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WO2018228806A1 - Procédé et dispositif de chargement d'une cellule de stockage d'énergie électrochimique rechargeable - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de chargement d'une cellule de stockage d'énergie électrochimique rechargeable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018228806A1
WO2018228806A1 PCT/EP2018/063880 EP2018063880W WO2018228806A1 WO 2018228806 A1 WO2018228806 A1 WO 2018228806A1 EP 2018063880 W EP2018063880 W EP 2018063880W WO 2018228806 A1 WO2018228806 A1 WO 2018228806A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
cell
storage cell
anode
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2018/063880
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johannes Sieg
Jochen Bandlow
Bernd Spier
Jochen Siehr
Frieder STOEHR
Daniel Dragicevic
Torben Materna
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
Daimler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler AG filed Critical Daimler AG
Publication of WO2018228806A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018228806A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for charging a rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cell.
  • Energy storage cells used for the battery packs that serve as electrical energy storage for the drive train.
  • Lithium-ion battery cells are known to comprise a negative electrode (anode), a positive electrode (cathode), a lithium ion permeable separator disposed between the anode and cathode, and a liquid electrolyte.
  • the anode and the cathode are each further electrically connected to a current conductor.
  • the anode and the cathode of a lithium-ion battery cell each consist of or contain active material.
  • active material lithium ions intercalate into the active anode material; during the discharge process, the lithium ions deintercalate again.
  • the active cathode material the opposite action takes place.
  • Electrodes are often referred to as intercalation electrodes.
  • the cathode is often a mixed oxide.
  • Lithium plating leads to an increased degradation of the battery cell (if that
  • metallic lithium reacts with the electrolyte or loses electrical contact, it is no longer available for further charging and discharging; only if the metallic lithium is still electrically connected, it can continue to intercalate or re-oxidize during discharge) and it is also discussed in the literature, an impact on the safety of the battery cell. For these reasons, lithium plating must be avoided when charging a lithium-ion battery cell.
  • the charging current strength map is determined in advance experimentally or simulatively. As an application, a full charge was chosen.
  • the maximum charge state permitted by the system with the maximum charge current determined according to this disclosure maximizes the lithium ion concentration gradients in the active material and in the electrolyte. For this reason, the full charge of a battery cell from the lowest to the highest state of charge is the most critical application.
  • the battery In motor vehicles with a (partial) electric drive train, the battery is not only charged via the mains, but it is also when driving
  • the battery cells are thus briefly recharged while driving, usually after a discharge phase (positive acceleration and holding the speed) (during a braking operation or a negative acceleration).
  • electrochemical energy storage cell can be charged with a maximum, not to lithium plating leading performance, both in the driving and in the
  • the proposed electrochemical energy storage cell (battery cell) with an anode and a cathode, wherein during the charging process, an electric charging current (/) is fed into the energy storage cell.
  • the method is characterized in that the electrical charging current (/) is regulated by means of a cell model such that the cell voltage (U ceU (t)) is less than or equal to the (metal ion) concentration- dependent electrochemical potential of the cathode based on the electrochemical potential of the metal reference electrode (0j (x pos , t) vs. Me / Me n + ) to avoid an electrochemical reaction at the anode.
  • the method is characterized in particular by the fact that a rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cell (battery cell) with a maximum, not leading to increased damage by deposition of metallic lithium on the surface of the particles of the anode (lithium plating) leading load in driving and mains operation can be, without this, a calculation of the anode potential is required.
  • recuperative charging pulse can thus be selected to be higher than the charging current intensity map according to the published patent application DE 10 201 6 007 479 A1 would allow for the same (local) state of charge and the same (local) temperature.
  • a suitable (digital) computing device is to be provided with (a) memory device (s) in order to provide the parameters necessary for the respective model used.
  • the electrical charging current (I) is regulated by means of a cell model such that the cell voltage ( is less than or equal to the sum (U C h (t)) that is formed from the
  • concentration-dependent electrochemical potential of the cathode based on the electrochemical potential of the metal reference electrode vs. Me / Me n + ) and at least one other addend, which represents an overvoltage, preferably the reaction overvoltage at the cathode ⁇ + (x pos , t)) and / or the
  • the calculation of the voltage quantities by the cell model (in addition to the cell current) is performed as a
  • Input a vector with at least one measured temperature (7) of the rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cell, optionally with an
  • the temperature (7) is not homogeneous due to the cell design and / or cooling, but there are warmer and colder areas. Due to the strongly temperature-dependent electrical and ionic conductivities of the materials installed in a battery cell, it follows that the current density in a battery cell is likewise not homogeneous. This results in different states of charge within the battery cell. The method should therefore be carried out in an advantageous manner taking into account the local charge states and the current density distribution.
  • the method can advantageously be carried out using at least one simplifying model approach, for example when carrying out the method in a motor vehicle.
  • Simplifying model approaches are known to the person skilled in the art and are encompassed by the present invention.
  • the charging current is determined in accordance with the above disclosed method according to the invention or one of its advantageous developments and additionally an empirically or simulatively determined parameter is subtracted from the cell voltage determined by the cell model in order to obtain a model error of the
  • the method is carried out with a rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cell which is only partially discharged;
  • the method is carried out with a lithium-ion energy storage cell
  • the method is carried out with a lithium-ion energy storage cell with a graphite anode;
  • the aging of the rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cell is tracked by an adaptation of the age-dependent model parameters over the service life of the rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cell;
  • Series connection of one or more parallel connected rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cells is performed, in particular with a battery with lithium-ion energy storage cells, preferably with a battery with lithium-ion energy storage cells, each containing a graphite anode.
  • an apparatus for charging a rechargeable electrochemical energy storage cell having an anode and a cathode the apparatus being characterized in that it is designed to regulate the charging current (/) by means of a cell model in such a way that the cell voltage (t / cell (t)) less than or equal to the concentration-dependent electrochemical potential of the cathode based on the electrochemical potential of the metal reference electrode ( ⁇ ( ⁇ 5 , t) vs. Me / Me n + ) in order to avoid an electrochemical reaction at the anode.
  • the device can also be set up in an advantageous manner to be able to carry out one of the advantageous developments of the method.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an exemplary device (of an exemplary control loop) for carrying out the method according to the invention or one of its advantageous developments.
  • the simplified model of the battery cell 6 consists of an anode 1 of length n , a separator 2 of length L Sep and a cathode 3 of length
  • the current conductors at the anode 1 and the cathode 3 are assumed to be ideally conducting and omitted in this approach.
  • the two electrodes 1, 3 are made of porous active material, so that there is at each location x in the electrodes 1, 3 and at any time t in the solid state the potential ⁇ 5 ( ⁇ , t) and im
  • Electrolytes the potential ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) is given. In the area of the separator 2, only the potential in the electrolyte ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) exists. All sizes in the anode 1 are identified for clarity with a superscript minus (eg. 0 s ⁇ (x, t)) and all sizes in the cathode 3 with a superscript Plus (eg, 0 s + (x, t)) , Furthermore, overvoltages will occur
  • Cover layers such as e.g. neglected the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) of the anode 1 and the influence of electrochemical double layers. These simplifications have no influence on the validity and feasibility of the solution according to the invention.
  • SEI solid electrolyte interphase
  • the cathode potential at the cathode particle and electrolyte interface at position x pos is calculated as:
  • ⁇ £ is the potential of the cathode material versus Li / Li + as a function of the concentration of lithium ions on the particle surface and ⁇ + the Reaction overvoltage for charge transfer. This is positive at the cathode 3 in the case of a charge of the battery cell 6.
  • the cell voltage of the battery cell 6 must therefore be controlled by a corresponding setting of the charging current such that it is less than or equal to the
  • concentration-dependent electrochemical potential of the cathode material based on the electrochemical potential of the metal reference electrode advantageously less than or equal to the concentration-dependent electrochemical potential of the cathode material based on the electrochemical potential of
  • Metal reference electrode plus at least one overvoltage in the illustrated example of the reaction overvoltage at the cathode 3 and / or
  • Control unit of a motor vehicle are calculated.
  • Graphite electrode is that the modeling of the diffusion in the graphite particles is significantly more complex than in the case of the present mixed on the cathode side mixed oxides.
  • ⁇ (x pos , t) can match the existing model approaches with a better
  • Accuracy can be calculated as the concentration-dependent electrochemical potential of the anode (ö (x, t), which is needed to calculate the anode potential ⁇ (. ⁇ > .
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically an exemplary device 4 (a control circuit 4) for
  • Carrying out the method according to the invention as can be used, for example, in a motor vehicle for the charging of a battery cell 6.
  • a maximum cell voltage L / ma x is specified by the manufacturer, which may not be exceeded during a charge of the battery cell 6. For this reason, the minimum (min) between this upper limit voltage U ma x and the quantity U ch (t) calculated by the cell model 7 must be formed in the vehicle. The result is a maximum nominal voltage.
  • the difference to the actual cell voltage is the input variable for a controller 5, which has a maximum charging current / ma x as manipulated variable as the output signal. This value can be reduced by a further minimum education (min) as the maximum charging current l ma x must be limited, for example, to prevent other damage mechanisms in addition to lithium plating.
  • the desired torque of the drive for speed reduction for example from the energy management system of the Motor vehicle is converted into a charging current, or limit the maximum charging current of the charger or the charging station.
  • the result is a maximum charging current with which the battery cell 6 can be charged without damaging lithium plating.
  • the method and the device 4 according to the present invention are also applicable to a direct parallel connection of a plurality of battery cells 6.
  • the cell model 7 in this case only the changed thermal and electrical
  • a maximum voltage U ch (t) must be calculated for each battery cell unit separately by a cell model 7, as described above.
  • the controller 5 must then ensure that no battery cell unit exceeds the maximum voltage due to an excessively high charging current.
  • Intercalation electrode are stored in the ions during charging, applicable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de chargement d'une cellule de stockage d'énergie électrochimique rechargeable (6) comportant une anode (1) et une cathode (3). Selon l'invention un courant de charge électrique (I) est injecté dans la cellule de stockage d'énergie (6) pendant le processus de chargement, le courant électrique (I) est réglé de sorte que la tension de la cellule (U cell(t))) est inférieure ou égale au potentiel électrochimique dépendant de la concentration de la cathode par rapport au potentiel électrochimique de l'électrode de référence métallique (ϕ+ (ϰpost) vs.Me/Men+) pour éviter une réaction électrochimique au niveau de l'anode (1). La présente invention concerne en outre un dispositif (4) destiné à la mise en œuvre du procédé.
PCT/EP2018/063880 2017-06-13 2018-05-28 Procédé et dispositif de chargement d'une cellule de stockage d'énergie électrochimique rechargeable Ceased WO2018228806A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017005595.5 2017-06-13
DE102017005595.5A DE102017005595A1 (de) 2017-06-13 2017-06-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laden einer wiederaufladbaren elektrochemischen Energiespeicherzelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018228806A1 true WO2018228806A1 (fr) 2018-12-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/063880 Ceased WO2018228806A1 (fr) 2017-06-13 2018-05-28 Procédé et dispositif de chargement d'une cellule de stockage d'énergie électrochimique rechargeable

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102017005595A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018228806A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109586373B (zh) * 2018-12-27 2024-05-17 华为技术有限公司 一种电池充电方法和装置
CN114174844B (zh) * 2019-08-30 2023-12-22 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 充电控制方法及装置、充电测试方法及系统、电子设备
DE102021108085A1 (de) 2021-03-30 2022-10-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Aufladen eines lithiumbasierten elektrischen Energiespeichers
CN114325391B (zh) * 2021-12-13 2024-08-16 株洲国创轨道科技有限公司 一种城轨车辆蓄电池组在线监测装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140002031A1 (en) * 2012-07-02 2014-01-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh System and Method for Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Improved Safety
US20140008976A1 (en) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-09 Bouziane Yebka Lithium-ion cell charge control
DE102015013286A1 (de) * 2015-10-13 2016-05-25 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Laden und Entladen eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers und Lade- und Entladevorrichtung
DE102016007479A1 (de) 2016-06-18 2017-02-09 Daimler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laden einer Batteriezelle und Verfahren zum Bereitstellen eines Ladestromstärkenkennfeldes

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140002031A1 (en) * 2012-07-02 2014-01-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh System and Method for Fast Charging of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Improved Safety
US20140008976A1 (en) * 2012-07-06 2014-01-09 Bouziane Yebka Lithium-ion cell charge control
DE102015013286A1 (de) * 2015-10-13 2016-05-25 Daimler Ag Verfahren zum Laden und Entladen eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers und Lade- und Entladevorrichtung
DE102016007479A1 (de) 2016-06-18 2017-02-09 Daimler Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Laden einer Batteriezelle und Verfahren zum Bereitstellen eines Ladestromstärkenkennfeldes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102017005595A1 (de) 2017-11-30

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