WO2018228140A1 - Method for preparing ferrotitanium alloy based on aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction and slagging refining - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for preparing a ferrotitanium alloy based on aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction and slagging refining, the method comprising: (1) carrying out aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction by means of a first method, wherein raw materials are divided into several batches, the first batch of materials is put into a reaction furnace and is ignited with a magnesium powder from the top of the materials so as to initiate a self-propagating reaction, and the other batches of materials are successively added until the reaction is complete; or carrying out aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction by means of a second method, wherein raw materials other than aluminum powder are mixed until uniform and added into a continuous mixer at a uniform flow rate, the aluminum powder is added into the continuous mixer at a flow rate decreasing at a gradient, and the uniformly mixed raw materials are simultaneously continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for an aluminothermic self-propagating reaction until all the materials are completely reacted; (2) smelting by means of maintaining a temperature to obtain an upper layer of an aluminum oxide-based slag and a lower layer of an alloy melt; (3) spraying a refining slag material into the lower layer of alloy melt for stirred slagging refining; and (4) cooling the refined high-temperature melt to room temperature, and removing the upper layer of slag to obtain the ferrotitanium alloy.

Description

Method for preparing titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagation gradient reduction and slag washing refining Technical field

The invention relates to a method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy, in particular to a method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagation gradient reduction and slag washing refining.

Background technique

The addition of various metals and non-metallic elements in the steelmaking process creates special steels of various properties. However, since titanium has a low specific gravity (only 4.5 g/ml), a high melting point (up to 1690 ° C), and is easily oxidized, it is easy to add titanium directly to the molten steel surface to burn off most of the steel surface. The loss is extremely large, and it is difficult to control. There are also a series of problems in the process of making a single metal metal, the production cost is high, and the price is expensive. Therefore, titanium is not suitable for being directly added to the molten steel in the pure metal state during steel making. To this end, metallurgists have studied the production of titanium and iron alloys, so that titanium is added to the molten steel in the form of alloys, becoming an important material in the steel industry. Titanium iron is one of the largest binary iron alloys currently used in ferroalloys.

Titanium iron has a low melting point (1070 ~ 1130 ° C) and so on, so it can be used as an additive for special steel. It is also widely used in the manufacture of high-grade steel, special alloys, hydrogen storage alloy materials and electrode coatings. At present, the methods for preparing the ferrotitanium alloy mainly include a remelting method and a metal thermal reduction method (mainly an aluminothermic method outside the furnace). The remelting method uses waste titanium material as the main raw material, iron is added during the batching, remelting, casting, and slag removal in an intermediate frequency electric furnace or medium frequency induction furnace to prepare a ferrotitanium alloy ingot. The preparation of ferrotitanium by remelting has the advantages of low oxygen content and excellent comprehensive performance in the alloy. However, due to the limitation of the source of waste titanium raw materials, the production cost of this method is extremely high, and it is difficult to meet the market demand. The metal thermal reduction method is mainly composed of rutile or high titanium slag, aluminum powder as the main reducing agent, CaO, CaF ₂ and the like as slagging agent, and KClO ₃ as the heating agent to prepare ferrotitanium. The method has the advantages of wide source of raw materials, low price, low energy consumption and low production cost, but the prepared titanium ferrite content is too high (more than 12.0%), and can not meet the market demand. The Chinese patent "a method for preparing ferrotitanium by stepwise metal thermal reduction (201010514572.3)" proposes that the aluminum of the reducing agent in the one-step aluminothermic reduction smelting stage is 85% to 90% according to the theoretical amount, and the actual amount is in an insufficient state. This is beneficial to reduce the aluminum residual amount in the alloy, and combines two-step reduction refining to deoxidize to prepare a low-aluminum and low-oxygen ferrotitanium alloy. The Chinese patent "a method for preparing high-quality ferrotitan based on liquid aluminum thermal reduction (200810230203.4)" and "a method for preparing high-quality ferrotitan based on aluminothermic reduction-vacuum induction melting (ZL200710011614.X)" respectively proposes the use of liquid aluminum Deoxidation by means of heat-strengthening reduction and vacuum refining has achieved a better strengthening reduction effect, and the oxygen content is controlled below 2.0% to 1.0%. The Chinese patent "A method for preparing ferrotitanium alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagation-injection deep reduction (CN 104131128 A)" proposes that a low-aluminum high-temperature melt is obtained by self-propagation of aluminum when the reducing agent aluminum is insufficient; Low-oxygen and low-aluminum ferrotitanium alloy was prepared by spraying high-temperature calcium or magnesium high-temperature steam for deep reduction and deoxidation. However, these patents have problems such as incomplete reduction of TiO ₂ and low recovery of titanium. Based on these problems, the present invention proposes a new method for preparing ferrotitanium alloy by using rutile or high titanium slag as raw material and aluminum thermal reduction-slag washing refining.

Summary of the invention

In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining, using rutile or high titanium slag, aluminum powder as a starting material, and adopting a gradient feeding method. Aluminothermic self-propagating reaction is carried out to obtain a high-temperature melt, and then the alkalinity and melting point of the slag are adjusted by adding a high alkalinity refining slag to the high-temperature melt, and slag washing and refining is performed, and the upper smelting slag is removed after cooling to obtain low-oxygen low-aluminum Titanium iron alloy. The technical solution of the present invention is:

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction, in one of two ways:

In the first way, the raw materials rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ , slag forming agent are divided into several batches, and the first batch of materials is put into the reaction furnace, and the magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to induce self-propagation. Reaction, adding other batch materials gradually until the reaction is completely obtained high-temperature melt, wherein the aluminum content of each batch of materials is gradually decreased from 0.9-1.3 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction to 0.9-0.7 times, and The total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.92 to 0.99 times the stoichiometric ratio of the thermal self-propagation reaction of aluminum;

In the second method, the raw materials rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, KClO ₃ , and slag forming agent are uniformly mixed, and are added to the continuous mixer at a uniform flow rate, and the aluminum powder is added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate. The mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for self-propagation reaction of the aluminum heat, and the entire mixing process and the whole reaction process are not interrupted until all the materials are completely reacted to obtain a high-temperature melt.

The amount of aluminum in the continuous material introduced into the reaction furnace is gradually decreased from 1.1 to 1.3 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the thermal self-propagation reaction of aluminum to 0.9 to 0.7 times, and the number n of the gradient of the aluminum content in the whole process satisfies the relationship: n=(bc)/a, where b represents the highest aluminum content, c represents the lowest aluminum content, a represents the aluminum alloy gradient change coefficient, and 0<a≤0.05; the total aluminum content of the raw material is the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction The theoretical stoichiometry is 0.92 to 0.99 times;

(2) heat-smelting the high-temperature melt by electromagnetic induction heating to obtain an upper alumina-based slag and a lower alloy melt;

(3) injecting the refining slag into the lower alloy melt, and performing the stirring slag washing and refining;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

Further, the mass ratio of the raw material rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ , and slagging agent in the step (1) is 1.0: (0.24 to 2.37): (0.56 to 1.23): (0) ～0.23):(0.15～1.0), the particle size respectively satisfy: the rutile particle size ≤3mm, the Fe ₂ O ₃ powder particle size ≤0.2mm, the aluminum powder particle size ≤2mm, the KClO ₃ particle size ≤2mm, The slag forming agent has a particle size of ≤ 0.2 mm.

Further, the number of several batches in the step (1) is ≥4.

Further, the weight of the first batch of materials in the step (1) is 10 to 30% of the total amount of the materials.

Further, the control parameters of the heat preservation smelting in the step (2) are: an electromagnetic induction frequency ≥ 1000 Hz, a melting temperature of 1700 to 1800 ° C, and a holding time of 5 to 15 min.

Further, the step (3) in the refining slag is in one of two: ① the mass ratio of 10 to 25% of CaF _2, the balance being CaO; ② a mass ratio of 10 to 25% of CaF _2, 5 to 10% of Na ₂ O, the balance being CaO.

Further, the control parameter of the stirring slag refining in the step (3) is: using eccentric stirring, the eccentricity is 0.2 to 0.4, and the adding amount of the refining slag is 2 to 8% of the total amount of the raw materials, and the purity is ≥99.95%. The inert gas is a carrier gas, the stirring rate is 50-150 rpm, the refining temperature is 1700-1800 ° C, and the refining time is 10-30 min.

Further, the rutile in the step (1) may be replaced by a high titanium slag or a mixture of rutile and high titanium slag.

Further, the content of TiO _{2 in} the high titanium slag and the rutile is ≥92%.

Further, the chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy according to the mass percentage is: Ti 25.0-75.0%, Al≤3.0%, Si≤2.0%, S≤0.03%, O≤1.0%, C≤0.1%, P≤ 0.04%, Mn ≤ 1.0%, and the balance is Fe.

The beneficial effects of the invention are:

1. The invention adopts aluminum self-propagation of the first batch material with higher theoretical aluminum stoichiometric ratio than the thermal self-propagation reaction of aluminum, and obtains a high temperature high temperature melt, which is favorable for the subsequent low aluminum compound material. The reaction is initiated; at the same time, the aluminum ratio of the front high and the low ensures that the melt is in a strong reducing atmosphere, thereby ensuring the complete reduction of the metal oxide; and, by gradually reducing the aluminum coefficient, the melting can be effectively ensured. The aluminum remaining in the alloy in combination with iron and titanium is gradually released, and gradually reacts with the titanium and iron oxides in the subsequently added low aluminum coefficient material, thereby effectively reducing the aluminum residue in the final product; The more batches or the smaller the continuous feeding aluminum coefficient reduction gradient, the lower the aluminum residual amount.

2. The invention further refines and refines by stirring slag, and adjusts the alkalinity and melting point of the slag by using the added refining slag to realize the thorough reaction of the slag gold interface chemical reaction and the gold slag separation, thereby effectively removing the inclusions such as alumina; At the same time, the thermal insulation smelting process makes full use of the system reaction heat, which can greatly reduce the energy consumption of the production process. In addition, the present invention uses electromagnetic induction heating to perform thermal insulation smelting before stirring slag washing and refining to form an upper alumina-based slag layer and a lower alloy melt layer, which can effectively strengthen the gold slag separation process.

3. The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy obtained by the invention according to the mass percentage is: Ti 25.0-75.0%, Al≤3.0%, Si≤2.0%, S≤0.03%, O≤1.0%, C≤0.1%,P ≤0.04%, Mn≤1.0%, the balance is Fe, wherein the titanium recovery rate is high, and the aluminum and oxygen residual amounts are low.

detailed description

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, and are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.

The invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive.

Example 1

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder and slagging agent CaO, the ratio is 1.0: 1.46: 0.92: 0.19, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤ ₃ mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2 mm; aluminum powder Particle size ≤ 2mm; slag granule size ≤ 0.2mm; the material is divided into 5 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is 1.20, 1.05, 1.0, 0.90, 0.85 times of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminothermic self-propagation reaction, and the total raw materials The aluminum content is 0.96 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 20% of the total material amount; the first batch of materials is put into the reaction furnace, and the magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to induce Self-propagating reaction, adding other batch materials one after another until the reaction is completely obtained with high temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1800°C, holding time 15min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 90% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 2% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 50 rpm, eccentricity is 0.21, refining temperature is 1800 ° C, refining time 10 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the ferrotitanium alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 34.2%, Al 2.4%, Si 1.8%, S 0.03%, O 0.8%, C 0.1%, P 0.04%, Mn 0.6%, The balance is Fe.

Example 2

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder and slagging agent CaO, the ratio is 1.0:1.6:0.98:0.23, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤0.2mm; aluminum powder Particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; the material is divided into 6 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is 1.20, 1.1, 0.95, 0.90, 0.85, 0.80 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the aluminothermic self-propagation reaction, and The total aluminum content of raw materials is 0.94 times of the theoretical chemical dose ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction. The weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 28.6% of the total material volume; the first batch of materials is put into the reaction furnace, and the magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material. In order to initiate the self-propagating reaction, other batch materials are successively added until the reaction is completely obtained with a high temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1750°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt, and the slag washing and refining is carried out; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 20% CaF ₂ , 80% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag is 5% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.28, refining temperature is 1750 °C, refining time 20min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 33.8%, Al 2.2%, Si 1.6%, S 0.02%, O 0.7%, C 0.05%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

Example 3

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder and slagging agent CaO, the ratio is 1.0: 1.72: 1.04: 0.38, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤ ₃ mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2 mm; aluminum powder Particle size ≤ 2mm; slag granule size ≤ 0.2mm; the material is divided into 7 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is 1.20, 1.1, 1.0, 0.95, 0.925, 0.90, 0.875 of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminothermic self-propagation reaction. 0.85 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.95 times of the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 22.2% of the total material amount; the first batch of materials is put into the reaction furnace to the magnesium powder. Ignite from the top of the material to initiate the self-propagating reaction, and gradually add other batch materials until the reaction is completely high-temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 5min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 25% CaF ₂ , 75% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 7% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 150 rpm, eccentricity is 0.35, refining temperature is 1700 ° C, refining time 30min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the ferrotitanium alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 32.5%, Al 1.7%, Si 1.2%, S 0.02%, O 0.5%, C 0.02%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.5%, The balance is Fe.

Example 4

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the ratio of high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder and slagging agent CaO, the particle size is 1.0:1.85:1.16:0.41, and their particle sizes are respectively satisfied: high titanium slag ≤ 3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2 Mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; the raw material high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, slag forming agent are uniformly mixed, added to the continuous mixer at a uniform flow rate, and the aluminum powder is The gradient decreasing flow rate is added to the continuous mixer, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the entire mixing process and the entire reaction process are not interrupted until all the materials are completely reacted to obtain a high-temperature melt. The amount of aluminum in the continuous material introduced into the reaction furnace is decreased from the 1.28 times gradient of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the aluminothermic self-propagation reaction to 0.7 times, and the gradient coefficient a is 0.005. 116 times, and the total aluminum content of raw materials is 0.98 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1750°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 85% CaO, 5% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 5% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.32, refining temperature 1750 ° C, refining time is 20 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the ferrotitanium alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 29.8%, Al 2.1%, Si 1.0%, S 0.03%, O 0.6%, C 0.02%, P 0.03%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

Example 5

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the ratio of high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder and slagging agent CaO, the particle size is 1.0:1.96:1.20:0.46, and their particle sizes are respectively satisfied: high titanium slag ≤ 3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2 Mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; the raw material high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, slag forming agent are uniformly mixed, added to the continuous mixer at a uniform flow rate, and the aluminum powder is The gradient decreasing flow rate is added to the continuous mixer, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the entire mixing process and the entire reaction process are not interrupted until all the materials are completely reacted to obtain a high-temperature melt. The amount of aluminum in the continuous material introduced into the reaction furnace is decreased from 1.26 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction to 0.7 times, the gradient coefficient a is 0.004, and the number of times of the aluminum content gradient change is 140 times, and the total aluminum content of raw materials is 0.96 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 80% CaO, 10% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 5% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.30, refining temperature 1700 ° C, refining time is 20 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 28.2%, Al 1.8%, Si 0.6%, S 0.04%, O 0.7%, C 0.03%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.9%, The balance is Fe.

Example 6

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the high titanium slag and rutile mixture, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, slag agent CaO mass ratio of 1.0:2.15:1.20:0.65, wherein high titanium slag and rutile are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1, their The particle size is respectively satisfied: mixture of high titanium slag and rutile ≤ 3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; slag granule size ≤ 0.2mm; raw material high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, The slag agent is uniformly mixed and added to the continuous mixer at a uniform flow rate. At the same time, the aluminum powder is added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction. The mixing process and the whole reaction process are not interrupted until all the materials are completely reacted to obtain a high-temperature melt; wherein the amount of aluminum added to the continuous material in the reaction furnace is decreased by 1.21 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the thermal self-propagation reaction of aluminum. Up to 0.72 times, the gradient coefficient of variation a is 0.001, the number of times of the aluminum content gradient change is 490 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw material is 0.93 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 15min, and the gold slag is separated to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 20% CaF ₂ , 75% CaO, 5% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 8% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.4, refining temperature 1700 ° C, refining time is 30 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 26.6%, Al 0.8%, Si 1.4%, S 0.02%, O 0.4%, C 0.03%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

Example 7

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the ratio of high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the particle size is 1.0:0.95:0.75:0.06:0.25, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: high titanium slag ≤ 3 mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤2mm; slag agent particle size ≤0.2mm; the material is divided into 5 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction 1.20, 1.05, 1.0, 0.90, 0.85 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.98 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 20% of the total material amount; The material is put into the reaction furnace, and the magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to initiate the self-propagation reaction, and other batch materials are successively added until the reaction completely obtains the high-temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1800°C, holding time 15min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 90% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 2% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 50 rpm, eccentricity is 0.35, refining temperature is 1800 ° C, refining time 10 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 44.2%, Al 2.3%, Si 1.8%, S 0.03%, O 0.5%, C 0.1%, P 0.04%, Mn 0.6%, The balance is Fe.

Example 8

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the particle size is 1.0:0.98:0.788:0.08:0.18, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; the material is divided into 6 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is 1.20, 1.1 of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction. , 0.95, 0.90, 0.85, 0.80 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.93 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 28.6% of the total material amount; In the reaction furnace, magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to initiate a self-propagating reaction, and other batch materials are successively added until the reaction completely obtains a high-temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1750°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt, and the slag washing and refining is carried out; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 20% CaF ₂ , 80% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 5% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.4, refining temperature is 1750 ° C, refining time 20min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 43.8%, Al 2.0%, Si 1.6%, S 0.02%, O 0.43%, C 0.05%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

Example 9

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the ratio of the mixture is 1.0: 1.16: 0.92: 0.02: 0.28, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤ ₃ mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; the material is divided into 8 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is 1.20, 1.1 of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction. 1.0, 0.95, 0.925, 0.90, 0.875, 0.85 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.92 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 22.2% of the total material amount; The batch material is put into the reaction furnace, and the magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to initiate the self-propagation reaction, and the other batch materials are successively added until the reaction completely obtains the high-temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 5min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 25% CaF ₂ , 75% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 7% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 150 rpm, eccentricity is 0.4, refining temperature is 1700 ° C, refining time 30min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the ferrotitanium alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 42.8%, Al 1.6%, Si 1.2%, S 0.02%, O 0.35%, C 0.02%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.5%, The balance is Fe.

Example 10

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the ratio of 1.0:1.24:0.83:0.01:0.32, their particle size respectively satisfy: rutile ≤3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; raw materials rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, KClO ₃ , slag forming agent are evenly mixed, added to the continuous mixing at a uniform flow rate In the machine, the aluminum powder is simultaneously added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the entire mixing process and the entire reaction process are not interrupted until all After the material is completely reacted, a high-temperature melt is obtained; wherein the amount of aluminum added to the continuous material in the reaction furnace is decreased from 1.26 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction to 0.71 times, and the gradient coefficient a is 0.005. The number of times of the aluminum content gradient change is 110 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw material is 0.97 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1750°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 85% CaO, 5% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 5% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.22, refining temperature 1750 ° C, refining time is 20 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 41.3%, Al 2.0%, Si 1.0%, S 0.03%, O 0.45%, C 0.02%, P 0.03%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

Example 11

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the ratio of 1.0:1.27:0.81:0.02:0.28, their particle size respectively satisfy: rutile ≤3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; raw materials rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, KClO ₃ , slag forming agent are evenly mixed, added to the continuous mixing at a uniform flow rate In the machine, the aluminum powder is simultaneously added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the entire mixing process and the entire reaction process are not interrupted until all After the material is completely reacted, a high-temperature melt is obtained; wherein the amount of aluminum added to the continuous material in the reaction furnace is decreased from the 1.2-fold gradient of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the thermal self-propagation reaction to 0.75 times, and the gradient coefficient a is 0.002. The number of times of the aluminum content gradient change is 225 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw material is 0.95 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 80% CaO, 10% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 4% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.4, refining temperature 1700 ° C, refining time is 20 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 40.7%, Al 1.6%, Si 0.6%, S 0.04%, O 0.41%, C 0.03%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.9%, The balance is Fe.

Example 12

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ , slagging agent CaO mass ratio of 1.0:1.32:0.85:0.01:0.35, their particle size respectively meet: high titanium slag ≤ 3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag granule size ≤ 0.2mm; raw material high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, KClO ₃ , slag forming agent are evenly mixed to uniform The flow rate is added to the continuous mixer, and the aluminum powder is added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, the entire mixing process and the entire reaction process. No discontinuity occurs until all materials are completely reacted to obtain a high temperature melt; the amount of aluminum added to the continuous material in the reaction furnace is decreased from the 1.12 times gradient of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the aluminothermic self-propagation reaction to 0.82 times, the gradient coefficient of variation a is 0.001, the number of times of the aluminum content gradient change is 300 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw material is 0.94 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 15min, and the gold slag is separated to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 20% CaF ₂ , 75% CaO, 5% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 8% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.31, refining temperature 1700 ° C, refining time is 30 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 37.8%, Al 1.4%, Si 1.4%, S 0.02%, O 0.30%, C 0.03%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

Example 13

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the particle size is 1.0:0.63:0.72:0.10:0.29, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; the material is divided into 5 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is 1.20, 1.05 of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction 1.0, 0.90, 0.85 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.98 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 20% of the total material amount; the first batch of materials is put into the reaction furnace. Medium, the magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to initiate the self-propagating reaction, and other batch materials are successively added until the reaction completely obtains the high temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1800°C, holding time 15min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 90% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 7% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 50 rpm, eccentricity is 0.4, refining temperature is 1800 ° C, refining time 10 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 54.1%, Al 2.3%, Si 1.8%, S 0.03%, O 0.52%, C 0.1%, P 0.04%, Mn 0.6%, The balance is Fe.

Example 14

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ , slagging agent CaO mass ratio of 1.0:0.68:0.73:0.12:0.26, their particle size respectively meet: high titanium slag ≤ 3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤2mm; slag agent particle size ≤0.2mm; the material is divided into 6 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction 1.20, 1.1, 0.95, 0.90, 0.85, 0.80 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.95 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 28.6% of the total material amount; The batch material is put into the reaction furnace, and the magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to initiate the self-propagation reaction, and the other batch materials are successively added until the reaction completely obtains the high-temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1750°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt, and the slag washing and refining is carried out; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 20% CaF ₂ , 80% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 7% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.4, refining temperature is 1750 ° C, refining time 20min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 53.3%, Al 2.1%, Si 1.6%, S 0.02%, O 0.38%, C 0.05%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

Example 15

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the particle size is 1.0:0.69:0.75:0.15:0.22, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; the material is divided into 8 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is 1.20, 1.1 of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction. 1.0, 0.95, 0.925, 0.90, 0.875, 0.85 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.94 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 22.2% of the total material amount; The batch material is put into the reaction furnace, and the magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to initiate the self-propagation reaction, and the other batch materials are successively added until the reaction completely obtains the high-temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 5min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 25% CaF ₂ , 75% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 7% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 150 rpm, eccentricity is 0.28, refining temperature is 1700 ° C, refining time 30min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 52.4%, Al 1.7%, Si 1.2%, S 0.02%, O 0.32%, C 0.02%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.5%, The balance is Fe.

Example 16

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the particle size is 1.0:0.73:0.74:0.09:0.27, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤ 3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; raw materials rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, KClO ₃ , slag forming agent are evenly mixed, added to the continuous mixing at a uniform flow rate In the machine, the aluminum powder is simultaneously added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the entire mixing process and the entire reaction process are not interrupted until all After the material is completely reacted, a high-temperature melt is obtained; wherein the amount of aluminum added to the continuous material in the reaction furnace is decreased from the 1.25-fold gradient of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the thermal self-propagation reaction to 0.72 times, and the gradient coefficient a is 0.005. The number of times of the aluminum content gradient change is 106 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw material is 0.97 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1750°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 85% CaO, 5% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 8% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.3, refining temperature 1750 ° C, refining time is 20 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the ferrotitanium alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 51.7%, Al 2.1%, Si 1.0%, S 0.03%, O 0.43%, C 0.02%, P 0.03%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

Example 17

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the particle size is 1.0:0.76:0.76:0.11:0.29, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; raw materials rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, KClO ₃ , slag forming agent are evenly mixed, added to the continuous mixing at a uniform flow rate In the machine, the aluminum powder is simultaneously added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the entire mixing process and the entire reaction process are not interrupted until all After the material is completely reacted, a high-temperature melt is obtained; wherein the amount of aluminum added to the continuous material in the reaction furnace is decreased from 1.20 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction to 0.75 times, and the gradient coefficient a is 0.002. The number of times of the aluminum content gradient change is 225 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw material is 0.95 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 80% CaO, 10% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 4% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.4, refining temperature 1700 ° C, refining time is 20 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 50.2%, Al 1.8%, Si 0.6%, S 0.04%, O 0.37%, C 0.03%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.9%, The balance is Fe.

Example 18

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the ratio of the mixture is 1.0:0.92:0.80:0.16:0.32, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤ ₃ mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; raw materials rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, KClO ₃ , slag forming agent are evenly mixed, added to the continuous mixing at a uniform flow rate In the machine, the aluminum powder is simultaneously added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the entire mixing process and the entire reaction process are not interrupted until all After the material is completely reacted, a high-temperature melt is obtained; wherein the amount of aluminum added to the continuous material in the reaction furnace is decreased from the 1.21 times gradient of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the aluminothermic self-propagation reaction to 0.72 times, and the gradient coefficient a is 0.001, the whole process The number of times of the aluminum content gradient change is 490 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw material is 0.95 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 20% CaF ₂ , 75% CaO, 5% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 8% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.4, refining temperature 1700 ° C, refining time is 30 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 56.6%, Al 1.0%, Si 1.4%, S 0.02%, O 0.25%, C 0.03%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

Example 19

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the ratio of high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ , slagging agent CaO, the ratio of 1.0:0.40:0.66:0.21:0.25, their particle size respectively satisfy: high titanium slag ≤ 3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤2mm; slag agent particle size ≤0.2mm; the material is divided into 5 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction 1.20, 1.05, 1.0, 0.90, 0.85 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.96 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 20% of the total material amount; The material is put into the reaction furnace, and the magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to initiate the self-propagation reaction, and other batch materials are successively added until the reaction completely obtains the high-temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1800°C, holding time 15min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 90% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 2% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 50 rpm, eccentricity is 0.4, refining temperature is 1800 ° C, refining time 10 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 67.2%, Al 2.8%, Si 1.8%, S 0.03%, O 0.8%, C 0.1%, P 0.04%, Mn 0.6%, The balance is Fe.

Example 20

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the particle size is 1.0: 0.45: 0.63: 0.18: 0.23, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤ ₃ mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; the material is divided into 6 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is 1.20, 1.1 of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction. , 0.95, 0.90, 0.85, 0.80 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.94 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 28.6% of the total material amount; In the reaction furnace, magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to initiate a self-propagating reaction, and other batch materials are successively added until the reaction completely obtains a high-temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1750°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt, and the slag washing and refining is carried out; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 20% CaF ₂ , 80% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 5% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.3, refining temperature is 1750 ° C, refining time 20min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 68.5%, Al 1.6%, Si 1.3%, S 0.02%, O 0.65%, C 0.05%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

Example 21

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the mass ratio of rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the particle size is 1.0:0.48:0.65:0.13:0.21, and their particle sizes respectively satisfy: rutile ≤ ₃ mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag agent particle size ≤ 0.2mm; the material is divided into 8 batches, the aluminum content of each batch is 1.20, 1.1 of the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction. 1.0, 0.95, 0.925, 0.90, 0.875, 0.85 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.93 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, and the weight of the first batch of materials accounts for 22.2% of the total material amount; The batch material is put into the reaction furnace, and the magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to initiate the self-propagation reaction, and the other batch materials are successively added until the reaction completely obtains the high-temperature melt;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 5min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. (3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt, and the slag washing and refining is carried out; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 25% CaF ₂ , 75% CaO; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 7% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 150 rpm, eccentricity is 0.2, refining temperature is 1700 °C , refining time is 30min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the ferrotitanium alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 72.3%, Al 1.6%, Si 1.4%, S 0.02%, O 0.56%, C 0.02%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.5%, The balance is Fe.

Example 22

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the ratio of high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ and slagging agent CaO, the particle size is 1.0:0.51:0.68:0.11:0.16, and their particle sizes are respectively satisfied: high titanium slag ≤ 3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag granule size ≤ 0.2mm; raw material high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, KClO ₃ , slag forming agent are evenly mixed to uniform The flow rate is added to the continuous mixer, and the aluminum powder is added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, the entire mixing process and the entire reaction process. No discontinuity occurs until all materials are completely reacted to obtain a high-temperature melt; the amount of aluminum added to the continuous material in the reaction furnace is decreased from 1.26 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the thermal self-propagation reaction of aluminum to 0.72 times, and the gradient coefficient of variation a is 0.003, the number of times of the aluminum content gradient change is 180 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw material is 0.98 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1750°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 85% CaO, 5% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 5% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.4, refining temperature 1750 ° C, refining time is 20 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 71.2%, Al 1.4%, Si 1.0%, S 0.03%, O 0.48%, C 0.02%, P 0.03%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

Example 23

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ , slagging agent CaO mass ratio of 1.0:0.54:0.69:0.10:0.24, their particle size respectively meet: high titanium slag ≤ 3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag granule size ≤ 0.2mm; raw material high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, KClO ₃ , slag forming agent are evenly mixed to uniform The flow rate is added to the continuous mixer, and the aluminum powder is added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, the entire mixing process and the entire reaction process. No discontinuity occurs until all materials are completely reacted to obtain a high-temperature melt; the amount of aluminum added to the continuous material in the reaction furnace is decreased from 1.23 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the thermal self-propagation reaction of aluminum to 0.73 times, and the gradient coefficient of variation a is 0.001, the number of times of the aluminum content gradient change is 500 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw material is 0.96 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 10% CaF ₂ , 80% CaO, 10% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 4% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.3, refining temperature 1700 ° C, refining time is 20 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the ferrotitanium alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 70.1%, Al 0.7%, Si 0.6%, S 0.04%, O 0.38%, C 0.03%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.9%, The balance is Fe.

Example 24

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagating gradient reduction and slag washing refining comprises the following steps:

(1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction

According to the high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ , slagging agent CaO mass ratio of 1.0:0.58:0.70:0.13:0.26, their particle size respectively meet: high titanium slag ≤ 3mm; Fe ₂ O ₃ powder ≤ 0.2mm; aluminum powder particle size ≤ 2mm; KClO ₃ particle size ≤ 2mm; slag granule size ≤ 0.2mm; raw material high titanium slag, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, KClO ₃ , slag forming agent are evenly mixed to uniform The flow rate is added to the continuous mixer, and the aluminum powder is added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate, and the mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction, the entire mixing process and the entire reaction process. No discontinuity occurs until all materials are completely reacted to obtain a high-temperature melt; the amount of aluminum added to the continuous material in the reaction furnace is decreased from 1.18 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the thermal self-propagation reaction of aluminum to 0.76 times, and the gradient coefficient of variation a is 0.0006, the number of times of the aluminum content gradient change is 700 times, and the total aluminum content of the raw material is 0.94 times the theoretical chemical dose ratio of the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction;

(2) The high temperature melt is smelted by electromagnetic induction heating. The control parameters are: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥1000Hz, melting temperature is 1700°C, holding time 10min, and the gold slag separation is realized to obtain the upper alumina slag and the lower alloy. Melt

(3) After releasing 90% of the alumina-based slag in the upper layer, the refining slag is sprayed in the lower alloy melt to carry out the stirring slag washing and refining; wherein the composition of the refining slag according to the mass ratio is: 20% CaF ₂ , 75% CaO, 5% Na ₂ O; control parameters: the amount of refining slag added is 8% of the total amount of raw materials, argon gas with purity ≥99.95% as carrier gas, eccentric stirring rate is 100 rpm, eccentricity is 0.3, refining temperature 1700 ° C, refining time is 30 min;

(4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy.

The chemical composition of the titanium-iron alloy prepared in this example according to the mass percentage is: Ti 68.2%, Al 0.6%, Si 1.4%, S 0.02%, O 0.42%, C 0.03%, P 0.02%, Mn 0.7%, The balance is Fe.

It is to be understood that those skilled in the art can devise modifications or variations in light of the above description, and all such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

A method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagation gradient reduction and slag washing refining, comprising the steps of: (1) Aluminothermic self-propagating gradient reduction, in one of two ways: In the first way, the raw materials rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ , slag forming agent are divided into several batches, and the first batch of materials is put into the reaction furnace, and the magnesium powder is ignited from the top of the material to induce self-propagation. Reaction, adding other batch materials gradually until the reaction is completely obtained high-temperature melt, wherein the aluminum content of each batch of materials is gradually decreased from 0.9-1.3 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction to 0.9-0.7 times, and The total aluminum content of the raw materials is 0.92 to 0.99 times the stoichiometric ratio of the thermal self-propagation reaction of aluminum; In the second method, the raw materials rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, KClO ₃ , and slag forming agent are uniformly mixed, and are added to the continuous mixer at a uniform flow rate, and the aluminum powder is added to the continuous mixer at a gradient decreasing flow rate. The mixed raw materials are continuously introduced into the reaction furnace for self-propagation reaction of the aluminum heat, and the entire mixing process and the whole reaction process are not interrupted until all the materials are completely reacted to obtain a high-temperature melt. The amount of aluminum in the continuous material introduced into the reaction furnace is gradually decreased from 1.1 to 1.3 times the theoretical stoichiometric ratio of the thermal self-propagation reaction of aluminum to 0.9 to 0.7 times, and the number n of the gradient of the aluminum content in the whole process satisfies the relationship: n=(bc)/a, where b represents the highest aluminum content, c represents the lowest aluminum content, a represents the aluminum alloy gradient change coefficient, and 0<a≤0.05; the total aluminum content of the raw material is the aluminum thermal self-propagation reaction The theoretical stoichiometry is 0.92 to 0.99 times; (2) heat-smelting the high-temperature melt by electromagnetic induction heating to obtain an upper alumina-based slag and a lower alloy melt; (3) injecting the refining slag into the lower alloy melt, and performing the stirring slag washing and refining; (4) The refined high-temperature melt is cooled to room temperature, and the upper layer of molten slag is removed to obtain a titanium-iron alloy. The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw material rutile, Fe ₂ O ₃ powder, aluminum powder, KClO ₃ in the step (1) The mass ratio of the slag forming agent is 1.0: (0.24 to 2.37): (0.56 to 1.23): (0 to 0.23): (0.15 to 1.0), and the particle sizes respectively satisfy: the rutile particle size ≤ 3 mm, the Fe ₂ The particle size of the O ₃ powder is ≤ 0.2 mm, the particle size of the aluminum powder is ≤ 2 mm, the particle size of the KClO _{3 is} ≤ ₂ mm, and the particle size of the slag forming agent is ≤ 0.2 mm. The method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagation gradient reduction and slag-washing refining according to claim 1, wherein the number of the plurality of batches in the step (1) is ≥4. The method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagation gradient reduction and slag-washing refining according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the first batch of materials in the step (1) is 10 to 30% of the total amount of the material. . The method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagation gradient reduction and slag cleaning according to claim 1, wherein the control parameter of the heat preservation melting in the step (2) is: electromagnetic induction frequency ≥ 1000 Hz, melting temperature It is 1700 ~ 1800 ° C, and the holding time is 5 ~ 15min. The method according to claim 1, wherein the refining slag in the step (3) is one of the following two types: 1 by mass ratio. 10 to 25% of CaF ₂ , the balance is CaO; 2 is 10 to 25% by mass of CaF ₂ , 5 to 10% of Na ₂ O, and the balance is CaO. The method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagation gradient reduction and slag-washing refining according to claim 1, wherein the control parameter of the stirring slag refining in the step (3) is: using eccentric stirring, eccentricity 0.2 to 0.4, the amount of refining slag added is 2 to 8% of the total amount of raw materials, the inert gas with purity ≥99.95% is used as the carrier gas, the stirring rate is 50-150 rpm, the refining temperature is 1700-1800 ° C, and the refining time is 10 to 30 minutes. The method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagation gradient reduction and slag washing refining according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the rutile in the step (1) can be replaced by high titanium slag. Or a mixture of rutile and high titanium slag. The method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagation gradient reduction and slag-washing refining according to any one of claims 8 to 4, wherein the high-titanium slag and the rutile have a mass percentage of TiO ₂ ≥92%. The method for preparing a titanium-iron alloy based on aluminum thermal self-propagation gradient reduction and slag-washing refining according to claim 1, wherein the titanium-iron alloy has a chemical composition of mass percentage: Ti 25.0 to 75.0%, Al ≤ 3.0%, Si≤2.0%, S≤0.03%, O≤1.0%, C≤0.1%, P≤0.04%, Mn≤1.0%, and the balance is Fe.