WO2018139981A1 - System for connecting parts of a three-dimensional mechanical model - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to systems for connecting stationary and movable parts in three-dimensional mechanical model sets. The present system consists of at least two planar connectable parts (1, 2) and a set of connecting elements, said set containing a plate (3) with locks in the form of transverse grooves at opposing ends of one of the surfaces of the plate, and a thrusting element (4). The plate (3) and the thrusting element (4) have a rectangular cross section. The connectable parts (1, 2) have through openings (8), the shape and sizes of which correspond to the shape and sizes of the cross section of the locks (9) and the opposing end portions of a thrusting element (4). The plate (3) and the thrusting element (4) are designed to be capable of exerting a mutual thrusting effect on one another when the aforementioned parts are assembled and of locking one another in place under the mutual thrusting effect. The system provides more reliable connection of model parts on first assembly and on subsequent reassemblies as a result of the locking of the connecting elements.

Description

 The system of connecting parts of the three-dimensional mechanical model

 The invention relates to design kits, in particular, to the systems of connecting fixed and moving parts in sets of three-dimensional mechanical models, and can be used in the manufacture of children's, play and souvenir design kits.

 A known system for connecting parts of a three-dimensional mechanical model (UA Patent N ° 104751, IPC А63Н 33/00, publication date 11/27/2015), consisting of at least two flat joined parts and a set of connecting elements. The connected parts are made mainly in the form of coaxial wheels and / or gears, intended for the assembly of movable modules, and fixed forming and / or frame parts. A set of connecting elements consists of at least one building element in the form of a bar with a rectangular cross-section at opposite ends and one locking element of needle-like shape with a circular cross-section and pointed ends. The connected parts contain at least one hole of a round shape, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the fixing element, and at least one hole or external notch of a rectangular shape, the dimensions of which correspond to the cross-sectional dimensions of the end parts of the building element. Around the holes can be made corresponding to them in the form of non-closed slits.

 The connection of the parts of the three-dimensional mechanical model is carried out by successively inserting the opposite ends of the build-up elements into rectangular-shaped holes on the said parts and then fixing them in the assembled position by means of fixing elements which lead into circular holes. The locking elements are also axes for fastening the movable modules on the fixed forming and / or frame parts. The ends of the locking elements protruding from the outside of the parts to be joined break off after assembly. The connected parts and building elements are made of puff plywood, and the axis is made of wood with a lower hardness, in particular, toothpicks.

 The disadvantages of the known system are:

- low reliability of the connection, due to the rapid collapse of the ends of the locking elements inside the holes on the connected parts in the movable modules during operation of the models, which leads to the loss of their performance; - the inconvenience of disassembling models due to the difficulty of extracting the locking elements from the holes on the parts to be joined after breaking off their ends during the previous assembly;

 - a relatively large cost due to the need to purchase new sets of fixing elements for each re-assembly;

 - a significant effect of temperature and air humidity on the density of the connection of the ends of the locking elements inside the holes on the parts to be joined.

 These drawbacks significantly limit the scope of the known system.

 The known system of connecting parts of a three-dimensional mechanical model.

(international application WO 2016076816A1, IPC А63Н 33/12, publication date 03/16/2015), consisting of at least two flat joined parts and a set of connecting elements. The connected parts are made mainly in the form of coaxial wheels and / or gears with a hub and / or spokes, designed for mobile modules of the models, and contain through holes in the areas of connection. A set of connecting elements consists of at least two planks made with locks in the form of transverse grooves on one of its surfaces from opposite ends of the bar, and a spacer element in the form of an axis with a circular cross-section and pointed ends. In the centers of the parts to be joined, round holes are made to accommodate the opposite ends of the axis, and rectangular holes are made on the hub or on the spokes to accommodate the opposite ends of the slats. The rectangular holes are located symmetrically in the radial direction relative to the corresponding round-shaped hole, and their dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the padlocks. Locks can be made with shoulders along the edges of transverse grooves or without them. The length of the locks on opposite sides of the slats corresponds to the thickness and number of parts to be joined.

In the central part of the slats on the surface opposite to the surface with locks, one or two rectangular protrusions are made for expansion interaction with the axis. When assembling the parts to be connected between the said protrusions on the slats, a gap is formed corresponding to the diameter of the axis, which, after it is inserted into the round-shaped hole, has a thrust effect on the slats through the protrusions, ensuring that the locking surfaces adhere to the corresponding surfaces in the openings of the connected parts. At the same time, the shoulders on the edges of the locks cover the surfaces of the parts to be joined on both sides of the openings of the openings. With this in the openings from the centers of the parts to be joined, gaps are formed, corresponding to the height of the shoulder. The slats can also be made with longitudinal slit slots in the end portions along the locks, designed to reduce the size of the gaps and increase the density of connection of parts. The parts to be joined and the slats are made of puff plywood, and the axis is made of wood with a lower hardness, in particular, toothpicks.

 The use of strips with locks as fasteners allows to increase the reliability of the connection of parts in comparison with the known technical solution, as well as to increase the convenience of disassembling and reassembling models.

 The disadvantages of the known system are:

 - limited scope due to the possibility of using fixing elements for connecting, mainly, parts of movable modules, as well as limiting the axial dimensions of these modules and the number of parts to be connected in the module related to the need to ensure the strength and elastic properties of the axis of small diameter;

 - lack of reliability of connection parts, due to the presence of uncompensated gaps in the openings of rectangular holes after assembly, which leads to the loss of the ends of the slats as a result of reducing the axial thrust effect due to the rapid loss of elastic properties during rotation and / or movement of the model during operation;

 - insufficient resource axes, due to their simultaneous use as spacer elements and as axes for connecting movable and fixed modules, which leads to the need to replace the axes for each re-assembly;

 - a significant influence of temperature and air humidity on the elastic properties of the axles after the assembly of the parts to be joined.

A known system for connecting parts of a three-dimensional mechanical model (UA Patent JN ° 108449, IPC А63Н 33/00, A63F 9/12, published March 28, 2016), consisting of at least two flat joined parts, and a set of connecting elements. The connected parts are made mainly in the form of coaxial wheels and / or gears intended for moving modules, and fixed forming and / or frame parts of models, and contain through holes in the connection zones. A set of connecting elements consists of a strap made with locks in the form of transverse grooves on one of its surfaces from opposite ends of the plank, and a spacer with a rectangular cross section. The holes on the joined parts are made with the possibility of placing in them the opposite ends of the spacer and the locks of the strap. Planck and expansion element made with the possibility of expansion of the interaction with each other by a protrusion of radial shape, made on the surface of the plank, opposite its surface with locks, or on the corresponding surface of the spacer element. The height of the above-mentioned protrusion corresponds to the condition of ensuring the expansion of the interaction between them. Connecting elements for movable modules also contain central holes of a circular shape for their assembly by means of axes with fixed shaping and / or frame parts of models. Connected parts and connecting elements are made of durable sheet material, for example, moisture-resistant plywood or plastic.

 The design of the connecting elements allows to significantly increase the reliability of the connection of parts in models compared to known systems by increasing the force of the spacer interaction between the bar and the spacer element, as well as exceptions when assembling gaps in the openings of rectangular holes on the parts to be joined. At the same time, increasing the rigidity of the spacer element allows to increase its length in accordance with the length of the bar and thereby increase both the number of parts to be joined and change the distance between them in a wide range while providing the necessary distance expansion, which allows to significantly increase the number of standard sizes of three-dimensional mechanical models and , accordingly, expands the scope of the system.

 A disadvantage of the known system is a certain decrease in the reliability of connections with repeated use of a set of connecting elements as a result of gradual wear of the surface of the projections of radial shape on the slats and a corresponding decrease in the spacer interaction between them.

 The utility model is based on the task of improving the system for connecting parts of a three-dimensional mechanical model due to a different implementation of connecting elements, which makes it possible to significantly increase the reliability of connections of parts with multiple assemblies and disassemblies.

 The technical result from the implementation of the task is to ensure the fixation of the connecting elements in their spacer interaction with each other.

The problem is solved in that in the system of connecting parts of a three-dimensional mechanical model consisting of at least two flat joined parts and a set of connecting elements comprising a bar made with locks in the form of transverse grooves on one of its surfaces from opposite ends of the bar, and a spacer, the bar and the spacer having a rectangular cross section, the parts to be joined have through holes, shape and dimensions which correspond to the shape and size of the cross-section of the locks and the opposite end parts of the spacer element, and the bar and the spacer element are designed with the possibility of spacer interaction between y is in the assembly of said parts, according to the utility model the expansible member and the bracket arranged to fix with respect to each other when the spacer their interaction with each other.

 It is advisable that the plank and the spacer element be made with the possibility of expansion interaction with each other by means of a protrusion of radial form, made on the surface of the plank opposite to its surface with locks.

 It is advisable that the bar and the spacer element are made with the possibility of fixing relative to each other when they are spaced to interact with each other by means of a transverse groove made on the bar in the central part of the protrusion of radial shape and corresponding to it in shape the transverse protrusion made on the interacting surface of the spacer element.

 It is advisable that the transverse recess in the central part of the said protrusion on the plank and the transverse protrusion corresponding to it in shape on the interacting surface of the spacer element are triangular in plan.

 The improved design of the system for connecting parts of a three-dimensional mechanical model ensures the achievement of the claimed technical result.

 The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the example of the combination of mobile and fixed modules of a three-dimensional mechanical model of the body of a double-decker city bus.

The modular system is represented by the figures of the drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a movable module of two connected parts; in fig. 2 - the same, in the collection; in fig. 3 - design of the bar and the spacer element (example 1); in fig. 4 - the same, (example 2); in fig. 5 - the same, (example 3); in fig. 6 is a general view of a movable module of three connected parts; in fig. 7 - the same in the collection; in fig. 8 - a general view of the rolling module of four connected parts; in fig. 9 - the same, in the collection; in fig. 10 - a general view of the mobile and fixed modules in the collection; in fig. 1 1 - the same, top view.

 Example 1. A movable module of two connected parts (Fig. 1, 2).

 The movable module consists of two flat joined parts 1 and 2, made in the form of gear wheels of different diameters, and three sets of connecting elements, each of which includes a bar 3 and a spacer 4. The joined parts 1 and 2 are made with hubs 5 and spokes 6. On the hubs 5 in the center of the parts to be joined 1 and 2 are made through holes 7 of round shape, and on the spokes 6 - through holes 8 of rectangular shape. The end parts of the slats 3 are made with locks 9 in the form of transverse slots limited by the shoulder 10 on one of their surfaces (Fig. 3-5). On the opposite surface of the strip 3, a protrusion 1 1 of radial shape is made, designed to interact with the spacer element 4, made with a rectangular cross section. The height of the protrusion 1 1 on the bar 3 is chosen from the condition of providing spacer interaction with the spacer element 4, which is necessary to create the effect of “tension” inside the openings of the holes 8 on the connected parts 1 and 2. In the central part of the protrusion 1 1 there is a transverse recess 12 triangular in plan , and on the interacting surface of the spacer element 4 there is a transverse protrusion 13 of a counter triangular in plan (FIG. 3-5). The recess 12 on the bar 3 and the protrusion 13 on the spacer element 4 allow them to be fixed relative to each other when assembling the parts to be connected 1 and 2 with the largest value of the spacer interaction. The spacers 4 are configured to enter through holes 8 on the outer side of the parts 1 and 2 being joined. At one end of the spacer element 4, a restrictive shoulder 14 is made. The shape and dimensions of the through holes 8 on the joined parts 1, 2 correspond to the shape and dimensions of the cross section locks 9 on the strap 3 and the cross section of the opposite end parts of the spacer element 4, which eliminates the formation of gaps after assembly. In this case, the shoulders 10 on the bar 3 cover the surfaces of the parts to be connected 1, 2 on both sides of the openings of the through holes 8, which excludes the possibility of their spontaneous separation during rotation or movement of the modules and significantly increases the reliability of the connections during the use of models.

Depending on the size and purpose of the connecting elements, the strap 3 can be made either without a slot above the protrusion 1 1 (Fig. 8, 9), or with a slot 15 straight (Fig. 1-4, 6, 7) or curved (Fig. 5) forms. The slot 15 allows you to increase the elasticity of the material in the area of the protrusion 11 with spacer interaction and fixing the strap 3 and the spacer 4 and, accordingly, reduce efforts during assembly and disassembly of the modules and wear of the surface of the protrusion 11 on the strap 3.

 The length of the strap 3 and the spacer element 4 is chosen taking into account a predetermined distance between the parts to be joined 1, 2, and the length of the locks 9 on the slats 3 limited by the shoulders 10 are chosen taking into account the thickness and number of the parts to be joined. In this example, the length of the locks 9 on the slats 3 is equal to the thickness of the corresponding gear wheels 1 and 2. On the slats 3, which are used to connect the parts of the drive mechanism, in the middle part a chute 16 can be made for winding, for example, an elastic band (Fig. 1- 7). In addition, the locks 9 on the slats 3 can be made at the same height (Fig. 5) or different (Fig. 1-4, 6-9) relative to each other, taking into account the coordinates of the holes 8 on the parts to be joined. The bars 3 and the spacers 4 used to join the shaping and / or frame parts can be made with a different shape of the outer surface, for example, an arc-shaped, or angular, or figured, or other shape.

 Example 2. A movable module of three or more connected parts (Fig. 6, 7).

 The movable module with three connectable parts consists of gears 1, 2 and 17 and three sets of connecting elements, each of which includes a bar 3 and a spacer 4. The gear 1 is of a larger diameter, and the gears 2 and 17 are smaller in size with the same dia. The execution of the connected parts 1, 2 and 17 and connecting elements analogous to example 1. In contrast, the locks 9 on the bar 3 are made of different lengths, corresponding on one side to the thickness of the connected part 1, and from the opposite side to the total thickness of the connected parts 2 and 17 .

 The movable module with four connectable parts consists of gear wheels 1, 2, 17 and 18 and three sets of connecting elements, each of which includes a bar 3 and a spacer 4 (Fig. 8, 9). Gears 1 and 18 are made the same with a larger diameter, and gears 2 and 17 are the same with a smaller diameter. The execution of the connected parts 1, 2, 17 and 18, as well as connecting elements analogously to example 1. In contrast, the locks 9 on the strap 3 are made of greater length, corresponding on the one hand to the total thickness of the connected parts 1 and 18, and on the opposite side the total thickness of the parts to be joined 2 and 17.

Example 3. Fixed and mobile modules of the model of a double-decker city bus body (Fig. 10, 1 1). Fixed modules consist of two flat formative parts 19 and 20, simulating the side walls of the body, and several sets of connecting elements, each of which strips 3 are made with locks 9 and protrusions of radial shape 1 1, in the central part of which there is a transverse groove 12 triangular in form, and the spacer elements 4 are made with a transverse protrusion 13 counter triangular in plan. Forming parts 19 and 20 are made with round and rectangular holes (not marked) to accommodate the opposite ends, respectively, of the axes 21 and the connecting elements. The surfaces of the slats 3 and spacers 4, imitating the slopes of the bus roof, are arcuate, while the slats 3 and spacers 4, located on the ends of the body, are connectable to the formative parts of the front and rear panels (not shown). Movable modules are made similar to the above examples 1-2 and fixed on parts 19 and 20 by means of axles 21 with the possibility of rotation.

 In all the considered examples, the parts to be joined, the strips 3 and the spacer elements 4 are made of durable sheet material, for example, moisture-resistant plywood or plastic, and the axis 21 is made of wood with a diameter of 3-5 mm.

 Assembly of parts of a three-dimensional mechanical model using the system is as follows.

 Example 1. Assembling a rolling module of two parts (Fig. 1, 2).

Before starting the assembly, connected parts 1, 2 and three sets of connecting elements are laid out on the working surface in accordance with the scheme, each of which consists of a strip 3 and a spacer element 4. On the connected parts 1 and 2, the holes 8 are located at a different distance relative to the axis of the connection. In this regard, sets of connecting elements contain strips 3 with different heights of locks 9 relative to each other (Fig. 4). The assembly is performed manually in the following sequence: the first bar 3 from the side of the locks 9 is alternately inserted into the holes 8 on the inner side of the parts 1 and 2 being joined, while the bar 3 in the opening of the hole 8 is oriented so that the surface with the locks 9 is directed from the center, and the surface with the protrusions 11 is toward the center of the parts mentioned. Then, holding the module with one hand, in the free part of the hole 8 on the outside of the part 1, the spacer 4 is brought in, orienting it so that the surface with the transverse protrusion 13 abuts the surface of the plank 3 with the protrusion 1 1. After the end of the spacer reaches 11 on the bar 3, its further movement is carried out with some effort to overcome the spacer impact from the side of the protrusion 11, as a result of which, in the openings of the holes 8, gaps are selected and a “tightness” effect is formed. When combining the transverse grooves 12 on the strap 3 and the transverse protrusion 13 on the spacer element 4, they are automatically fixed relative to each other at the highest value of the spacer interaction. Similar operations are repeated with the second and third sets of connecting elements. The presence of the slot 15 on the bar 3 allows you to increase the elasticity of the material in the area of the protrusion 11 and due to this, somewhat reduce the effort to move the spacer element 4 with the spacer interaction with the bar 3 in the assembly process and their final fixation relative to each other. In this case, the flanges 10 on the locks 9 of the strips 3 and the flanges 14 on the spacer elements 4 cover the surfaces of the flat joined parts 1 and 2 on both sides of the openings of the holes 8, which excludes the possibility of their spontaneous separation during rotation or movement of the movable modules during the use of the model.

 Example 2. Assembling a rolling module of three or more parts (Fig. 6-9).

 Before starting the assembly, the parts 1, 2 and 17 and three sets of connecting elements, each of which consists of a strip 3 and a spacer element 4 (Fig. 6, 7), are laid out on the working surface in accordance with the scheme. The joined parts 2 and 17, made with the same diameter, are placed next to each other. The slats 3 are made with different heights of locks 9 relative to each other and with different lengths of locks 9, taking into account the different coordinates of the holes 8 on the parts 1 and 2, 17 being joined, as well as their thickness in the joint. The assembly is carried out manually in a sequence analogous to Example 1, taking into account the fact that the end of the bar 3 with the longer lock 9 is inserted into the joined parts 2 and 17, and its opposite end is connected to the joined part 1. Orientation of the bars 3 in the openings 8 and establishment in these spacer elements 4 perform similarly to the above example.

 The Assembly of the movable module of the four parts to be connected 1, 2 and 17, 18 perform similarly. In this case, a bar 3 with the same length of locks 9 is used, corresponding on the one hand to the thickness of parts 1 and 18, and on the other hand to parts 2 and 17 (Fig. 8, 9).

 Example 3. Assembly of fixed and movable modules of the model of the body of a double-decker city bus (Fig. 10, 1 1).

As in the previous examples, before starting assembly, parts that contain two flat formative parts 19 and 20 imitating the side walls of the body and several sets of connecting elements, each of which trims 3 are made with, are laid out on the working surface in accordance with the scheme. locks 9 and protrusions of radial shape 11, in the central part of which contains a transverse groove 12 triangular in plan, and spacer elements 4 are made with a transverse protrusion 13 of an opposite triangular shape in plan. The assembly of the movable modules intended for the winding mechanism and the transmission of rotation to the wheels of the bus (not shown) is carried out in advance, similarly to the examples discussed above.

 In accordance with the assembly scheme, the said movable modules are successively fixed by means of the axles 21 in the holes of a circular shape on the forming parts 19 and 20 with the possibility of rotation. After that, the shaping parts 19 and 20 are joined in the upper part by means of slats 3 and spacers 4 of arcuate shape simulating roof slopes, and at the ends of the body - by means of slats 3 and spacers 4, which can be connected to the shape parts of the front and rear body panels .

 Disassembly of the above modules is carried out, respectively, in the reverse order.

 The claimed technical solution allows to significantly increase the reliability of the connection of parts in the primary and repeated assemblies of models by fixing the connecting elements during assembly. Increasing the rigidity of the connecting elements also allows an increase in the number of sizes of the elements to be connected and, accordingly, the area of use of the system. The system is simple and convenient when performing assembly and disassembly of three-dimensional mechanical models.

Yu

Claims

Formula utility model  1. A system for connecting parts of a three-dimensional mechanical model consisting of at least two flat joined parts and a set of connecting elements comprising a strap made with locks in the form of transverse grooves on one of its surfaces from opposite ends of the strap, and a spacer, with the strap and the spacer element is made with a rectangular cross section, the parts to be joined contain through-holes, the shape and dimensions of which correspond to the shape and dimensions of the cross-section of the locks and are opposite x end parts of the spacer element, and the bar and the spacer element are made with the possibility of spacer interaction with each other when assembling the above-mentioned parts, characterized in that the spacer element and the bar are made with the possibility of fixation relative to each other during their spacer interaction with each other.  2. The system under item 1, characterized in that the plank and the spacer element is made with the possibility of expansion of the interaction between themselves through a protrusion of radial shape, made on the surface of the plank opposite to its surface with locks.  3. The system of claim 2, characterized in that the bar and the spacer element are adapted to be fixed relative to each other during their expansion interaction with each other by means of a transverse groove made on the bar in the central part of the protrusion of the radial form and corresponding in shape to the transverse protrusion made on the interacting surface of the spacer.  4. The system of claim 3, characterized in that the transverse groove in the central part of the said protrusion on the bar and the transverse protrusion corresponding to it in shape on the interacting surface of the spacer element are triangular in plan.