WO2018236244A1 - MAST WITH STABILIZED BY DIRECTION UPPER WORKING AREA - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to tall structures for accommodating technical equipment that needs to be installed with a particular directivity in order to function normally, and more particularly for narrow beam antennae, aerial optical communications devices, and optical surveillance devices such as visible and infrared cameras for protecting different sites and national borders, inter alia. Claimed is a mast with a directionally stabilized upper working platform, comprising an upper working platform, vertical legs, horizontal crossbars pivotally connected to the vertical legs, and lateral guy-lines connected to a mounting surface. What is novel is that the mast consists of two pairs of vertical legs, wherein the two legs of each pair are pivotally connected by identical horizontal crossbars, and the pairs of vertical legs are, in turn, connected to each other either by pivotally fastened pairs of identical additional horizontal crossbars, or by platforms that are pivotally fastened to the horizontal crossbars of the pairs of vertical legs, wherein the uppermost platform of the mast is a working platform.

Description

 Mast with top stabilized

 working platform

 Technical field

 The invention relates to high-rise structures for the placement of technical means that require for their normal operation of the installation with a specific directivity, namely for: antennas, with a narrow radiation pattern; air optical communication devices; optical surveillance devices such as cameras of the visible and infrared ranges used to protect various objects and the state border as well.

 Prior art

It is known that retaining the direction for any product located on a high-rise structure (hereinafter, we will call it a “mast”) is a difficult task in the conditions of a real wind load. In particular, when placed on the masts of technical vision devices (video cameras or thermal imaging cameras) in windy weather, the operator cannot be observed due to the constant movement of the picture on the screen caused by the swing of the mast. The cause of the swing is nothing but the deformation (bending) of the mast under the action of wind load. The mast under the pressure of the wind is bent and its upper platform, on which the product is installed, is displaced along the coordinates, and most importantly along the elevation. Together with the upper platform of the mast the product is shifted and its orientation changes.

For example, for a mast truss with a cross section of 0.8x0.8 m, made of steel angle 50x50 mm, and a height of U m e stretch marks, the displacement of the upper platform with a wind of 25 m / s is about ± 0.1 m. In this case, the platform is tilted by an angle of the order of ± 1 degree. Modern optical devices that allow observation at distances of up to 10 km have an angle of view of less than one degree. Accordingly, when the mast is tilted by the wind by 1 degree, the distant object will simply leave the field of view of the operator. In this case, the speed of movement of the picture on the screen will be so large that the operator will not be able to clearly see anything on it. There are two simple ways to improve the situation: first, it is possible to strengthen the mast by increasing its cross-section to several meters (reduce the ratio of lateral size to height); secondly, it is possible to install a gyro-stabilized platform on the top of the mast for placing the product. However, in the first case, the mast will become many times more difficult and its delivery to remote areas will become problematic. In the second case, the gyro-stabilized platform will significantly increase the cost of the product and, moreover, will require additional power supply, which is again problematic in conditions of sparsely populated areas. In addition, the gyro-stabilized platform will require periodic maintenance and maintenance. Thus, the appearance of a cheap, light, low-maintenance construction of a mast, the upper platform of which does not bend under the wind load, significantly improves the situation in this matter.

 Therefore, the mast that is supposed to be used for remote control must meet a number of the following stringent requirements.

 First, the mast should function reliably around the clock and year-round in all weather conditions, including with strong wind alternating loads.

 Secondly, the mast must provide sufficient vertical load for installation of the devices and do not require maintenance in the mode of long service life (the service life of the mast is not less than 10 years). This is due to the need to install it in remote areas, where it is possible to get no more than once a year due to natural conditions and bad roads.

Thirdly, the mast should not differ significantly in terms of mass and size characteristics from the traditional masts currently used. Otherwise, the applicability of such a mast will be very limited due to its weight and size parameters and, accordingly, the difficulties arising during delivery and installation at the place of operation. Fourthly, the mast should have a simple design, providing for its direct assembly at the installation site, which greatly simplifies its use in hard-to-reach areas.

Fifth, the mast should not require additional energy supply for its operation, which is especially important in the conditions of remote, sparsely populated areas.

The construction of a high-rise mast is known, on which products can be placed that require an installation with a certain angular orientation for their normal operation (see USSR author's certificate Ν ° 403835, CL. Е04Н 12/34, 1973). Reducing the deviation of the apex of a known mast is based on the installation of struts rigidly attached to a continuous ring placed around the lower part of the mast, and in the upper part the struts are joined together by another ring of smaller diameter and having a spacer in the gap between the mast and this ring in the form of earrings, hinged to both the mast and the ring. The upper ring is located at a certain height from the ground. This achieves a more rigid fixation of the mast, as compared with fixing with braces, at the location of the ring.

 The main disadvantage of the known device is that the fixing of the mast occurs on one and the same level, whereas its parts, which are above and below this second ring, continue to experience wind loads and bend. The only difference is that the shorter sections of the mast are bent. That is, the task of stabilization in the direction of the upper platform of the mast is solved only partially. The slope of the upper platform of the mast, when exposed to wind load, will only slightly decrease.

Another serious disadvantage of the known device is that it is much more material intensive compared with the traditional mast. The struts and the lower continuous ring must be powerful enough structures that can withstand not only their own weight, but also wind loads. Accordingly, this way of solving the problem leads to a strong increase in the mass and dimensional characteristics of the mast.

 In addition, the installation of such a mast with struts is much more labor-intensive and requires higher accuracy in the performance of work in field conditions. A continuous ring must be installed on the base, struts with an upper ring must be installed on it, and the mast itself must be placed strictly vertically in the middle of the ring.

 The closest to the claimed solution is a technical solution selected as a prototype, designed to house the antenna equipment of radio and radio relay communication channels (see USSR author's certificate JN <> 459824, CL. H01Q 1/12, 1975). The device should provide a stable directivity of antennas with a narrow diagram. The known device consists of three masts of traditional construction (mast-trusses), having a common base and an antenna platform, hinged on the tops of all three masts. Side extensions are attached to the tops of each mast. For greater stability, the masts are connected on several levels with rigid horizontal articulated struts.

 The main disadvantage of the known device is that it is not able to provide high angular stability of the position of the upper platform. This is due to the fact that the antenna platform is pivotally attached to the tops of the masts, and the horizontal struts to the lateral surfaces of the masts. Accordingly, the platform, masts and strut in the projection form a trapezoid, at the vertices of which there are hinges. From the course of geometry, it is known that the trapezoid is a rigid figure and under load it deforms like a solid body. That is, the well-known construction will be bent as a whole, just like a regular mast truss, but of a larger size.

Another disadvantage of the known device is that the braces are attached to each mast separately. All the stability of a known device is based on its symmetry. That is, all three masts are strictly single T RU2017 / 000446

 5 are forged, placed strictly symmetrically on the ground, with all the stretching and transverse struts of the same length and also arranged symmetrically. However, the forces from the stretch marks may not be identical under wind load due to the fact that they were tensioned unevenly when the device was installed on the ground, or changed their condition from time to time, or from weather conditions (for example, icing, uneven heating due to the sun, wind) . In this case, the horizontal projections of the forces acting on the masts will be partially aligned at the expense of the upper platform, but the vertical components of the forces on the part of the stretch marks will be different for each mast. They, in particular, will depend on wind load. This inconsistency will lead to the fact that with the wind the platform will tilt (change the elevation angle) or rotate in azimuth.

 In addition, the known device has a complex structure and, accordingly, its complex installation takes place. In fact, you need to install not one, but three masts, rigidly connect them on several levels with horizontal struts, and then stretch the stretch. Thus, it will be necessary to deliver at least three times more metal structures or rolled metal to the site of the installation (if the assembly is to be assembled directly at the installation site).

 The technical result of the claimed invention consists in a substantial increase in the angular stability of the position of the upper platform of the mast with any wind loads and other negative natural factors acceptable in the area (icing, uneven solar heating, etc.) while simultaneously reducing the metal intensity construction and simplification of its assembly at the installation site.

 DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

This technical result in a mast with an upper working platform stabilized in the direction, including an upper working platform, vertical posts, horizontal struts, hingedly connected with vertical posts, and lateral extensions connected to the base, is achieved by the fact that the mast consists of two pairs of vertical racks, with both racks of each pair being hingedly connected by identical horizontal struts, and the pair of vertical stands, in turn, are interconnected by either hinged pairs of identical additional horizontal struts or pads hinged on the horizontal struts of pairs vertical racks.

 The specified execution of pairs of vertical pillars of articulated joints with spacers leads to the fact that each pair of racks with struts between them forms a rectangular cage with the possibility of its inclination in the plane of the cage in either direction until a parallelogram is formed (the rectangle is not a rigid figure unlike a trapezium.) When tilting, all cross struts remain parallel to each other and the base of the mast.

 Similarly, by pivotally fastening the pairs of vertical posts between each other by horizontal pads or struts, we obtain in the projection the same rectangular cage with the possibility of its tilting in any direction before the formation of a parallelogram. And just as in the case of pairs of vertical posts, when tilting, all the transverse struts and platforms remain parallel to each other and the base of the mast.

 Thus, due to the possibility of tilting the mast in two directions, while maintaining the parallelism of all platforms and horizontal struts to each other and the base of the mast, it is possible to stabilize in direction and the upper working platform on which equipment is fixed. around the corner. Unlike mast trusses, which can be held in a vertical position only due to their own rigidity and foundation, this mast is kept from falling mainly by lateral stretch marks, which assume most of the wind load.

Thus, the high stability of the position of the upper platform of the mast is achieved due to the fact that its entire structure consists of rectangles, which, as is well known, are not a rigid figure and, if there are hinges at the vertices, they are freely deformed into parallelograms, U2017 / 000446

 7 while leaving the opposing sides parallel to each other. Such a mast, under load, does not behave like a solid body!

 For a smooth transition of the lateral rectangular structures of the mast into parallelograms, both pivotal hinges and elastic hinges can be used as hinge joints.

 The advantage of the swivel hinges is that the mast during transportation to the installation site can be folded into a more compact flat design. At the same time, the whole structure can be manufactured in the factory and at the assembly site only additional installation (to install horizontal struts or platforms) between pairs of vertical racks is necessary.

 The advantage of elastic hinges is that such a hinge is a single piece, therefore, there is no backlash in it. Rotation in such a hinge is carried out due to the elastic deformation of the hinge material. The angle of rotation of such a hinge is small, but sufficient for reliable operation of the mast, while it does not have separate parts, and therefore no possible gaps.

 Vertical racks of the mast can be made of almost any type of rolled products, which makes the mast technologically simple and economically advantageous. It is most advisable to make racks from a metal pipe of round or rectangular cross section, from a channel bar or from an I-beam. These types of rolled products do not require additional mechanical treatment and have high torsion characteristics. It is known that the maximum torsional rigidity, with the same weight per meter, has a thin-walled round tube.

 To increase the rigidity of the mast torsion rack while maintaining minimum weight and size characteristics, the vertical mast racks can be made of welded metal trusses.

To achieve the required height of the mast, which is connected with the relief of the surrounding terrain, the mast can be made of several uniformly mounted vertical sections, each vertical rack which is equipped with a connecting element. Therefore, there is not much point in developing a number of individual structures of a mast of various heights. You can simply increase the required height due to additional sections of the same type. In addition, these low sections are easier to transport to the installation site.

 If the weight and size characteristics are not critical, and it is required to ensure the maximum rigidity of the structure in specified dimensions, the mast racks can be made of reinforced concrete. These racks can be made directly at the installation site of the mast, delivering only the formwork, reinforcement and cement to the site. The pouring of concrete can be carried out in removable or permanent formwork, for example, in a steel pipe. In the case of the use of removable formwork, in the places of installation of horizontal struts, metal embedded plates are made. In the case of the use of permanent formwork in the form of a steel pipe, the installation of horizontal struts can be carried out directly to the steel pipe.

 To increase the vertical stability of the proposed mast, side stretch marks are installed on several levels of the mast height.

 Thus, the claimed technical solution, due to the presence of two pairs of vertical pillars forming rectangular stands and allowing them to be transformed under the action of wind loads into parallel patterns, allows stabilizing in the direction of the upper platform on which the equipment with rigid stabilization in angle is fixed, which It has no analogues among the known devices created to counteract the wind load on the mast, and, therefore, meets the criterion of "inventive level".

 Brief Description of the Drawings

 Figures 1-14 show various embodiments of the proposed mast or its main structural elements.

Figure 1 presents an embodiment of the inventive mast, the rack of which is made of a rectangular pipe with the upper working platform, horizontal struts and side braces, where: racks 1a and 16 make up the first pair of vertical posts connected by horizontal struts 2a; racks 1c and 1g with struts 26 form a second pair; Both pairs of vertical posts, in their turn, are connected between themselves either by pairs of identical additional horizontal struts Za and 36, or by platform 4 (one or several); all the connections of the spacers 2a, 26 and Za, 36 are made between themselves with the help of elastic hinges 5a and 56, and with vertical uprights with the help of elastic hinges 6a and 66; pad 4 is also attached using elastic hinges 7a and 76; The side bars 8a - 8g are attached to the central crossbar of the upper platform 4.

 Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the inventive mast, the posts of which are made of a rectangular tube consisting of two pairs of vertical posts 9a, 96, and 9c, 9g, connected by horizontal struts 10a - South using elastic hinges 11.

 Fig. 3 is a drawing (fragment of Fig. 2) illustrating the connection of the vertical stand with the horizontal strut using an elastic hinge, where: 9a is the vertical stand; 10a is a horizontal strut with an elastic hinge 11 (a weakened end of the strut 10a) connected by welds 12 and 13 with a stand 9a.

 Figure 4 is a drawing illustrating the connection of a vertical rectangular rack with a horizontal strut using a swivel hinge, where: 14 is a vertical rack; 15 is a horizontal alignment connected to a vertical post 14 by means of a pivot hinge 16 formed by lugs 17a and 176 and an axis 18 passing through the post 14.

Figure 5 shows a drawing explaining the connection of two vertical rectangular racks with a horizontal strut and a platform, where: 19a and 196 are vertical posts connected to the horizontal bar 20 with the help of pivot hinges 21a and 216; 22 - playground, single with horizontal strut 20 by means of pivot hinges 23a and 236.

 Fig. 6 is a drawing illustrating the connection of a vertical rack in the form of a channel 24 with a horizontal strut 25 and a platform 26 using a pivot hinge 27 with a rotation axis 28 passing through the strut 24 and the swivel hinge 29 around the strut 25.

 Fig. 7 is a drawing illustrating the connection of a vertical stand in the shape of an I-beam 30 with a horizontal strut 31 and a platform 32 with the help of a pivot hinge 33 with an axis of rotation 34 passing through the strut 30 and a swivel hinge 35 around the strut 31.

 FIG. 8 is a drawing illustrating the connection of a vertical rack in the form of a round tube 36 with a horizontal strut 37 and a platform 38 with the help of a pivot hinge 39 with a rotation axis 40 passing through the strut 36 and the swivel 41 around the strut 37.

 FIG. 9 is a drawing explaining the connection of a vertical stand in the form of a tube 42 of circular cross section through an intermediate plate 43 with a horizontal strut 44 by means of an elastic hinge 45 and welds 46a and 466.

 FIG. 10 is a drawing explaining the attachment of the lateral extensions 8a-8g (see FIG. 1, bottom view) to the upper H - shaped platform 4 using fasteners 47a-47g, with the upper ends of the lateral extensions 8a fixed on them. - 8g.

Figure 1-1 shows a drawing explaining the docking connection of two vertical racks of the mast, which is necessary to increase its height due to the series connection of several sections, where: 48a and 486 are two mutually mounted vertical racks. brands, on the ends of which, using welds 49a and 496, are mounted mounting plates 50a and 506, which are connected to each other by four connecting bolts (no bolts are shown in the figure) through mounting holes 51. Fig. 12 is a drawing (a flat projection of a mast fragment) explaining the construction of the mast, the posts of which are made of metal welded trusses, where: 52a and 526 are welded trusses interconnected by horizontal struts 53 with pivot hinges 54a and 546.

 FIG. 13 is a drawing explaining the connection of a vertical round reinforced concrete pillar with a horizontal strut with an elastic hinge, where: 55 is a vertical reinforced concrete pillar with a metal fixed formwork (pipe) 56, inside of which is a metal frame made of reinforcing steel bars 57 poured with concrete 58; on the outside, a metal plate 59 is welded to the pipe 56, to which the welded seams 60a and 606 are fastened with their elastic hinge 61 and horizontal spacing 62.

 Figure 14 shows an embodiment of the inventive mast of great height, when, to increase the vertical stability of the mast, side stretch bars are installed at several levels of height, where: 63a - 63g are vertical posts; 64 — upper working platform, on which side stretch marks 65a - 65g are fixed; 66 is an intermediate platform on which side stretch marks 67a - 67g are attached.

 The best embodiment of the invention

 Before considering the work of the proposed mast, we note some features of its installation and transportation. As mentioned above, the sections of the mast with pivotal hinges 16 (see FIG. 4), after being assembled at the factory, can be folded into a more compact state, packaged and sent to the installation site. Sections with elastic hinges 1 1 (see fig.Z), on the contrary, do not allow excessive efforts during transportation.

 After being delivered to the installation site, the sections of the mast are connected by means of connecting nodes, for example, such as 50a and 506 (see

figure 1 1). After that, the mast is installed on the base by any known method, for example, using a winch: http: //forca.m/knigi/oborudovanie/mehanizmv-i-prisposobleniya-dlya- vozdushnvh-liniv-35-kv-i-vvshe-10.html

 The installed product is fixed with side braces 8a-8g (see figure 1) in a vertical position. With a high height of the product, side stretch marks 65a - 65g and 67a - 67g are installed on several levels - platforms 64 and 66 (see Fig. 14). On the upper working platform 4 (or 64), the equipment is placed and oriented in the right direction. For definiteness, we assume that a video camera is installed on the mast with a vertical angle of view of 1 degree.

 Consider the behavior of the proposed mast in windy weather. Wind force is applied to the mast. Because of that, the mast stretch marks are deformed and the upper working platform is shifted. However, due to the fact that the entire mast is assembled of their rectangular shapes, at the vertices of which there are hinges, the displacement of the platform will lead to the transformation of a rectangular stand, for example, formed by racks 1a, 16 and transverse horizontal struts 2a (see FIG. .1), in parallelograms. In this case, the opposite sides of all parallelograms will remain parallel to each other, that is, they will simply retain their original direction, which they received at the time of installation of the mast.

 Thus, the video camera located on site 4 will strictly preserve the direction of its vision. And this, despite the fact that the top platform itself, together with the video camera, will shift a noticeable distance. Taking into account the fact that usually the camera's field of view (the size of the territory that enters the frame at a distance of 10 km) is about 100 meters, then moving the camera relative to it to even a meter will not impede the operator's work. The field of view will move exactly as much as the camcorder itself (pad 4), that is, 1 meter.

 Technical applicability

For an experimental verification of the proposed mast on a 3-D printer, two models of masts of the same cross section (6x6cm) and height (90cm) were made of plastic. The first one was a mast a truss of traditional construction with rigid connections between the elements of the mast and triangular shapes between the uprights and struts, horizontal and diagonal, and the second - the claimed design. A camcorder was mounted on top of them. The wind load was simulated using a rope, acting on the tops of the masts. In both cases, the force on the masts was chosen so that their upper platforms shifted in the same way. The mast-truss of the traditional structure under the action of the rope was bent as a “continuous body” and the original image completely left the camera's field of view. The claimed mast under load maintained a given directionality, which made it possible to keep the original image on the monitor screen throughout the experiment. The slight shaking of the image that was present during the experiment (no more than 1%) was explained by the disproportion of the mass and size parameters of the installed video camera and the mast.

 Thus, the claimed mast fully confirmed its ability to stabilize a strictly specified direction and, having weight and size indicators close to the traditional construction of the mast truss, allowed it to significantly expand its functional capabilities, without resorting to expensive and metal-intensive structures.

Claims

Claim  1. A mast with an upper working platform stabilized in direction, including an upper working platform, vertical supports, horizontal struts pivotally connected with vertical supports and lateral extensions connected to the base, characterized in that the mast consists of two pairs of vertical supports while both racks of each pair are pivotally connected by the same horizontal struts, and the pairs of vertical racks are, in turn, interconnected or by hinged pairs of identical additional horizons. ortal struts or pivotally hinged on horizontal struts of pairs of vertical posts, with the uppermost platform of the mast being the working platform.  2. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that pivotal hinges are used as hinged joints.  3. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that elastic hinges are used as hinged joints.  4. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical posts are made of a metal pipe of rectangular cross section.  5. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical posts are made of a metal pipe of circular cross section.  6. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical uprights are made of channel bars.  7. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical uprights are made of an I-beam.  8. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical posts of the mast are made of welded metal trusses. 9. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the mast is made of several consecutively mounted one-type vertical sections, each vertical column of which is provided with a connecting element. 10. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the racks of the mast are made of reinforced concrete.  11. Mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral extensions are installed at several levels of the height of the mast. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring module is made in the form of an autonomous structure connected by an electric cable with an external control and display unit.  8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring module and the control and display unit are made in a single package.