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WO2018211041A1 - Capteur d'usure de plaquette de frein inductif sans fil à cible différentielle - Google Patents

Capteur d'usure de plaquette de frein inductif sans fil à cible différentielle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018211041A1
WO2018211041A1 PCT/EP2018/063005 EP2018063005W WO2018211041A1 WO 2018211041 A1 WO2018211041 A1 WO 2018211041A1 EP 2018063005 W EP2018063005 W EP 2018063005W WO 2018211041 A1 WO2018211041 A1 WO 2018211041A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
target
brake pad
coil
sensor
pad wear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2018/063005
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
David Leonard Juzswik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF Active Safety and Electronics US LLC
Original Assignee
TRW Automotive US LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TRW Automotive US LLC filed Critical TRW Automotive US LLC
Publication of WO2018211041A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018211041A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
    • F16D66/02—Apparatus for indicating wear
    • F16D66/021—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means
    • F16D66/026—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means indicating different degrees of lining wear
    • F16D66/027—Sensors therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/2006—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils
    • G01D5/2013—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature by influencing the self-induction of one or more coils by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. a core

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wireless inductive brake pad wear sensor.
  • Brake pad wear monitoring systems utilize a sensor including a resistive element that is clipped to the inner brake pad and wears as the brake pad wears.
  • This resistive wear sensor typically has two levels of detection and is connected to a remote sensing unit via a wire harness. As the brake pad wears, the sensor also is worn due to contact with the brake rotor. In the aforementioned two level system, the sensor is used to indicate two levels of brake pad wear.
  • the first approach is that the target and the coil are on parallel planes and the distance between those planes is the distance that is to be measured (axial sensing).
  • the problem is that the magnetic field decreases as 1/d 3 , so while there may be good signal and measurement accuracy when the target is close to the sensor coil (say 1 mm) there is very poor range and lots of error when the sensor is far from the target (say 10 mm). This is a basic limitation of the first approach.
  • the second approach is to slide the target at a fixed distance across the plane of the sensor coil (lateral sensing).
  • Different types of target shapes or coil designs can lead to a linear distance of travel with good accuracy across the whole range of motion.
  • the key issue with the lateral approach is that the amplitude of the signal (and distance travel calculation) is highly dependent on the gap between the target plane of travel and the parallel sensor coil plane.
  • An approach to handle this dependency by having offset dual coil structures and taking a ratio between the two opposing coil responses to determine the distance traveled.
  • Figure 1 shows this type of sensor and target.
  • the sensor is in the form of two coils. Each coil extends is flat and extends in a plane, with both coils being arranged in a common plane. Each coil has rectangular windings from an electrically conductive material, with each winding being generally rectangular. Each coil is rectangular, with the length being significantly larger than the width. The direction of the length corresponds to the direction of relative movement between the coils and the target.
  • the rectangular windings of each coil differ in their length in as their length decreases (or increases) from winding to winding. To a smaller extent, their width also decreases (or increases).
  • the target is made from metal and extends transversely over both windings such that its longer axis extends perpendicularly to the direction of the length of the coils.
  • Figure 2 shows the basics of obtaining a measurement signal based on the signals received from the two coils. While this arrangement has some advantages over the sensor types in which the distance of a target from the coil is measured, it still has some drawbacks.
  • One drawback is that the dimension of the gap between the target and the coils has to be consistent during use. In the wireless brake pad sensor application, the brake pad will however shift dependent on road vibration and direction of rotational braking, resulting in a change of the gap.
  • Another drawback is that this measurement method requires that someone must sweep the range of motion for the current gap. When a new brake pad is put on, or even during original OEM assembly, it is however not possible to sweep the range of travel.
  • the area required for a sensing coil is twice that of a non-compensated approach. Therefore, the technique cannot be used for a wireless brake pad sensor, or any other application in which the gap between the metal target and sensor coil can change randomly without recalibration.
  • the invention provides a brake pad wear sensor having a coil and a target, one of these elements being adapted for being connected with a stationary part of the brake (such as a caliper) and the other one being adapted for being connected with the moveable part (then the brake pad), the target circumscribing the coil.
  • the target circumscribing the coil a shift in one direction (perpendicularly to the plane in which the coil extends) will move one side of the target closer to the coil such that is has a stronger effect on the sensor coil while the other side of the target will be moved further away from the coil so that it has less effect on the sensor coil.
  • the combined normalize net effect will be mostly cancelled out so that the sensor signal is generally independent from a lateral displacement of the target with respect to the coil.
  • the distance from each side of the target to the sensor coil is between 1 .0 and 3.5 mm, resulting in a mainly linear effect of a change of the distance between the target and the sensor coil on the inductance.
  • the coil extends in a plane so that the overall dimensions of the sensor are small.
  • the coil preferably consists of rectangular windings in order to be able to very precisely detect changes of the position of the target relative to the coil in a longitudinal direction of the coil.
  • the target has a rectangular cross- section so that the longer sides of the rectangle extend parallel to the plane of the coil. This results in a very good compensation of the effects of a change of the gap between the two sides of the target and the coil.
  • the target has a length of approx. 10 mm. This is sufficient for obtaining a good sensor signal while at the same time keeping the overall dimensions low.
  • the target has mounting lugs which are arranged at the shorter sides of the target. This allows mounting the target in a very simple manner.
  • the target together with the mounting lugs has a height of approx. 22 mm. This is sufficient for obtaining a sensor signal over the entire way of brake pad wear.
  • the mounting lugs are formed integrally with the target so that no step of connecting the target to a mounting structure is necessary.
  • the target can be made from sheet metal so that it can be punched and bent with low expenditure.
  • the coil has a length which is approx. 25 mm. This length has proven sufficient for detecting brake pad wear of the majority of brake pads.
  • the coil is arranged on a carrier, the carrier also carrying sensor electronics so that no wiring or other electrical connection between the coil and the electronics is necessary.
  • the coil and the sensor electronics can be encapsulated in a common housing so that they are protected against water, dust and other contaminants.
  • the invention also provides a brake pad having friction material and a backing plate, the target of the brake pad wear sensor as described above being connected to the backing plate.
  • the target is an element of low costs which can be automatically replaced together with the brake pad once the friction material has been consumed.
  • the coil together with the sensor electronics does not need replacement and can operate together with the new target after the brake pad has been exchanged.
  • Figure 1 shows a sensor arrangement of the prior art
  • Figure 2 explains how a sensor signal can be obtained with the sensor arrangement of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 shows a sensor arrangement according to the invention
  • Figure 4 shows the effect of a change of the gap between the two longer sides of the target of the sensor arrangement of Figure 3 and the coil
  • Figure 5 shows a change of the impedance as a result of a change of the distance between the target and the coil.
  • a brake pad wear sensor is shown in Figure 3 on the left side. It comprises a coil 10 and a target 30.
  • Coil 10 is formed from electrically conductive material, which is formed on a carrier or substrate 12.
  • the coil is rectangular and has a plurality of rectangular windings 14. Viewed in a longitudinal direction of the coil, each winding is shorter and more narrow than the next winding more outwardly (or longer and wider if compared with the adjacent inner winding.
  • the conductive portions are arranged very close to each other.
  • the conductive portions are arranged with a distance to each other (e.g. approx. 2 mm).
  • a sensor electronics 16 is arranged on an extension of substrate 12 so that an integrated electronics/coil unit is formed. It is encapsulated in an insulating material so that it is protected against humidity, water and contaminants.
  • Substrate 12 is adapted for being connected to a brake caliper.
  • Target 30 is made from (ferro-magnetic) metal. It has the form of a sleeve with a rectangular cross-section. Accordingly, two longer portions 32 and two shorter portions 34 are present.
  • mounting lugs 36 are formed which are intended for connecting the target with a backing plate 50 carrying the friction material 52 of a brake pad shown on the right side of Figure 3.
  • Target 30 together with mounting lugs 36 is formed from sheet metal.
  • the cross-section of target 30 is larger than the dimensions of substrate 12 with coils 10 so that there is some free space between each side of coil 10 and portion of target 30 arranged close thereto.
  • target 30 is shown attached to backing plate 5. Coil 10 extends into target 30.
  • substate 12 extends into target 30 almost towards backing plate 50. This condition corresponds to a new, unworn friction pad.
  • backing plate 50 moves downward (in terms of the depiction in Figure 3) while coil 10 remains stationary.
  • the change of the position of target 30 with respect to coil 10 can be detected by sensor electronics 16 which in turn sends a corresponding signal to e.g. a bus system of the vehicle fitted with the brake pad.
  • Figure 4 shows the effect of a change of the gap between the longer portions 32 of target 30 and coil 10 in the range highlighted by rectangle 60.
  • the sensor coil and the sensor electronics are designed such that the effect of both sides of the target is generally linear. The more linear the area of operation for both halfs of the target, the less error in the net reponse do to a gap variation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

Un capteur d'usure de plaquette de frein comporte une bobine et une cible, l'un de ces éléments étant conçu pour être relié à une partie fixe du frein et l'autre étant conçu pour être relié à la partie mobile, la cible entourant la bobine.
PCT/EP2018/063005 2017-05-18 2018-05-17 Capteur d'usure de plaquette de frein inductif sans fil à cible différentielle Ceased WO2018211041A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762508060P 2017-05-18 2017-05-18
US62/508,060 2017-05-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018211041A1 true WO2018211041A1 (fr) 2018-11-22

Family

ID=62244470

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/063005 Ceased WO2018211041A1 (fr) 2017-05-18 2018-05-17 Capteur d'usure de plaquette de frein inductif sans fil à cible différentielle

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2018211041A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12410842B2 (en) 2022-03-08 2025-09-09 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Systems and methods for detecting excessive or uneven wear on a brake pad or a rotor of a vehicle

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2429060A1 (de) * 1973-06-18 1975-01-09 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Vorrichtung zur messung von lageveraenderungen
FR2304900A1 (fr) * 1975-03-18 1976-10-15 Metrawatt Gmbh Indicateur de position a induction
US20070001666A1 (en) * 2005-06-27 2007-01-04 Lee Joong K Linear and rotational inductive position sensor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2429060A1 (de) * 1973-06-18 1975-01-09 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Vorrichtung zur messung von lageveraenderungen
FR2304900A1 (fr) * 1975-03-18 1976-10-15 Metrawatt Gmbh Indicateur de position a induction
US20070001666A1 (en) * 2005-06-27 2007-01-04 Lee Joong K Linear and rotational inductive position sensor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12410842B2 (en) 2022-03-08 2025-09-09 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Systems and methods for detecting excessive or uneven wear on a brake pad or a rotor of a vehicle

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