WO2019049705A1 - アルツハイマー症診断装置及び方法 - Google Patents
アルツハイマー症診断装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an Alzheimer's disease diagnostic apparatus and method using a neutrophil function evaluation system or the like.
- Alzheimer's disease In Japan, the number of patients with dementia is increasing year by year with the aging of the population in recent years. The number of patients in the country currently exceeds 4.6 million, and it is estimated that in 2025, it will be 7 million, one in five elderly people. About 60% of patients with dementia have Alzheimer's disease, about 20% have vascular dementia, and the rest include various dementia diseases such as Lewy body dementia. Alzheimer's disease still has no clear cause, cure or prevention, and urgent medical solution is required. According to the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease proposed by NIA / AA (The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association) in 2011, Alzheimer's disease pre-onset stage, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease-induced dementia It is classified into stages and presents key clinical diagnostic criteria and diagnostic criteria for research.
- NIA / AA The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association
- the former are clinical findings such as cognitive dysfunction (memory disorder, aphasia, apraxia, etc.) and mental disorder (depression, insomnia, hallucination, etc.).
- the latter includes biomarker evaluation for Alzheimer's disease (quantification of amyloid ⁇ and tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid), imaging of amyloid accumulation in the brain by PET (positron emission tomography), and evaluation of brain atrophy by MRI.
- Many of such diagnostic markers have not been fully elucidated in relation to pathological changes, and there remain problems such as high invasiveness and expensive equipment and examination costs.
- a biochemical diagnostic marker that can detect onset of Alzheimer's disease simply and in a low invasive manner is particularly effective in order to perform early diagnosis / presymptomatic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
- various inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers eg, lipid peroxide, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), final glycation end products (AGEs)
- AGEs final glycation end products
- Neutrophils are immunocompetent cells involved in biological defense, when recognizing xenobiotic, an enzymatic NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidases, superoxide anion radicals (aka superoxide which is active oxygen species, O 2 ⁇ -) to produce. Furthermore, the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) produces hypochlorous acid using hydrogen peroxide, which is a superoxide metabolite, as a substrate. Such reactive oxygen species control various in vivo reactions (eg, cell cycle, phagocytosis) at physiological concentrations, but when they are produced in excess, they cause an inflammatory response in tissues.
- NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- superoxide anion radicals aka superoxide which is active oxygen species, O 2 ⁇ -
- MPO myeloperoxidase
- Such reactive oxygen species control various in vivo reactions (eg
- Patent Documents 1 and 3 Developed a method to simultaneously evaluate the MPO activity and superoxide production activity of blood by simple operation using a real time measurement system of fluorescence and chemiluminescence (Patent Documents 1 and 3) Also disclosed is a method of evaluating the phagocytic ability of phagocytes such as neutrophils (Patent Document 2).
- an apparatus and method for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease are disclosed using the neutrophil activity evaluation system (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "neutrophil activity evaluation system”) disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the like. Intended to be provided.
- the Alzheimer's disease diagnostic device of the present invention is a peripheral blood, superoxide production activity, myeloperoxidase activity, oxidized LDL amount, phagocyte phagocytic ability, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin, And measuring means for measuring one or more selected from the group consisting of and display means for displaying the index measured by the measuring means as a pathological index of Alzheimer's disease.
- the measurement means is higher by measuring at least two superoxide producing activities selected from the group consisting of superoxide producing activity, myeloperoxidase activity, oxidized LDL amount, and phagocyte phagocytic ability. It is possible to provide a pathological index of Alzheimer's disease with accuracy.
- the measurement means can provide a pathological index of Alzheimer's disease with higher accuracy by measuring superoxide production activity, myeloperoxidase activity, and oxidized LDL amount.
- the Alzheimer's disease diagnostic apparatus of the present invention is measured by a measuring means for measuring superoxide producing activity, myeloperoxidase activity, oxidized LDL amount, and phagocytic phagocytic ability in peripheral blood, and the measuring means And a display means for displaying axA + bxB + cxC + dxD as a pathological condition index of Alzheimer's disease.
- A Normalized superoxide production activity
- B Normalized myeloperoxidase activity
- C Normalized oxidized LDL amount
- D Normalized phagocyte phagocytic ability
- a, b, c, d coefficient
- the method for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease of the present invention superoxide production activity, myeloperoxidase activity, oxidized LDL amount, phagocyte phagocytic ability, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, hemoglobin in the collected peripheral blood. It is a method of using one or more selected from the group consisting of A1c and insulin as a pathological index of Alzheimer's disease.
- the pathological condition index of Alzheimer's disease can be provided simply and with high precision.
- the MPO activity in the sample is based on a fluorescence detection method using aminophenyl fluorescein (APF) as an indicator, and the superoxide producing activity is 2-methyl-6- (4-methoxyphenyl) -3,7- It is based on a chemiluminescence method using dihydroimidazo [1,2-a] pyrazin-3-one (MCLA) as an indicator.
- APF aminophenyl fluorescein
- MCLA dihydroimidazo [1,2-a] pyrazin-3-one
- PMA 13-acetate
- the net MPO activity or superoxide production activity in the sample by the neutrophil stimulant is evaluated as the value obtained by subtracting the fluorescence or luminescence before stimulation from the maximum fluorescence or luminescence after addition of the stimulant. can do.
- the phagocytic ability in the sample follows the method described in Patent Document 2. That is, it is based on a fluorescence detection method using a phagocytosive particle (manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd.) labeled with a pH sensitive fluorescent dye as an indicator.
- the amount of oxidized LDL in mouse peripheral blood can be evaluated using a commercially available ELISA kit (Kamiya Biomedical Company).
- the superoxide production activity, MPO activity and phagocytic activity of leukocytes involved in the inflammatory reaction in vivo were measured using a neutrophil activity evaluation system (CFL-P2200, Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.) (Patent Documents 1 to 3). Heparin was used as an anticoagulant for blood collection. The blood was centrifuged (1200 g, 20 minutes) to obtain plasma. Biochemical analysis of plasma was evaluated using the following commercially available kit.
- Insulin Mouse insulin ELISA kit (Shiva goat) Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): HbA1c measurement kit (Sekisui Medical) Triglyceride (TG), Total cholesterol (TC): Each measurement kit (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Fasting blood glucose (fasting BG): Blood glucose self-monitoring device (Roche Diagnostic)
- mice were divided into the following two groups.
- NC group A feed containing 4% fat (low fat feed) and water were given by free intake.
- PC group A feed containing 35% fat (high fat feed) and water were given by free intake.
- Chemiluminescent reagent (MCLA, final concentration 0.5 ⁇ M) and fluorescent reagent (APF, final concentration 2 ⁇ M) are added to the neutrophil fraction obtained from 30 ⁇ L of blood, and buffer solution (sodium chloride 154 mM, potassium chloride 5.6 mM, HEPES 10 mM And calcium chloride (1 mM) to a total volume of 500 ⁇ L.
- buffer solution sodium chloride 154 mM, potassium chloride 5.6 mM, HEPES 10 mM And calcium chloride (1 ⁇ L.
- a measurement sample was placed on a neutrophil activity evaluation prototype, and chemiluminescence and fluorescence values before and after PMA (final concentration 1 ⁇ M) stimulation were measured in real time (every 0.5 seconds).
- the values of superoxide production activity and MPO activity were measured fluorescence intensity differences before and after PMA stimulation.
- the phagocyte phagocytic ability of mouse peripheral blood was evaluated using a phagocyte phagocytic ability evaluation device (Patent Document 2).
- pH sensitive fluorescent particles Green E. Coli
- a negative control is treated with low temperature (4 ° C) to inhibit the phagocytic reaction.
- the value of the phagocytic ability was obtained as an average value obtained by measuring fluorescence 10 times (5 seconds) using a phagocyte phagocytic capacity evaluation apparatus after phagocytic reaction, and the value of the fluorescence intensity difference was obtained by subtracting the measured value of the negative control.
- Each measured value was converted (normalized) to have an average value of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
- mice were allowed to swim once to make them accustomed to the pool.
- the mouse was allowed to stand for 20 seconds on a platform fixed at 1 cm above the water surface, and then allowed to freely swim for 30 seconds. After that, the mouse was guided onto the platform with the experimenter's hand and left for 20 seconds.
- the mouse was allowed to enter the wall of the pool, and the experimenter quickly moved to a position invisible from the mouse.
- training (4 times / day) was performed to memorize the position of the platform on the mouse. In the training procedure, mice were put into the pool from any position, allowed to swim for 60 seconds, and explored a platform placed 1 cm below the water surface.
- the time taken to reach the platform was recorded, and if it could not be reached in 60 seconds, it was recorded as 60 seconds. Also, mice that did not reach the platform in time were guided to the platform by the experimenter's hand. After reaching the platform, it was allowed to stand for 20 seconds and the mouse was removed from the pool. In addition, although 5-day training showed shortening of the time required to reach a platform in any group, the difference was not recognized between groups.
- the probe test was performed on the 6th day. The probe test removed the platform from the pool, allowed the mouse to swim for 60 seconds, and measured the time spent in the quadrant where the pool platform was. The probe test was performed once for each mouse.
- the integrated measurement value showed higher correlation with the water maze test (integration: 0.9489, single: -0.21 to -0.81) as compared to the single measurement value, indicating that neutrophil activity, oxidation
- the integrated measurement value showed higher correlation with the water maze test (integration: 0.9489, single: -0.21 to -0.81) as compared to the single measurement value, indicating that neutrophil activity, oxidation
- Each measured value was converted to have an average value of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
- the multiple regression analysis method was applied to this converted value (normalized measured value), and the following results were obtained.
- Combination was higher Other 0.1 more than (O 2 ⁇ -, MPO, oxLDL), (HbA1c, phagocytosis), (TG, O 2 ⁇ -), (MPO, oxLDL) is is then promising. Further, 0.05 or more raised combination (O 2 ⁇ -, MPO, phagocytosis), (O 2 ⁇ -, MPO), (TG, MPO), (MPO, phagocytosis, oxLDL), (phagocytosis, oxLDL), (HbA1c , O 2 ⁇ -), ( MPO, phagocytosis), (TG, phagocytosis), (fasting BG, O 2 ⁇ -) are also useful.
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Abstract
Description
ただし、
A:正規化スーパーオキシド産生活性
B:正規化ミエロペルオキシダーゼ活性
C:正規化酸化LDL量
D:正規化食細胞貪食能
a、b、c、d:係数
インスリン(insulin):マウスインスリンELISAキット(シバヤギ)
ヘモグロビンA1c(HbA1c):HbA1c測定キット(積水メディカル)
トリグリセリド(TG)、総コレステロール(TC):各測定キット(和光純薬)
空腹時血中グルコース(fasting BG):血糖自己測定器 (ロッシュ・ダイアグノスティク)
(1)NC群:4%脂肪を含む飼料(低脂肪飼料)及び水を自由摂取により与えた。
(2)PC群:35%脂肪を含む飼料(高脂肪飼料)及び水を自由摂取により与えた。
マウス末梢血の好中球活性(O2 ・-産生活性とMPO活性)は好中球活性能評価試作機(特許文献1、3)を用いて評価した。マウス末梢血30μLに溶血試薬(Tonbo Biosciences)500μLを添加し、室温で2分反応後、200×g,3分間遠心処理を行い、細胞懸濁液を回収した。なお、溶血試薬は市販されているものを使用してよいが、細胞固定化剤を含まないものが好ましい。血液30μLから得られた好中球画分に化学発光試薬(MCLA、終濃度0.5μM)及び蛍光試薬(APF、終濃度2μM)を添加し、緩衝液(塩化ナトリウム154mM、塩化カリウム5.6mM、HEPES10mM、塩化カルシウム1mM)を用いて全量を500μLとした。測定試料を好中球活性能評価試作機に設置し、PMA(終濃度1μM)刺激前後における化学発光及び蛍光値をリアルタイム(0.5秒毎)に測定した。スーパーオキシド産生活性及びMPO活性の値は、PMA刺激前後の測定値蛍光強度差とした。各測定値を平均値0,標準偏差1となるように変換(正規化(Wikipedeia:数量を代表値で割るなどして無次元量化し、互いに比較できるようにすることを、正規化という。多変量解析には『平均が 0、分散が 1 になるよう、線形変換する』が使われる。))した。
マウス末梢血中の酸化LDL量は市販のELISAキット(Kamiya Biomedical Company)を用いて測定した。測定方法はキット付属のプロトコルに従い、マウス血漿をキット付属の緩衝液で1000倍希釈したサンプルを測定に供した。各測定値を平均値0,標準偏差1となるように変換(正規化)した。
マウス末梢血の食細胞貪食能は食細胞貪食能評価装置(特許文献2)を用いて評価した。測定についは、マウス末梢血30μLにpH感受性蛍光粒子(Green E.Coli)を添加し、37℃で1時間反応させ、陰性対照には、低温(4℃)処理を加え、貪食反応を阻害させた。貪食能の値は、貪食反応後に食細胞貪食能評価装置を用いて10回(5秒間)蛍光を測定した平均値を得、陰性対照の測定値を引いた蛍光強度差の値とした。各測定値を平均値0,標準偏差1となるように変換(正規化)した。
(1)装置
市販の黒色インクを円筒形プール(直径100 cm、深さ40 cm)の水(23±1℃)に添加し、水泳中のマウスがプラットフォームを視認できないようにした。なお、透明なプラットフォーム(直径10 cm)は水面下1cmに位置するように設置した。プール水面の真上に設置した市販のデジタルカメラにより、マウスの水泳を動画で記録した。水泳軌跡の解析は、画像解析ソフトAminalTrackerを用いて、「Neuroinformatics, 14, 479-481, 2016」記載の方法に従い行った。
試験前日に、マウスをプールに馴れさせるために、各々1回泳がせた。手順は、水面上1cmに固定したプラットフォームにマウスを20秒間静置したのち、30秒間自由に泳がせた。その後、実験者の手でマウスをプラットフォーム上に誘導し、20秒間静置した。また、プールに入れる際はマウスをプールの壁向きに入水させ、実験者は速やかにマウスから見えない位置に移動した。1~5日目はマウスにプラットフォームの位置を記憶させるトレーニング(4回/日)を実施した。トレーニングの手順は、マウスを任意の位置からプールに入れ、60秒間泳がせ、水面下1cmに設置したプラットフォームを探索させた。プラットフォーム到達に要する時間を記録し、60秒で到達できない場合は60秒と記録した。また、時間内にプラットフォームに到達しないマウスは実験者の手でプラットフォームに誘導した。プラットフォームに到達後、20秒間静置し、マウスをプールから取り出した。なお、5日間のトレーニングにより、いずれの群においてもプラットフォーム到達に要する時間の短縮が認められたが、群間で差は認められなかった。6日目にプローブ試験を実施した。プローブ試験は、プールからプラットフォームを取り除き、マウスを60秒間泳がせ、プールのプラットフォームがあった4分円領域内での滞在時間を測定した。なお、プローブ試験は各マウスにつき1回行った。
アルツハイマー病モデルマウス(SAMP8)のデータに基づいて、統計解析を検討した。好中球活性・酸化LDL・貪食能の各測定値と学習機能評価の従来法(水迷路試験)との相関解析を行った結果、好中球活性(O2 ・-産生活性)との間にとても強い相関(相関係数:-0.81)、酸化LDLとの間に強い相関(相関係数:-0.63)が認められた(図1)。好中球活性・貪食能・酸化LDLの各測定値を統合化し、学習機能の予測が可能となるか検討を行った。
(水迷路試験)= -0.78×(O2 ・-産生活性)-0.08×(酸化LDL)
相関係数=0.8228 (1)
(水迷路試験)= -1.29×(O2 ・-産生活性)+0.62×(MPO活性)
相関係数=0.9131 (2)
(水迷路試験)= -1.295×(O2 ・-産生活性)+0.620×(MPO活性)+0.021×(貪食能)
相関係数=0.9133 (3)
(水迷路試験)= -1.264×(O2 ・-産生活性)+0.787×(MPO活性)-0.316×(酸化LDL)
相関係数=0.9480 (4)
(水迷路試験)= -1.24×(O2 ・-産生活性)+0.79×(MPO活性)-0.05×(貪食能)-0.33×(酸化LDL)
相関係数=0.9489 (5)
4変数の場合には、(O2 ・-産生活性)、(MPO活性)、(酸化LDL)、(貪食能)
3変数の場合には、(O2 ・-産生活性)、(MPO活性)、(酸化LDL)
2変数の場合には、(O2 ・-産生活性)、(MPO活性)
1変数の場合には、(O2 ・-産生活性)
を用いた場合に、より高い相関係数が認められているために、より望ましいことが分かる。
(重回帰式を作ることで、単独の相関式(単回帰式)よりも高い相関係数が得られる順)
(単回帰式で高い相関係数を示した順)
また、明細書、特許請求の範囲及び図面を含む2017年 9月 8日に出願の日本国特許出願2017-173037の開示は、そのまま参考として、ここにとり入れるものとする。
Claims (5)
- 末梢血中の、スーパーオキシド産生活性、ミエロペルオキシダーゼ活性、酸化LDL量、食細胞貪食能、トリグリセリド、空腹時血中グルコース、総コレステロール、ヘモグロビンA1c、及びインスリン、からなる群より選ばれる1つ以上を測定する測定手段と、
該測定手段によって測定された指標をアルツハイマー病の病態指標として表示する表示手段と
を備えることを特徴とするアルツハイマー病診断装置。 - 前記測定手段は、スーパーオキシド産生活性、ミエロペルオキシダーゼ活性、酸化LDL量、及び食細胞貪食能、からなる群よりスーパーオキシド産生活性が選ばれる2つ以上を測定することを特徴とする請求項1記載のアルツハイマー病診断装置。
- 前記測定手段は、スーパーオキシド産生活性、ミエロペルオキシダーゼ活性、及び酸化LDL量を測定することを特徴とする請求項1記載のアルツハイマー病診断装置。
- 末梢血中の、スーパーオキシド産生活性、ミエロペルオキシダーゼ活性、酸化LDL量、及び食細胞貪食能、を測定する測定手段と、
該測定手段によって測定された指標に対して、a×A+b×B+c×C+d×D、をアルツハイマー病の病態指標として表示する表示手段と
を備えることを特徴とするアルツハイマー病診断装置。
ただし、
A:正規化スーパーオキシド産生活性
B:正規化ミエロペルオキシダーゼ活性
C:正規化酸化LDL量
D:正規化食細胞貪食能
a、b、c、d:係数 - 採血された末梢血中の、スーパーオキシド産生活性、ミエロペルオキシダーゼ活性、酸化LDL量、食細胞貪食能、トリグリセリド、空腹時血中グルコース、総コレステロール、ヘモグロビンA1c、及びインスリン、からなる群より選ばれる1つ以上をアルツハイマー病の病態指標とする方法。
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| JP2019540889A JP7446816B2 (ja) | 2017-09-08 | 2018-08-27 | アルツハイマー病指標表示装置及び方法 |
| CN201880057860.5A CN111094537A (zh) | 2017-09-08 | 2018-08-27 | 阿尔茨海默症诊断装置及方法 |
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| WO2022039191A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-18 | 2022-02-24 | 株式会社バイオラジカル研究所 | 軽度認知障害の試験方法、軽度認知障害の試験試薬、および軽度認知障害の治療薬候補物質のスクリーニング方法 |
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