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WO2018220505A1 - Active torso orthosis and method for producing same - Google Patents

Active torso orthosis and method for producing same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018220505A1
WO2018220505A1 PCT/IB2018/053771 IB2018053771W WO2018220505A1 WO 2018220505 A1 WO2018220505 A1 WO 2018220505A1 IB 2018053771 W IB2018053771 W IB 2018053771W WO 2018220505 A1 WO2018220505 A1 WO 2018220505A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
orthosis
pressure
trunk
trunk orthosis
pads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2018/053771
Other languages
French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Other versions
WO2018220505A4 (en
Inventor
João Guerreiro
Mariana MAIA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidade do Algarve
Original Assignee
Universidade do Algarve
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universidade do Algarve filed Critical Universidade do Algarve
Publication of WO2018220505A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018220505A1/en
Publication of WO2018220505A4 publication Critical patent/WO2018220505A4/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices ; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01Orthopaedic devices, e.g. long-term immobilising or pressure directing devices for treating broken or deformed bones such as splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/02Orthopaedic corsets
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices ; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01Orthopaedic devices, e.g. long-term immobilising or pressure directing devices for treating broken or deformed bones such as splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/02Orthopaedic corsets
    • A61F5/024Orthopaedic corsets having pressure pads connected in a frame for reduction or correction of the curvature of the spine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices ; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01Orthopaedic devices, e.g. long-term immobilising or pressure directing devices for treating broken or deformed bones such as splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/02Orthopaedic corsets
    • A61F5/026Back straightening devices with shoulder braces to force back the shoulder to obtain a correct curvature of the spine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices ; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01Orthopaedic devices, e.g. long-term immobilising or pressure directing devices for treating broken or deformed bones such as splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/02Orthopaedic corsets
    • A61F5/028Braces for providing support to the lower back, e.g. lumbo sacral supports

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a trunk orthosis comprising a rigid external structure with a pneumatic circuit which comprises a set of pressure sensors coupled to pneumatic pads, allowing the pressure exerted on the user's body to be made of gradually, actively and automatically.
  • This device can be used not only to promote support and immobilization of your wearer's spine but also for bedridden patients who can use it even for long periods due to the active pressure adjustment which promotes maintenance of the regular breathing cycle.
  • the present invention relates to the process of obtaining the active trunk orthosis.
  • the present invention falls within the technical field of orthoses, in particular trunk orthoses.
  • Palliative care seeks to improve the lives of patients and their families in the face of disease-related problems. end-of-life prevention through the prevention and alleviation of suffering through early identification, assessment and treatment of pain, physical, psychosocial and spiritual problems.
  • Cancer disease has a usually progressive course leading to a deterioration of the patient's condition which may lead to bone metastases and represent a highly prevalent complication of cancer with significant functional impact.
  • the spine is the site that suffers the most from metastases, as it can cause pain or metastatic compression of the spinal cord.
  • the trunk orthosis can be defined as an external device made of thermoplastic, with corrective forces applied to the trunk that allows to prevent progression, correct pathological lesions and prevent their collapse. Its design varies according to the pathology, but in most cases it has a simple, discrete, lightweight structure and is capable of correcting extension and elongation reflex deformations.
  • Trunk orthoses are mostly used in cases of idiopathic scoliosis for periods of 23 hours / day or 8 hours / day, presenting stable results and good adherence in the first months. However, constant difficulty in adhering and maintaining use for the recommended time periods is indicated due to discomfort caused by the rigid structure of the orthosis.
  • WO2005 / 122725 A2 discloses sagittal-coronally controlled thoracolumbosacral orthoses comprising two rigid plastic outer casings, an anterior casing and a posterior casing, which may comprise pressure pads, which are in contact with the patient's body. and can be customized, these pads are removable and air-inflated for support and stability.
  • US2016278964 A1 describes a stem orthosis comprising inflatable pads with check valves so that the pressure of these pads can be controlled by connecting the valve to a fluid supply source.
  • the pressure control exerted by the pads is not carried out with the necessary rigor, nor is there any possibility of gradual adjustment. Also this orthosis is not suitable for use in bedridden patients.
  • trunk orthoses such as the ones above, present the principles of promoting correct posture, balance of forces and action. creep and cage effect, without allowing a gradual regulation of orthosis pressure, which leads to factors that limit the use of trunk orthoses and which may lead to possible abandonment of the use of the device.
  • trunk orthoses Most of the limitations found with the use of trunk orthoses are associated with the number of hours the patient uses orthoses and the pressure performed by the devices.
  • the device of the present invention solves the problems cited and present in the prior art through a proposal of trunk orthotesis, with a pneumatic circuit that integrates a set of pneumatic pads and pressure sensors, which allows the pressure distribution between the regions. the anterior, posterior and lateral aspects of the body in a gradual, active and rigorous manner, providing its user with the common benefits of using a trunk orthosis, but still comfortable to use even after long periods of use.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the trunk orthosis according to the present invention in which:
  • (A) refers to the outer frame plates: A1 and A2 refer respectively to the front and rear plate and A3 and A4 to each side plate; (X) refers to pressure sensors: XI and X2 refer respectively to sensors controlling pads 11 and 14 and X3 and X4 to sensors controlling pads 12 and 13.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic of the pneumatic circuit B according to the present invention, wherein the reference numerals represent:
  • (B) refers to the pneumatic circuit which comprises:
  • 1 - Represents a compressor powered by 12 volt current
  • the present invention relates to an active trunk orthosis and method for obtaining it.
  • the active torso orthosis comprises a rigid external structure (A) of thermoplastic material comprising four plates (A1 to A4) surrounding the anterior (Al), posterior (A2) and lateral (A3 and A4) regions of the body and which are joined by four thermoplastic bands (Fig. 1).
  • a pneumatic circuit which comprises a set of pads (11 to 14), one for each plate (A) that makes up the orthosis, and sensor systems (XI to X4). ), with a first set of air inlet control valves (3 to 6), and a second set of air valves (7 to 10) responsible for controlling the air outlet of the respective air cushion (11 to 14).
  • the pneumatic pads 11 to 14 are preferably of waterproof, hypoallergenic material and resistant to pressure variations.
  • Sensors are devices that receive a signal and reciprocate with an electrical signal. Sensors are distinguished in assets, which directly generate an electrical signal in response to an external stimulus, and passive, which require an external power supply and / or an excitation signal.
  • a set of sensors (XI to X4) coupled to each of the pneumatic pads (11 to 14) which, when actuated, cause the pressure exerted on the user's body to be actively activated and thus be used to promote not only immobilization of the user's spine, but more importantly, the expansion of the rib cage through a slight deflation of the air cushion and vice versa, thereby maintaining normal breathing cycles.
  • pressure sensors should be placed between the rigid orthosis structure and the pneumatic pads to reduce the risk of pain, wounds or pressure ulcers, and the likelihood of mispositioning and incorrectly sensing forces. decreases .
  • the required pressure that the pressure sensors must measure when inflating the air cushions to the contact between the body surface and the air cushions, with no external load applied, is approximately 10 kPa to overcome volume changes due to edema and involuntary movements such as breathing.
  • Preferred pressure sensors are piezoresistive type and embedded in a fabric covering the semi-flexible structure.
  • the pneumatic pads allow adjustment of the patient's body surface, changing the initial pressure, stimulating the forces / tensions and providing high comfort and mobility of the spine to those who use it.
  • pressure sensors (X) have good results in the analysis of trunk areas most prone to pressure in the various bed positions.
  • Pressure can be observed through a pressure gauge (not shown in the figures) for each of the pads. Pressure is individually selected and preset for each pad via an automatic pressure controller (not shown in the figures). When a certain pressure is selected for each pad, the respective sensor (x) sends information to the electronic system (partially shown in the figures) of circuit (B), so that the adjustment can be made automatically, whether that pressure is involuntarily changed.
  • Circuit diagram (B) presents, in a first phase, 3 T-leads (2), which serve to create a parallel circuit and allow the compressor (1) to distribute air to the four portions of the orthosis. More specifically, said circuit (B) initially has 3 T-leads (2), two of which are connected to the air inlet solenoid valves (3 to 6).
  • circuit (B) has 4 further bypasses (2), one from each air inlet solenoid valve (3 to 6), each terminating in a single solenoid solenoid valve. air inlet and outlet control (7-10) in the respective pneumatic pad (11-14).
  • Pressure sensors are adjusted to maintain an average pressure in the circuit according to medical indication or user characteristics.
  • valves When the pressure detected in one of the sensors is above recommended, the valves (3, 4, 5 or 6) will open, depending on the respective sensor / valve (front, back, left side, right side).
  • valves When pressure at (11, 12,13 and / or 14) detected by the sensors is reached, the valves (3, 4, 5 and / or 6) close.
  • valves (7, 8, 9 or 10) When the pressure detected in one of the sensors is below the recommended, open the valves (7, 8, 9 or 10), depending on the respective sensor / valve (front, back, left side, right side).
  • the pneumatic circuit (B) may comprise a portable, 12-volt, battery-powered compressor (1) promoting the portability of the trunk orthosis of the present invention, and / or comprising a battery-powered compressor (1) mains electricity, thus allowing the compressor (1) to operate for a limited time even if mains electricity failure occurs.
  • the sensors are adjusted to maintain an average pressure in the circuit according to medical indication or user characteristics.
  • valves When the pressure detected in one of the sensors is higher than recommended, the valves (3, 4, 5 or 6) automatically open according to the respective sensor / valve (front, back, left side, right side), thanks to the information provided by the pressure sensors.
  • Each cushion should vary its pressure between 2KPa and 12 KPa.
  • a stop warning signal is activated.
  • the solenoid valves (3, 4, 5 and / or 6) close.
  • valves (7, 8, 9 or 10) open according to the respective sensor / valve (front, back, left side, right side).
  • a visual alarm system is also foreseen through the application of LED and audible alarm. These alarm systems are activated whenever there is a power outage resulting in loss of system functions (color 1), faulty system shutdown (color 2), overpressure detected in sensors (color 2), cushion pressure and current surge prevention (color 2). If excess pressure in the pads is detected, a compressor stop signal is given, all solenoid valves open and the system shuts down.
  • the outer structure (A) of the orthosis is made of a rigid, plastic material, preferably a thermoplastic material.
  • Suitable thermoplastic materials are, for example, polypropylene and low density polyethylene, or combinations of both, which allows for a flexible and adjustable structure.
  • polypropylene and low density polyethylene or combinations of both, which allows for a flexible and adjustable structure.
  • polypropylene and given its characteristics it allows to apply corrective forces, while the low density polyethylene makes it easier to place the device on the user due to its flexibility.
  • the limits of the design of the active device being below the anthropometric values, also facilitate the movements that users perform voluntarily or involuntarily, without preventing a correct stabilization of the pelvic girdle, such as breathing, peristaltic and other movements, which when Difficulty may cause difficulty breathing, digestion, urinary and fecal retention, and cardiac malaise.
  • the active trunk orthosis comprises a rigid external structure (A), a pneumatic circuit (B) comprising a set of sensors (X) coupled to pneumatic pads (11-14), and a compressor ( 1).
  • the production process of this orthosis comprises negative mold drawing, positive mold correction and thermoforming to obtain the final device.
  • anthropometric measurements according to the user's dimensions are used. Plaster bandages are then used to delimit the regions of interest and allow to dry to give the negative cast. After drying, the negative mold is cut through pre-demarcated auxiliary lines so that it can be removed from the subject and closed with plaster bandages.
  • the roughness of the mold should be removed and roughened in the abdominal area so that a suspension zone can be exerted on the trunk orthosis and the iliac groove region.
  • pressure-relieving plaster is placed in the regions of the iliac crest, great trochanter and in the posterior region of the mold to create a plane of symmetry.
  • the mold is smoothed, for example, with a water network to eliminate any roughness and a wet plaster bandage layer is applied to the entire mold.
  • thermoplastic material preferably polypropylene
  • the side plates are bonded with thermoplastic material, preferably with low density polyethylene, along the length of the orthosis.
  • the mold is roughened by the design boundary to remove excess material and round the edges of the trunk orthosis to obtain the external structure of the trunk orthosis.
  • the pressure electrodes preferably piezoresistive type, are embedded in a fabric covering the outer frame and finally the pneumatic pad, and the pressure sensors must be placed between the rigid orthosis frame and the pneumatic pads to decrease the risk of pain, wounds or pressure sores, and the likelihood of being misplaced and incorrectly detecting forces decreases, as noted above.
  • Pubic symphysis, anterosuperior iliac spine, posterosuperior iliac spine, iliac crest, iliac grooves, great trochanter, subclavicular fossa, xiphoid appendage, lower angle of shoulder blade, coccyx, and C7 cervical vertebra were marked.
  • anthropometric measurements Tables 1 and 2).
  • the molding was performed according to common orthoprotective practices and five bandages were unrolled around the user's body sequentially from the anterior and posterior region. From the most prominent area of the buttocks to the axillary area. Strips were cut into the plaster bandages and placed in the shoulder area to cover the subclavicular fossa. Horizontal and downward pressure was exerted above the iliac crests to delimit the region. The negative mold was allowed to dry and, with the aid of a dermatographic pencil, was demarcated in the area of the metal bar and in the shoulder area.
  • the negative mold was cut into these auxiliary cutting lines in order to remove it from the participant.
  • the mold was removed from the subject and closed with plaster bandages.
  • the existing roughness in the mold was removed and about 2 CM was thinned in the abdominal area, in order to exert a suspension zone in the trunk orthosis and in the iliac groove region.
  • Pressure relief plaster was placed in the regions of the iliac crest, great trochanter and in the posterior part of the mold to create a plane of symmetry.
  • the mold was smoothed with sandpaper to remove any roughness and a wet plaster bandage layer was applied over the entire mold.
  • a pneumatic circuit is coupled to the trunk orthosis which is powered by a 12 volt compressor.
  • the system has four branches that end in a solenoid valve. After each of the solenoid valves there is a branch of the circuit for a pad and a second solenoid valve.
  • the pads are applied to the anterior, lateral and posterior part of the trunk orthosis, thus obtaining a personalized active trunk orthosis, which allows the pressure distribution between the anterior, posterior and lateral regions of the body, thus conferring comfort to its user beyond its primary function.
  • an active stem orthosis comprising a rigid external support structure composed of 4 pieces of 5MM polypropylene, connected by low density polyethylene, according to the dimensions shown in Table 3 below:
  • the two lateral pieces have been designed with progressively increasing width to ensure pressure in the iliac grooves, and the length is intended to slightly relieve the axillary and hip region.
  • the anterior part covers the xiphoid appendage and slightly above the upper edge of the pubic symphysis, and is designed to progressively increase the width from the xiphoid appendage region to above the upper edge of the pubic symphysis.
  • the rear part has larger dimensions than the front part to promote the bowl backwards. Its width has also been designed to progressively increase from the shoulder blades to above the gluteal region.
  • the structure is also composed of 4 flexible 3MM low density polyethylene (PELD) pieces, with 7CM width and 45 CM length.
  • PELD low density polyethylene
  • these pieces were drilled holes with a distance of 3CM from the margin and 5CM between each hole, and were riveted between the side and back pieces, the excess material was chopped so as to face the rigid structure.
  • the remaining 2 flexible pieces were riveted to the previous one only.
  • two holes were drilled on each side of the rigid structure, both at 5CM but side margins of the part, the closest to the upper edge of the pubic symphysis 5CM from the lower margin and the other 15CM from it.
  • In the anterior piece was riveted velcro, and in the set of lateral and posterior parts was riveted, with skin, the buckle.
  • Bedridden patients are in the same position for a long time, changing the position between the dorsal, right lateral and left lateral positions over the hours. As such, as the decubitus will occur, greater pressure will occur on the posterior region of the orthosis or on the sides. In this way, the pressure can be adjusted to the decubitus position up to the limit of 18KPa and the pressure on the remaining pads can be reduced, maintaining a sum of 72KPa on the 4 sensors.
  • the pressure range is regulated by the pressure gauge.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a torso orthosis that can be used to support and immobilise a patient's column, also for bedridden patients. The device according to the present invention comprises a rigid plastics structure to support the torso and also a pneumatic circuit including an electronic system with a set of pressure sensors and a pressure controller, and pneumatic cushions that can be gradually, actively and automatically filled and emptied, each pneumatic cushion independently, in order to regulate the pressure applied to the orthosis. The method for producing the torso orthosis includes negative mould casting, positive mould correction and final thermal moulding of the device. Thus, the present invention belongs to the technical field of orthopedic devices, in particular for use on the torso.

Description

DESCRIÇÃO  DESCRIPTION

Ortótese de tronco activa e processo para a sua produção Active trunk orthosis and process for its production

Domínio técnico Technical Domain

A presente invenção relaciona-se com uma ortótese de tronco, que compreende uma estrutura externa rígida com um circuito pneumático, o qual integra um conjunto de sensores de pressão acoplados a almofadas pneumáticas, permitindo que a pressão exercida sobre o corpo do utilizador seja feita de uma forma gradual, activa e automática. The present invention relates to a trunk orthosis comprising a rigid external structure with a pneumatic circuit which comprises a set of pressure sensors coupled to pneumatic pads, allowing the pressure exerted on the user's body to be made of gradually, actively and automatically.

Este dispositivo pode ser utilizado, não apenas para promover suporte e imobilização da coluna do seu utilizador, mas também por doentes acamados, que o podem utilizar mesmo durante longos períodos, devido ao ajuste de pressão activo que promove a manutenção do ciclo respiratório regular. This device can be used not only to promote support and immobilization of your wearer's spine but also for bedridden patients who can use it even for long periods due to the active pressure adjustment which promotes maintenance of the regular breathing cycle.

Noutro aspecto, a presente invenção diz respeito ao processo de obtenção da ortótese de tronco activa. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the process of obtaining the active trunk orthosis.

Desta forma, a presente invenção insere-se no domínio técnico das ortóteses, em particular das ortóteses de tronco . Thus, the present invention falls within the technical field of orthoses, in particular trunk orthoses.

Antecedentes da invenção Background of the invention

Os cuidados paliativos procuram melhorar a vida dos pacientes e dos seus familiares face a problemas associados a doenças de fim de vida, por meio da prevenção e do alivio do sofrimento com a identificação precoce, a avaliação e o tratamento da dor, problemas físicos, psicossociais e espirituais . Palliative care seeks to improve the lives of patients and their families in the face of disease-related problems. end-of-life prevention through the prevention and alleviation of suffering through early identification, assessment and treatment of pain, physical, psychosocial and spiritual problems.

A doença oncológica tem um curso habitualmente progressivo levando a uma degradação do estado do doente e que pode levar a metástases ósseas e representam uma complicação altamente prevalente de cancro com impacto funcional significativo. A coluna vertebral é o local que mais sofre com as metástases, pois pode originar dor ou compressão metastática da medula espinhal . Cancer disease has a usually progressive course leading to a deterioration of the patient's condition which may lead to bone metastases and represent a highly prevalent complication of cancer with significant functional impact. The spine is the site that suffers the most from metastases, as it can cause pain or metastatic compression of the spinal cord.

A ortótese de tronco pode ser definido como um dispositivo externo realizado em termoplástico, com aplicação de forças corretivas para o tronco e que permite evitar a progressão, corrigir lesões patológicas e evitar o colapso das mesmas. 0 seu desenho varia conforme a patologia, mas apresenta, na maioria dos casos, uma estrutura simples, discreta, leve e tem a capacidade para corrigir deformações por reflexo de extensão e alongamento. The trunk orthosis can be defined as an external device made of thermoplastic, with corrective forces applied to the trunk that allows to prevent progression, correct pathological lesions and prevent their collapse. Its design varies according to the pathology, but in most cases it has a simple, discrete, lightweight structure and is capable of correcting extension and elongation reflex deformations.

As ortóteses de tronco são utilizadas maioritariamente em casos de escoliose idiopática, por períodos de 23 horas/dia ou 8 horas/dia, apresentando resultados estáveis e boa adesão nos primeiros meses. No entanto, é indicada constante dificuldade de adesão e manutenção da utilização pelos períodos de tempo recomendados devido ao desconforto causado pela estrutura rígida da ortótese. Trunk orthoses are mostly used in cases of idiopathic scoliosis for periods of 23 hours / day or 8 hours / day, presenting stable results and good adherence in the first months. However, constant difficulty in adhering and maintaining use for the recommended time periods is indicated due to discomfort caused by the rigid structure of the orthosis.

0 risco de fratura associado às metástases ósseas e a necessidade de promoção de qualidade de vida nos utentes em cuidados paliativos, leva à necessidade de desenvolvimento de uma ortótese que promova suporte do corpo, mas que permita a regulação de pressão através de um mecanismo pneumático regulado por sensores de pressão. The risk of fracture associated with bone metastases and the need to promote quality of life in palliative care patients leads to the need for development. of an orthosis that promotes body support but allows pressure regulation through a pneumatic mechanism regulated by pressure sensors.

0 documento WO2005/122725 A2 descreve ortóteses toracolombosacral , com controlo sagital-coronal , que compreendem duas caixas externas em plástico rígido, uma caixa anterior e uma caixa posterior, as quais podem compreender almofadas de pressão, que ficam em contacto com o corpo do paciente e podem ser personalizadas, sendo estas almofadas amovíveis e insufladas com ar, de forma a conferirem apoio e estabilidade. WO2005 / 122725 A2 discloses sagittal-coronally controlled thoracolumbosacral orthoses comprising two rigid plastic outer casings, an anterior casing and a posterior casing, which may comprise pressure pads, which are in contact with the patient's body. and can be customized, these pads are removable and air-inflated for support and stability.

Contudo, estas almofadas de pressão são reguladas de forma manual e, portanto, não podem ser reguladas com rigor nem de forma gradual, podem mover-se do local pretendido e podem perder pressão ao longo do tempo, tornando a ortótese não só ineficaz, mas até eventualmente contraindicada para o objectivo desejado. Não podem ser usadas em doentes acamados. However, these pressure pads are manually adjusted and therefore cannot be finely or gradually adjusted, may move from the intended location and may lose pressure over time, making the orthosis not only ineffective but also ineffective. until eventually contraindicated for the desired purpose. They cannot be used on bedridden patients.

0 documento US2016278964 Al descreve uma ortótese de tronco que compreende almofadas insufláveis, com válvulas de retenção, de forma a se poder controlar a pressão dessas almofadas, através da ligação da válvula a uma fonte de fornecimento de um fluido. Contudo, também no caso desta ortótese, o controlo da pressão exercida pelas almofadas não é efectuado com o rigor necessário, nem há a possibilidade de ajuste gradual. Também esta ortótese não é adequada para utilização em doentes acamados. US2016278964 A1 describes a stem orthosis comprising inflatable pads with check valves so that the pressure of these pads can be controlled by connecting the valve to a fluid supply source. However, also in the case of this orthosis, the pressure control exerted by the pads is not carried out with the necessary rigor, nor is there any possibility of gradual adjustment. Also this orthosis is not suitable for use in bedridden patients.

Os modelos de ortóteses de tronco existentes disponíveis, tais como os atrás referidos, apresentam os princípios de promoção da postura correta, do equilíbrio das forças e da ação desrotacional e efeito de jaula, sem permitir uma regulação gradual da pressão da ortotese, o que leva a fatores que limitam o uso das ortóteses de tronco e que podem levar a um possível abandono da utilização do dispositivo. The available models of existing trunk orthoses, such as the ones above, present the principles of promoting correct posture, balance of forces and action. creep and cage effect, without allowing a gradual regulation of orthosis pressure, which leads to factors that limit the use of trunk orthoses and which may lead to possible abandonment of the use of the device.

Na sua maioria, as limitações encontradas ao uso de ortóteses de tronco estão associadas ao número de horas que o paciente utiliza a ortotese e à pressão realizada pelos dispositivos. Most of the limitations found with the use of trunk orthoses are associated with the number of hours the patient uses orthoses and the pressure performed by the devices.

Desta forma, existe a necessidade de se desenvolver uma ortotese de tronco que permita regular as pressões, e avaliar o seu correto funcionamento, em qualquer decúbito que a pessoa em cuidados paliativos possa adotar, usando-a com conforto durante longos períodos. Thus, there is a need to develop a trunk orthosis that allows the pressure to be regulated, and to evaluate its correct functioning, in any position that the person in palliative care may adopt, using it comfortably for long periods.

0 dispositivo da presente invenção resolve os problemas citados e presentes no estado da técnica através de uma proposta de ortotese de tronco, com um circuito pneumático que integra um conjunto de almofadas pneumáticas e sensores de pressão, o qual permite a distribuição da pressão entre as regiões anterior, posterior e lateral do corpo, de uma forma gradual, activa e rigorosa, proporcionando ao seu utilizador os benefícios comuns do uso de uma ortotese de tronco, mas ainda o seu uso confortável mesmo ao final de longos períodos de uso . The device of the present invention solves the problems cited and present in the prior art through a proposal of trunk orthotesis, with a pneumatic circuit that integrates a set of pneumatic pads and pressure sensors, which allows the pressure distribution between the regions. the anterior, posterior and lateral aspects of the body in a gradual, active and rigorous manner, providing its user with the common benefits of using a trunk orthosis, but still comfortable to use even after long periods of use.

Descrição das figuras Description of the figures

Fig. 1 - apresenta um esquema da ortotese de tronco, de acordo com a presente invenção em que: Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the trunk orthosis according to the present invention in which:

(A) refere-se às placas da estrutura externa: Al e A2 referem- se respectivamente à placa anterior e posterior e A3 e A4 a cada uma das placas laterais; (X) refere-se aos sensores de pressão: XI e X2 referem-se respetivamente aos sensores que controlam as almofadas 11 e 14 e X3 e X4 os sensores que controlam as almofadas 12 e 13. (A) refers to the outer frame plates: A1 and A2 refer respectively to the front and rear plate and A3 and A4 to each side plate; (X) refers to pressure sensors: XI and X2 refer respectively to sensors controlling pads 11 and 14 and X3 and X4 to sensors controlling pads 12 and 13.

Fig. 2 Apresenta um esquema do circuito pneumático B, de acordo com a presente invenção, em que os números de referência representam : Fig. 2 shows a schematic of the pneumatic circuit B according to the present invention, wherein the reference numerals represent:

(B) refere-se ao circuito pneumático, o qual compreende:  (B) refers to the pneumatic circuit which comprises:

1 - Representa um compressor alimentado por corrente a 12 volt ;  1 - Represents a compressor powered by 12 volt current;

2 - Representa derivações em "T" no circuito pneumático;  2 - Represents "T" leads in the pneumatic circuit;

3 a 6 - Representam as electroválvulas de controlo da entrada de ar no sistema, em que:  3 to 6 - Represents the air inlet control solenoid valves in which:

3 - Representa a electroválvula de controlo da entrada de ar na região anterior da ortótese de tronco;  3 - Represents the air intake control solenoid valve in the anterior region of the trunk orthosis;

4 - Representa a electroválvula de controlo da entrada de ar na região lateral (direita) da ortótese de tronco; 4 - Represents the air intake control solenoid valve in the lateral (right) region of the trunk orthosis;

5 - Representa a electroválvula de controlo da entrada de ar na região lateral (esquerda) da ortótese de tronco;5 - Represents the air intake control solenoid valve in the lateral (left) region of the trunk orthosis;

6 - Representa a electroválvula de controlo da entrada de ar na região posterior da ortótese de tronco 6 - Represents the air intake control solenoid valve in the posterior region of the trunk orthosis

7 a 10 - Representam as electroválvulas de controlo da saída de ar para o exterior do sistema, em que  7 to 10 - Represent the control valves of the air outlet to the outside of the system, where

7 - Representa a electroválvula de controlo da saída de ar para o exterior da região anterior da ortótese de tronco ;  7 - Represents the air outlet control solenoid valve outside the anterior region of the trunk orthosis;

8 - Representa a electroválvula de controlo da saída de ar para o exterior da região lateral (direita) da  8 - Represents the air outlet control solenoid valve outside the lateral (right) region of the

ortótese de tronco;  trunk orthosis;

9 - Representa a electroválvula de controlo da saída de ar para o exterior da região lateral (esquerda) da ortótese de tronco;  9 - Represents the air outlet control solenoid valve outside the lateral (left) region of the trunk orthosis;

10 - Representa a electroválvula de controlo da saída de ar para o exterior da região posterior da ortótese de tronco ; 10 - Represents the control valve of the output of air outside the posterior region of the trunk orthosis;

11 a 14 - Representam as almofadas pneumáticas, em que:  11 to 14 - Represent pneumatic pads, in which:

11 - Representa a almofada localizada na região anterior da ortótese de tronco;  11 - Represents the cushion located in the anterior region of the trunk orthosis;

12 - Representa a almofada localizada na região lateral (direita) da ortótese de tronco;  12 - Represents the cushion located in the lateral (right) region of the trunk orthosis;

13 - Representa a almofada localizada na região lateral (esquerda) da ortótese de tronco;  13 - Represents the cushion located in the lateral (left) region of the trunk orthosis;

14 - Representa a almofada localizada na região posterior da ortótese de tronco.  14 - Represents the cushion located in the posterior region of the trunk orthosis.

Descrição da forma de realização preferencial Description of preferred embodiment

A presente invenção relaciona-se com uma ortótese de tronco activa e processo para a sua obtenção. The present invention relates to an active trunk orthosis and method for obtaining it.

1. Ortótese de tronco activa 1. Active trunk orthosis

A ortótese de tronco activa compreende uma estrutura externa rígida (A) , em material termoplástico, que compreende quatro placas (Al a A4), envolvendo a região anterior (Al), posterior (A2) e laterais (A3 e A4) do corpo e que estão unidas por quatro bandas de termoplástico (Fig.l) . The active torso orthosis comprises a rigid external structure (A) of thermoplastic material comprising four plates (A1 to A4) surrounding the anterior (Al), posterior (A2) and lateral (A3 and A4) regions of the body and which are joined by four thermoplastic bands (Fig. 1).

A estas placas (A) encontra-se acoplado um circuito pneumático (B) , o qual compreende um conjunto de almofadas (11 a 14), uma para cada placa (A) que compõe a ortótese, e sistemas de sensores (XI a X4), com um primeiro conjunto de electroválvulas (3 a 6) de controlo da entrada de ar no circuito, e um segundo conjunto de electroválvulas (7 a 10) responsáveis pelo controlo da saída de ar da respectiva almofada pneumática (11 a 14) . As almofadas pneumáticas (11 a 14) são, preferencialmente, de material impermeável, hipoalergénico e resistente às variações de pressão. To these plates (A) is coupled a pneumatic circuit (B) which comprises a set of pads (11 to 14), one for each plate (A) that makes up the orthosis, and sensor systems (XI to X4). ), with a first set of air inlet control valves (3 to 6), and a second set of air valves (7 to 10) responsible for controlling the air outlet of the respective air cushion (11 to 14). The pneumatic pads 11 to 14 are preferably of waterproof, hypoallergenic material and resistant to pressure variations.

Sensores são dispositivos que recebem um sinal e retribui com um sinal elétrico. Distinguem-se os sensores em ativos, que geram diretamente um sinal elétrico como resposta a um estimulo externo, e os passivos, que necessitam de uma fonte de alimentação externa e/ou um sinal de excitação. Sensors are devices that receive a signal and reciprocate with an electrical signal. Sensors are distinguished in assets, which directly generate an electrical signal in response to an external stimulus, and passive, which require an external power supply and / or an excitation signal.

Existe um conjunto de sensores (XI a X4) acoplado a cada uma das almofadas pneumáticas (11 a 14), as quais, ao serem actuadas, fazem com que a pressão exercida sobre o corpo do utilizador seja feita de uma forma activa, podendo portanto ser usada para promover não apenas a imobilização da coluna do utilizador, mas também e mais importante ainda, a expansão da caixa torácica, através de um ligeiro esvaziamento da almofada pneumática e vice-versa, permitindo assim manter os ciclos respiratórios normais. There is a set of sensors (XI to X4) coupled to each of the pneumatic pads (11 to 14) which, when actuated, cause the pressure exerted on the user's body to be actively activated and thus be used to promote not only immobilization of the user's spine, but more importantly, the expansion of the rib cage through a slight deflation of the air cushion and vice versa, thereby maintaining normal breathing cycles.

No desenvolvimento de ortóteses ativas, os sensores de pressão devem ser colocados entre a estrutura rígida da ortótese e as almofadas pneumáticas, para diminuir o risco de dor, feridas ou úlceras de pressão, e a probabilidade de ficarem mal colocados e detetar forças de forma incorreta diminui . In the development of active orthoses, pressure sensors should be placed between the rigid orthosis structure and the pneumatic pads to reduce the risk of pain, wounds or pressure ulcers, and the likelihood of mispositioning and incorrectly sensing forces. decreases .

A pressão necessária que os sensores de pressão devem medir, para o enchimento das almofadas pneumáticas, até ao contacto entre a superfície corporal e as almofadas pneumáticas, sem qualquer carga externa aplicada, é de aproximadamente 10 kPa, de modo a superar alterações de volume devido a edema e de movimentos involuntários como os da respiração. Os sensores de pressão preferenciais sao do tipo piezoresistivo e embutidos num tecido que cobre a estrutura semi-flexivel . The required pressure that the pressure sensors must measure when inflating the air cushions to the contact between the body surface and the air cushions, with no external load applied, is approximately 10 kPa to overcome volume changes due to edema and involuntary movements such as breathing. Preferred pressure sensors are piezoresistive type and embedded in a fabric covering the semi-flexible structure.

As almofadas pneumáticas permitem o ajuste da superfície corporal do paciente, alterando a pressão inicial, permite estimular as forças/tensões e proporciona alto conforto e a mobilidade da coluna a quem a utiliza. Além disso, os sensores de pressão (X) apresentam bons resultados na análise às zonas do tronco mais sujeitas a pressões nos diversos decúbitos do leito . The pneumatic pads allow adjustment of the patient's body surface, changing the initial pressure, stimulating the forces / tensions and providing high comfort and mobility of the spine to those who use it. In addition, pressure sensors (X) have good results in the analysis of trunk areas most prone to pressure in the various bed positions.

A pressão pode ser observada através de um indicador de pressão (não representado nas figuras) para cada uma das almofadas. A pressão é selecionada individualmente e pré-definida para cada almofada, através de um controlador automático de pressão (não representado nas figuras) . Ao ser selecionada uma determinada pressão, para cada almofada, o respectivo sensor (x) envia informação ao sistema electrónico (parcialmente representado nas figuras) do circuito (B) , para que o ajuste se faça de forma automática, quer essa pressão venha a ser alterada involuntariamente . Pressure can be observed through a pressure gauge (not shown in the figures) for each of the pads. Pressure is individually selected and preset for each pad via an automatic pressure controller (not shown in the figures). When a certain pressure is selected for each pad, the respective sensor (x) sends information to the electronic system (partially shown in the figures) of circuit (B), so that the adjustment can be made automatically, whether that pressure is involuntarily changed.

0 esquema do circuito (B) apresenta, numa primeira fase, 3 derivações (2) em T, que servem para criar um circuito em paralelo e permitir que o compressor (1) distribua o ar para as quatro porções da ortótese. Mais especificamente, o referido circuito (B) apresenta, numa primeira fase, 3 derivações em "T" (2), duas das quais se encontram ligadas às electroválvulas (3 a 6) de entrada de ar no circuito. Circuit diagram (B) presents, in a first phase, 3 T-leads (2), which serve to create a parallel circuit and allow the compressor (1) to distribute air to the four portions of the orthosis. More specifically, said circuit (B) initially has 3 T-leads (2), two of which are connected to the air inlet solenoid valves (3 to 6).

Numa segunda fase, o circuito (B) apresenta mais 4 derivações (2), uma a partir de cada electroválvula (3 a 6) de entrada de ar, que terminam, cada uma delas, numa electroválvula de controlo de entrada e saída de ar (7 a 10) na respectiva almofada pneumática (11 a 14) . In a second phase, circuit (B) has 4 further bypasses (2), one from each air inlet solenoid valve (3 to 6), each terminating in a single solenoid solenoid valve. air inlet and outlet control (7-10) in the respective pneumatic pad (11-14).

Desta forma, quando as electroválvulas (3, 4, 5 ou 6) se encontram fechadas, o compressor (1) está desligado. Caso uma destas válvulas seja aberta, o compressor (1) é ligado. Thus, when the solenoid valves (3, 4, 5 or 6) are closed, the compressor (1) is switched off. If one of these valves is opened, the compressor (1) is started.

Assim, Like this,

- No caso das electroválvulas (3, 4, 5 ou 6) se encontrarem fechadas, então o compressor (1) está desligado. Caso uma das válvulas se encontre aberta, o compressor (1) permanece ligado .  - If the solenoid valves (3, 4, 5 or 6) are closed, then the compressor (1) is switched off. If one of the valves is open, the compressor (1) remains on.

- Os sensores de pressão são regulados para manterem uma pressão média no circuito de acordo com indicação médica ou com as características do utilizador.  - Pressure sensors are adjusted to maintain an average pressure in the circuit according to medical indication or user characteristics.

- Quando pressão detetada num dos sensores está acima do recomendado ocorre a abertura das válvulas (3, 4, 5 ou 6), conforme o sensor/ válvula respetiva (anterior, posterior, lateral esquerda, lateral direita) .  - When the pressure detected in one of the sensors is above recommended, the valves (3, 4, 5 or 6) will open, depending on the respective sensor / valve (front, back, left side, right side).

- Quando se atinge pressão em (11, 12,13 e/ou 14), detetada pelos sensores, ocorre o fecho das válvulas (3, 4, 5 e/ou 6) .  - When pressure at (11, 12,13 and / or 14) detected by the sensors is reached, the valves (3, 4, 5 and / or 6) close.

- Quando a pressão detetada num dos sensores está abaixo do recomendado há a abertura das válvulas (7, 8, 9 ou 10), conforme o sensor/ válvula respetiva (anterior, posterior, lateral esquerda, lateral direita)  - When the pressure detected in one of the sensors is below the recommended, open the valves (7, 8, 9 or 10), depending on the respective sensor / valve (front, back, left side, right side).

0 circuito pneumático (B) pode compreender um compressor (1) portátil, com uma voltagem de 12 volts, e alimentado por baterias, promovendo a portabilidade da ortótese de tronco da presente invenção, e/ou por compreender um compressor (1) alimentado a electricidade de rede, permitindo assim que o compressor (1) possa funcionar, por um tempo limitado, ainda que ocorra falha na electricidade de rede. Os sensores são regulados para manterem uma pressão media no circuito de acordo com indicação médica ou características do utilizador . The pneumatic circuit (B) may comprise a portable, 12-volt, battery-powered compressor (1) promoting the portability of the trunk orthosis of the present invention, and / or comprising a battery-powered compressor (1) mains electricity, thus allowing the compressor (1) to operate for a limited time even if mains electricity failure occurs. The sensors are adjusted to maintain an average pressure in the circuit according to medical indication or user characteristics.

Quando a pressão detetada num dos sensores está acima do recomendado ocorre a abertura automática das válvulas (3, 4, 5 ou 6), conforme o sensor/ válvula respetiva (anterior, posterior, lateral esquerda, lateral direita) , graças à informação fornecida pelos sensores de pressão. Cada almofada deverá variar a sua pressão entre 2KPa e 12 KPa. When the pressure detected in one of the sensors is higher than recommended, the valves (3, 4, 5 or 6) automatically open according to the respective sensor / valve (front, back, left side, right side), thanks to the information provided by the pressure sensors. Each cushion should vary its pressure between 2KPa and 12 KPa.

Caso alguma das almofadas aumente a sua pressão acima de 18KPa, ou a soma da pressão das 4 almofadas seja superior a 72KPa, é activado um sinal de alerta de paragem. Quando se atinge pressão 12KPa nas almofadas (11, 12,13 e/ou 14), detetada pelos sensores, ocorre o fecho das electroválvulas (3, 4, 5 e/ou 6) . If any of the pads increases their pressure above 18KPa, or the sum of the pressure of the 4 pads exceeds 72KPa, a stop warning signal is activated. When pressure 12KPa is reached in the pads (11, 12,13 and / or 14) detected by the sensors, the solenoid valves (3, 4, 5 and / or 6) close.

Quando a pressão detetada num dos sensores está abaixo de 2KPa ocorre a abertura das válvulas (7, 8, 9 ou 10), conforme o sensor/ válvula respetiva (anterior, posterior, lateral esquerda, lateral direita) . When the pressure detected in one of the sensors is below 2KPa, the valves (7, 8, 9 or 10) open according to the respective sensor / valve (front, back, left side, right side).

Encontra-se ainda prevista a existência um sistema de alarme visual, através da aplicação de LED e alarme sonoro. Estes sistemas de alarme são ativados sempre que exista falta de energia, e que resulte na perda de funções do sistema (cor 1), paragem do sistema por avaria (cor 2), excesso de pressão detetada nos sensores (cor 2), excesso de pressão nas almofadas e prevenção de picos de corrente (cor 2) . Caso seja detetado excesso de pressão nas almofadas é dado sinal de paragem do compressor, há a abertura de todas as electroválvulas e o sistema desliga-se. A estrutura externa (A) da ortótese é feita de um material rígido, plástico, preferencialmente de um material termoplástico . A visual alarm system is also foreseen through the application of LED and audible alarm. These alarm systems are activated whenever there is a power outage resulting in loss of system functions (color 1), faulty system shutdown (color 2), overpressure detected in sensors (color 2), cushion pressure and current surge prevention (color 2). If excess pressure in the pads is detected, a compressor stop signal is given, all solenoid valves open and the system shuts down. The outer structure (A) of the orthosis is made of a rigid, plastic material, preferably a thermoplastic material.

Materiais termoplásticos adequados são, por exemplo o polipropileno e o polietileno de baixa densidade, ou combinações de ambos, o que permite a obtenção de uma estrutura flexível e ajustável. No caso do polipropileno e atendendo às suas características, permite aplicar forças corretivas, enquanto o polietileno de baixa densidade, permite colocar o dispositivo no utilizador de forma mais facilitada devido à sua flexibilidade . Suitable thermoplastic materials are, for example, polypropylene and low density polyethylene, or combinations of both, which allows for a flexible and adjustable structure. In the case of polypropylene and given its characteristics, it allows to apply corrective forces, while the low density polyethylene makes it easier to place the device on the user due to its flexibility.

Para além disso, uma vez que as peças que constituem a caixa se encontram termomoldadas ao molde do tronco do utilizador, existe uma maior facilidade de ajuste a alterações de volume do corpo da pessoa e ajuste nas regiões anatómicas de referência . In addition, since the casing parts are thermoformed to the trunk template of the wearer, there is greater ease of adjustment to volume changes of the person's body and adjustment in the reference anatomical regions.

Os limites da concepção do dispositivo ativo, ao estarem abaixo dos valores antropométricos , facilitam ainda os movimentos que os utilizadores executam voluntariamente ou involuntariamente, sem impedir uma correta estabilização da cintura pélvica, como é o caso da respiração, movimentos peristálticos e outros, que quando dificultados podem provocar dificuldade em respirar, em fazer a digestão, retenção urinária e fecal e mau estar cardíaco . The limits of the design of the active device, being below the anthropometric values, also facilitate the movements that users perform voluntarily or involuntarily, without preventing a correct stabilization of the pelvic girdle, such as breathing, peristaltic and other movements, which when Difficulty may cause difficulty breathing, digestion, urinary and fecal retention, and cardiac malaise.

Se considerarmos a pressão aplicada num dispositivo como um fator limitador à sua adesão, este fator pode suscitar maior importância em situações de neoplasia secundária, porque a pressão exercida pode aumentar o desconforto e dor, levando à não adesão e menor bem-estar. 2. Processo de obtenção de uma ortótese de tronco If we consider the pressure applied to a device as a limiting factor to its adherence, this factor may be of greater importance in situations of secondary neoplasia, because the pressure exerted may increase discomfort and pain, leading to non-adherence and lower well-being. 2. Process of obtaining a trunk orthosis

Como foi anteriormente referido, a ortótese de tronco activa compreende uma estrutura (A) externa rígida, um circuito pneumático (B) , que compreende um conjunto de sensores (X) acoplados a almofadas pneumáticas (11-14), e por um compressor (1). As mentioned above, the active trunk orthosis comprises a rigid external structure (A), a pneumatic circuit (B) comprising a set of sensors (X) coupled to pneumatic pads (11-14), and a compressor ( 1).

0 processo de produção desta ortótese compreende a tiragem de molde negativo, a correção de molde positivo e a termomoldagem para obtenção do dispositivo final. The production process of this orthosis comprises negative mold drawing, positive mold correction and thermoforming to obtain the final device.

1 Molde negativo 1 negative mold

Para preparação do molde negativo usam-se medidas antropométricas de acordo com as dimensões do utilizador. Em seguida, usam-se ligaduras de gesso para delimitar as regiões de interesse e deixa-se secar, de forma a se obter o molde negativo. Após secar, recorta-se o molde negativo, através de linhas auxiliares previamente demarcadas, de modo a poder ser retirado do sujeito e a ser fechado com ligaduras de gesso . For negative mold preparation, anthropometric measurements according to the user's dimensions are used. Plaster bandages are then used to delimit the regions of interest and allow to dry to give the negative cast. After drying, the negative mold is cut through pre-demarcated auxiliary lines so that it can be removed from the subject and closed with plaster bandages.

2 Correção de molde positivo 2 Positive Mold Correction

As rugosidades existentes no molde devem ser removidas e procede-se a um desbaste, na zona abdominal, de modo a se poder exercer uma zona de suspensão na ortótese de tronco e na região dos sulcos ilíacos. The roughness of the mold should be removed and roughened in the abdominal area so that a suspension zone can be exerted on the trunk orthosis and the iliac groove region.

Preferencialmente, coloca-se gesso para alívio de pressão nas regiões da crista ilíaca, grande trocânter e na zona posterior do molde de forma a criar um plano de simetria. No final, alisa-se o molde, por exemplo, com uma rede de água, para eliminar quaisquer rugosidades e aplica-se uma camada de ligadura de gesso húmida em todo o molde. Preferably, pressure-relieving plaster is placed in the regions of the iliac crest, great trochanter and in the posterior region of the mold to create a plane of symmetry. At the end, the mold is smoothed, for example, with a water network to eliminate any roughness and a wet plaster bandage layer is applied to the entire mold.

3 Termomoldagem e acabamento 3 Thermoforming and finishing

São moldadas quatros peças ao molde positivo resultantes das regiões laterais, anterior e posterior do molde, utilizando- se para o efeito um material termoplástico, preferencialmente o polipropileno . Four pieces of the positive mold resulting from the lateral, anterior and posterior regions of the mold are molded using a thermoplastic material, preferably polypropylene.

Depois das placas estarem frias são desenhados os limites da ortótese de tronco e definem-se os limites finais com o alinhamento das estruturas. After the plates are cold, the limits of the trunk orthosis are drawn and the final limits are defined with the alignment of the structures.

As placas laterais são unidas com material termoplástico, preferencialmente com polietileno de baixa densidade, ao longo do comprimento da ortótese. The side plates are bonded with thermoplastic material, preferably with low density polyethylene, along the length of the orthosis.

Por fim, o molde é desbastado, pelos limites do desenho, de modo a retirar material em excesso e arredondar os bordos da ortótese de tronco, de forma a se obter a estrutura externa da ortótese de tronco. Finally, the mold is roughened by the design boundary to remove excess material and round the edges of the trunk orthosis to obtain the external structure of the trunk orthosis.

Em seguida, são montados os eléctrodos de pressão, preferencialmente do tipo piezoresistivo, embutidos num tecido que cobre a estrutura externa e por fim a almofada pneumática, devendo os sensores de pressão serem colocados entre a estrutura rígida da ortótese e as almofadas pneumáticas, para diminuir o risco de dor, feridas ou úlceras de pressão, e a probabilidade de ficarem mal colocados e detetar forças de forma incorreta diminui, como já referido anteriormente . EXEMPLOS Then, the pressure electrodes, preferably piezoresistive type, are embedded in a fabric covering the outer frame and finally the pneumatic pad, and the pressure sensors must be placed between the rigid orthosis frame and the pneumatic pads to decrease the risk of pain, wounds or pressure sores, and the likelihood of being misplaced and incorrectly detecting forces decreases, as noted above. EXAMPLES

Exemplo 1 : Produção de uma ortótese de tronco activa Example 1: Production of an Active Trunk Orthosis

1. Preparação de molde negativo 1. Negative Mold Preparation

Procedeu-se à marcação da sínfise púbica, espinha ilíaca ântero-superior , espinha ilíaca póstero-superior , crista ilíaca, sulcos ilíacos, grande trocânter, fossa subclavicular , apêndice xifóide, ângulo inferior da omoplata, cóccix e vértebra cervical C7 e fez-se a tiragem de medidas antropométricas (Tabelas 1 e 2) .  Pubic symphysis, anterosuperior iliac spine, posterosuperior iliac spine, iliac crest, iliac grooves, great trochanter, subclavicular fossa, xiphoid appendage, lower angle of shoulder blade, coccyx, and C7 cervical vertebra were marked. anthropometric measurements (Tables 1 and 2).

Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0001

0 molde foi realizado de acordo com práticas de ortoprotesia comuns e foram desenroladas cinco ligaduras em volta do corpo do utilizador, de forma sequencial a partir da região anterior e posterior. Desde a zona mais proeminente dos glúteos até à zona axilar. Cortou-se umas tiras nas ligaduras de gesso e colocou-se as mesmas na zona dos ombros, de modo a cobrir a fossa subclavicular. Exerceu-se uma pressão horizontal e descendente, acima das cristas ilíacas, de maneira delimitar a região. Deixou-se o molde negativo secar e, com o auxílio de um lápis dermatográfico demarcou-se na zona da barra metálica e na zona dos ombros. The molding was performed according to common orthoprotective practices and five bandages were unrolled around the user's body sequentially from the anterior and posterior region. From the most prominent area of the buttocks to the axillary area. Strips were cut into the plaster bandages and placed in the shoulder area to cover the subclavicular fossa. Horizontal and downward pressure was exerted above the iliac crests to delimit the region. The negative mold was allowed to dry and, with the aid of a dermatographic pencil, was demarcated in the area of the metal bar and in the shoulder area.

Com o auxílio de um x-ato, cortou-se o molde negativo nessas linhas auxiliares de corte, de modo a retirá-lo do participante. 0 molde foi retirado do sujeito e fechado com ligaduras de gesso. With the aid of an x-act, the negative mold was cut into these auxiliary cutting lines in order to remove it from the participant. The mold was removed from the subject and closed with plaster bandages.

2. Correção do molde positivo 2. Positive mold correction

Com o auxílio da lima, foram removidas as rugosidades existentes no molde e desbastou-se na zona abdominal cerca de 2 CM, de modo a exercer uma zona de suspensão na ortótese de tronco e na região dos sulcos ilíacos. Colocou-se gesso para alívio de pressão nas regiões da crista ilíaca, grande trocânter e na zona posterior do molde de forma a criar um plano de simetria. No final, alisou-se o molde, com uma lixa de água, para eliminar quaisquer rugosidades e aplicou-se uma camada de ligadura de gesso húmida em todo o molde. With the aid of the file, the existing roughness in the mold was removed and about 2 CM was thinned in the abdominal area, in order to exert a suspension zone in the trunk orthosis and in the iliac groove region. Pressure relief plaster was placed in the regions of the iliac crest, great trochanter and in the posterior part of the mold to create a plane of symmetry. At the end, the mold was smoothed with sandpaper to remove any roughness and a wet plaster bandage layer was applied over the entire mold.

3. Termomoldagem e acabamento 3. Thermoforming and finishing

Foram moldadas quatros peças ao molde positivo resultantes das regiões laterais, anterior e posterior do molde, utilizando polipropileno de 5 MM (220°C) . Depois das placas estarem frias desenhou-se os limites da ortótese de tronco e definiu-se os limites finais com o alinhamento das estruturas . As placas laterais apresentaram um espaço de 3 CM da região posterior e foram rebitadas com polietileno de baixa densidade, ao longo do comprimento da ortótese, com largura de 7CM. Desbastou-se o molde na fresadora, pelos limites do desenho, de modo a retirar material em excesso e arredondar os bordos da ortótese de tronco. Four pieces of the positive mold resulting from the lateral, anterior and posterior regions of the mold were molded using 5MM (220 ° C) polypropylene. After the plates were cold, the limits of the trunk orthosis were drawn and the final limits were defined with the alignment of the structures. The lateral plates had a 3 CM space of the posterior region and were riveted with low density polyethylene along the length of the orthosis, with 7CM width. The mill was cut in the mill by the design boundary to remove excess material and round the edges of the stem orthosis.

Em seguida foram montados os sensores de pressão, piezoeléctricos embutidos num tecido hipoalergénico que cobre internamente a estrutura do dispositivo. Then the piezoelectric pressure sensors embedded in a hypoallergenic fabric that internally cover the device structure were mounted.

Foi acoplado à ortótese de tronco um circuito pneumático que é alimentado por um compressor a 12 volts. 0 sistema apresenta quatro ramificações que terminam numa electroválvula . Após cada uma das electroválvulas existe uma ramificação do circuito para uma almofada e para uma segunda electroválvula . A pneumatic circuit is coupled to the trunk orthosis which is powered by a 12 volt compressor. The system has four branches that end in a solenoid valve. After each of the solenoid valves there is a branch of the circuit for a pad and a second solenoid valve.

Por fim, as almofadas são aplicadas na parte anterior, lateral e posterior da ortótese de tronco, obtendo-se desta forma uma ortótese de tronco activa, personalizada, que permite a distribuição da pressão entre as regiões anterior, posterior e lateral do corpo, conferindo conforto ao seu utilizador para além da sua função principal. Finally, the pads are applied to the anterior, lateral and posterior part of the trunk orthosis, thus obtaining a personalized active trunk orthosis, which allows the pressure distribution between the anterior, posterior and lateral regions of the body, thus conferring comfort to its user beyond its primary function.

Exemplo 2 : Ortótese de tronco activa Example 2: Active trunk orthosis

Através do processo descrito no exemplo anterior foi obtido uma ortótese de tronco activa que compreende uma estrutura externa rígida de suporte, composta por 4 peças, em polipropileno de 5MM, ligadas por polietileno de baixa densidade, segundo as dimensões apresentadas na Tabela 3 abaixo :

Figure imgf000019_0001
By the process described in the previous example an active stem orthosis was obtained comprising a rigid external support structure composed of 4 pieces of 5MM polypropylene, connected by low density polyethylene, according to the dimensions shown in Table 3 below:
Figure imgf000019_0001

As duas peças laterais foram desenhadas com a largura a aumentar progressivamente, de forma a garantir a pressão nos sulcos ilíacos, e o comprimento tem o objetivo de aliviar ligeiramente a região axilar e da anca. The two lateral pieces have been designed with progressively increasing width to ensure pressure in the iliac grooves, and the length is intended to slightly relieve the axillary and hip region.

A peça anterior abrange o apêndice xifóide e ligeiramente acima do bordo superior da sínfise púbica, e foi desenhada de modo a aumentar progressivamente a largura, desde a região do apêndice xifóide até acima do bordo superior da sínfise púbica . The anterior part covers the xiphoid appendage and slightly above the upper edge of the pubic symphysis, and is designed to progressively increase the width from the xiphoid appendage region to above the upper edge of the pubic symphysis.

A peça posterior tem dimensões superiores às da peça anterior de modo a promover a retroversão da bacia. A sua largura também foi desenhada de forma a aumentar progressivamente desde a região das omoplatas até chegar a acima da região glútea . The rear part has larger dimensions than the front part to promote the bowl backwards. Its width has also been designed to progressively increase from the shoulder blades to above the gluteal region.

A estrutura é ainda composta por 4 peças flexíveis, em polietileno de baixa densidade (PELD) de 3MM, com largura de 7CM e comprimento de 45 CM. Nestas peças foram feitos furos com uma distância de 3CM da margem e de 5CM entre cada furo, e foram rebitadas entre as peças laterais e posterior, o material em excesso foi desbastado de modo a ficar à face da estrutura rígida. As restantes 2 peças flexíveis foram rebitadas apenas à peça anterior. Para unir a peça anterior ao restante dispositivo foram feitos dois furos em cada lado da estrutura rígida, ambos a 5CM mas margens laterais da peça, o mais próximo do bordo superior da sínfise púbica a 5CM da margem inferior e o outro a 15CM deste. Na peça anterior foi rebitado velcro, e no conjunto das peças laterais e posterior foi rebitado, com pele, a fivela . The structure is also composed of 4 flexible 3MM low density polyethylene (PELD) pieces, with 7CM width and 45 CM length. In these pieces were drilled holes with a distance of 3CM from the margin and 5CM between each hole, and were riveted between the side and back pieces, the excess material was chopped so as to face the rigid structure. The remaining 2 flexible pieces were riveted to the previous one only. To join the anterior part to the remaining device two holes were drilled on each side of the rigid structure, both at 5CM but side margins of the part, the closest to the upper edge of the pubic symphysis 5CM from the lower margin and the other 15CM from it. In the anterior piece was riveted velcro, and in the set of lateral and posterior parts was riveted, with skin, the buckle.

Exemplo 3 : Circuito pneumático Example 3: Pneumatic Circuit

Os doentes acamados, estão durante muito tempo na mesma posição, alterando o decúbito entre dorsal, lateral direito e lateral esquerdo ao longo das horas. Como tal, conforme o decúbito irá ocorrer maior pressão na região posterior da ortótese ou nas laterais. Desta forma, a pressão poderá ser regulada conforme o decúbito até ao limite de 18KPa e reduzir- se a pressão nas restantes almofadas, mantendo um somatório de 72KPa, nos 4 sensores. A variação de pressão é regulada pelo indicador de pressão. Bedridden patients are in the same position for a long time, changing the position between the dorsal, right lateral and left lateral positions over the hours. As such, as the decubitus will occur, greater pressure will occur on the posterior region of the orthosis or on the sides. In this way, the pressure can be adjusted to the decubitus position up to the limit of 18KPa and the pressure on the remaining pads can be reduced, maintaining a sum of 72KPa on the 4 sensors. The pressure range is regulated by the pressure gauge.

Referências : References :

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Figure imgf000020_0001
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Figure imgf000020_0002
Figure imgf000020_0002

Ferreira, Óscar (2000) Métodos Experimentais em Energia e Ambiente: Sensores e sua Utilização - História e Definições  Ferreira, Óscar (2000) Experimental Methods in Energy and Environment: Sensors and Their Use - History and Definitions

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Figure imgf000021_0001
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Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. Uma ortótese de tronco caracterizada por compreender uma estrutura externa (A) , em material termoplástico, um circuito pneumático (B) , que compreende um sistema electrónico com um conjunto de sensores de pressão (XI a X4) acoplados a quatro almofadas pneumáticas (11 a 14), e um compressor de ar (1) . 1. A trunk orthosis characterized by an outer structure (A) made of thermoplastic material, a pneumatic circuit (B) comprising an electronic system with a set of pressure sensors (XI to X4) coupled to four pneumatic pads ( 11 to 14), and an air compressor (1). 2. Uma ortótese de tronco, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizada por o compressor (1) fornecer uma voltagem ao circuito (B) de cerca de 12 V e ser alimentado por baterias e/ou por electricidade de rede. A trunk orthosis according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor (1) provides a circuit voltage (B) of about 12 V and is supplied by batteries and / or mains electricity. 3. Uma ortótese de tronco, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizada por o material termoplástico da estrutura externa (A) compreender material termoplástico com duas densidades distintas, preferencialmente o polipropileno e o polietileno de baixa densidade. A stem orthosis according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermoplastic material of the outer structure (A) comprises thermoplastic material of two different densities, preferably polypropylene and low density polyethylene. 4. Uma ortótese de tronco, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 3, caracterizada por a estrutura externa (A) compreender 4 placas (Al a A4), uma anterior (Al) e outra posterior (A2) e duas placas laterais (A3 e A4) , em que as 4 placas da estrutura externa são de polipropileno e as ligações entre as 2 placas laterais (A3 e A4) às placas anterior (Al) e posterior (A2) serem realizadas com polietileno de baixa densidade. A trunk orthosis according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outer frame (A) comprises 4 plates (A1 to A4), one anterior (A1) and one posterior (A2) and two side plates (A3 and A4), wherein the 4 outer frame plates are polypropylene and the connections between the 2 side plates (A3 and A4) to the front (A1) and rear (A2) plates are made with low density polyethylene. 5. Uma ortótese de tronco, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizada por o sistema electrónico do circuito (B) compreender um conjunto de sensores de pressão (X) com, pelo menos, quatro sensores (XI a X4), estando cada um desses sensores (X) localizado numa das placas (Al a A4) da estrutura (A) e acoplado a uma das almofadas pneumáticas (11 a 14) . A trunk orthosis according to claim 1, characterized in that the circuit electronic system (B) comprises a set of pressure sensors (X) with at least four sensors (XI to X4), each being of these sensors (X) located on one of the plates (A1 to A4) of the frame (A) and coupled to one of the pneumatic pads (11 to 14). 6. Uma ortótese de tronco, de acordo com a reivindicação 5, caracterizada por os sensores de pressão (X) , serem do tipo piezoresistivo . A trunk orthosis according to claim 5, characterized in that the pressure sensors (X) are of the piezoresistive type. 7. Uma ortótese de tronco, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizada por as almofadas pneumáticas (11 a 14) do circuito (B) serem de material impermeável, hipoalergénico e resistente às variações de pressão. Torso orthosis according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic pads (11 to 14) of the circuit (B) are of impermeable, hypoallergenic and pressure-resistant material. 8. Uma ortótese de tronco, de acordo com a reivindicação 7, caracterizada por a primeira almofada (11) se encontrar localizada na placa anterior (Al) da ortótese, a segunda almofada (14) se encontrar localizada na placa posteriorA trunk orthosis according to claim 7, characterized in that the first cushion (11) is located on the anterior plate (Al) of the orthosis, the second cushion (14) is located on the posterior plate. (A2) e a terceira (12) e a quarta almofadas (13) se encontrem localizadas em cada uma das duas placas laterais(A2) and the third (12) and fourth pads (13) are located on each of the two side plates. (A3 e A4) da ortótese de tronco. (A3 and A4) of the trunk orthosis. 9. Uma ortótese de tronco, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 8, caracterizada por o sistema electrónico do circuito (B) compreender ainda um conjunto de electroválvulas (3 a 10) para controlo de entrada e saída de ar na respectiva almofada pneumática (11 a 14), o qual inclui : A trunk orthosis according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the circuit electronic system (B) further comprises a set of solenoid valves (3 to 10) for controlling air inlet and outlet in the respective pad. pneumatic (11 to 14) which includes: - uma electroválvula (3), de controlo da entrada de ar, e uma electroválvula (7), de controlo da saída de ar, na almofada (11) da região anterior da ortótese de tronco, - an air intake control solenoid valve (3) and an air outlet control solenoid valve (7) on the pad (11) of the anterior region of the trunk orthosis, - uma electroválvula (4) de controlo da entrada de ar, e uma electroválvula (8), de controlo da saída de ar, na almofada (12), na região lateral direita da ortótese de tronco, - an air intake control solenoid (4), and an air outlet control solenoid (8) on the pad (12) in the right lateral region of the trunk orthosis, - uma electroválvula (5), de controlo da entrada de ar, e uma electroválvula (9), de controlo da saída de ar, na almofada (13), na região lateral esquerda da ortotese de tronco, - an air inlet control solenoid valve (5) and an air outlet control solenoid valve (9) in the cushion (13) in the left lateral region of the trunk orthosis, - uma electroválvula (6), de controlo da entrada de ar, e uma electroválvula (10) de controlo da saída de ar, na almofada (14), na região posterior da ortotese de tronco, e em que esse controlo da entrada e saída de ar, no circuito (B) , de forma independente e automática.  - an air inlet control solenoid valve (6) and an air outlet control solenoid valve (10) in the pad (14) in the posterior region of the trunk orthosis, and wherein such inlet and outlet control air in circuit (B) independently and automatically. 10. Uma ortotese de tronco, de acordo com qualquer uma das reivindicações 1 a 9, caracterizada por o sistema electrónico do circuito (B) compreender ainda um controlador de pressão, o qual promove o ajuste automático e independente da pressão de cada almofada (11 a 14) . A trunk orthosis according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the circuit electronic system (B) further comprises a pressure controller which automatically and independently adjusts the pressure of each pad (11). to 14). 11. Uma ortotese de tronco, de acordo com a reivindicação 10 caracterizada por as almofadas (11 a 14) terem uma pressão selecionável entre 2KPa e 12 KPa e: A trunk orthosis according to claim 10, characterized in that the pads (11 to 14) have a selectable pressure between 2 KPa and 12 KPa and: - no caso de ocorrer o aumento de pressão numa das almofadas acima de 18KPa, ou a soma da pressão das 4 almofadas seja superior a 72KPa, e/ou  - in the event of a pressure increase in one of the pads above 18KPa, or the sum of the pressure of the 4 pads greater than 72KPa, and / or - no caso de ocorrer uma diminuição de pressão, numa das almofadas, abaixo de 2KPa,  - if a pressure drop occurs in one of the pads below 2KPa, é emitido pelo sistema electrónico um sinal de alarme e, dá-se, respectivamente, o fecho das válvulas ou do circuito (B) ou a abertura das válvulas.  an alarm signal is emitted by the electronic system and the valves or circuit (B) are closed or the valves opened respectively. 12. Processo para a obtenção de uma ortotese de tronco, caracterizada por compreender os seguintes passos: Process for obtaining a trunk orthosis, comprising the following steps: (i) Se preparar uma estrutura externa (A) num material termoplástico, através de:  (i) Preparing an external structure (A) in a thermoplastic material by: a) Se preparar um molde negativo à base de gesso;  (a) preparing a negative plaster cast; b) Se proceder à correção do molde positivo através de desbaste na zona abdominal e remoção das rugosidades existentes ; c) Se realizar a moldagem de 4 placas (A) ao molde positivo definindo 2 regiões laterais (A3 e A4), uma anterior (Al) e uma posterior (A2) do molde, utilizando-se um material termoplástico; (b) the positive mold is corrected by thinning the abdominal area and removing any existing roughness; c) Molding of 4 plates (A) to the positive mold by defining 2 lateral regions (A3 and A4), one anterior (Al) and one posterior (A2) of the mold, using a thermoplastic material; d) Se realizar o acabamento da estrutura externa da ortótese de tronco através da união das 2 placas laterais (A3 e A4) às placas anterior (Al) e posterior (A2), com um material termoplástico, e de se remover o excesso de material que permaneceu na ortótese;  d) Finish the external structure of the trunk orthosis by joining the 2 side plates (A3 and A4) to the front (Al) and posterior (A2) plates with a thermoplastic material and removing excess material. that remained in the orthosis; (ii) Se proceder à montagem do conjunto de sensores (X), do sistema electrónico do circuito (B) , na superfície interna da estrutura (A) da ortótese de tronco; e  (ii) Mounting the sensor assembly (X) of the circuit electronics (B) on the inside surface of the trunk orthosis frame (A); and (iii) Se proceder à montagem das quatro almofadas pneumáticas (11 a 14) na estrutura (A) interna da ortótese de tronco acoplada ao conjunto de sensores (X) , posicionando-se um sensor por cada almofada pneumática.  (iii) If the four pneumatic pads (11 to 14) are mounted on the inner frame (A) of the trunk orthosis coupled to the sensor assembly (X), one sensor is positioned per each pneumatic pad. 13. Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 12, caracterizado por o material termoplástico usado no passo (c) ser polipropileno e o material termoplástico usado no passo (d) ser polietileno de baixa densidade. Process according to Claim 12, characterized in that the thermoplastic material used in step (c) is polypropylene and the thermoplastic material used in step (d) is low density polyethylene. 14. Processo, de acordo com a reivindicação 11, caracterizado por o sistema de sensores ser composto por sensores do tipo piezoresistivo . Method according to Claim 11, characterized in that the sensor system comprises piezoresistive sensors.
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