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WO2018139954A1 - Source étanche à isotopes de produits de fission sur la base de californium-252 et procédé de sa fabrication - Google Patents

Source étanche à isotopes de produits de fission sur la base de californium-252 et procédé de sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018139954A1
WO2018139954A1 PCT/RU2017/000930 RU2017000930W WO2018139954A1 WO 2018139954 A1 WO2018139954 A1 WO 2018139954A1 RU 2017000930 W RU2017000930 W RU 2017000930W WO 2018139954 A1 WO2018139954 A1 WO 2018139954A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
california
source
substrate
fission
sealed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/RU2017/000930
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Андрей Николаевич СМИРНОВ
Владимир Владимирович ОБНОРСКИЙ
Татьяна Евгеньевна КУЗЬМИНА
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Akcionernoe Obshhestvo "radievyy Institut Imeni VG Khlopina"
Original Assignee
Akcionernoe Obshhestvo "radievyy Institut Imeni VG Khlopina"
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Filing date
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Application filed by Akcionernoe Obshhestvo "radievyy Institut Imeni VG Khlopina" filed Critical Akcionernoe Obshhestvo "radievyy Institut Imeni VG Khlopina"
Publication of WO2018139954A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018139954A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
    • G21G4/00—Radioactive sources
    • G21G4/04—Radioactive sources other than neutron sources

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of physical chemistry of the surface and can be used in the manufacture of sources of fission fragments of a large area used in applied nuclear physics.
  • the invention in order to calibrate and determine the effectiveness of threshold fission fragment detectors in the study of stimulated fission of nuclei by neutrons, protons, gamma rays, etc. in a wide energy range, it is necessary to use spontaneous fission fragment sources with a uniform distribution of the active layer over an area of several cm 2 and an energy spectrum, with the separation of fragments into heavy and light groups.
  • sources of radioactive radiation must be sealed and ensure their mechanical strength. It should be noted that fission fragments during braking in a substance lose a unit of length more energy than other types of radioactive radiation (alpha, beta, gamma) and, accordingly, more intensively destroy protective coatings. With a relatively small surface activity of the source ( ⁇ 100 divisions per cm), a thin film of alumina (100 ⁇ g / cm thick) can serve as a protective coating, which does not pass heavy recoil nuclei and at the same time allows the spectrometric properties of the source to be preserved.
  • California the spontaneously fissile isotope Cf-252, hereinafter referred to as "California", is used.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that in the absence of sealing, the resulting active layer has weak adhesion to the surface of the substrate, can be easily mechanically removed from the substrate, and can also fade with time under the influence of its own self-dispersion.
  • Closest to the proposed invention are a device and a method of manufacturing a sealed source of fission fragments, in which a layer of gold ⁇ 1 ⁇ g / cm thick with a diameter equal to the diameter of the active spot ⁇ 3 mm is deposited on the substrate, onto which radiochemically pure California is deposited as a drop and after after drying the droplet, a sealing layer of nickel 1 mg / cm 2 thick is applied (. Patent Ru 2207639 (06/27/2003). Bull. 8).
  • the disadvantages of this device and method are the limited geometric size of the active spot of California-252, mechanically weak coating with a nickel film, and the relatively low quality of the spectrum of fission fragments, the energy loss of which is about 30 MeV.
  • the proposed inventions solve the problem of manufacturing a sealed source of fission fragments having a large active layer area and an energy spectrum of fragments with separation into heavy and light groups, with a minimum consumption of fissile material.
  • the proposed device includes an aluminum substrate, a layer of California-252 deposited on the entire surface of the substrate and a sealing film of aluminum oxide formed on top of it.
  • a method of manufacturing such a source is that a California-252 layer is deposited by desorption of a substance under the action of its own fission fragments (self-spraying) in vacuum from the mother source by scanning on the entire surface of the aluminum substrate, after which a sealing layer of aluminum oxide is formed (A1 2 0 3 ) by applying an aluminum layer over a layer of California, calcining the substrate with the deposited layers at a temperature close to the melting temperature of aluminum and subsequent anodic oxidation.
  • Figure 1 of the drawing shows a diagram of the proposed source device.
  • the source includes an aluminum substrate 1, an active layer of California, occupying almost the entire area of the substrate 2 and a sealing layer of aluminum oxide 3.
  • the proposed method of manufacturing a source of fission fragments is carried out in the following sequence.
  • an aluminum foil substrate is prepared, the surface of which is passivated by boiling in concentrated nitric acid.
  • California-252 is deposited onto the surface of the substrate by self-spraying with maternal source in a vacuum.
  • the deposition is carried out within the required area of the active spot by gradually moving the substrate (scan) in order to obtain a uniformly distributed layer and for a time determined by the deposition rate and the required value of the obtained activity.
  • After deposition of the California-252 layer, its total activity, the spectrum of fragments, and the uniformity of the activity distribution are measured using a semiconductor spectrometer.
  • the substrate with a layer of California-252 deposited on it is coated with a ⁇ 100 ⁇ g / cm thick aluminum layer by vacuum deposition.
  • the entire composition — the substrate with the deposited layers of California-252 and aluminum — is heated in vacuum to a temperature close to the melting temperature of aluminum ( ⁇ 650 ° C) in order to obtain good adhesion of the said layers to the substrate.
  • an oxide film is carried out by the method of anodic oxidation.
  • the substrate is immersed in an electrolytic cell with an ammonium solution, to the electrodes of which a voltage of about 200 volts is applied.
  • the substrate is washed in distilled water and dried.
  • the total activity, the spectrum of alpha particles and fission fragments, and the uniformity of the activity distribution are measured using a semiconductor spectrometer.
  • the verification is periodically repeated.
  • a 10 6 6 Torr self-spraying method in a 10 6 6 Torr vacuum foil from a parent source weighing ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ g was applied to a substrate of aluminum foil 0.1 mm thick, treated in boiling nitric acid, by applying a 15x15 mm California layer by moving the substrate relative to the parent source.
  • the substrate was placed in an electrolytic cell, the voltage of -200 V was applied to the electrodes of the cell.
  • the electrolysis process was controlled by measuring the current.
  • the substrate was washed in distilled water and dried.
  • FIG. Figure 2 shows the energy spectra of fission fragments emitted from the active layer deposited in the process of self-atomization of the mother source, before (curve 1) and after the formation of a sealing film of aluminum oxide and drying of the substrate (curve 2).
  • the shift of the spectrum after the formation of the oxide film relative to the reference one is on average about 7 MeV, which corresponds to the inhibitory energy loss of fragments in the alumina layer with a thickness of about 0.4 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. Figure 3 shows source samples made by the above method.
  • the source leak test was carried out once every 3 months for one year. In each cycle, a clean aluminum collector was placed above the source through a 0.5 mm thick spacer ring. The assembly was heated under vacuum of 10 "6 torr for 2 days, then collection was measured on the alpha-spectrometer. Pulses corresponding alpha activity on the surface of collections in the alpha-peak californium-252, at this stage test were observed, which testified to the tightness of the source.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le domaine de la chimie physique et peut s'utiliser pour produire des sources de produits de fission à superficie importante utilisés en physique nucléaire appliquée, par exemple, pour l'étalonnage et la détermination de l'efficacité des détecteurs de seuils des produits de fission lors de l'utilisation de la fission involontaire des noyaux par des neutrons, des protons, des quantas gamma, etc. dans une vaste gamme d'énergies. Le dispositif et le procédé de fabrication d'une source étanche à isotopes de produits de fission sur la base de californium-252 consiste à faire déposer sur un substrat en aluminium du californium-252 par procédé de desorption de la substance sous l'effet de ses propres produits de fission (d'auto-diffusion), après quoi on forme une couche d'étanchéité en oxyde d'aluminium (Al203). Les inventions permettent de trouver une solution au problème de fabrication d'une source étanche à isotopes de produits de fission possédant une gamme énergétique de produits avec une séparation en groupes lourd et léger et une consommation minimale de matière fissile.
PCT/RU2017/000930 2017-01-27 2017-12-12 Source étanche à isotopes de produits de fission sur la base de californium-252 et procédé de sa fabrication Ceased WO2018139954A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2017102849A RU2655668C1 (ru) 2017-01-27 2017-01-27 Герметичный изотопный источник осколков деления на основе калифорния-252 и способ его изготовления
RU2017102849 2017-01-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018139954A1 true WO2018139954A1 (fr) 2018-08-02

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PCT/RU2017/000930 Ceased WO2018139954A1 (fr) 2017-01-27 2017-12-12 Source étanche à isotopes de produits de fission sur la base de californium-252 et procédé de sa fabrication

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RU (1) RU2655668C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018139954A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2207639C2 (ru) * 2001-05-03 2003-06-27 Государственное унитарное предприятие Научно-производственное объединение "Радиевый институт им. В.Г.Хлопина" Герметичный изотопный источник осколков деления на основе калифорния-252 и способ его изготовления
US20130302236A1 (en) * 2009-09-28 2013-11-14 John J. Munro, III Gamma radiation source
RU2558660C1 (ru) * 2014-03-14 2015-08-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Радиевый институт имени В.Г. Хлопина" Герметичный изотопный источник осколков деления на основе калифорния-252 и способ его изготовления

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101041177B1 (ko) * 2009-08-11 2011-06-13 한국전력공사 표면 세정 공정을 이용한 박막형 삼중수소 고체선원의 제조장치 및 그의 제조방법

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2207639C2 (ru) * 2001-05-03 2003-06-27 Государственное унитарное предприятие Научно-производственное объединение "Радиевый институт им. В.Г.Хлопина" Герметичный изотопный источник осколков деления на основе калифорния-252 и способ его изготовления
US20130302236A1 (en) * 2009-09-28 2013-11-14 John J. Munro, III Gamma radiation source
RU2558660C1 (ru) * 2014-03-14 2015-08-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Радиевый институт имени В.Г. Хлопина" Герметичный изотопный источник осколков деления на основе калифорния-252 и способ его изготовления

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