WO2019065691A1 - 土壌の固結防止剤 - Google Patents
土壌の固結防止剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019065691A1 WO2019065691A1 PCT/JP2018/035591 JP2018035591W WO2019065691A1 WO 2019065691 A1 WO2019065691 A1 WO 2019065691A1 JP 2018035591 W JP2018035591 W JP 2018035591W WO 2019065691 A1 WO2019065691 A1 WO 2019065691A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/30—Anti-agglomerating additives; Anti-solidifying additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
- C09K17/48—Organic compounds mixed with inorganic active ingredients, e.g. polymerisation catalysts
- C09K17/50—Organic compounds mixed with inorganic active ingredients, e.g. polymerisation catalysts the organic compound being of natural origin, e.g. cellulose derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a soil anti-caking agent containing lignin as an active ingredient.
- Lignin is a complex natural polymer of a three-dimensional network consisting of phenylpropane units.
- lignin is known as the most abundant natural aromatic polymer and is noted as a renewable resource because it is contained in plants at about 20 to 30%.
- lignosulphonic acid is also known to be obtained in large amounts from the waste liquid of pulp production. Lignosulfonic acid is being considered for use in various applications, and Non-Patent Document 1 is expected to be used as a soil conditioner.
- Soil conditioner is a material that is applied to the soil and changes the physical properties of the soil to make it useful for agricultural production, and the soil swells and softens, improves water retention, improves fertility, improves water permeability, and aggregates. Has an effect of promoting grain formation and the like.
- peat, bark compost, humic acid material, charcoal, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, vermiculite, perlite, bentonite, VA mycorrhizal fungus material, polyethyleneimine material, polyvinyl alcohol material, etc. are used as soil conditioners. It is done.
- lignosulfonic acid Since lignosulfonic acid has a sulfone group which is a hydrophilic group, when it is used as a soil conditioner, it has the effect of forming aggregates due to its high molecular weight while being bound to the soil, and the organic component is The soil improvement effect is shown for a soil having a low aggregate performance (Non-patent Document 1). On the other hand, there has been no report that lignosulfonic acid has an anti-caking effect on soil, such as clayey soil, in which the soil consolidates to inhibit the growth of plant roots.
- a soil anti-caking agent comprising lignin as an active ingredient.
- the present invention has the following configurations (1) to (5).
- a soil anti-caking agent comprising, as active ingredients, lignin and diatomaceous earth having a molecular weight peak at a wavelength of 254 nm in the range of a molecular weight of 10,000 to 40,000 in GPC molecular weight analysis using a UV detector.
- the soil anti-caking agent according to (1) or (2), wherein the lignin: diatomaceous earth 1: 1 to 3 as a dry weight ratio.
- the soil anti-caking agent of the present invention has the effect of improving the consolidation of the soil and improving the poor growth of plants.
- GPC molecular weight analysis using UV detector when containing lignin used in the present invention Example of GPC molecular weight analysis using UV detector when containing lignosulfonic acid Specific example of GPC molecular weight analysis in the case of including liquid obtained by solid-liquid separation of bagasse alkaline hot water extract by filter press
- Lignin is a high molecular weight phenolic compound of plant origin. Since lignin has a complex and diverse structure, its detailed structure has not been clarified. In addition, although the molecular weight differs depending on the type of biomass, extraction method and analysis method, the general number average molecular weight reported is 2,400 to 9,700 (Biofuels Bioproducts & Bio refining, Volume 8, Issue 6, 836- 856 (2014)).
- the soil anti-caking agent of the present invention contains lignin having a molecular weight peak in the range of 10,000 to 40,000 as an active ingredient in GPC molecular weight analysis at a wavelength of 254 nm.
- the lignin may have a plurality of molecular weight peaks as long as it is within the molecular weight range, and may have a molecular weight peak outside this molecular weight range, but in that case, the highest of the molecular weight peaks
- the peak having a peak is preferably in the range of molecular weight 10,000 to 40,000.
- a specific example of GPC molecular weight analysis using a UV detector of lignin used in the present invention is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows a specific example of GPC molecular weight analysis using a UV detector in the case of containing lignosulfonic acid which is a general industrial lignin.
- Lignosulphonic acid which is a general industrial lignin, is a substance that is produced from lignin in wood as a by-product in the pulp manufacturing process by the sulfite method and is contained in large amounts in waste liquid black liquor. It is 15-5.
- a sulfone group is introduced into lignin to produce lignosulfonic acid. From FIG.
- lignosulfonic acid has a maximum molecular weight peak at a wavelength of 254 nm located at a value higher than 40,000, and lignin used in the present invention has a molecular weight higher than general lignosulfonic acid. There is a small feature.
- Lignin tends to be more hydrophobic as molecular weight is larger. Lignins having high hydrophobicity have the effect of forming aggregates in the soil because they have a strong ability to solidify with each other, but they do not have an effective improvement effect on caking soils that have a high proportion of clay. Since lignin used in the present invention has a molecular weight peak in the molecular weight range of 10,000 to 40,000, it has the effect of being dispersed in the soil and preventing adhesion between soil particles at the time of soil mixing when mixed with the soil It is guessed. By preventing adhesion between soil particles, consolidation of the soil is prevented, and by enhancing the aeration and permeability of the roots of plants, it has the effect of recovering the growth of roots and improving the growth of plants.
- the preferred molecular weight range of the molecular weight peak of lignin used in the present invention is 10,200 to 37,000, and more preferably 11,000 to 35,000.
- the molecular weight of lignin can also be determined by the number average molecular weight.
- the preferred average molecular weight of lignin used in the present invention is preferably 4,000 to 40,000, more preferably 8,000 to 20,000, as the number average molecular weight in GPC molecular weight analysis using a UV detector.
- GPC molecular weight analysis is an abbreviation of Gel Permeation chromatography (gel permeation chromatography), and compounds in a measurement sample can be separated according to molecular size. The molecular weight can also be calculated by detecting the relative amount of the separated polymer with a detector. In GPC molecular weight analysis, the relationship between the elution time and the molecular weight is determined in advance using a standard polymer, and the molecular weight of the measurement sample is converted based on this.
- the molecular weight of lignin used in the present invention is a value measured using polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide as standard polymers.
- a number average molecular weight is computed by the following formula (1) from the value of the measured molecular weight. Mn in Formula (1) shows a number average molecular weight, M shows a molecular weight, N shows the number of polymers, C shows a sample concentration.
- the detector for GPC analysis utilizes a detector capable of detecting 250 to 300 nm, which is the absorption wavelength region of lignin.
- a wavelength used for GPC analysis if it is the range which has absorption of an aromatic compound, it is measurable, although there are 254 nm, 280 nm, 300 nm etc. as a typical wavelength, in the present invention, the value analyzed at 254 nm is used There is.
- a detector for GPC analysis a value detected by a multi-wavelength ultraviolet-visible absorption detector (SPD-M20A) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation is used.
- SPD-M20A multi-wavelength ultraviolet-visible absorption detector
- the column used for GPC molecular weight analysis is not particularly limited, but the molecular weight of the present invention is a value measured using TSKgel GMPWXL and G2500PWXL.
- the lignin used in the present invention preferably does not contain a sulfone group.
- a sulfone group When a sulfone group is included, sulfur molecules may be oversupplied to the soil, which may inhibit plant growth. Moreover, it is because the sulfur molecule in a sulfone group tends to be a cause of offensive odor.
- the plant used as the raw material of lignin used in the present invention is preferably a gramineous plant, more preferably rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse which is squeezed from sugarcane, sugarcane tip or sugarcane leaf, most preferably bagasse It is.
- a method for extracting lignin used in the present invention from the above-mentioned plants there are methods such as extraction with an organic solvent (ethanol, ethyl acetate, etc.), acid extraction, alkali extraction and the like, preferably alkali extraction method.
- an organic solvent ethanol, ethyl acetate, etc.
- acid extraction ethyl acetate, etc.
- alkali extraction e.g., alkali extraction, etc.
- alkaline hot water extraction is preferred.
- the alkali compound used in the alkali extraction method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonia and the like, preferably sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and more preferably Is sodium hydroxide.
- the conditions of the alkaline hot water extraction method are preferably pH 10 or more and 13.5 or less, temperature 80 ° C. or more and 120 ° C. or less for 0.5 hours or more, more preferably pH 10.5 or more 13.0 or less, temperature 90 ° C. or more and 120 ° C.
- the reaction is preferably carried out for one hour or more.
- the upper limit of the alkali concentration is not particularly limited as long as lignin used in the present invention can be obtained, but when the alkali concentration is too high relative to biomass, lignin lowers in molecular weight, so as an anti-caking agent for soil of the present invention
- sodium hydroxide for example, 180 g per 1 kg dry weight of bagasse may cause problems such as the fact that an effective component can not be obtained and the amount of remaining salt becomes large and it takes time to separate salt and lignin. It is preferable to process below.
- the alkaline hot water extraction method for example, by reacting a solution having a concentration of 50 g / L (dry weight) of bagasse with a 0.45 wt / wt sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for 2 hours at 90 ° C.
- the lignin used in the present invention can be extracted.
- the dry weight is the weight after drying the biomass at 105 ° C. until the weight becomes constant.
- the lignin used in the present invention can be recovered on the solid side by extracting it from a plant by an alkaline hot water extraction method or the like, neutralizing it to pH 5 or less and performing solid-liquid separation.
- the polymer lignin insolubilized under the condition of pH 5 can be redissolved in water by setting the pH to be more alkaline than pH 5, for example, 10 or more.
- lignin used in the present invention is used in the state of solid content.
- the diatomaceous earth used in the present invention is a deposit composed of fossil shells of diatoms which is a kind of algae.
- the shells of diatoms are composed of silicon dioxide, and diatomaceous earth also has silicon dioxide as a main component.
- diatomaceous earth calcined diatomaceous earth is preferable.
- silicate clay is also called soft silica, and montmorillonite (chemical formula (Na, Ca) 0.33 (Al, Mg) 2 Si 4 O 10 (OH) It has a silicate mineral of 2 ⁇ nH 2 O) as a main component and is a substance different from diatomaceous earth used in the present invention.
- the anti-caking agent of the soil of the present invention is less effective in preventing the caking of the soil if the amount of the anti-caking agent mixed in the soil is small, and if it is too large, the ability of the soil to have inherent fertility and retained microorganisms to plants The overall environmental balance such as effects is broken, and the improvement of plant growth ability is relatively weak.
- the mixing ratio of lignin to soil used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effect of preventing soil caking appears, but it is preferable to mix 2 to 20 parts by weight as dry weight of lignin to 100 parts by weight of soil. It is more preferable to mix up to 10 parts by weight.
- the lignin used in the present invention can be preferably used in a dry state or in a water-containing state as long as it is in a solid state. In addition, in order to prevent clumping of the soil of the cultivated land, it is preferable to mix 8 to 80 tons of lignin by dry weight per 10 a cultivated land.
- the mixing ratio of diatomaceous earth to soil is not particularly limited as long as the consolidation prevention effect of the soil appears, but it is preferable to mix 3 to 20 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth to 100 parts by weight of soil, and to mix 5 to 20 parts by weight Is more preferred.
- the preferred ratio of lignin and diatomaceous earth used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the anti-caking effect of soil appears, but the weight ratio of diatomaceous earth to lignin weight ratio 1 as dry weight It is preferable to mix them in a ratio of 1 to 3.
- the mixing ratio of the anti-caking agent of the present invention to the soil is not particularly limited as long as the anti-caking effect of the soil appears, but the dry weight of the total of lignin and diatomaceous earth used in the present invention with respect to 100 parts by weight of soil It is preferable to mix 25 parts by weight. In addition, in order to prevent the caking of the soil of the cultivated land, it is preferable to mix and mix 20 to 92 tons of the anti-caking agent of the present invention per 10 a of the cultivated land.
- the dry weight of lignin, diatomaceous earth and soil used in the present invention is calculated as the weight after drying the object at 105 ° C. until the weight becomes constant, as in the above-mentioned method of calculating the dry weight of biomass. Do.
- the dry weight ratio of soil is calculated, it is calculated as the weight of cultivated soil 30 cm from the ground surface.
- it calculates as the weight of the soil in a planter.
- the anti-caking agent of the soil of the present invention may contain an anti-caking agent of another soil in addition to lignin and diatomaceous earth used in the present invention, and the caking prevention effect of the soil can be obtained by combined use with other soil conditioners. It can also be improved.
- Other soil improvers include peat, bark compost, humic acid material, charcoal, zeolite, vermiculite, perlite, bentonite, VA mycorrhizal material, polyethyleneimine material, polyvinyl alcohol material and the like.
- the mixing ratio of the anti-caking agent of the present invention to the other soil conditioners is not particularly limited as long as the effect appears, but other soil improvement to the anti-caking agent 1 of the present invention as dry weight
- the agents are mixed in a proportion of 1 to 3 by dry weight.
- the method of mixing the soil anti-caking agent with the soil may be either mixing by an agricultural machine or manual mixing, as long as uniform mixing can be performed to such an extent that suppression of caking of the soil can be observed.
- the lignin and diatomaceous earth used in the present invention may be mixed in advance and then mixed with the soil, or may be mixed separately.
- the anti-caking agent of each soil may be separately mixed with the soil, or caking prevention
- the agent may be premixed and then mixed with the soil. When mixing separately, the order of mixing does not matter.
- Soils that can prevent clumping of soil are soils that are hard to clump and clump, so that soil can not physically extend the roots, and due to clumping, air does not enter deep into the soil and oxygen becomes insufficient
- soil specifically, soil having a clay content of 20% by weight or more in the particle size composition of the soil.
- soils having a viscosity of 20 to 40% by weight can be mentioned as soils in which the anti-caking effect of the soil of the present invention can be expected.
- the soil contains sand and silt in addition to viscosity.
- clay is a generic name of detritus having a particle size of 2 ⁇ m or less
- sand is a detritus having a particle size of 2 to 0.02 mm
- silt is a particle size of 0.02 to 0.002 mm It is a generic term for the crush of
- the rooting of the plant is improved by preventing the caking on the soil in which the root elongation is inhibited by caking of the soil.
- the plant freshness improvement by increasing the above-ground fresh weight or below-ground dry weight of the plant as compared to the case where it is not used It can be evaluated.
- both the above-ground part fresh weight and the below-ground dry weight are increased.
- the above-ground part refers to a plant part appearing on the ground.
- the underground part refers to a plant part existing underground, and the above-ground part and the underground part are divided at the ground surface.
- fresh weight is the weight of the plant itself including the moisture in the plant body at the time of harvest.
- Plants which can be expected to improve growth by using the soil anti-caking agent of the present invention are not particularly limited, but plants of gramineaceous plants, root vegetables, and Seriaceae are preferable.
- a gramineous plant rice, wheat, barley, corn, sugar cane, sorghum and eranthus are preferable, and sugar cane is more preferable.
- Root vegetables are potato, radish, burdock, carrot, turnip, and more preferably potato or radish.
- As the potato, potato, sweet potato and tapioca are preferable, and more preferably tapioca.
- As radish, radish is preferable.
- a plant of the seriaceae family preferably, a cicada, celery, honeybee, carrot, coriander, seri and parsley are preferable, and coriander is more preferable.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 10 and Examples 1 to 5 were simultaneously tested 5 times under each condition.
- Each value of Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 is an average value of 5 tests.
- Comparative Example 2 Sugar cane pot test (Lignosulfonic acid) Lignosulfonic acid (Nanilex HW manufactured by Nippon Paper Chemicals Co., Ltd., neutralized to pH 7 with 10 N sodium hydroxide. The sulfur content analyzed in Reference Example 4 was 2.8%) as an anti-caking agent for soil.
- the red soil of Comparative Example 1 (derived from Kanto loam layer, containing 25% of clay): 10 parts by weight with 100 parts by weight of soil mixed with 8: 2 river sand, Comparative Example 1 and It was the same. Table 1 shows the results of measurement of fresh weight above ground and dry weight below ground after 80 days.
- Comparative Example 3 Sugar cane pot test (calcined diatomaceous earth)
- the red soil of Comparative Example 1 (derived from the Kanto Loam layer, containing 25% clay): 10 parts by weight of soil mixed with 8: 2 of river sand in a weight ratio of 8: 2 as calcined diatomaceous earth as an anti-caking agent of soil
- Comparative Example 1 shows the results of measurement of fresh weight above ground and dry weight below ground after 80 days.
- the liquid containing lignin used in the present invention was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a filter press (YTO type manufactured by Shibata Machinery Co., Ltd.) to recover lignin solids used in the present invention.
- the recovered lignin was dried at 40 ° C. to a moisture content of 20% by weight.
- Lignin used in the present invention is mixed with 10 parts by weight (8 parts by weight as dry weight) with respect to 100 parts by weight of soil mixed with 8: 2 of red soil: river sand at 8: 2 as an anti-caking agent of soil Except that, it was the same as Comparative Example 1.
- Table 1 shows the results of measurement of fresh weight above ground and dry weight below ground after 80 days.
- the lignin solid content used in the present invention was dissolved in a solution of pH 12 or more with NaOH, and the molecular weight distribution was measured under the conditions of Reference Example 1. As shown in FIG. It had a number average molecular weight of 13,800. Further, when analyzed under the conditions of Reference Example 4, no sulfur content could be detected.
- Comparative Example 5 Lignin having a molecular weight peak at a wavelength of 254 nm smaller than 10,000 in GPC molecular weight analysis.
- a liquid fraction obtained by solid-liquid separation of the bagasse alkaline hot water extract prepared in Comparative Example 4 with a filter press is used as a reference example.
- GPC molecular weight analysis under the conditions of 1 showed a peak at a molecular weight of 7,000 and a number average molecular weight of 4,000, as shown in FIG.
- lignin having a peak at a value smaller than 10,000 molecular weight is liquid at the pH of the area where plants grow and can not be used as an anti-caking agent for soil.
- Example 1 Sugar cane pot test (combination of lignin used in the present invention and calcined diatomaceous earth) Calcined diatomaceous earth was mixed at a ratio of 2 by dry weight ratio to lignin 1 used in the present invention prepared in Comparative Example 4 to prepare an anti-caking agent of soil in which lignin used in the present invention and calcined diatomaceous earth were mixed ( Moisture content 10%).
- Comparative Example 1 10 parts by weight of the anti-caking agent of the mixed soil is mixed with 100 parts by weight of the red soil: river sand of Comparative Example 1 at a weight ratio of 8: 2 (when the weight ratio is converted to dry weight, 100 parts by weight) Comparative Example 1 was the same as Comparative Example 1 except that 3 parts by weight of lignin used in the present invention and 6 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth were used per part. Table 1 shows the results of measurement of fresh weight above ground and dry weight below ground after 80 days.
- lignin used in the present invention has a molecular weight peak at a wavelength of 254 nm in the range of a molecular weight of 10,000 to 40,000 in GPC molecular weight analysis using a UV detector, and the lignin and diatomaceous earth in the soil It is thought that the soil consolidation was prevented by mixing with soil as an anti-caking agent, and the growth of the sugar cane above-ground part was improved by improving the root growth.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 almost no increase was observed in either the fresh weight above the ground or the dry weight below the ground as compared with Comparative Example 1. Therefore, the lignosulfonic acid having a molecular weight peak higher than 40,000 could hardly confirm the anti-caking effect of the soil.
- Comparative Example 3 using diatomaceous earth as Comparative anti-caking agent and Comparative example 4 using lignin used in the present invention both fresh weight above the ground and dry weight below the ground increase compared to Comparative Example 1. Although the result was obtained, its effect was lower than that of Example 1. From these results, when lignin and diatomaceous earth used in the present invention are used as an anti-caking agent for soil, the effect of increasing the fresh weight above ground and dry weight below ground is higher than when each is used alone. I understood it.
- Comparative Example 6 Coriander pot test (without addition of anti-caking agent of soil) The same operation as in Comparative Example 1 was performed except that coriander seedlings were used instead of sugar cane seedlings in Comparative Example 1. The results of measuring the fresh weight of the above-ground part after 80 days are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 7 Coriander Pot Test (Lignosulfonic Acid) The same operation as in Comparative Example 2 was performed except that coriander seedlings were used instead of sugar cane seedlings in Comparative Example 2. The results of measuring the fresh weight on the ground after 80 days are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 8 Coriander Pot Test (Calcinated Diatomaceous Earth) The same operation as in Comparative Example 3 was performed except that coriander seedlings were used instead of sugar cane seedlings in Comparative Example 3. The results of measuring the fresh weight on the ground after 80 days are shown in Table 2.
- Example 9 Coriander pot test (lignin used in the present invention) The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that coriander seedlings were used instead of sugar cane seedlings in Comparative Example 4. The results of measuring the fresh weight on the ground after 80 days are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 coriander pot test (combination of lignin used in the present invention and calcined diatomaceous earth) The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that coriander seedlings were used instead of sugar cane seedlings in Example 1. The results of measuring the fresh weight on the ground after 80 days are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 the fresh weight of the above-ground part was increased in Example 2 in which lignin and diatomaceous earth used in the present invention were used as an anti-caking agent for soil relative to coriander as compared with Comparative Examples 6-9.
- Comparative Examples 7 and 8 almost no increase in fresh weight in the above-ground part was confirmed as compared with Comparative Example 5.
- Example 3 Radish pot test (combination of lignin used in the present invention and calcined diatomaceous earth) Calcined diatomaceous earth was mixed at a ratio of 1 by dry weight ratio to lignin 1 used in the present invention prepared in Comparative Example 4 to prepare an anti-caking agent of soil in which lignin used in the present invention and calcined diatomaceous earth were mixed ( Moisture content 10%).
- Comparative Example 10 10 parts by weight of the anti-caking agent of the mixed soil is mixed with 100 parts by weight of the red soil: river sand of Comparative Example 1 at a weight ratio of 8: 2 (when the weight ratio is converted to dry weight, 100 parts by weight) Comparative Example 10 was the same as Comparative Example 10 except that 4.5 parts by weight of lignin used in the present invention and 4.5 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth were used per part. Table 3 shows the results of measuring the fresh weight of the above-ground part 16 days after sowing.
- Example 4 Radish pot test (combination of lignin used in the present invention and calcined diatomaceous earth) Calcined diatomaceous earth was mixed at a ratio of 2 by dry weight ratio to lignin 1 used in the present invention prepared in Comparative Example 4 to prepare an anti-caking agent of soil in which lignin used in the present invention and calcined diatomaceous earth were mixed ( Moisture content 10%).
- Comparative Example 10 10 parts by weight of the anti-caking agent of the mixed soil is mixed with 100 parts by weight of the red soil: river sand of Comparative Example 1 at a weight ratio of 8: 2 (when the weight ratio is converted to dry weight, 100 parts by weight) Comparative Example 10 was the same as Comparative Example 10 except that 3 parts by weight of lignin used in the present invention and 6 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth were used per part. Table 3 shows the results of measuring the fresh weight of the above-ground part 16 days after sowing.
- Example 5 Radish pot test (combination of lignin used in the present invention and calcined diatomaceous earth) Calcined diatomaceous earth was mixed at a ratio of 2 by dry weight ratio to lignin 1 used in the present invention prepared in Comparative Example 4 to prepare an anti-caking agent of soil in which lignin used in the present invention and calcined diatomaceous earth were mixed ( Moisture content 10%).
- Comparative Example 10 10 parts by weight of the anti-caking agent of the mixed soil is mixed with 100 parts by weight of the red soil: river sand of Comparative Example 1 at a weight ratio of 8: 2 (when the weight ratio is converted to dry weight, 100 parts by weight) Comparative Example 10 was the same as Comparative Example 10 except that 2.25 parts by weight of lignin used in the present invention and 6.75 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth were used per part. Table 3 shows the results of measuring the fresh weight of the above-ground part 16 days after sowing.
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Abstract
Description
(1)UV検出器を用いたGPC分子量分析において、波長254nmにおける分子量ピークを、分子量10,000~40,000の範囲に有するリグニンおよび珪藻土を有効成分とする、土壌の固結防止剤。
(2)前記リグニンがバガスのアルカリ抽出物である、(1)に記載の土壌の固結防止剤。
(3)乾燥重量比として、前記リグニン:前記珪藻土=1:1~3である、(1)または(2)に記載の土壌の固結防止剤。
(4)(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の土壌の固結防止剤を用いて、土壌の固結を防止する方法。
(5)(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の土壌の固結防止剤を用いた、植物の成長改善方法。
GPC分子量分析は以下の条件で実施した。
検出器:多波長紫外-可視吸収検出器 UV(島津製作所製SPD-M20A、波長254nm)
カラム:TSKgelGMPWXL、G2500PWXL直列に各1本(φ7.8mm×30cm、東ソー)
溶媒:アンモニア緩衝液(pH11)/メタノール(1/1=v/v)
流速:0.7mL/min
カラム温度:23℃
注入量:0.2mL
標準試料:東ソー製、Polymer Laboratories製単分散ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリエチレングリコール
数平均分子量は、式(1)により算出した。
地際で植物体を切断し、地上部を収穫し、重量を測定した。
地際で植物体を切断し、ポットに残った地下部と土からなるべく根が切断されないように流水中で土を除去し、105℃で乾燥後に乾燥重量を測定した。
リグニン中に含まれるスルホン基を測定するために、以下の方法で硫黄分析を行った。試料を秤量し、以下記載の装置、条件で分析装置の燃焼管内で燃焼させ、発生したガスを溶液に吸収後、吸収液の一部をイオンクロマトグラフィーにより分析した(繰り返し2回)。
システム:AQF-100、GA-100(三菱化学製)
電気炉温度:Inlet1000℃ Outlet1100℃
ガス:Air/O2 200mL/min.
O2 400mL/min.
吸収液:H2O2 0.1%、内標Br 2μg/mL
吸収液量:10mL
<イオンクロマトグラフィー・アニオン分析条件>
システム:ICS1500(DIONEX製)
移動相:2.7mmol/L Na2CO3 / 0.3mmol/L NaHCO3
流速:1.50mL/min.
検出器:電気伝導度検出器
注入量:100μL。
6号ポットに赤土(関東ローム層由来であり、粘土を25重量%含む):川砂を重量比8:2で混合したものを1kg入れ、さとうきび苗(沖縄産 茎高さ7~8cm)を定植した。元肥として化成肥料(窒素-リン-カリウム=8-8-8)を窒素で5kg/10a施肥し、1カ月後に追肥として更に2kg10a施肥した。表層の土が乾いたら適宜ポットのそこから水が出るまで灌水した。80日後に地上部新鮮重量、地下部乾燥重量を測定した結果を表1に示す。
リグノスルホン酸(日本製紙ケミカル社製 バニレックスHWを10N水酸化ナトリウムでpH7に中和したもの。参考例4で分析した硫黄含量は2.8%であった)を土壌の固結防止剤として、比較例1の赤土(関東ローム層由来であり、粘土を25%含む):川砂を重量比8:2で混合した土100重量部に対して10重量部混合させること以外は、比較例1と同様とした。80日後に地上部新鮮重量、地下部乾燥重量を測定した結果を表1に示す。
焼成珪藻土を土壌の固結防止剤として、比較例1の赤土(関東ローム層由来であり、粘土を25%含む):川砂を重量比8:2で混合した土100重量部に対して10重量部で混合させること以外は、比較例1と同様とした。80日後に地上部新鮮重量、地下部乾燥重量を測定した結果を表1に示す。
バガス1kg(台糖農産株式会社より購入、ベトナム製)を0.45重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に乾燥重量で5重量%添加・混合し、90℃、2時間反応させ、リグニンをアルカリ熱水液に抽出した。アルカリ熱水液を、6N塩酸を用いてpHを5に調整し、本発明で用いるリグニンを沈殿物として発生させた。本発明で用いるリグニンを含む液を、フィルタープレス(薮田機械社製YTO型)を用いて固液分離を行い、本発明で用いるリグニン固形分を回収した。回収したリグニンを40℃で乾燥させ、含水率を重量比20%とした。本発明で用いるリグニンを土壌の固結防止剤として、比較例1の赤土:川砂を8:2で混合した土100重量部に対して、10重量部(乾燥重量として8重量部)で混合させること以外は、比較例1と同様とした。80日後に地上部新鮮重量、地下部乾燥重量を測定した結果を表1に示す。
比較例4で作製したバガスアルカリ熱水抽出物をフィルタープレスで固液分離した液体分画を参考例1の条件でGPC分子量分析したところ、図3に示すように、分子量7,000にピークを有し、数平均分子量は4,000であった。このように分子量10,000より小さい値にピークを有するリグニンは、植物が生育する領域のpHでは液体になっており、土壌の固結防止剤として使用することができないと判断した。
比較例4で作製した本発明で用いるリグニン1に対し、焼成珪藻土を乾燥重量比で2の割合で混合し、本発明で用いるリグニンと焼成珪藻土が混合した土壌の固結防止剤を作製した(含水率10%)。混合した土壌の固結防止剤を、比較例1の赤土:川砂を重量比8:2で混合した土100重量部に対して、10重量部混合(乾燥重量で重量比を換算すると土100重量部に対して本発明で用いるリグニンが3重量部、珪藻土6重量部)させること以外は比較例1と同様とした。80日後に地上部新鮮重量、地下部乾燥重量を測定した結果を表1に示す。
比較例1でさとうきび苗の代わりにコリアンダー苗を用いること以外は比較例1と同様の操作を行った。80日後に地上部新鮮重量を測定した結果を表2に示す。
比較例2でさとうきび苗の代わりにコリアンダー苗を用いること以外は比較例2と同様の操作を行った。80日後の地上部新鮮重量を測定した結果を表2に示す。
比較例3でさとうきび苗の代わりにコリアンダー苗を用いること以外は比較例3と同様の操作を行った。80日後の地上部新鮮重量を測定した結果を表2に示す。
比較例4でさとうきび苗の代わりにコリアンダー苗を用いること以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行った。80日後の地上部新鮮重量を測定した結果を表2に示す。
実施例1でさとうきび苗の代わりにコリアンダー苗を用いること以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行った。80日後の地上部新鮮重量を測定した結果を表2に示す。
6号ポットに赤土(関東ローム層由来であり、粘土を25重量%含む):川砂を重量比8:2で混合したものを1kg入れ、ハツカダイコン(サカタのタネ スピーディーベジタブル)の種を播種し、発芽後、間引きにより1ポットあたり3株とした。元肥として化成肥料(窒素-リン-カリウム=8-8-8)を窒素で5kg/10a施肥した。表層の土が乾いたら適宜ポットの底から水が出るまで灌水した。播種から16日後の地上部新鮮重量を測定した結果を表3に示す。
比較例4で作製した本発明で用いるリグニン1に対し、焼成珪藻土を乾燥重量比で1の割合で混合し、本発明で用いるリグニンと焼成珪藻土が混合した土壌の固結防止剤を作製した(含水率10%)。混合した土壌の固結防止剤を、比較例1の赤土:川砂を重量比8:2で混合した土100重量部に対して、10重量部混合(乾燥重量で重量比を換算すると土100重量部に対して本発明で用いるリグニンが4.5重量部、珪藻土4.5重量部)させること以外は比較例10と同様とした。播種から16日後の地上部新鮮重量を測定した結果を表3に示す。
比較例4で作製した本発明で用いるリグニン1に対し、焼成珪藻土を乾燥重量比で2の割合で混合し、本発明で用いるリグニンと焼成珪藻土が混合した土壌の固結防止剤を作製した(含水率10%)。混合した土壌の固結防止剤を、比較例1の赤土:川砂を重量比8:2で混合した土100重量部に対して、10重量部混合(乾燥重量で重量比を換算すると土100重量部に対して本発明で用いるリグニンが3重量部、珪藻土6重量部)させること以外は比較例10と同様とした。播種から16日後の地上部新鮮重量を測定した結果を表3に示す。
比較例4で作製した本発明で用いるリグニン1に対し、焼成珪藻土を乾燥重量比で2の割合で混合し、本発明で用いるリグニンと焼成珪藻土が混合した土壌の固結防止剤を作製した(含水率10%)。混合した土壌の固結防止剤を、比較例1の赤土:川砂を重量比8:2で混合した土100重量部に対して、10重量部混合(乾燥重量で重量比を換算すると土100重量部に対して本発明で用いるリグニンが2.25重量部、珪藻土6.75重量部)させること以外は比較例10と同様とした。播種から16日後の地上部新鮮重量を測定した結果を表3に示す。
Claims (5)
- UV検出器を用いたGPC分子量分析において、波長254nmにおける分子量ピークを、分子量10,000~40,000の範囲に有するリグニンおよび珪藻土を有効成分とする、土壌の固結防止剤。
- 前記リグニンがバガスのアルカリ抽出物である、請求項1に記載の土壌の固結防止剤。
- 乾燥重量比として前記リグニン:前記珪藻土=1:1~3である、請求項1または2に記載の土壌の固結防止剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の土壌の固結防止剤を用いて、土壌の固結を防止する方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の土壌の固結防止剤を用いた、植物の成長改善方法。
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| US16/648,747 US11091698B2 (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2018-09-25 | Anti-caking agent for soil |
| JP2018555300A JP6965893B2 (ja) | 2017-09-27 | 2018-09-26 | 土壌の固結防止剤 |
| CN201880060439.XA CN111094511A (zh) | 2017-09-27 | 2018-09-26 | 土壤的防结块剂 |
| CN202411398950.4A CN119286531A (zh) | 2017-09-27 | 2018-09-26 | 土壤的防结块剂 |
| AU2018343896A AU2018343896B2 (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2018-09-26 | Soil anticaking agent |
| BR112020003880-6A BR112020003880B1 (pt) | 2017-09-27 | 2018-09-26 | Agente antiaglomerante para o solo, método para prevenir aglomeração de solo e método para melhorar o crescimento de uma planta |
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| CN116396122A (zh) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-07-07 | 安徽天膜科技有限公司 | 一种黄腐酸钾复合肥防结块剂 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5146385A (ja) * | 1974-10-17 | 1976-04-20 | Taihei Kankyo Kagaku Sentaa Kk | |
| JPS5435064A (en) * | 1977-08-22 | 1979-03-14 | Kaken Kagaku Kk | Treating agent to promote plant growth |
| CN106544035A (zh) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-03-29 | 广东盆地号生物产业有限公司 | 一种新型的土壤调理剂及其制备方法 |
| CN107347916A (zh) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-17 | 安徽省圣丹生物化工有限公司 | 一种避免土壤板结的除草复合材料 |
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| JPH1025476A (ja) | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-27 | Fujimasu Sogo Kagaku Kenkyusho:Kk | 土壌等硬化用セメント組成物 |
| CN102030909A (zh) | 2009-09-28 | 2011-04-27 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种超滤膜分离提取木质素的方法 |
| US10053482B2 (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2018-08-21 | Clemson University | Solvent and recovery process for lignin |
| CN104973911A (zh) | 2015-07-10 | 2015-10-14 | 河南鑫饰板业有限公司 | 一种含有沉淀木质素的有机肥及其制备方法 |
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- 2018-09-26 WO PCT/JP2018/035591 patent/WO2019065691A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2018-09-26 CN CN202411398950.4A patent/CN119286531A/zh active Pending
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- 2018-09-26 AU AU2018343896A patent/AU2018343896B2/en active Active
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5146385A (ja) * | 1974-10-17 | 1976-04-20 | Taihei Kankyo Kagaku Sentaa Kk | |
| JPS5435064A (en) * | 1977-08-22 | 1979-03-14 | Kaken Kagaku Kk | Treating agent to promote plant growth |
| CN106544035A (zh) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-03-29 | 广东盆地号生物产业有限公司 | 一种新型的土壤调理剂及其制备方法 |
| CN107347916A (zh) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-17 | 安徽省圣丹生物化工有限公司 | 一种避免土壤板结的除草复合材料 |
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| JP6965893B2 (ja) | 2021-11-10 |
| JPWO2019065691A1 (ja) | 2020-09-10 |
| BR112020003880A2 (pt) | 2020-09-24 |
| CN111094511A (zh) | 2020-05-01 |
| US20200283682A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
| US11091698B2 (en) | 2021-08-17 |
| AU2018343896B2 (en) | 2023-11-23 |
| CN119286531A (zh) | 2025-01-10 |
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