[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2018233867A1 - Procédé d'optimisation sur la base de simulations de la forme d'un composant tridimensionnel à développer et à fabriquer ultérieurement, en particulier de manière additive - Google Patents

Procédé d'optimisation sur la base de simulations de la forme d'un composant tridimensionnel à développer et à fabriquer ultérieurement, en particulier de manière additive Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018233867A1
WO2018233867A1 PCT/EP2018/000306 EP2018000306W WO2018233867A1 WO 2018233867 A1 WO2018233867 A1 WO 2018233867A1 EP 2018000306 W EP2018000306 W EP 2018000306W WO 2018233867 A1 WO2018233867 A1 WO 2018233867A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
component
heat dissipation
local
dissipation capability
local heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2018/000306
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2018233867A8 (fr
Inventor
Vasily POLSHIKHIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AMSIS GMBH
Original Assignee
AMSIS GMBH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AMSIS GMBH filed Critical AMSIS GMBH
Publication of WO2018233867A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018233867A1/fr
Publication of WO2018233867A8 publication Critical patent/WO2018233867A8/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10—Numerical modelling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/10—Additive manufacturing, e.g. 3D printing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/18—Manufacturability analysis or optimisation for manufacturability
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for simulation-based optimization of the shape of a three-dimensional component to be developed and later, in particular additive, to be produced.
  • the present invention relates to a method for the automated optimization of the component topology for the purpose of better heat dissipation.
  • component is intended to cover both the actual component alone and the actual component including support structure.
  • an optimization of the topology (shape) of a three-dimensional component to be developed and later, in particular additive, to be produced takes place structurally.
  • the focus of the known optimization is the goal to reduce the mass of the component with a constant strength.
  • the adaptation of the component geometry is based on mechanical calculations.
  • Thermal calculations or simulations are used in the design of such components, such as cooled tools or heat exchangers. Due to the calculations of the temperature distribution, manual adjustments are made according to the method of trial-and-error of the component geometry. The thermal calculations are repeated for the adjusted geometries until the developer releases the final component geometry.
  • the thermal process plays an important role. Stowage areas of the heat can adversely affect the final properties of the component as well as the quality of the surface. From practice it is already known that certain geometries for the process from a thermal point of view are very unfavorable.
  • CONFIRMATION COPY A well-known example of such an unfavorable geometry are channels which are oriented transversely to the construction direction and have a round cross-section. In the upper part of the channel, the process heat accumulates, which leads to increased sintering effects in this area. These areas must be supported to better transport the heat down, which reduces the permeability of the channels. Therefore, it is recommended to design a cross section in the form of a "falling droplet" with the orientation of the tip of the droplet in the direction of construction already in the design of such channels.This geometry dissipates the heat better and also makes it possible to dispense with the support points. The task of manual design with the tip always in the direction of construction, however, is not trivial when a channel along a very complex direction-changing three-dimensional line runs, which is very often the case in the contour near cooling of the tool surfaces.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for simulation-based automated thermal optimization of the component geometry to improve the heat dissipation.
  • This process optimizes thermally stressed components for their use (for example, tools with near net cooling).
  • a particularly important field of application is the optimization of the topology of additively manufactured components for better heat dissipation during the build-up process. Due to the process-oriented optimization of the component topology, it will be possible to avoid heat build-up in the component and also to reduce the number of necessary support points or support structures. In addition, the support structures around the generated component are also thermally optimized to perform the same function with less mass.
  • this object is achieved by a method for simulation-based optimization of the shape of a three-dimensional component to be developed and later, in particular additively produced, wherein, starting from an initial shape of the component to be developed, the shape iteratively by addition or / and subtraction of component volume of local Component location is optimized based on simulation-based local heat dissipation capability values or a function thereof during manufacture and / or application of the developed device.
  • the local heat dissipation capability is calculated as a divergence of a heat flow or as a function thereof, in particular as a time integral of the divergence of the heat flow over a specific time interval.
  • the local heat dissipation capability is calculated as the divergence of the negative product of a thermal conductivity of the component starting material and a local temperature gradient, in particular as a time integral of the divergence of said product in a specific time interval.
  • the local heat dissipation capability is calculated on the basis of a temporal derivative of the local temperature or a function thereof, in particular as a time integral of the negative product of the temporal derivative of the local temperature, the heat capacity of the component starting material and the density of the component starting material in a specific time interval becomes.
  • the local heat dissipation capability is calculated as the difference between a heat input and the product of the temporal derivative of the local temperature, the heat capacity of the component starting material and the density of the component starting material or as a function of said difference, in particular as a time integral of that difference over a given time interval.
  • the heat input is set equal to zero.
  • the phases of a "pure cooling" of a component layer are simulated, ie the times of cooling immediately after heating with the heat source
  • the heat source eg laser
  • the times of "pure cooling” in each point of a device layer normally much larger than the times of heating with the heat source.
  • an “energetic replacement” or “energetic equivalent” of a heat source such calculations will have an artificial initial condition in which the initial temperature of the next layer is higher than the initial temperature of the preliminary layer.
  • Such an initial condition provides a slope of the initial temperature in the direction of construction (see below).
  • the heat capacity and the density of the component starting material are assumed to be constant.
  • a numerical simulation of the temperature distribution in the whole component is carried out starting from an initial temperature distribution in order to determine the local heat dissipation capability.
  • initial temperatures are assumed to be constant across the mounting direction.
  • a boundary condition for the numerical simulation of the temperature distribution is defined such that there is complete thermal isolation of the entire calculation area.
  • the calculation of the temperature distribution is carried out by a numerical method, such as the method of finite differences or finite elements, for the solution of the partial heat dissipation equation.
  • changing the initial shape of the component by adding and / or subtracting a component volume at local locations of the component includes comparing the simulation-based local thermal dissipation capability values with a local thermal dissipation capability limit.
  • the method comprises a) dividing the component volume into individual volume elements, b) determining the component region to be optimized, c) determining the limit of the heat dissipation capability and the target value of the heat dissipation capability and a maximum number of calculation cycles d) a first calculation e) Comparison of the values of the calculated local heat dissipation capability in individual volume elements of the component region to be optimized with the limit value of the heat dissipation capability.
  • step (e) Change of the component volume in the component region to be optimized by addition of new volume elements and / or subtraction of existing volume elements the comparison of the values in step (e), g) recalculation of the heat dissipation capability in the whole component taking into account the added and / or subtracted volume elements, and h) repeating steps (e) through (g) until a predefined number of repetition steps are reached or until the target local heat dissipation capability is reached in each volume element of the device.
  • a change in the component volume is carried out by subtraction of volume elements at the local locations at which the value of the heat dissipation capability is lower than the limit value of the heat dissipation capability.
  • a process is performed wherein a change in component volume is made by subtracting volume elements at the local locations where the value of local heat dissipation capability is higher than the local heat dissipation capability limit.
  • a change of the component volume takes place by addition of new volume elements at the local locations of the component surface at which the value of the local heat dissipation capability is lower than the limit value of the local heat dissipation capability.
  • a change in the component volume takes place by addition of new volume elements at the local locations of the component surface at which the value of the local heat dissipation capability is higher than the limit value of the local heat dissipation capability.
  • a change in component volume may be made by adding new volume elements at the local locations of the device surface where the value of local heat dissipation capability is greater than the local heat dissipation capability limit.
  • At least two non-adjacent localities on a surface of a component having dissimilar values of local heat dissipation capability are interconnected by the addition of the new volume elements.
  • the addition and / or subtraction of Volume elements is performed so that the average local heat dissipation capability in this cross section or part of this cross section is in an interval between predefinable minimum and maximum local thermal dissipation target values.
  • the addition and / or subtraction of volume elements for at least two different component sections with orientation transverse to the mounting direction is performed so that the mean value of the local heat dissipation capability in both component sections in an interval between predefinable minimum and maximum target values the local heat dissipation ability is.
  • the present invention provides one or more computer-readable media / media that includes computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 22 perform.
  • the present invention is based on the surprising finding that thermal dissipation during production of the component can be improved by "thermal" topology optimization.Of course, after the "thermal" topology optimization has been performed, it must be checked whether the proposed modified component is mechanically optimized.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation for explaining the definition of the local
  • FIG. 2 initial conditions for a component
  • FIG. 3 shows an initial distribution of isotherms in a component, a change in the temperature distribution in a component, a calculated temperature distribution and a calculated distribution of the local heat dissipation capability in a component at a time T;
  • Phases of a method for simulation-based optimization of the shape of a to be developed and later, in particular additive, to produce three-dimensional component according to a particular embodiment of the present invention a schematic representation of the topology optimization of a channel in a component; for example, an initial constant temperature gradient in the direction of construction (z-axis) of a rod-shaped component; for example, a rod-shaped component with orientation exactly in the direction of construction (z-axis); the rod-shaped component of Figure 8b at an angle cd to the horizontal; the rod-shaped component of Figure 8b at an angle a 2 to the horizontal, with c> a 2 ; a schematic representation of the topology optimization of the component of Figure 8c; schematic representations (top) and examples (bottom) for a topology optimization of the components according to the components in Figures 8b - 8d; Figure Ii is a schematic representation of the topology optimization of a component in order to reduce a support structure;
  • FIG. 12 shows the component of FIG. 1 with, by way of example, a reduced support structure
  • FIG. 13 shows, by way of example, a schematic representation of topology optimization for the purpose of designing and optimizing a support structure
  • Figure 14 shows two examples of topology optimization for design
  • FIG. 15 shows, by way of example, a schematic representation of topology optimization for
  • the local heat dissipation capability characterizes the ability of a particular device area to remove the heat.
  • the heat dissipation capability D (“dissipation") of the component layer is defined as the integral of the heat flow q over the surface s (FIG. 1):
  • the local heat dissipation capability can be calculated from the heat equation:
  • Q is the power of the heat source in volume V
  • c is the heat capacity
  • p is the density
  • ⁇ is the time.
  • the local heat dissipation capability D loc is then defined as follows: dT
  • the local heat dissipation capability depends not only on the material properties (heat conduction, heat capacity, density) and heat input. It is also affected by the boundary conditions, such. As the local component geometry, strongly influenced.
  • the local component geometry is also taken into account.
  • This representation of the local heat dissipation capability allows a simple determination of the ability of a particular point to dissipate the heat at a given time.
  • ⁇ is the change of the enthalpy in the time interval from o to ⁇ .
  • the local thermal conductivity can be characterized by the change in temperature:
  • the two representations of the local heat dissipation capability can be easily determined by calculating the temperature field (thermal calculation).
  • the heat in an additive process is normally removed mainly downwards, from a generated component layer into the interior of the component.
  • the value of local heat dissipation capability indirectly indicates the amount of "cold" consolidated material below the particular point of the device layer, the more "cold" material mass is below a particular point of a device layer, the higher the value of local heat dissipation capability , Calculation method for determining local heat dissipation capability
  • the thermal simulations for determining the local heat dissipation capability can be performed with all numerical methods for the solution of the partial heat equation, such. For example, the finite element method or the finite difference method.
  • the determination of the local heat dissipation capability can be faster.
  • an artificial temperature distribution with the temperature rising in the direction of construction and a constant temperature gradient, is used as the initial condition.
  • Such an initial condition mimics the temperature distribution in the real building process.
  • the heat flow at the beginning of the calculation takes place exclusively downwards (in the Z direction).
  • an "artificial" temperature distribution with increasing temperature in the direction of construction is used.
  • the initial temperature gradients T in the x and y directions are used as zero (see Figure 2a; with a channel 12):
  • a particularly effective variant of the abovementioned initial condition represents a constant temperature gradient in the direction of construction (see FIG. 3b):
  • the constant initial temperature gradient in the assembly direction predefined for each point of the component and therefore also for each component layer, has the same zero value of the local heat dissipation capability:
  • the zero value of the local heat dissipation capability for each point of the device provides a convenient starting point to represent subsequent changes in local heat dissipation capability at each component point.
  • FIG. 3 shows the initial distribution of the isotherms in a component 10 with a channel 12.
  • a zero value of the temperature gradient transversely to the mounting direction leads to the formation of flat isolines (Ti Tj. Ti%) Of the temperature field.
  • the initial temperature distribution is simply assumed.
  • both simplified solutions such as a fast 1- or 2-dimensional calculation of the Temperature field used in the construction process as well as experimental measurements.
  • ⁇ can be, for example, the time from which nothing ceases as a result of the calculation or not much changes, that is, a stationary or near-steady state is reached.
  • boundary conditions can also be defined. Some particularly advantageous boundary conditions should be mentioned separately:
  • the heat flow at the top C [(top) and at the bottom Q (bottom) is constant and corresponds to the given initial constant temperature gradient grad (T (x, y, z, o)) in the component:
  • the other edges of the component are thermally insulated, which means that the temporal heat flow always has a zero value.
  • the initial local heat dissipation capability has a zero value at each point in the calculation area (justification given above).
  • this constraint ensures a flow of the same amount of energy through the entire computation area.
  • This variant of the boundary conditions is particularly suitable for determining the local heat dissipation capability in local areas of the component.
  • Such local calculations for example, examine the heat build-up in the vicinity of a channel or defect, such as a pore or other undesirable void.
  • the local calculations of this kind can find an application in the context of a monitoring system (see below).
  • a full thermal isolation of the entire calculation area represents a variant of the boundary conditions, which is very well suited for the determination of the local heat dissipation capability in the components (in the context of the so-called global calculations (thermal calculation of the whole component)). It may then be sufficient to calculate up to a first maximum of the temperature change (and not up to a stationary or almost stationary state).
  • the new method provides for a targeted local material adaptation (subtraction or addition) depending on the value of local heat dissipation capability (Figure 6).
  • the subtractive method variant may comprise the following steps: a first thermal calculation of the distribution of the local heat dissipation capability in the entire component 10,
  • Definition of the device area to be optimized e.g., areas having a negative local heat sink capability) based on a threshold of a desired local heat dissipation capability
  • this process repeats as soon as at any point (or point) of the optimized surface or in any point of the component (or in a particular point of the component) the value of local heat dissipation capability exceeds a predefined local threshold Heat dissipation capability exceeds.
  • the additive method may comprise the following steps: a first thermal calculation of the local heat dissipation capability distribution in the entire component 10,
  • Definition of the device area to be optimized e.g., regions having a positive local heat dissipation capability
  • a threshold of a desired local heat dissipation capability e.g., regions having a positive local heat dissipation capability
  • a particularly effective method of addition is to add the material to a surface which has been bounded by an isoline of local heat dissipation capability ( Figure 6, lower portion of the optimized cooling channel 12). The locally added amount of material can be calculated as a function of the value of local heat dissipation capability on that surface.
  • a combination of the two methods described above can be used very effectively at the same time, as has been illustrated in FIG. 6 using the example of optimizing a cooling channel 12.
  • the limits of the new channel geometry have a total of a higher heat dissipation capability in comparison with the limits of the old geometry.
  • the new drop-shaped geometry also has great advantages in terms of production by means of additive manufacturing. It is expected that less powder will be sintered in the upper part of the cooling channel. This avoids the danger that the cooling channels will be clogged completely or partially by the sintered powder.
  • the new teardrop-shaped geometry need not be provided with support structures or support structures, since almost all areas of the surface are oriented in the overhang at an angle of more than 45 ° to a building panel (not shown). In contrast, the original circular geometry would have to be supported, which would have a negative effect on the permeability of the cooling channel.
  • a further advantageous variant of the method is based on the optimization of the topology on the basis of the condition of the same integral heat dissipation capability. Normally, different heat flows through the different cross-sections of the components. A significant reduction in the mass of the components can be achieved by optimizing the components topologically so that over any cross-section always the same (or comparable) amount of heat is transported away.
  • the cross-sectional area is designed so that a following condition is met:
  • Dloc int is the local heat dissipation capability
  • A is the area of a cross section
  • DA is a limit
  • ADA is the tolerance range of the desired integral heat dissipation capability.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further particular embodiment of a method for simulation-based optimization of the shape of a three-dimensional component to be developed and later, in particular additive, to be produced.
  • a component 10 should have a channel 12.
  • the channel 12 has a circular cross-section.
  • the surface of the channel is identified by the reference numeral 13.
  • Simulation-based calculations have revealed that the device will have a base surface 17 with a high local heat dissipation capability and a surface 16 to support with a low local heat dissipation capability.
  • a connection or bridging from the surface 16 to the base surface 17 and thus better heat dissipation from the surface 16 is achieved.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 serve to illustrate a method for simulation-based optimization of the shape of a three-dimensional component to be developed and later, in particular additive, according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the component being geometrically identical but differently oriented in the construction space.
  • FIG. 8 a shows an initial, constant temperature gradient in the direction of construction (z-axis). This mimics the temperature gradient in the buildup process. It is the same for all three rod-shaped components shown in FIGS. 8b to 8d which are geometrically identical but differently oriented in the construction space.
  • the rod-shaped component 20 is oriented exactly in the direction of construction (z-axis).
  • the same component 20 is arranged with different orientations with regard to the construction direction or horizontal (angle cti and a 2 ).
  • the component 20 is an axisymmetric cylindrical rod.
  • the cross section of the rod-shaped member 20 will change depending on the orientation to the mounting direction or to the horizontal.
  • the surface 23 of the component is a region 26 with a low heat dissipation capability, a region 27 with a high heat dissipation capability, an axis of symmetry Xi or the orientation of the element Component 20, a projection xy a plane with orientation parallel to a build platform (not shown) or transverse to the mounting direction (z-axis) and a viewing plane Xi yi (see also Figure 10).
  • FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view (viewing plane) for the component 20 according to FIGS. 8b-8d above in FIG. 9) and the original round surface of the component 20 and, if present, a region 26 with a low heat dissipation capability and a region 27 with a high heat dissipation capability.
  • FIG. 10a relating to the component according to FIG. 8b
  • the topology does not change since the heat dissipation capability in cross section is the same everywhere.
  • a change in the topology in the cases shown in FIGS. 10b and 10c and relating to the component 20 according to FIGS. 8c and 8d is made by: an increase in volume in the region 27 of higher heat dissipation capability and a subtraction of the volume in the region 26 of low heat dissipation capability.
  • FIG. 11 a shows a rod-shaped, axisymmetric component 30 with a rod diameter d a and a conical surface 33 at the lower end of the component 30, the tip of the cone being oriented counter to the construction direction (z-axis). Since the surface 33 extends to the tip at an angle ct 3 to the z-axis (see Figure 11a) and the angle a 3 is greater than 45 degrees, the surface 33 must be supported (see also supporting elements 35 in Figure 12a).
  • Figure 11a additionally shows a region 36 with a low heat dissipation capability.
  • a heat accumulation with the lowest heat dissipation capability forms just at the tip of the cone.
  • FIG. 11b shows a new surface 34 of the component 30 after a topology optimization according to a particular embodiment of the present invention.
  • the topology is changed by addition of volume in the low heat dissipation capability region 36. In this case, more volumes are added at local points where the heat dissipation capability is lower. This results in the new surface 34.
  • This surface 34 must be less supported compared to the initial surface 33, since in a large part of the new surface 34, the angle ⁇ between a tangent to the new surface 34 and the mounting direction (z-axis) is more than 45 degrees.
  • FIG. 12 shows a non-optimized (see FIG. 12a) and an optimized (see FIG. 12b) component 30 from FIG. 11 with corresponding support elements 35.
  • FIG. 12b fewer support elements are required than in the case shown in FIG. 12a.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 serve to illustrate examples of a thermal topology optimization for an additive buildup process for the purpose of designing and optimizing a support structure.
  • FIG. 13 shows a side view (FIG. 13a) and a front view (FIG. 13b) of a component 40 and isolines 48 of the local heat dissipation capability Di n t loc .
  • a low heat dissipation capability region 46 and a high heat dissipation capability region 47, and a build platform 41 are also shown.
  • support elements 45 are designed by connecting the region 46 with a low heat dissipation capability (see FIG. 13) and a region 47 with a high heat dissipation capability (see FIG. 13) by means of plate-shaped support elements 45.
  • the support elements 45 are optimized by subtracting a volume from the region 47 having a higher heat dissipation capability. In this case, the volume of the support elements 45 is reduced from bottom to top.
  • the final geometry results from a condition that the heat dissipation capability on the supported surface 42 is greater than a critical threshold Cthr (threshold).
  • Cthr critical threshold
  • the isoline 48 shown in FIG. 14 c represents the course of this boundary in the support element 45.
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of a thermal topology optimization for the design of conformal cooling in a tool for better dissipation of the heat.
  • a component 50 which is for example a lower part of a tool, is formed radially symmetrically with an inner diameter d, n and an outer diameter ct.
  • the component 50 has a surface 52 which is to be cooled.
  • Reference numeral 53 denotes the initial geometry of the conformal cooling channels 53.
  • the cooling channels extend radially symmetrically about an axis m and thus form rings close to the surface 52.
  • Reference numeral 54 in FIG. 15b denotes a new, optimized geometry of the cooling channels. Both in the figure 15a and in the figure 15b, the thermal load (heat flows) q ra d, qaxiai are shown on the surface 52. These, on the surface of the tool during its use resulting heat flows are to be removed via the cooling channels.
  • the new cooling channels have been obtained by means of thermal topology optimization.
  • the method can be analogous to the method according to FIG.
  • the initially round cross-sectional geometry of the cooling channels will be transformed into the geometry of a "falling droplet.”
  • FIG. 6 where the heat came exclusively from above and had to be conducted further down, in this case it comes from different directions from the surface 52. Accordingly, the orientation of the "falling droplets" changes.
  • the tips rotate in the direction of the heat source, that is, the surface 52 to be cooled.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'optimisation sur la base de simulations de la forme d'un composant tridimensionnel à développer et à fabriquer ultérieurement, en particulier de manière additive. En particulier, l'invention concerne un procédé d'optimisation automatisée de la topologie de composant au moyen d'une dissipation thermique améliorée. L'invention prévoit qu'en partant d'une forme initiale du composant à développer, la forme est optimisée de manière itérative par addition et/ou soustraction de volumes de composant sur des emplacements locaux du composant à l'aide de valeurs déterminées sur la base de simulations de la capacité locale à dissiper la chaleur ou d'une fonction de ces dernières lors de la fabrication et/ou lors de l'utilisation du composant développé.
PCT/EP2018/000306 2017-06-20 2018-06-12 Procédé d'optimisation sur la base de simulations de la forme d'un composant tridimensionnel à développer et à fabriquer ultérieurement, en particulier de manière additive Ceased WO2018233867A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017113483.2 2017-06-20
DE102017113483.2A DE102017113483A1 (de) 2017-06-20 2017-06-20 Verfahren zur simulationsbasierten Optimierung der Gestalt eines zu entwickelnden und später, insbesondere additiv, herzustellenden dreidimensionalen Bauteils

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018233867A1 true WO2018233867A1 (fr) 2018-12-27
WO2018233867A8 WO2018233867A8 (fr) 2019-03-14

Family

ID=62814981

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/000306 Ceased WO2018233867A1 (fr) 2017-06-20 2018-06-12 Procédé d'optimisation sur la base de simulations de la forme d'un composant tridimensionnel à développer et à fabriquer ultérieurement, en particulier de manière additive

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102017113483A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018233867A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11465361B2 (en) 2020-03-27 2022-10-11 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Systems, methods, and media for controlling support structures and build orientation in manufacturing

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Heat Exchangers - Design, Experiment and Simulation", 27 April 2017, INTECH, ISBN: 978-953-51-3094-9, article MARK CHRISTIAN E. MANUEL ET AL: "Heat Exchanger Design with Topology Optimization", XP055505699, DOI: 10.5772/66961 *
ERCAN M. DEDE ET AL: "Topology Optimization, Additive Layer Manufacturing, and Experimental Testing of an Air-Cooled Heat Sink", JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN, vol. 137, no. 11, 12 October 2015 (2015-10-12), US, pages 111403, XP055505600, ISSN: 1050-0472, DOI: 10.1115/1.4030989 *
TONI A. KROL ET AL: "Computational-Efficient Design of Support Structures and Material Modeling for Metal-Based Additive Manufacturing", ANSYS CONFERENCE & 29TH CADFEM USERS' MEETING 2011 OCTOBER 19-21, 2011 - ICS INTERNATIONALES CONGRESSCENTER STUTTGART, GERMANY, 21 October 2011 (2011-10-21), pages 1 - 12, XP055505952, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:www.cae-wiki.info/wikiplus/images/e/e4/UM2011-2.2.12.pdf> [retrieved on 20180910] *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11465361B2 (en) 2020-03-27 2022-10-11 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Systems, methods, and media for controlling support structures and build orientation in manufacturing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2018233867A8 (fr) 2019-03-14
DE102017113483A1 (de) 2018-12-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3606756B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication additive d&#39;un composant tridimensionnel
WO2018233866A1 (fr) Procédé pour la fabrication additive d&#39;au moins une pièce, structure support ou élément d&#39;une structure support, pièce la ou le comprenant et installation pour la réalisation d&#39;un tel procédé
DE102007039035B3 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteils sowie Verwendung des nach dem Verfahren hergestellten Bauteils
DE102016120998A1 (de) Verfahren zur simulationsbasierten Erkennung thermisch kritischer Bauteilbereiche und Verfahren zur bauteilspezifischen Anpassung einer lokalen Wärmegenerierung bei der additiven Herstellung
EP3331688B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication d&#39;un objet tridimensionnel
DE102013203938A1 (de) Generatives Schichtaufbauverfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Objekts und dreidimensionales Objekt
EP3349928B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de fabrication additive
DE102012109262A1 (de) Verfahren zur Stabilisierung eines Pulverbetts mittels Unterdruck für die additive Fertigung
DE102015001480A1 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts durch aufeinander folgendes Verfestigen von Schichten
EP3414036B1 (fr) Procédé de détermination de l&#39;orientation d&#39;un article fabriqué par procédé additif et moyen de lecture informatique
EP4377034A1 (fr) Génération de valeurs de variables de processus optimisées et données de commande pour un procédé de fabrication additive
WO2019154572A1 (fr) Procédé d&#39;irradiation sélective d&#39;une couche de matériau, procédé de fabrication et produit programme informatique
DE102011121568B4 (de) Verfahren und Herstellung von dreidimensionalen Objekten durch aufeinanderfolgendes Verfestigen von Schichten eines pulverförmigen Aufbaumaterials
WO2018091217A1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication additive avec enlèvement sélectif de matériau
WO2017194274A1 (fr) Dispositif présentant une trémie pour la fabrication additive
DE102017201084A1 (de) Verfahren zur additiven Herstellung und Beschichtungsvorrichtung
WO2018184725A1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication additive d&#39;un composant tridimensionnel et procédé pour calculer une stratégie de balayage pour permettre la commande correspondante d&#39;une installation de fabrication additive d&#39;un composant tridimensionnel
WO2018233867A1 (fr) Procédé d&#39;optimisation sur la base de simulations de la forme d&#39;un composant tridimensionnel à développer et à fabriquer ultérieurement, en particulier de manière additive
EP3222372A1 (fr) Procede de fabrication additive d&#39;un composant comprenant plusieurs materiaux et composant
EP3921132B1 (fr) Bloc de lamelles pour un dispositif d&#39;étalonnage
WO2019072505A1 (fr) Moule
DE102021105991A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Bauteils
EP3687757B1 (fr) Moule de traitement de particules de matière plastique expansibles et/ou pré-expansées
DE102021117969A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils aus mindestens zwei Materialien, Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens und Bauteil
DE202017005819U1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen einer Pulvermenge zur generativen Herstellung

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18736791

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18736791

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1