WO2018225722A1 - ロボットアームの手首及び双腕ロボット - Google Patents
ロボットアームの手首及び双腕ロボット Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018225722A1 WO2018225722A1 PCT/JP2018/021541 JP2018021541W WO2018225722A1 WO 2018225722 A1 WO2018225722 A1 WO 2018225722A1 JP 2018021541 W JP2018021541 W JP 2018021541W WO 2018225722 A1 WO2018225722 A1 WO 2018225722A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wrist
- link
- axis
- arm
- robot
- Prior art date
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- Ceased
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J17/00—Joints
- B25J17/02—Wrist joints
- B25J17/0241—One-dimensional joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/02—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/04—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type by rotating at least one arm, excluding the head movement itself, e.g. cylindrical coordinate type or polar coordinate type
- B25J9/041—Cylindrical coordinate type
- B25J9/042—Cylindrical coordinate type comprising an articulated arm
- B25J9/043—Cylindrical coordinate type comprising an articulated arm double selective compliance articulated robot arms [SCARA]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1612—Programme controls characterised by the hand, wrist, grip control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J17/00—Joints
- B25J17/02—Wrist joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J17/00—Joints
- B25J17/02—Wrist joints
- B25J17/0283—Three-dimensional joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J18/00—Arms
- B25J18/02—Arms extensible
- B25J18/04—Arms extensible rotatable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/0084—Programme-controlled manipulators comprising a plurality of manipulators
- B25J9/0087—Dual arms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/02—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/04—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type by rotating at least one arm, excluding the head movement itself, e.g. cylindrical coordinate type or polar coordinate type
- B25J9/041—Cylindrical coordinate type
- B25J9/042—Cylindrical coordinate type comprising an articulated arm
- B25J9/044—Cylindrical coordinate type comprising an articulated arm with forearm providing vertical linear movement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/06—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by multi-articulated arms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/102—Gears specially adapted therefor, e.g. reduction gears
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Programme controls
- B25J9/1628—Programme controls characterised by the control loop
- B25J9/1641—Programme controls characterised by the control loop compensation for backlash, friction, compliance, elasticity in the joints
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a wrist structure for connecting a robot arm and an end effector, and a structure of a double-arm robot provided with the wrist.
- Patent Document 1 discloses this type of double-arm robot.
- the double-arm robot disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes two horizontal articulated robot arms, an upper arm and a lower arm.
- a pivot shaft at the base end portion of the upper arm and a pivot shaft at the base end portion of the lower arm are arranged vertically.
- an action axis is provided at the tip of each arm, and this action axis can be moved vertically with respect to the arm by a ball screw mechanism.
- a robot has an end effector attached to the tip of a robot arm via a wrist, and performs work with the end effector.
- a lift shaft is provided at the base end of the arm, and a robot that moves the arm and end effector up and down integrally with this lift shaft, and a lift shaft at the tip of the arm is provided.
- a robot that moves an end effector up and down with respect to an arm by a shaft is known.
- Patent Document 1 in a robot in which the base end portions of two arms are arranged in the vertical direction, it is difficult to move the base end portions of the arms up and down, so the latter is adopted.
- Patent Document 1 As the lifting shaft provided at the tip of the arm, for example, a ball screw mechanism disclosed in Patent Document 1 and a linear motion mechanism including a rail and a slide are known.
- Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 propose a link wrist having a function of moving the end effector up and down with respect to the tip of the arm.
- the wrist (wrist device) of Patent Document 2 is positioned at a first wrist link (first wrist arm) that rotates around a first rotation shaft that is positioned at the tip of the arm, and at the tip of the first wrist link. And a second wrist link (second wrist arm) that rotates about the second rotation axis. A holding portion for an end effector (hand) is provided on the second wrist link.
- This wrist device has a relationship between the first wrist link and the second wrist link such that the action point moves on the same straight line while changing the posture of the end effector.
- the transfer robot of Patent Document 3 is supported by an arm, a rotating body rotatably supported at the tip of the arm, a four-bar link mechanism including first to third links, and a third link rotatably.
- This transfer robot has a link ratio of a four-bar linkage mechanism in which the action point of the end effector moves while maintaining the posture on the same straight line.
- the vertical dimension of the lifting mechanism including the lifting shaft provided at the tip of the arm is larger than the lifting width of the end effector relative to the arm. growing.
- Such a robot is not suitable, for example, for work performed by inserting an arm tip including an end effector and a lifting device into a space with a narrow vertical width.
- Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 it is conceivable to provide the robot with a wrist that includes a plurality of linked links and has a function of moving the end effector up and down relative to the tip of the arm.
- the posture of the end effector changes.
- the end effector can be moved up and down with respect to the tip of the arm while maintaining the posture of the end effector.
- the vertical dimension of the wrist is set. It is difficult to suppress.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is a direction perpendicular to a predetermined plane in which the tip of the arm moves as compared with a conventional robot having a lifting shaft at the tip of the arm. It is an object of the present invention to provide a robot capable of extending the movement range of the end effector relative to the arm in the direction perpendicular to the predetermined plane while suppressing the size of the arm.
- the wrist of the robot arm is a wrist that connects an end effector and a robot arm whose tip moves in a predetermined plane, A proximal connection body connected to the robot arm; A first wrist link coupled to the base-end connection body so as to be rotatable around a first wrist axis defined in the base-end connection body; A second wrist link connected to the first wrist link so as to be rotatable about a second wrist axis defined in the first wrist link; A tip-side connection body connected to the second wrist link so as to be rotatable about a third wrist axis defined in the second wrist link and connected to the end effector; A drive source that applies rotational power to the first wrist link; and a wrist drive device that includes an interlocking device that interlocks the second wrist link and the distal-end connection body with the rotation of the first wrist link; The extending directions of the first wrist axis, the second wrist axis, and the third wrist axis are parallel to the predetermined plane; A distance from
- the double-arm robot is provided by: A pair of robot arms whose tips move within a predetermined plane; End effectors provided for each of the robot arms; The wrist connecting the robot arm and the end effector; And a controller for controlling movement of the robot arm, the end effector, and the wrist.
- the position in the direction perpendicular to the predetermined plane in which the tip of the robot arm of the third wrist axis moves (hereinafter referred to as “Z direction”) is
- the tip connection body to which the end effector is connected moves in the same manner as the position in the Z direction.
- the third wrist axis moves on a straight line that passes through the first wrist axis and extends in the Z direction.
- the movement range of the third wrist axis in the Z direction is a maximum of four times the distance from the first wrist axis to the second wrist axis.
- the link width (dimension in the direction perpendicular to the link length) of the first wrist link and the second wrist link is larger than the dimension in the direction parallel to the axis of the lifting shaft provided at the tip of the arm of the conventional robot. However, it can be easily reduced by design.
- the wrist of the robot arm having the above-described configuration and the dual-arm robot including the wrist are configured to reduce the end in the Z direction while suppressing the dimension in the Z direction as compared with the conventional robot having the lifting / lowering shaft at the tip of the robot arm. It is possible to easily extend the movement range of the effector in the Z direction.
- the predetermined size of the end effector with respect to the arm is suppressed while suppressing a dimension in a direction orthogonal to the predetermined plane on which the tip of the arm moves.
- a robot capable of extending a movement range in a direction perpendicular to the plane can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a dual-arm robot according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the double-arm robot shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a front view showing a schematic configuration of the wrist.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a VV cross section in FIG.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram showing an attachment mode of the flexible hose.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram showing an attachment mode of the flexible hose.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the wrist.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a movement range in the Z direction of the end effector with respect to the arm by the wrist.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a movement range in the Z direction of the end effector with respect to the arm by the wrist.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of wrist transformation in a dual-arm robot.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of wrist transformation in a dual-arm robot.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of wrist transformation in a dual-arm robot.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a control system of the double-arm robot.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the advantages of the wrist according to the embodiment with respect to the wrist including the rail type linear motion device.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the advantages of the wrist according to the embodiment with respect to the wrist including the rail type linear motion device.
- FIG. 15 is a front view showing a schematic configuration of a wrist according to a modification.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the XVI-XVI cross section in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the double-arm robot 1
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the double-arm robot 1.
- a dual-arm robot 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a base 2 and two robot arms (hereinafter simply referred to as “arm 3”) supported by the base 2.
- An end effector 5 connected to the tip of each arm 3, a wrist 4 provided between the arm 3 and the end effector 5, and a controller 6 that controls the operation of the dual-arm robot 1. .
- the arm 3 is an articulated robot arm configured such that a tip portion moves within a predetermined plane.
- An example of such a robot arm is a horizontal articulated robot arm.
- the direction orthogonal to the plane in which the tip of the arm 3 moves will be described as the “Z direction”.
- the two arms 3 have substantially the same configuration. In the following, the configuration of one arm 3 will be described, and the description of the configuration of the other arm 3 will be omitted.
- the arm 3 includes a first link 31 and a second link 32 connected in order from the base end side.
- the base end portion of the first link 31 is supported by the base shaft 21 erected on the base 2 so as to be rotatable (turnable).
- a first axis A ⁇ b> 1 extending in the Z direction is defined at the axis of the base shaft 21.
- a first rotation drive device 61 that rotates the first link 31 relative to the base shaft 21 is provided in the first link 31.
- the first rotation drive device 61 is configured by, for example, a motor and a gear mechanism including a speed reducer (all not shown).
- a second axis A2 extending in the Z direction is defined at the tip of the first link 31.
- the distal end portion of the second link 32 is connected to the distal end portion of the first link 31 so as to be rotatable about the second axis A2.
- the second link 32 is connected below the first link 31 in the page of FIG. 1, and in the other arm 3, the second link 32 is placed on the first link 31 in the page of FIG. Two links 32 are connected.
- a second rotation drive device 62 that rotates the second link 32 relative to the first link 31 is provided.
- the second rotation drive device 62 is configured by, for example, a motor and a gear mechanism including a reduction gear (both not shown).
- a wrist connection portion 33 to which the wrist 4 is connected is provided at the distal end portion of the second link 32.
- the base ends of the first links 31 of the two arms 3 are arranged side by side in the Z direction, and the first links 31 of the two arms 3 rotate around the first axis A1. Then, the second link 32 is arranged on one side of the first link 31 in the Z direction so as to cancel the difference in the position of the base end portion of the first link 31 of the two arms 3 in the Z direction. In the other arm 3, the second link 32 is disposed on the other side of the first link 31 in the Z direction.
- the positions of the wrist connecting portions 33 provided at the distal ends of the second links 32 of the two arms 3 are substantially the same, and the distal ends of the two arms 3 are substantially the same. Move in the same plane.
- the wrist 4 has a function of connecting the arm 3 and the end effector 5 and moving the end effector 5 in the Z direction with respect to the arm 3.
- FIG. 3 is a front view showing a schematic configuration of the wrist 4 according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the IV-IV section in FIG. 3
- FIG. 5 is a VV section in FIG. FIG.
- the wrist 4 includes a proximal-end connection body 40 connected to the distal end portion of the arm 3, a first wrist link 41, a second wrist link 42, and a distal-end connection body 43.
- a wrist drive device 44 The wrist 4 according to the present embodiment further includes a motor 48 that is held by the distal end side connecting body 43 and that constitutes the fourth wrist axis L4.
- the output shaft of the motor 48 has a fourth wrist axis L4 defined at its axis.
- the output from the output shaft of the motor 48 is transmitted to an interface 48a to which the end effector 5 is connected via a gear mechanism (not shown) including a speed reducer.
- the end effector 5 may be directly connected to the distal end side connection body 43.
- the first wrist link 41 is connected to the base end side connection body 40 so as to be rotatable about the first wrist axis L1 defined in the base end side connection body 40.
- the second wrist link 42 is connected to the first wrist link 41 so as to be rotatable about the second wrist axis L ⁇ b> 2 defined in the first wrist link 41.
- the distal end side connection body 43 is coupled to the second wrist link 42 so as to be rotatable about a third wrist axis L3 defined by the second wrist link 42.
- the first link length that is the distance between the first wrist axis L1 and the second wrist axis L2 and the second link length that is the distance between the second wrist axis L2 and the third wrist axis L3 are substantially equal.
- a bracket 49 is coupled to the distal end side connection body 43.
- the bracket 49 is provided with a motor holding portion 49a for holding a motor 48 and a hose receiver 49b to which an end portion of a flexible hose 50 described later is connected. ing
- the extending directions of the first wrist axis L1, the second wrist axis L2, and the third wrist axis L3 are parallel to the plane in which the tip of the arm 3 moves, in other words, orthogonal to the Z direction. Yes.
- the extending direction of the fourth wrist axis L4 is parallel to the Z direction.
- the wrist driving device 44 includes an interlocking device 46 that interlocks the second wrist link 42 and the distal end side connection body 43 with the rotation of the first wrist link 41.
- the interlocking device 46 is configured by casings 58 and 74 that form the outer shape of each wrist link 41 and 42, a gear train formed inside the casing 58 and 74, and the like.
- the interlocking device 46 will be described in detail.
- the proximal connection body 40 includes a casing 51 fixed to the wrist connection portion 33 of the second link 32. As shown in detail in FIG. 5, a motor 45 is attached to the casing 51. In addition, a first rotating shaft 52 having the first wrist axis L1 as an axis is fixed to the casing 51. When the second link 32 is connected below the first link 31, the motor 45 is positioned below the second link 32, and the second link 32 is connected above the first link 31. In some cases, it is located above the second link. Thereby, the straight line connecting the first rotating shaft 52 and the output shaft of the motor 45 is inclined upward or downward from the horizontal.
- the output from the output shaft of the motor 45 is transmitted to a drive gear 55 provided in the casing 51 via a gear mechanism (not shown) including a speed reducer.
- the rotational power of the drive gear 55 is transmitted to the input gear 90 via an intermediate gear 89 that meshes with the drive gear 55 and the input gear 90.
- the boss of the input gear 90 is rotatably supported by the casing 51.
- a casing 58 of the first wrist link 41 is fixed to the boss of the input gear 90.
- Fixed to the casing 58 is a second rotating shaft 59 having the second wrist axis L2 as an axis.
- the first gear 91 is fixed to the first rotating shaft 52 in the casing 58.
- a second gear 92 is fixed to the second rotating shaft 59 in the casing 58.
- an intermediate gear 95 is provided that meshes with the first gear 91 and the second gear 92 and transmits rotational power therebetween.
- the boss of the second gear 92 is rotatably supported by the second rotating shaft 59, and the casing 74 of the second wrist link 42 is fixed to the boss of the second gear 92.
- a distal end side connection body 43 is supported at the distal end portion of the casing 74 of the second wrist link 42 so as to be rotatable about the third wrist axis L3.
- a third gear 93 is fixed to the second rotating shaft 59.
- a fourth gear 94 is fixed to the distal end side connection body 43.
- three intermediate gears 96a, 96b, and 96c that transmit rotational power from the third gear 93 to the fourth gear 94 are provided. In this manner, the wrist 4 is configured with a gear train that continues from the drive gear 55 to the fourth gear 94.
- Wiring and piping extending from the arm 3 to the motor 48 and the end effector 5 are passed through a flexible hose 50 whose base end is coupled to the distal end of the arm 3 and whose distal end is coupled to the hose receiver 49b of the bracket 49.
- the flexible hose 50 is attached so as to form a half loop that bends sideward when viewed from the front of the double-arm robot 1.
- the attachment mode of the flexible hose 50 is advantageous in that the dimension in the height direction can be suppressed.
- the flexible hose 50 is attached so that it may become a half loop shape bent upwards, for example, as shown to FIG. 6B. This attachment mode of the flexible hose 50 is advantageous in that twisting of the flexible hose 50 can be suppressed.
- a route R of piping and wiring passing through the casings 51, 58 and 74 of the wrist 4 is indicated by a two-dot chain line.
- the first wrist link 41 including the input gear 90 and the casing 58 is the first wrist link 41. It rotates around the wrist axis L1.
- the second rotation shaft 59 revolves around the first wrist axis L1.
- the intermediate gear 95 and the second gear 92 rotate
- the second wrist link 42 including the second gear 92 and the casing 74 rotates about the second wrist shaft L2.
- the distal end side connection body 43 revolves around the second wrist axis L2.
- the intermediate gears 96a and 96b and the fourth gear 94 rotate, and the distal end side connection body 43 including the fourth gear 94 rotates around the third wrist axis L3.
- the first wrist link 41 is moved from the folded state so that the third wrist axis L3 moves on the straight line in the Z direction passing through the first wrist axis L1.
- the second wrist link 42 rotates by ⁇ 2 ⁇ ° about the second wrist axis L2
- the distal end side connection body 43 rotates by ⁇ ° about the third wrist axis L3.
- the gear ratio of each gear is determined.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the wrist 4 obtained by rotating the first wrist link 41 by ⁇ ° about the first wrist axis L1 from the folded state.
- the first wrist link 41 and the second wrist link 42 are horizontal in the longitudinal direction, and the first wrist axis L1 and the third wrist axis L3 overlap.
- the second wrist link 42 is moved from the folded state to the second wrist.
- the distal end connection body 43 rotates by ⁇ ° around the third wrist shaft L3 from the folded state.
- ⁇ is an arbitrary number.
- the third wrist axis L3 moves on a straight line parallel to the Z direction passing through the first wrist axis L1, and is connected to the distal end side connecting body 43 via the fourth wrist axis L4.
- the posture of the directly connected end effector 5 is held constant regardless of the position of the third wrist axis L3 in the Z direction.
- FIG. 8 shows the movement range in the Z direction of the end effector 5 relative to the arm 3 by the wrist 4 having the above-described configuration.
- the reach range of the third wrist axis L3 at the same level as the distal end side connection body 43 to which the end effector 5 is connected is 2L from the first wrist axis L1 that is at the same level as the two links 32 to one side in the Z direction and 4L that combines 2L from the first wrist axis L1 to the other side in the Z direction.
- the first link length is the distance between the first wrist axis L1 and the second wrist axis L2
- the second link length is the distance between the second wrist axis L2 and the third wrist axis L3.
- the dimension of the folded wrist 4 in the Z direction is the dimension of the first wrist link 41 or the second wrist link 42 in the link width direction.
- the link width direction is a direction orthogonal to the link length.
- the link width direction dimension of the first wrist link 41 or the second wrist link 42 can be easily designed to be small by suppressing the diameter of the first gear 91 and the fourth gear 94 in the interlocking device 46 of the present embodiment. is there.
- the first wrist link 41 or the second wrist link 42 is used. Is elongated in the link length direction.
- the first wrist link 41 of the wrist 4 configured as described above can rotate 360 ° in the forward direction and the reverse direction about the first wrist axis L1.
- 9 to 11 show examples of transformation of the wrist 4 configured as described above.
- the first wrist axis L ⁇ b> 1 of both wrists 4 is positioned between the second wrist axis L ⁇ b> 2 of the wrists 4 of the pair of wrists 4 when the double-arm robot 1 is viewed from the front.
- It can be an aspect. Such an aspect is advantageous because it is possible to easily avoid self-interference even when both end effectors 5 are brought close to each other in a scene where a small member is moved with two arms or a scene where a small member is operated with two arms.
- the pair of wrists 4 has a second wrist axis L ⁇ b> 2 of both wrists 4 between the first wrist axes L ⁇ b> 1 of both wrists 4. It can be a mode that is located. Such an aspect is advantageous because the amount of protrusion of the wrist 4 to the side can be suppressed in a scene where a wide member is moved with two arms.
- the pair of wrists 4 has a straight line connecting the first wrist axis L1 and the second wrist axis L2 of both wrists 4 in parallel. It can be an aspect. Such an aspect is advantageous because it is possible to work while avoiding a collision with an interference object in a scene where there is an interference object on one side of the dual-arm robot 1.
- Which of the illustrated modes is adopted for the wrists 4 of both arms 3 of the double-arm robot 1 is determined according to the contents of the work performed by the double-arm robot 1 and is previously taught to the double-arm robot 1.
- the controller 6 operates the wrist 4 as taught.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a control system of the double-arm robot 1. As shown in FIG. 12, the operation of the first rotation driving device 61, the second rotation driving device 62, and the wrist driving device 44 of each arm 3 and the operation of the end effector 5 are controlled by the controller 6.
- the controller 6 is a so-called computer, and includes, for example, an arithmetic processing device (processor) such as a microcontroller, CPU, MPU, PLC, DSP, ASIC, or FPGA, and a storage device such as ROM or RAM (both shown in the figure). Not shown).
- the storage device stores a program executed by the arithmetic processing unit, various fixed data, and the like. Further, the storage device stores data for controlling the operation of the arm 3 and the wrist 4, data relating to the shape, dimensions, and operation of the end effector 5, and the like.
- processing for controlling the operations of the arm 3, the wrist 4, and the end effector 5 is performed by the arithmetic processing device reading and executing software such as a program stored in the storage device.
- the controller 6 may execute each process by centralized control by a single computer, or may execute each process by distributed control by cooperation of a plurality of computers.
- the controller 6 operates the arm 3 and the wrist 4 so that a predetermined wrist control point moves to an arbitrary target position.
- the wrist control point is defined, for example, in the distal end side connection body 43 or the interface 48a.
- the first rotation drive device 61 and the second rotation drive device 62 are provided with a rotation position detector that detects the rotation position of the output shaft of the motor provided, and the controller 6 detects with these rotation position detectors. Based on the rotation position of the output shaft thus obtained, the position of the predetermined arm control point with respect to the predetermined reference point of the double-arm robot 1 can be obtained.
- the arm control point is, for example, the intersection of the interface 48a, the joint surface of the end effector 5, and the fourth wrist axis L4.
- the wrist drive device 44 is provided with a rotational position detector (not shown) for detecting the rotational position of the output shafts of the motors 45 and 48 provided therein, and the controller 6 is detected by the rotational position detector. Based on the rotation position of the output shaft, the position and posture of the wrist control point with respect to a predetermined wrist reference point can be obtained. Then, the controller 6 can determine the position of the wrist control point with respect to a predetermined reference point of the double-arm robot 1 from the position of the arm control point thus determined and the position and posture of the wrist control point.
- the wrist 4 is the wrist 4 that connects the robot arm 3 whose end portion moves within a predetermined plane and the end effector 5, and is a base connected to the robot arm 3.
- a second wrist link 42 connected to the first wrist link 41 so as to be rotatable about the second wrist axis L2 defined by the link 41, and a third wrist axis L3 defined by the second wrist link 42 are provided.
- the end effector 5 may be directly connected to the distal end side connection body 43, or may be connected to the distal end side connection body 43 via a further shaft or link.
- the end effector 5 is connected to the distal end side connection body 43 via a fourth wrist axis L4 which is a horizontal rotation axis (swivel axis).
- the extending directions of the first wrist axis L1, the second wrist axis L2, and the third wrist axis L3 are parallel to a predetermined plane, and the distance from the first wrist axis L1 to the second wrist axis L2 is The distance from the second wrist axis L2 to the third wrist axis L3 is equal, and the interlocking device 46 is connected to the first wrist link 41 from the state where the first wrist axis L1 and the third wrist axis L3 overlap.
- the second wrist link 42 is rotated by ⁇ 2 ⁇ ° about the second wrist axis L2, and the distal end side connecting body 43 is ⁇ ° about the third wrist axis L3. It is configured to rotate.
- the double-arm robot 1 includes a pair of robot arms 3 whose tip portions move within a predetermined plane, an end effector 5 provided for each of the robot arms 3, and the robot arm 3 and the end effector. 5, a wrist 4 that connects to the robot 5, a robot arm 3, an end effector 5, and a controller 6 that controls the operation of the wrist 4.
- the robot arm 3 includes a first link 31 and a second link 32 having a base end connected to one of the top and bottom of the first link 31 at the distal end of the first link 31.
- the motor 45 is attached to the proximal connection body 40 so that the motor 45 that is a driving source is positioned above and below the second link 32. Interference with the first link 31 is avoided.
- the controller 6 for example, as shown in FIG. 10, the second wrist axis L ⁇ b> 2 of both wrists 4 is positioned between the first wrist axes L ⁇ b> 1 of both wrists 4.
- the wrist 4 may be moved.
- the controller 6 operates the wrist 4 so that the first wrist axis L1 of both wrists 4 is positioned between the second wrist axes L2 of both wrists 4.
- the controller 6 may operate the wrist 4 so that the straight lines connecting the first wrist axis L1 and the second wrist axis L2 of both wrists 4 are parallel to each other.
- the end effector 5 is connected at a position in a direction perpendicular to the predetermined plane (that is, the Z direction) on which the tip of the robot arm 3 of the third wrist axis L3 moves. It moves similarly to the position in the Z direction of the distal end side connecting body 43.
- the third wrist axis L3 moves on a straight line that passes through the first wrist axis L1 and extends in the Z direction.
- the movement range in the Z direction of the third wrist axis L3 is at most four times the distance from the first wrist axis L1 to the second wrist axis L2 (ie, the first link length L).
- the link widths of the first wrist link 41 and the second wrist link 42 are in the direction parallel to the axis of the lifting shaft provided at the tip of the arm of the conventional robot. It can be easily made smaller than the size by design.
- the wrist 4 of the robot arm 3 having the above-described configuration and the double-arm robot 1 having the wrist 4 have a reduced size in the Z direction as compared with a conventional robot having a lifting / lowering shaft at the tip of the robot arm. It is possible to easily extend the movement range of the end effector 5 in the Z direction with respect to the arm 3.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 are diagrams for explaining the advantages of the wrist 4 according to the embodiment with respect to the wrist 104 including the rail type linear motion device.
- the same operation is performed by the dual-arm robot 101 according to the prior art having the wrist 104 including the rail type linear motion device and the double-arm robot 1 having the wrist 4 according to the present embodiment. It is shown.
- Each robot 1, 101 is equipped with a suction hand that holds a plate-shaped workpiece W as end effectors 5, 105.
- the workpiece W is carried into the press device 161 up to a predetermined press position. The necessary moving distance is covered by the dimensions of the end effector 105.
- the robot 1 not only the end effector 5 but also the arm 3 and the wrist 4 can be inserted into the press device 161, so that the dimensions of the end effector 5 can be suppressed compared to the robot 101. it can.
- the robot 1101 shown in FIG. 14 performs an operation of supplying a semiconductor substrate to the semiconductor exposure machine 162.
- the semiconductor exposure machine 162 is provided with an openable / closable door on the stage.
- the linear motion device of the wrist 104 cannot be inserted between the door and the stage, the movement distance necessary for carrying the semiconductor substrate to a predetermined position on the stage under the door is increased. Covered by the dimensions of the end effector 105.
- the robot 1 according to the present embodiment not only the end effector 5 but also the arm 3 and the wrist 4 can be inserted between the door and the stage. Can do.
- the robot 1 according to this embodiment can suppress the size of the end effector 5 as compared with the robot 101 according to the prior art. Suppressed and stable operation can be performed.
- the interlock device 46 of the wrist drive device 44 uses a gear train, but the interlock device 46 of the wrist drive device 44 uses a belt transmission mechanism including a pulley and a transmission belt. Also good.
- FIG. 15 is a front view showing a schematic configuration of the wrist 4A according to the first modification.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the XVI-XVI cross section in FIG. In the description of this modification, the same or similar members as those in the above-described embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the wrist 4 ⁇ / b> A includes a proximal-end connection body 40 connected to the distal end portion of the second link 32, and the first-end wrist axis L ⁇ b> 1 on the proximal-end connection body 40.
- a first wrist link 41 pivotally connected to the center
- a second wrist link 42 pivotally connected to the tip of the first wrist link 41 about the second wrist axis L2
- a second wrist A distal end side connection body 43 that is rotatably connected to the distal end portion of the link 42 around the third wrist axis L3 is provided.
- the end effector 5 is connected to the distal end side connection body 43.
- the proximal connection body 40 includes a casing 51 fixed to the wrist connection portion 33 of the second link 32.
- a motor 45 is attached to the casing 51.
- the output from the output shaft of the motor 45 is transmitted to a drive pulley 55A provided in the casing 51 via a gear mechanism (not shown) including a speed reducer.
- the first rotating shaft 52 having the first wrist shaft L1 as an axis is fixed to the casing 51.
- an input pulley 56 is loosely fitted to the first rotating shaft 52, and a boss of the input pulley 56 is rotatably supported by the casing 51.
- An endless transmission belt 57 is wound around the drive pulley 55 ⁇ / b> A and the input pulley 56.
- a tension roller 81 for adjusting the tension of the transmission belt 57 is provided in the casing 51.
- the casing 58 of the first wrist link 41 is fixed to the boss of the input pulley 56.
- Fixed to the casing 58 is a second rotating shaft 59 having the second wrist axis L2 as an axis.
- a first pulley 53 is fixed to the first rotating shaft 52 in the casing 58.
- a second pulley 72 is loosely fitted to the second rotating shaft 59.
- An endless transmission belt 73 is wound around the first pulley 53 and the second pulley 72.
- a tension roller 82 for adjusting the tension of the transmission belt 73 is provided in the casing 58.
- the boss of the second pulley 72 is rotatably supported by the second rotating shaft 59, and the casing 74 of the second wrist link 42 is fixed to the boss of the second pulley 72.
- a distal end side connection body 43 is supported at the distal end portion of the casing 74 of the second wrist link 42 so as to be rotatable about the third wrist axis L3.
- a third pulley 71 is fixed to the second rotating shaft 59.
- a fourth pulley 75 is fixed to the distal end side connection body 43.
- An endless transmission belt 76 is wound around the third pulley 71 and the fourth pulley 75.
- a tension roller 83 for adjusting the tension of the transmission belt 76 is provided in the casing 74.
- the first wrist link 41 including the input pulley 56 and the casing 58 is the first wrist link 41. It rotates around the wrist axis L1.
- the second rotation shaft 59 revolves around the first wrist axis L1. Due to the revolution of the second rotating shaft 59, the transmission belt 73 goes around, and the second wrist link 42 including the second pulley 72 and the casing 74 rotates around the second wrist axis L2.
- the distal end side connection body 43 revolves around the second wrist axis L2. Due to the revolution of the distal end side connecting body 43, the transmission belt 76 rotates, and the distal end side connecting body 43 including the fourth pulley 75 rotates around the third wrist axis L3.
- the distance of the 1st link length which is the distance of the 1st wrist axis L1 of wrist 4 and the 2nd wrist axis L2, and the distance of the 2nd wrist axis L2 and the 3rd wrist axis L3.
- the second link length is substantially equal.
- the pulley ratio which is the ratio of the diameter of the first pulley 53 and the diameter of the second pulley 72, is 2: 1, and the pulley is the ratio of the diameter of the third pulley 71 and the diameter of the fourth pulley 75. The ratio is 1: 2.
- the third wrist axis L3 moves on the straight line in the Z direction passing through the first wrist axis L1, in other words, the first wrist link 41 is centered on the first wrist axis L1 from the folded state.
- the second wrist link 42 rotates by ⁇ 2 ⁇ ° about the second wrist axis L2
- the distal end side connection body 43 rotates by ⁇ ° about the third wrist axis L3.
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Abstract
Description
前記ロボットアームと接続される基端側接続体と、
前記基端側接続体に規定された第1手首軸を中心として回動可能に当該基端側接続体と連結された第1手首リンクと、
前記第1手首リンクに規定された第2手首軸を中心として回動可能に当該前記第1手首リンクと連結された第2手首リンクと、
前記第2手首リンクに規定された第3手首軸を中心として回動可能に当該第2手首リンクと連結され、前記エンドエフェクタと接続される先端側接続体と、
前記第1手首リンクに回転動力を付与する駆動源、及び、前記第1手首リンクの回転に前記第2手首リンクと前記先端側接続体を連動させる連動装置を有する手首駆動装置とを備え、
前記第1手首軸、前記第2手首軸、及び前記第3手首軸の各軸の延伸方向は前記所定平面と平行であり、
前記第1手首軸から前記第2手首軸までの距離と前記第2手首軸から前記第3手首軸までの距離とが等しく、
前記連動装置が、前記第1手首軸と前記第3手首軸とが重なった状態から前記第1手首リンクが前記第1手首軸を中心として任意のα°回転したときに、前記第2手首リンクを前記第2手首軸を中心として-2α°回転させ且つ前記先端側接続体を前記第3手首軸を中心としてα°回転させることを特徴としている。なお、上記において、エンドエフェクタは、先端側接続体に直接的に接続されてもよいし、先端側接続体に更なる軸やリンクを間に介して接続されてもよい。
先端部が所定平面内で移動する一対のロボットアームと、
前記ロボットアームの各々に対し設けられたエンドエフェクタと、
前記ロボットアームと前記エンドエフェクタとを接続する前記手首と、
前記ロボットアーム、前記エンドエフェクタ、及び前記手首の動作を制御するコントローラとを備えることを特徴としている。
図1は双腕ロボット1の概略正面図、図2は双腕ロボット1の概略平面図である。図1及び図2に示すように、本発明の一実施形態に係る双腕ロボット1は、基台2と、基台2に支持された2本のロボットアーム(以下、単に「アーム3」と称する)と、各アーム3の先端部に接続されたエンドエフェクタ5と、アーム3とエンドエフェクタ5との間に設けられた手首4と、双腕ロボット1の動作を制御するコントローラ6とを備える。
アーム3は、先端部が所定の平面内で移動するように構成された多関節型のロボットアームである。このようなロボットアームとして、例えば、水平多関節型ロボットアームがある。以下では、アーム3の先端部が移動する平面と直交する方向を「Z方向」として説明する。2本のアーム3は、実質的に同一の構成を有しており、以下では、一方のアーム3の構成について説明し、他方のアーム3の構成についての説明を省略する。
手首4は、アーム3とエンドエフェクタ5とを接続するとともに、アーム3に対してエンドエフェクタ5をZ方向へ移動させる機能を備える。
図12は、双腕ロボット1の制御系統の構成を示す図である。図12に示すように、各アーム3の第1回転駆動装置61、第2回転駆動装置62、及び、手首駆動装置44の動作、並びに、エンドエフェクタ5の動作は、コントローラ6によって制御される。
以上に本発明の好適な実施の形態を説明したが、本発明の精神を逸脱しない範囲で、上記実施形態の具体的な構造及び/又は機能の詳細を変更したものも本発明に含まれ得る。上記の手首4の構成は、例えば、以下のように変更することができる。
2 :基台
3 :ロボットアーム
4,4A :手首
5 :エンドエフェクタ
6 :コントローラ
21 :基軸
31 :第1リンク
32 :第2リンク
33 :手首接続部
40 :基端側接続体
41 :第1手首リンク
42 :第2手首リンク
43 :先端側接続体
44 :手首駆動装置
45 :モータ
46 :連動装置
48 :モータ
49 :ブラケット
50 :フレキシブルホース
51,58,74 :ケーシング
52,59 :回転軸
53,55A,71,72,75 :プーリ
57,73,76 :伝動ベルト
61,62 :回転駆動装置
81~83 :テンションローラ
55,89~96 :ギア
A1 :第1軸
A2 :第2軸
L1 :第1手首軸
L2 :第2手首軸
L3 :第3手首軸
L4 :第4手首軸
Claims (6)
- 先端部が所定平面内で移動するロボットアームとエンドエフェクタとを接続する手首であって、
前記ロボットアームと接続される基端側接続体と、
前記基端側接続体に規定された第1手首軸を中心として回動可能に当該基端側接続体と連結された第1手首リンクと、
前記第1手首リンクに規定された第2手首軸を中心として回動可能に当該前記第1手首リンクと連結された第2手首リンクと、
前記第2手首リンクに規定された第3手首軸を中心として回動可能に当該第2手首リンクと連結され、前記エンドエフェクタと接続される先端側接続体と、
前記第1手首リンクに回転動力を付与する駆動源、及び、前記第1手首リンクの回転に前記第2手首リンクと前記先端側接続体を連動させる連動装置を有する手首駆動装置とを備え、
前記第1手首軸、前記第2手首軸、及び前記第3手首軸の各軸の延伸方向は前記所定平面と平行であり、
前記第1手首軸から前記第2手首軸までの距離と前記第2手首軸から前記第3手首軸までの距離とが等しく、
前記連動装置が、前記第1手首軸と前記第3手首軸とが重なった状態から前記第1手首リンクが前記第1手首軸を中心として任意のα°回転したときに、前記第2手首リンクを前記第2手首軸を中心として-2α°回転させ且つ前記先端側接続体を前記第3手首軸を中心としてα°回転させる、
ロボットアームの手首。 - 先端部が所定平面内で移動する一対のロボットアームと、
前記ロボットアームの各々に対し設けられたエンドエフェクタと、
前記ロボットアームと前記エンドエフェクタとを接続する、請求項1に記載の手首と、
前記ロボットアーム、前記エンドエフェクタ、及び前記手首の動作を制御するコントローラとを備える、
双腕ロボット。 - 前記コントローラは、両方の前記手首の前記第2手首軸の間に、両方の前記手首の前記第1手首軸が位置するように、前記手首を動作させる、
請求項2に記載の双腕ロボット。 - 前記コントローラは、両方の前記手首の前記第1手首軸の間に、両方の前記手首の前記第2手首軸が位置するように、前記手首を動作させる、
請求項2に記載の双腕ロボット。 - 前記コントローラは、両方の前記手首の前記第1手首軸と前記第2手首軸とを結ぶ直線が平行となるように、前記手首を動作させる、
請求項2に記載の双腕ロボット。 - 前記ロボットアームは、第1リンクと、前記第1リンクの先端部において当該第1リンクの上下の一方に基端部が接続された第2リンクとを有し、
前記手首の前記基端側接続体に前記駆動源が取り付けられて、前記駆動源が前記第2リンクよりも上下の前記一方に位置する、
請求項2~5のいずれか一項に記載の双腕ロボット。
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| KR1020207000576A KR20200019950A (ko) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-06-05 | 로봇 암의 손목 및 듀얼 암 로봇 |
| CN201880038088.2A CN110831729A (zh) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-06-05 | 机器人臂的手腕及双臂机器人 |
| US16/620,812 US20200139542A1 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-06-05 | Wrist of robot arm, and dual arm robot |
| EP18813372.2A EP3636399B1 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-06-05 | Wrist of robot arm, and dual arm robot |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2017114708A JP2019000912A (ja) | 2017-06-09 | 2017-06-09 | ロボットアームの手首及び双腕ロボット |
| JP2017-114708 | 2017-06-09 |
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| US (1) | US20200139542A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3636399B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2019000912A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20200019950A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN110831729A (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114829079A (zh) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-07-29 | 株式会社安川电机 | 机器人以及双臂机器人 |
| CN115122376A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-30 | 沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司 | 一种连杆型双臂直驱真空机械手 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112009295A (zh) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-12-01 | 五邑大学 | 一种无人机自主充电及更换电池装置 |
| JP7596159B2 (ja) * | 2021-01-14 | 2024-12-09 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 双腕ロボットシステム |
| JP7552392B2 (ja) * | 2021-01-29 | 2024-09-18 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | ロボット |
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- 2017-06-09 JP JP2017114708A patent/JP2019000912A/ja active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-06-05 WO PCT/JP2018/021541 patent/WO2018225722A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2018-06-05 CN CN201880038088.2A patent/CN110831729A/zh active Pending
- 2018-06-05 US US16/620,812 patent/US20200139542A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-06-05 KR KR1020207000576A patent/KR20200019950A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2018-06-05 EP EP18813372.2A patent/EP3636399B1/en active Active
- 2018-06-08 TW TW107119868A patent/TWI716690B/zh active
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| JPH065106Y2 (ja) | 1991-04-22 | 1994-02-09 | メドマン株式会社 | 産業用ロボットの手首装置 |
| JPH05301181A (ja) | 1992-04-24 | 1993-11-16 | Canon Inc | 移送ロボット |
| JPH07276271A (ja) | 1994-04-13 | 1995-10-24 | Sony Corp | 双腕ロボット |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114829079A (zh) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-07-29 | 株式会社安川电机 | 机器人以及双臂机器人 |
| CN115122376A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-30 | 沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司 | 一种连杆型双臂直驱真空机械手 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20200019950A (ko) | 2020-02-25 |
| EP3636399A4 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
| TW201902643A (zh) | 2019-01-16 |
| EP3636399A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
| JP2019000912A (ja) | 2019-01-10 |
| TWI716690B (zh) | 2021-01-21 |
| CN110831729A (zh) | 2020-02-21 |
| EP3636399B1 (en) | 2025-03-19 |
| US20200139542A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
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