricity by means of a built- in generator.
  • the heat is recovered from the engine's cooling system and flue gas and transferred to water, which is a heating medium supplying the lithium bromide absorption chiller 2.
  • the heating medium - water - circulates in a closed circuit between the absorption chiller 2 and the heat source 1 being a cogeneration system.
  • the chiller 2 in the embodiment is a lithium bromide absorption chiller producing 300 kW of chilled water at a temperature of 6/ll°C (supply and return) .
  • Water is supplied to the absorption chiller 2 via pipeline 5a and received via pipeline 5b.
  • the heat of absorption and condensation at 32/39°C (supply and return) is collected via an open type cooling tower 4 with a capacity of 717 kW connected to the absorption chiller 2 by means of a pipeline 9 connecting to the pipeline 6.
  • Cooling Tower 4 during full load consumes 0.88 t/h of water and during the reduced due to the invention load 0,29 t/h.
  • the first distillate production effect 3a of the MED block 3 (operating in the 31.1°C-15°C temperature range) producing 95,67 t/d of desalinated water, which includes seven effects, is supplied with heat received from the cooling system of the absorption chiller 2 (water) via a pipeline 6 connecting the absorption chiller to the first distillate production effect 3a.
  • the pipeline 6 consists of a supply pipeline 6a and a return pipeline 6b.
  • the condenser of the last (seventh) distillate production effect 3n is cooled using the chilled water produced by the absorption chiller 2.
  • the chilled water is supplied by a cold water pipeline 7 connecting the last - seventh effect of distillate production 3n with an absorption chiller 2.
  • the pipeline 7 consists of a supply pipeline 7a and a return pipeline 7b.
  • the brine is fed to the first distillate production effect 3a via pipeline 11, and concentrated brine is derived from the last distillate production effect via the pipeline 12 and the desalinated water via the pipeline 14.
  • the system according to an embodiment of the invention produces 95.67 tons of desalinated water per day and allows reducing the evaporation of water from the cooling tower from 21.21 tons of water per day to 6.85 tons of water per day (reduction of evaporation by 67.7%), increasing the production of a useful distillate from 75.45 t/d to 88.81 t/d (increase in distillate production by 19.3%) .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Le système de production d'eau dessalée combiné est constitué d'une source de chaleur (1), d'un refroidisseur à absorption (2), d'un bloc d'effets de production de distillat (3), d'une tour de refroidissement (4), caractérisé par le fait que le refroidisseur à absorption (2) est alimenté en chaleur récupérée à partir de la source de chaleur (1) par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite de milieu de chauffage (5) reliant le refroidisseur à absorption (2) au système de cogénération (1); le premier effet de production de distillat (3a) du bloc d'MED (3) est alimenté en chaleur provenant du système de refroidissement du refroidisseur à absorption (2) par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite (6) reliant le refroidisseur à absorption (2) avec le premier effet de production de distillat (3a) où la conduite (6) est constitué par la conduite d'alimentation (6a) et la conduite de retour (6b); le condenseur du dernier effet de production de distillat (3n) est refroidi par l'eau refroidie produite par le refroidisseur à absorption (2), l'eau refroidie étant fournie par une conduite d'eau froide (7) reliant le dernier effet de production de distillat (3n) à un refroidisseur à absorption (2), la conduite (7) consiste en une conduite d'alimentation (7a) et une conduite de retour (7b); la saumure est amenée au premier effet de production de distillat (3a) à travers la conduite de saumure (11) et la saumure concentrée est extraite du dernier effet de production de distillat (3n) par l'intermédiaire de la conduite (12) et de l'eau dessalée par l'intermédiaire de la conduite (14).
PCT/SA2018/050025 2017-09-29 2018-09-26 Système combiné de production d'eau dessalée Ceased WO2019066687A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL423020A PL234746B1 (pl) 2017-09-29 2017-09-29 Sposób produkcji wody odsolonej
PLP.423020 2017-09-29

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Cited By (2)

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CN110332727A (zh) * 2019-06-27 2019-10-15 山东大学 一种工业余热驱动的吸附式净水制冷系统及其应用
JP2021503844A (ja) * 2017-11-17 2021-02-12 チャイナ アカデミー オブ テレコミュニケーションズ テクノロジー 部分帯域幅非アクティブタイマーの処理方法、装置、端末およびデバイス

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